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This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin., Situated local knowledge and co-evolutionary processes overtake certitude and formal planning, challenging the way (cultural) heritage is produced in terms of both space and knowledge. This article contributes to the debate surrounding planning education and research by exploring the potential of inquiry-based learning (IBL) in spatial development and heritage conservation. The main argument is that the IBL format presented herein enables interaction and cooperation between various groups and their diverse sets of knowledge. To that end, the IBL approach was implemented both through project work and by creating a specific learning environment encompassing theory, exhibition, places, and people, and in which a research process was realised by students through iteration and reflection. The contribution systematises the results of a 2021 workshop held in Venice and Rome, including at the Corviale housing complex (Rome). In seeking to respond to the title-theme of the Venice Biennale, How will we live together?, initial evidence shows that educational activities stemming from clear research questions and “embedded” ways of inquiry-based learning present remarkable opportunities for participants to improve their ability to navigate into fragile and uncertain futures of the territory, engaging students in a wider process of knowledge-building.

ornare sul campo per capire l'Italia. Una ricerca ‘non allineata' su produzioni e territorio / La città portuale. Nuove tracce per la ricerca contemporanea / Dicotomia e simbiosi tra città e porto: nuovi paradigmi operativi / Essere spontanei nella città del XXI secolo, o dell'adattarsi / Riscritture della prossimità

Il paper presenta alcuni casi studio promossi dalle Aziende casa, in quanto generativi di più ampi effetti di rigenerazione urbana. L'indagine è stata condotta nell'ambito del Federca-saLab, laboratorio di ricerca e sperimentazione istituito da Federcasa. Obiettivo, valorizza-re patrimoni materiali, immateriali e di saperi che formano il mondo dell'edilizia pubblica, individuando traiettorie di progetto utili a rilanciare le politiche dell'abitare e, con esse, gli stessi soggetti territoriali.

Starting from the analysis of the main fragility profiles that affect temporary inhabitants in Venice, the article describes three case studies that embrace the metropolitan dimension of the city, and present innovative housing models. In a perspective of renewal of the public housing sector and of its possible role within the complex scenarios of the contemporary city, this work is aimed at deepening the knowledge of a set of practices promoted by the third sector in Venice in order to respond to today’s living needs. By investigating the collaborative dimension of these experiences, some design and governance models emerge. They are useful to rethink both the idea of a home, and the ‘cultural’ idea of living in the city.

Nel corso degli ultimi decenni, in Italia, la rigenerazione urbana è stata ambito di riflessione e di pratica ampiamente dibattuto e frequentato da parte di soggetti molto diversi. Si tratta infatti di un campo ampio che, in termini generali, possiamo intendere come approccio complesso al governo delle città, sfidate da grandi cambiamenti sociali, economici, ambientali e culturali e dunque obbligate a ripensare i propri spazi e i propri modelli di abitare. Nel tentativo di affrontare in maniera integrata queste criticità, Federcasa ha recentemente lanciato un articolato quadro di attività di ricerca applicata, volte al ripensamento del ruolo delle Aziende casa e alla valorizzazione delle loro capacità e potenzialità. È in questo contesto che nasce il del FedercasaLab, laboratorio di ricerca e sperimentazione promosso dalla federazione per esplorare il ruolo dell’ERP nei processi di rigenerazione urbana e territoriale.

The adaptive reuse of cultural heritage assets is often problematic. What emerges is the urgency of a thoughtful negotiation between built forms and emerging needs and requests. In this view, a fruitful trajectory of development arises in commoning heritage by means of adaptive reuse. Hence, the purpose of this article is to investigate how community-led adaptive heritage re-use practices contribute to social innovation in terms of new successful model of urban governance, by providing a specific focus on innovative aspects that emerge in both heritage and planning sectors. Therefore, it also aims to improve the knowledge in the innovative power of heritage when conceptualized as performative practice. To this end, the paper presents the adaptation process of a former church complex located in Naples, today Scugnizzo Liberato, one of the bottom-up initiatives recognized by the Municipality of Naples as part of the urban commons network of the city. The research results are based on desk research, a literature review, and interviews with experts and activists, conducted as part of the OpenHeritage project (Horizon 2020). Initial evidence shows that profound citizen involvement throughout the whole heritage-making process might generate innovative perspectives in urban governance as well as conservation planning practice.

Spatial distribution and temporal variation of epibenthic assemblages of coralligenous biogenic rocky outcrops occurring in the northern Adriatic Sea (45°04′–45°24′N; 12°23′–12°43′E) were investigated by photographic sampling from 2003 to 2006 at 12 randomly selected sites. The dominant reef-forming organisms were the encrusting calcareous algae (Lithophyllum stictaeforme, Lithothamnion minervae and Peyssonnelia polymorpha), while the main bioeroders were boring sponges (Cliona viridis, C. celata, C. thoosina, C. rhodensis, Piona vastifica) and the bivalve Gastrochaena dubia. Composition of the assemblages varied thorough years and among sites. Spatial heterogeneity, at local and regional scale, prevailed over temporal variation. This variability was related both to the geo-morphological features of the outcrops and to environmental variables. Sites clearly differed in the percent cover of reef builder and bioeroder species while only limited temporal variation within site was found. Some taxa revealed complex intra-site temporal trends. These results provide valuable information on the diversity and variability of epibenthic assemblages of the northern Adriatic coralligenous reefs, essential for the management and conservation of these unique biogenic habitats.

