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1,084 results on '"Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)"'

1. Evolving Together: Cassandra Retrotransposons Gradually Mirror Promoter Mutations of the 5S rRNA Genes

Author: Free State of Saxony, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Maiwald, Sophie, Mann, Ludwig, Garcia, Sònia, Heitkam, Tony, Free State of Saxony, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Maiwald, Sophie, Mann, Ludwig, Garcia, Sònia, and Heitkam, Tony
Abstract: The 5S rRNA genes are among the most conserved nucleotide sequences across all species. Similar to the 5S preservation we observe the occurrence of 5S-related nonautonomous retrotransposons, so-called Cassandras. Cassandras harbor highly conserved 5S rDNA-related sequences within their long terminal repeats, advantageously providing them with the 5S internal promoter. However, the dynamics of Cassandra retrotransposon evolution in the context of 5S rRNA gene sequence information and structural arrangement are still unclear, especially: (1) do we observe repeated or gradual domestication of the highly conserved 5S promoter by Cassandras and (2) do changes in 5S organization such as in the linked 35S-5S rDNA arrangements impact Cassandra evolution? Here, we show evidence for gradual co-evolution of Cassandra sequences with their corresponding 5S rDNAs. To follow the impact of 5S rDNA variability on Cassandra TEs, we investigate the Asteraceae family where highly variable 5S rDNAs, including 5S promoter shifts and both linked and separated 35S-5S rDNA arrangements have been reported. Cassandras within the Asteraceae mirror 5S rDNA promoter mutations of their host genome, likely as an adaptation to the host's specific 5S transcription factors and hence compensating for evolutionary changes in the 5S rDNA sequence. Changes in the 5S rDNA sequence and in Cassandras seem uncorrelated with linked/separated rDNA arrangements. We place all these observations into the context of angiosperm 5S rDNA-Cassandra evolution, discuss Cassandra's origin hypotheses (single or multiple) and Cassandra's possible impact on rDNA and plant genome organization, giving new insights into the interplay of ribosomal genes and transposable elements.
Published: 2024

2. Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure

Author: Russian Science Foundation, Leipzig University, German Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Carl Tryggers Foundation, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation (US), American Association of University Women, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Estonian Science Foundation, Government of Canada, St. John's University, Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Latvian Council of Science, Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Royal Society Te Apārangi, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Natural Resources Canada, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Nanyang Technological University, Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Striuchkova, Anastasia V. [0000-0002-6666-5844], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Barnes, Andrew D. [0000-0002-6499-381X], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Bernava, Verónica [0000-0002-7654-7913], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Doblas-Miranda, E. [0000-0003-3366-2759], Drescher. Jochen [0000-0002-5162-9779], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Høye, Toke T. [0000-0001-5387-3284], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Kapinga, Esther M. [0000-0002-2454-6820], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], Henning Krogh, Paul [0000-0003-2033-553X], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Mawan, Amanda [0000-0003-1820-7432], Moreno Mateos, D. [0000-0002-1539-5848], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Nielsen, Uffe N. [0000-0003-2400-7453], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Slade, Eleanor M. [0000-0002-6108-1196], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Potapov, Anton, Chen, Ting-Wen, Striuchkova, Anastasia V., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexandre, Douglas, Arbea, Javier I., Ashton, Thomas, Ashwood, Frank, Babenko, Anatoly, Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Duarte Maluche Baretta, Carolina R., Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Kapinga, Esther M., Kovac, L'ubomír, Krab, Eveline J., Henning Krogh, Paul, Kuu, Annely, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Lam Weng, Ngai, Russell, David J., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., Mawan, Amanda, McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Mitchell, Grace I., Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Moreno Mateos, D., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Nielsen, Uffe N., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Ponge, Jean-François, Potapov, Mikhail B., Salmon, Sandrine, Querner, Pascal, Rai, Bibishan, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Reis, Aline S., Ross, Giles M., Rousseau, Laurent, Santoja, Mathieu, Saraeva, Anna K., Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shaw, Peter, Baretta, Dilmar, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Slade, Eleanor M., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Tay, Li Si, Thakur, Madhav P., Treasure, Anne M., Barnes, Andrew D., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Widyastuti, Rahayu, Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Bellini, Bruno C., Yin, Rui, Zampaulo, Robson A., Zeppelini, Douglas, Zhang, Bing, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Ashford, Oliver, Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Scheu, Stefan, Bendjaballah, Mohamed, Berg, Matty P., Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bokova, Anna I., Bolger, Thomas, Bouchard, Mathieu, Brito, Roniere A., Buchori, Damayanti, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chomel, Mathilde, Chow, Yasuko, Chown, Steven L., Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Deharveng, Louis, Doblas-Miranda, E., Drescher. Jochen, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ellers, J., Ferlian, Olga, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Ferreira, Alisa S., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gers. Charles, Greve, Michelle, Hamra-Kroua, Salah, Tanya Handa, Ira, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Heiniger, Charlène, Hishi, Takuo, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Høye, Toke T., Ivask, Mari, Jacques, Bob, Janion-Scheepers, C., Jochum, Malte, Russian Science Foundation, Leipzig University, German Research Foundation, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Carl Tryggers Foundation, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation (US), American Association of University Women, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), National Natural Science Foundation of China, South African National Antarctic Programme, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Estonian Science Foundation, Government of Canada, St. John's University, Ministére de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France), Latvian Council of Science, Massey University, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Royal Society Te Apārangi, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Natural Resources Canada, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Nanyang Technological University, Potapov, Anton [0000-0002-4456-1710], Striuchkova, Anastasia V. [0000-0002-6666-5844], Alatalo, Juha M. [0000-0001-5084-850X], Arbea, Javier I. [0000-0001-6122-1331], Babenko, Anatoly [0000-0002-6077-0619], Barnes, Andrew D. [0000-0002-6499-381X], Bellini, Bruno C. [0000-0001-7881-9436], Bernava, Verónica [0000-0002-7654-7913], Bokhorst, Stef [0000-0003-0184-1162], Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela [0000-0002-5405-5221], Chauvat, Matthieu [0000-0002-4831-5904], Chomel, Mathilde [0000-0001-5110-2355], Chown, Steven L. [0000-0001-6069-5105], Classen, Aimme T. [0000-0002-6741-3470], de Lima, Estevam C. A. [0000-0002-1680-4818], Doblas-Miranda, E. [0000-0003-3366-2759], Drescher. Jochen [0000-0002-5162-9779], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Filser, Juliane [0000-0003-1535-6168], Franken, Oscar [0000-0001-8361-3117], Greve, Michelle [0000-0002-6229-8506], Holmstrup, Martin [0000-0001-8395-6582], Homet, Pablo [0000-0002-4285-6953], Høye, Toke T. [0000-0001-5387-3284], Janion-Scheepers, C. [0000-0001-5942-7912], Jochum, Malte [0000-0002-8728-1145], Jucevica, Edite [0000-0002-0710-9450], Kapinga, Esther M. [0000-0002-2454-6820], Kovac, L'ubomír [0000-0001-8194-2128], Krab, Eveline J. [0000-0001-8262-0198], Henning Krogh, Paul [0000-0003-2033-553X], Lindo, Zoë [0000-0001-9942-7204], Lu, Jing-Zhong [0000-0002-4051-8993], Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J. [0000-0001-5679-0951], Mawan, Amanda [0000-0003-1820-7432], Moreno Mateos, D. [0000-0002-1539-5848], Negri, Ilaria [0000-0001-5188-1408], Nielsen, Uffe N. [0000-0003-2400-7453], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I. [0000-0002-9010-481X], Palacios-Vargas, José [0000-0001-9097-6813], Pollierer, Melani M. [0000-0002-1498-2362], Potapov, Mikhail B. [0000-0002-6111-3354], Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz [0000-0002-5178-4445], Raymond-Léonard, Laura J. [0000-0002-7324-7843], Saifutdinov, Ruslan [0000-0002-8878-3630], Sayer, Emma J. [0000-0002-3322-4487], Seeber, Julia [0000-0003-0189-7377], Shveenkova, Yulia B. [0000-0003-1887-8551], Slade, Eleanor M. [0000-0002-6108-1196], Sterzynska, Maria [0000-0001-9712-4285], Sun, Xin [0000-0002-3988-7847], Taskaeva, Anastasia A. [0000-0002-4519-8458], Thakur, Madhav P. [0000-0001-9426-1313], Tsiafouli, Maria A. [0000-0003-0203-8347], Twala, Mthokozisi N. [0000-0001-6499-1892], Winck, Bruna [0000-0002-7996-9855], Winkler, Daniel E.[0000-0002-6008-0562], Yin, Rui [0000-0002-4580-1317], Zeppelini, Douglas [0000-0002-9026-1129], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Potapov, Anton, Chen, Ting-Wen, Striuchkova, Anastasia V., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexandre, Douglas, Arbea, Javier I., Ashton, Thomas, Ashwood, Frank, Babenko, Anatoly, Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Duarte Maluche Baretta, Carolina R., Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Jucevica, Edite, Kapinga, Esther M., Kovac, L'ubomír, Krab, Eveline J., Henning Krogh, Paul, Kuu, Annely, Kuznetsova, Natalia A., Lam Weng, Ngai, Russell, David J., Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy, Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciánez Sánchez, Mª J., Marx, Michael T., Mawan, Amanda, McCary, Matthew A., Minor, María A., Mitchell, Grace I., Saifutdinov, Ruslan, Moreno Mateos, D., Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Nielsen, Uffe N., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Palacios-Vargas, José, Pollierer, Melani M., Ponge, Jean-François, Potapov, Mikhail B., Salmon, Sandrine, Querner, Pascal, Rai, Bibishan, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Reis, Aline S., Ross, Giles M., Rousseau, Laurent, Santoja, Mathieu, Saraeva, Anna K., Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shaw, Peter, Baretta, Dilmar, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Slade, Eleanor M., Stebaeva, Sophya K., Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda I., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Tay, Li Si, Thakur, Madhav P., Treasure, Anne M., Barnes, Andrew D., Tsiafouli, Maria A., Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Vernier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Widyastuti, Rahayu, Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel E., Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Bellini, Bruno C., Yin, Rui, Zampaulo, Robson A., Zeppelini, Douglas, Zhang, Bing, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Ashford, Oliver, Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Scheu, Stefan, Bendjaballah, Mohamed, Berg, Matty P., Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bokova, Anna I., Bolger, Thomas, Bouchard, Mathieu, Brito, Roniere A., Buchori, Damayanti, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chomel, Mathilde, Chow, Yasuko, Chown, Steven L., Classen, Aimme T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, Pedrosa, Ana M. de la, de Lima, Estevam C. A., Deharveng, Louis, Doblas-Miranda, E., Drescher. Jochen, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ellers, J., Ferlian, Olga, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Ferreira, Alisa S., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, S., Gagnon Koudji, Essivi, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gers. Charles, Greve, Michelle, Hamra-Kroua, Salah, Tanya Handa, Ira, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Heiniger, Charlène, Hishi, Takuo, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Høye, Toke T., Ivask, Mari, Jacques, Bob, Janion-Scheepers, C., and Jochum, Malte
Abstract: Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.
Published: 2024

