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La Polledrara di Cecanibbio is a Pleistocene fossiliferous deposit near Rome (Italy) where large quantities of bones, belonging mainly to elephants, have been discovered and ‘musealized’ under an enclosing structure. The prevailing environmental conditions inside the museum and the exposition in situ of the fossilized remains have resulted in the development of phototrophic biofilms on the bones and the nearby sediments. Samples of bones and sediment were investigated with different microscopy techniques (light, confocal laser scanning, scanning electron and petrographic microscopes) that allowed the identification of the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. as the almost entirely dominant organism of the biofilms. The present study identifies for the first time endolithic activity of this cyanobacterium on exposed fossilized bones. There was some indication that this species was euendolithic but this remains to be elucidated. The development of these phototrophic biofilms greatly reduces the aesthetic value of the site and evidence suggests that they may cause extensive structural damage to the bones, threatening the scientific and cultural assets of one of the richest fossiliferous deposits in Italy. This study on the biodeterioration of fossil remains gives useful insights for the conservation of this spectacular site.

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Language Technologies (LT) perform well when they rely on a previous Language Resources (LR) development. Hence, in this paper we illustrate how to build an efficient data mining system based on a coherent formalization of natural language and on a lingware (in Machine-Readable Form) built on the universal concepts of "lexical unit", "meaning unit" and "morphosyntactic context". From a linguistic and semantic point of view we get more coherent results through a linguistically motivated data mining than a statistical approach. We developed LR for Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, composed by electronic dictionaries made of terminological multiword-expressions (Machine-Readable Form) and by local grammars (in the form of finite-state automata and transducers -- FSA/FST). Both parts of this lingware were built and applied according to Lexicon-Grammar (LG) formalization principles and methods. The mentioned language resources form the basis to develop an Information Retrieval System for e-Government. This device is a Semantic Web (SW) application, which will automatically recognize a given set of frequently-asked questions (from here on, FAQs) on European Community Information, previously formalized as syntactic patterns inside local grammars.

Notre contribution porte sur l’analyse contrastive de trois concordanciers bi-multilingues en ligne (WebiText, Tradooit et Linguee) par le biais d’une approche que nous avons définie d’«archive» (Raus 2013). Après avoir présenté notre corpus, nous préciserons ce que nous entendons par approche d’archive et en tirerons des critères de testage spécifique. Enfin, nous testerons les concordanciers par ces critères à l’aide de la traduction de quelques syntagmes terminologiques de l’égalité H/F de l’anglais en français et proposerons un certain nombre d’améliorations possibles.