During the last few decades, Mediterranean epibenthic assemblages have been involved in mass mortality events, in which sea fans were one of the most threatened groups. Explants of the most common Mediterranean gorgonians (Paramuricea clavata, Eunicella cavolinii, E. singularis, and E. verrucosa, 40 explants from each species) were transplanted in the field in order to evaluate the response to transplantation, survival and growth rate of the cuttings during an annual cycle, from February 2003 to March 2004. Colonies of each species overcame transplantation stress and during the first three months they showed a mean survival rate of 98% and an average positive growth rate of 7.65%. In the summer season 2003, during the heatwave that affected the Mediterranean basin, the experimental cuttings suffered, showing a mean negative growth rate and a reduction of survival. At the end of the stress event, P. clavata revealed the worst recovery while all Eunicella species showed a good ability to recover. In particu...

Indo-Pacific coral reefs are considered among the most complex and biodiversified ecosystems in the world. Their existence is threatened by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Therefore, the assessment of anthropogenic disturbances is necessary to protect and manage these marine natural resources. In Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) epibenthic assemblages and coral rubble features at four impacted sites (each of them located close to villages and frequently exploited as recreational diving spots), and four well preserved sites (far from villages and scarcely frequented by divers), were investigated at 6, 12 and 18 m depth, in order to identify possible reef modifications. The assemblages were sampled by way of photographs. Coral rubble cover was estimated both by way of photographs and along belt transects, while grain size and the living fraction of the coral rubble were assessed by direct samples. The data showed significant differences between the study sites and between depths with regard to human activity. The hard coral cover and the assemblage heterogeneity are higher in control sites than in the impacted site where, especially in shallow water, the mechanical damage can strongly affect the assemblage structure. The mean percentage of coral rubble cover was significantly higher in the impacted sites, while its living portion was higher in the controls. The fine fraction (0.1-0.5 cm) of coral rubble was more abundant in the impacted sites, coarse fraction (4-8 cm) prevailed at the control sites while intermediate fractions did not show any differences. The three-dimensional structural complexity of the assemblages was reduced in the sites affected by physical disturbances. These results are strongly independent of depth. Human activities, which damage corals and increase coral rubble production, are mainly performed on the reef flat and reef edge but their effects are transferred along the reef wall in depth. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

‘Città in attesa’ sono il risultato fisico e concettuale dei profondi cambiamenti che coinvolgono la nostra società. Nel secolo dell’urbanità, lo spopolamento di molte città occidentali la mancanza delle risorse necessarie al completamento di grandi piani urbani producono un numero crescente di spazi vacanti. Rimandando la sua trasformazione ad un futuro indefinito, la città viene quindi ridotta a un paesaggio amorfo, riflesso dell’altrettanto disagio sociale che investe un’ampia fascia della cittadinanza media. In questo scenario di incertezza il progetto temporaneo diviene strumento efficace ad abilitare lo spazio urbano al suo uso evitandone un ulteriore degrado. Attraverso pratiche intermedie le ‘pause temporali’ in cui è costretta la città possono essere trasformate in momenti di sperimentazione diventando inoltre opportunità di riflessione sui mezzi e sulle modalità del progetto stesso. Questo lavoro propone dunque una riflessione sul concetto di tempo basata sull’idea di durata reale introdotta da Bergson. ‘Attivando’ sequenze temporali solitamente inutilizzate, il progetto intermedio diventa mezzo dinamico di riqualificazione urbana basato sull’’empowerment delle comunità locali. Obiettivo di questo scritto è infine sintetizzare le caratteristiche che rendono il progetto intermedio capace di innescare una trasformazione della città basata su un modo nuovo di partecipare, orientato al rafforzamento delle capacità resilienti degli abitanti coinvolti. A questo scopo vengono raccolti e classificati in quattro categorie dimensionali diversi progetti realizzati in ambito europeo dimostrandone l’adattabilità a tutti i livelli della pianificazione. The physical and conceptual result of the great changes which affect our society is a city in ‘stand-by’. Even if the XXI century is considered to be an ‘urban century’, many Western cities are shrinking and lack the resources which are necessary to complete planned masterplans. By postponing the transformation of the city to an indefinite future, the number of vacant spaces is increasing. This situation reduces the city into an amorphous landscape that also reflects the social problems concerning a wide number of citizens. In this uncertain scenario, the temporary project becomes an effective tool to open the urban space toward its use as well as to avoid a further degradation of the landscape. Through interim practices the 'forced breaks', to which the city is constrained, can be transformed into moments of experimentation, becoming an opportunity to reflect on the means and methods of the project itself. This work proposes a reflection on the concept of time based on the idea of real duration introduced by Bergson. 'Activating' usually unused sequences of time, the interim project works as a dynamic means of urban regeneration based on the empowerment of local communities. Finally, the aim of this paper is to summarize the features that make the intermediate project able to trigger a transformation of the city based on a new way to participate, attempting to strengthen the resilient capacity of the people involved. For this purpose several European projects are collected and classified into four dimensional categories, showing the adaptability of the temporary project at all scales and levels of planning.