3. Circadian-related behavioural types in free-living marine fish revealed by high-throughput telemetry

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Govern de les Illes Balears, Martorell Barceló, Martina [0000-0002-0967-1607], Aspillaga, Eneko [0000-0002-8888-8731], Barceló-Serra, Margarida [0000-0002-2752-0896], Alós, Josep [0000-0003-4385-9539], Martorell Barceló, Martina, Aspillaga, Eneko, Barceló-Serra, Margarida, Arlinghaus, Robert, Alós, Josep, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Govern de les Illes Balears, Martorell Barceló, Martina [0000-0002-0967-1607], Aspillaga, Eneko [0000-0002-8888-8731], Barceló-Serra, Margarida [0000-0002-2752-0896], Alós, Josep [0000-0003-4385-9539], Martorell Barceló, Martina, Aspillaga, Eneko, Barceló-Serra, Margarida, Arlinghaus, Robert, and Alós, Josep
Abstract: Like terrestrial animals, wild fish exhibit individual differences in daily activity patterns, known as chronotypes. However, monitoring free-living fish has posed challenges in studying chronotypes and their plasticity in response to the environment. To address this issue, we utilized high-throughput telemetry to measure daily activity in a large group of free-living pearly razorfish, Xyrichtys novacula, while also monitoring fine-scale environmental variables. Using hidden Markov models for behavioural segmentation, we quantified four circadian-related traits (awakening time, rest onset, activity duration relative to the daytime and rest midpoint relative to middle of the night) during two biological contexts (prespawning and spawning). We then used linear mixed-effects models to decompose the variation of these traits into individual, ecological (contextual environment) and population components. Our findings revealed the presence of chronotypes in both sexes, with greater between-individual variation in behaviour during spawning. Males exhibited longer activity duration due to an earlier awakening time than females, and temperature, waves and light significantly influenced daily activity behaviours. However, there was considerable individual variation in response to environmental changes, indicating the emergence of behavioural reaction norms (i.e. plasticity), with females showing greater plasticity in rest onset and relative rest midpoint. Our study also identified significant correlations among traits, suggesting that the activity duration continuum defines the pearly razorfish chronotype. Overall, our work represents the most comprehensive description of individual and ecological contextual variation in chronotypes within a wild marine fish population. It underscores the importance of environmental fluctuations in shaping the expression of internal clocks.
Published: 2024

4. Crystal Nucleation in Supercooled Atomic Liquids

Author: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, Max Planck Society, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, #NODATA#, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Möller, Johannes, Schottelius, Alexander, Caresana, Michele, Boesenberg, Ulrike, Kim, Chan, Dallari, Francesco, Ezquerra, Tiberio A., Fernández Sánchez, José María, Gelisio, Luca, Glaesener, Andrea, Goy, Claudia, Hallmann, Jörg, Kalinin, Anton, Kurta, Ruslan P., Lapkin, Dmitry, Lehmkühler, Felix, Mambretti, Francesco, Scholz, Markus, Shayduk, Roman, Trinter, Florian, Vartaniants, Ivan A., Zozulya, Alexey, Galli, Davide E., Grübel, Gerhard, Madsen, Anders, Caupin, Frédéric, Grisenti, Robert E., Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, Max Planck Society, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, #NODATA#, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Möller, Johannes, Schottelius, Alexander, Caresana, Michele, Boesenberg, Ulrike, Kim, Chan, Dallari, Francesco, Ezquerra, Tiberio A., Fernández Sánchez, José María, Gelisio, Luca, Glaesener, Andrea, Goy, Claudia, Hallmann, Jörg, Kalinin, Anton, Kurta, Ruslan P., Lapkin, Dmitry, Lehmkühler, Felix, Mambretti, Francesco, Scholz, Markus, Shayduk, Roman, Trinter, Florian, Vartaniants, Ivan A., Zozulya, Alexey, Galli, Davide E., Grübel, Gerhard, Madsen, Anders, Caupin, Frédéric, and Grisenti, Robert E.
Abstract: The liquid-to-solid phase transition is a complex process that is difficult to investigate experimentally with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. A key aspect of the transition is the formation of a critical seed of the crystalline phase in a supercooled liquid, that is, a liquid in a metastable state below the melting temperature. This stochastic process is commonly described within the framework of classical nucleation theory, but accurate tests of the theory in atomic and molecular liquids are challenging. Here, we employ femtosecond x-ray diffraction from microscopic liquid jets to study crystal nucleation in supercooled liquids of the rare gases argon and krypton. Our results provide stringent limits to the validity of classical nucleation theory in atomic liquids, and offer the long-sought possibility of testing nonclassical extensions of the theory.
Published: 2024

5. Genetic basis of Arabidopsis thaliana responses to infection by naïve and adapted isolates of turnip mosaic virus

Author: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Butkovic, Anamarija, Ellis, Thomas James, González, Rubén, Jaegle, Benjamin, Nordborg, Magnus, Elena, Santiago F., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Butkovic, Anamarija, Ellis, Thomas James, González, Rubén, Jaegle, Benjamin, Nordborg, Magnus, and Elena, Santiago F.
Abstract: Plant viruses account for enormous agricultural losses worldwide, and the most effective way to combat them is to identify genetic material conferring plant resistance to these pathogens. Aiming to identify genetic associations with responses to infection, we screened a large panel of Arabidopsis thaliana natural inbred lines for four disease-related traits caused by infection by A. thaliana-naïve and -adapted isolates of the natural pathogen turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). We detected a strong, replicable association in a 1.5 Mb region on chromosome 2 with a 10-fold increase in relative risk of systemic necrosis. The region contains several plausible causal genes as well as abundant structural variation, including an insertion of a Copia transposon into a Toll/interleukin receptor (TIR-NBS-LRR) coding for a gene involved in defense, that could be either a driver or a consequence of the disease-resistance locus. When inoculated with TuMV, loss-of-function mutant plants of this gene exhibited different symptoms than wild-type plants. The direction and severity of symptom differences depended on the adaptation history of the virus. This increase in symptom severity was specific for infections with the adapted isolate. Necrosis-associated alleles are found worldwide, and their distribution is consistent with a trade-off between resistance during viral outbreaks and a cost of resistance otherwise, leading to negative frequency-dependent selection.
Published: 2024

6. Large-Scale Screening: Phenotypic and Mutational Spectrum in Isolated and Combined Dystonia Genes

Author: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, Jesús Maestre, Silvia [0000-0002-1874-4628], Mir, Pablo [0000-0003-1656-302X], Thomsen, Mirja, Marth, Katrin, Loens, Sebastian, Everding, Judith, Junker, Johanna, Borngräber, Friederike, Ott, Fabian, Jesús Maestre, Silvia, Gelderblom, Mathias, Odorfer, Thorsten, Kuhlenbäumer, Gregor, Kim, Han-Joon, Schaeffer, Eva, Becktepe, Jos, Kasten, Meike, Brüggemann, Norbert, Pfister, Robert, Kollewe, Katja, Krauss, Joachim K., Lohmann, Ebba, Hinrichs, Frauke, Berg, Daniela, Jeon, Beomseok, Busch, Hauke, Altenmüller, Eckart, Mir, Pablo, Kamm, Christoph, Volkmann, Jens, Zittel, Simone, Ferbert, Andreas, Zeuner, Kirsten E., Rolfs, Arndt, Bauer, Peter, Kühn, Andrea A., Bäumer, Tobias, Klein, Christine, Lohmann, Katja, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, Jesús Maestre, Silvia [0000-0002-1874-4628], Mir, Pablo [0000-0003-1656-302X], Thomsen, Mirja, Marth, Katrin, Loens, Sebastian, Everding, Judith, Junker, Johanna, Borngräber, Friederike, Ott, Fabian, Jesús Maestre, Silvia, Gelderblom, Mathias, Odorfer, Thorsten, Kuhlenbäumer, Gregor, Kim, Han-Joon, Schaeffer, Eva, Becktepe, Jos, Kasten, Meike, Brüggemann, Norbert, Pfister, Robert, Kollewe, Katja, Krauss, Joachim K., Lohmann, Ebba, Hinrichs, Frauke, Berg, Daniela, Jeon, Beomseok, Busch, Hauke, Altenmüller, Eckart, Mir, Pablo, Kamm, Christoph, Volkmann, Jens, Zittel, Simone, Ferbert, Andreas, Zeuner, Kirsten E., Rolfs, Arndt, Bauer, Peter, Kühn, Andrea A., Bäumer, Tobias, Klein, Christine, and Lohmann, Katja
Abstract: [Background] Pathogenic variants in several genes have been linked to genetic forms of isolated or combined dystonia. The phenotypic and genetic spectrum and the frequency of pathogenic variants in these genes have not yet been fully elucidated, neither in patients with dystonia nor with other, sometimes co-occurring movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD)., [Objectives] To screen >2000 patients with dystonia or PD for rare variants in known dystonia-causing genes., [Methods] We screened 1207 dystonia patients from Germany (DysTract consortium), Spain, and South Korea, and 1036 PD patients from Germany for pathogenic variants using a next-generation sequencing gene panel. The impact on DNA methylation of KMT2B variants was evaluated by analyzing the gene's characteristic episignature., [Results] We identified 171 carriers (109 with dystonia [9.0%]; 62 with PD [6.0%]) of 131 rare variants (minor allele frequency <0.005). A total of 52 patients (48 dystonia [4.0%]; four PD [0.4%, all with GCH1 variants]) carried 33 different (likely) pathogenic variants, of which 17 were not previously reported. Pathogenic biallelic variants in PRKRA were not found. Episignature analysis of 48 KMT2B variants revealed that only two of these should be considered (likely) pathogenic., [Conclusion] This study confirms pathogenic variants in GCH1, GNAL, KMT2B, SGCE, THAP1, and TOR1A as relevant causes in dystonia and expands the mutational spectrum. Of note, likely pathogenic variants only in GCH1 were also found among PD patients. For DYT-KMT2B, the recently described episignature served as a reliable readout to determine the functional effect of newly identified variants.
Published: 2024