This paper presents some of the results of NO-CITY SALARIA, part of an interuniversity research and educational programme between Roma Tre University, the University of Camerino (UNICAM), and IUAV University of Venice. The programme was launched to explore the urban-rural dichotomy in three different territories of the Italian peninsula. Each area cuts through a particular urban condition up until the most peripheral regional areas of the country, namely the so-called “inner areas,” identified by the 2014 National Strategy of the same name (SNAI). Challenging city-centric or urban-centric visions, today reinforced by the SNAI, this contribution presents some exercises of imagination that show possible ways to overcome dual territorial approaches. Methodologically, the study adopts the transect as a conceptual and practical tool that serves to address the territorial dialectic in a novel way. Fluctuating along the transect, the onward-backward movement blurs the imaginary line that profoundly limits a more complex urban discourse. Affirming the interchangeable and intrinsic value of both urban and rural realities, i.e. of each gradient of today’s urban condition, the design speculations thus show the potential of the pluriverse of forms emerging from this continuous exchange.

Il volume Spazi d’artificio è edito all’interno della “DiAP Print / Teorie”, sottoposta a revisione paritaria e anonima (double blind peer review). Si occupa della quarta dimensione della città, uno spazio cangiante, per sua natura soggetto a ordini di lettura contraddittori e mutevoli rispetto all’epoca che attraversa. Il testo raccoglie voci provenienti da esperienze e ambiti culturali differenti, aprendo un dibattito interdisciplinare sui temi della città e, più in generale, del suo vivere. Dalla crisi del 2008 la lentezza del fare architettonico, rispetto alla rapidità dei processi che segnano la contemporaneità, individua spazi d’incertezza fisici e concettuali, mettendo in dubbio i principi e le convinzioni che hanno guidato la modernità fino a noi. Di fronte ad una disciplina che per attitudine predilige la permanenza, tempo e azione rappresentano gli elementi cardine attraverso cui sezionare e riciclare la città, ma anche lo sfondo di senso su cui riposizionare il progetto, pensando dispositivi spaziali pronti anche a spegnersi al volgere delle necessità o degli umori dei propri abitanti. Da qui l’esigenza di incontrarsi superando il limite della disciplina e tentando di aprire, attraverso la via del confronto, possibili orizzonti operativi, pratici quanto teorici. Come un fuoco artificiale può trasformare il quotidiano in meraviglioso, così l’architettura, anche attraverso materiali fragili ed effimeri, può inaspettatamente modificare significati e immagini ordinari dello spazio urbano. Spazi d’artificio sono dunque luoghi e architetture d’eccezione, punti di incontro tra esperienze dell’arte, della cultura e dell’economia capaci di prefigurare futuri possibili sullo sfondo durevole della città. Il mio saggio traccia alcuni caratteri salienti del progetto temporaneo riferito allo spettro tematico dello spazio aperto urbano, per evidenziare il potenziale di una complementare convergenza tra le vie consuete del progetto perdurante e le modalità d’intervento a tempo determinato, che operino come laboratori sperimentali dove testare la città e azioni propedeutiche, per prevedere o indirizzare gli effetti. Il temporaneo si fa lungimirante e, a suo modo, permanente. Gli argomenti vi sono organizzati in Immaginari, Comportamenti, Comunità, Norme, Cronologie. "In Spazi d’artificio" - osserva Elisa Avellini su Artribune del 20 febbraio 2017 - "si compie anche un ripensamento del concetto di previsione, normalmente alla base del progetto architettonico permanente. Infatti, come osserva Annalisa Metta, “il progetto perdurante, che assimili la natura aleatoria del progetto temporaneo, si pone come struttura performativa, non finalizzata alla definizione di una forma conclusa, ma alla modulazione delle condizioni per cui diversi ingredienti urbani entrino in relazione tra loro e reagiscano alle perturbazioni e turbolenze”. Spazi d’artificio induce, dunque, a domandarci se l’architettura debba effettivamente preferire una permanenza nell’apparente precarietà e incertezza dell’effimero o se questo non sia invece una macchina per mettere in discussione lo scopo stesso del progetto. Forse, innanzitutto, con l’obiettivo di creare condizioni per sviluppare processi reali nello spazio urbano".