7. Species delimitation 4.0: integrative taxonomy meets artificial intelligence

Author: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministry of Agriculture and Food (Germany), Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety, and Consumer Protection (Germany), German Research Foundation, European Commission, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Karbstein, Kevin [0000-0003-1424-6557], Kösters, Lara [0000-0002-7913-2377], Hodač, Ladislav [0000-0002-6885-1317], Hofmann, Martin [0000-0002-4440-3317], Hörandl, Elvira [0000-0002-7600-1128], Tomasello, Salvatore [0000-0001-5201-1156], Wagner, Natascha D. [0000-0001-6623-7623], Emerson, Brent C. [0000-0003-4067-9858], Albach , Dirk C. [0000-0001-9056-7382], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Bradler, Sven [0000-0001-9307-1032], de Vries, Jan [0000-0003-3507-5195], Irisarri, Iker [0000-0002-3628-1137], Li, He [0000-0002-4591-8056], Pamela Soltis [0000-0001-9310-8659], Mäder, Patrick [0000-0001-6871-2707], Wäldchen, Jana [0000-0002-2631-1531], Karbstein, Kevin, Kösters, Lara, Hodač, Ladislav, Hofmann, Martin, Hörandl, Elvira, Tomasello, Salvatore, Wagner, Natascha D., Emerson, Brent C., Albach , Dirk C., Scheu, Stefan, Bradler, Sven, de Vries, Jan, Irisarri, Iker, Li, He, Pamela Soltis, Mäder, Patrick, Wäldchen, Jana, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministry of Agriculture and Food (Germany), Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety, and Consumer Protection (Germany), German Research Foundation, European Commission, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Karbstein, Kevin [0000-0003-1424-6557], Kösters, Lara [0000-0002-7913-2377], Hodač, Ladislav [0000-0002-6885-1317], Hofmann, Martin [0000-0002-4440-3317], Hörandl, Elvira [0000-0002-7600-1128], Tomasello, Salvatore [0000-0001-5201-1156], Wagner, Natascha D. [0000-0001-6623-7623], Emerson, Brent C. [0000-0003-4067-9858], Albach , Dirk C. [0000-0001-9056-7382], Scheu, Stefan [0000-0003-4350-9520], Bradler, Sven [0000-0001-9307-1032], de Vries, Jan [0000-0003-3507-5195], Irisarri, Iker [0000-0002-3628-1137], Li, He [0000-0002-4591-8056], Pamela Soltis [0000-0001-9310-8659], Mäder, Patrick [0000-0001-6871-2707], Wäldchen, Jana [0000-0002-2631-1531], Karbstein, Kevin, Kösters, Lara, Hodač, Ladislav, Hofmann, Martin, Hörandl, Elvira, Tomasello, Salvatore, Wagner, Natascha D., Emerson, Brent C., Albach , Dirk C., Scheu, Stefan, Bradler, Sven, de Vries, Jan, Irisarri, Iker, Li, He, Pamela Soltis, Mäder, Patrick, and Wäldchen, Jana
Abstract: Although species are central units for biological research, recent findings in genomics are raising awareness that what we call species can be ill-founded entities due to solely morphology-based, regional species descriptions. This particularly applies to groups characterized by intricate evolutionary processes such as hybridization, polyploidy, or asexuality. Here, challenges of current integrative taxonomy (genetics/genomics + morphology + ecology, etc.) become apparent: different favored species concepts, lack of universal characters/markers, missing appropriate analytical tools for intricate evolutionary processes, and highly subjective ranking and fusion of datasets. Now, integrative taxonomy combined with artificial intelligence under a unified species concept can enable automated feature learning and data integration, and thus reduce subjectivity in species delimitation. This approach will likely accelerate revising and unraveling eukaryotic biodiversity.
Published: 2024

8. OCaR1 endows exocytic vesicles with autoregulatory competence by preventing uncontrolled Ca2+ release, exocytosis, and pancreatic tissue damage

Author: Collaborative Research Centres (Germany), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, National Institutes of Health (US), Tsvilovskyy, Volodymyr, Taberner, Francisco J., Collaborative Research Centres (Germany), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, National Institutes of Health (US), Tsvilovskyy, Volodymyr, and Taberner, Francisco J.
Abstract: Regulated exocytosis is initiated by increased Ca2+ concentrations in close spatial proximity to secretory granules, which is effectively prevented when the cell is at rest. Here we showed that exocytosis of zymogen granules in acinar cells was driven by Ca2+ directly released from acidic Ca2+ stores including secretory granules through NAADP-activated two-pore channels (TPCs). We identified OCaR1 (encoded by Tmem63a) as an organellar Ca2+ regulator protein integral to the membrane of secretory granules that controlled Ca2+ release via inhibition of TPC1 and TPC2 currents. Deletion of OCaR1 led to extensive Ca2+ release from NAADP-responsive granules under basal conditions as well as upon stimulation of GPCR receptors. Moreover, OCaR1 deletion exacerbated the disease phenotype in murine models of severe and chronic pancreatitis. Our findings showed OCaR1 as a gatekeeper of Ca2+ release that endows NAADP-sensitive secretory granules with an autoregulatory mechanism preventing uncontrolled exocytosis and pancreatic tissue damage.
Published: 2024

9. Light–matter interactions in quantum nanophotonic devices

Author: Comunidad de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), BBVA, German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), European Commission, #NODATA#, García-Ripoll, Juan José [0000-0001-8993-4624], García-Vidal, Francisco J. [0000-0003-4354-0982], González-Tudela, A., Reiserer, Andreas, García-Ripoll, Juan José, García-Vidal, Francisco J., Comunidad de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), BBVA, German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), European Commission, #NODATA#, García-Ripoll, Juan José [0000-0001-8993-4624], García-Vidal, Francisco J. [0000-0003-4354-0982], González-Tudela, A., Reiserer, Andreas, García-Ripoll, Juan José, and García-Vidal, Francisco J.
Abstract: Nanophotonics offers opportunities for engineering and exploiting the quantum properties of light by integrating quantum emitters into nanostructures, and offering reliable paths to quantum technology applications such as sources of quantum light or new quantum simulators, among many others. In this Review, we discuss common nanophotonic platforms for studying light–matter interactions, explaining their strengths and experimental state-of-the-art. Each platform works at a different interaction regime: from standard cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) setups to unique quantum nanophotonic devices, such as chiral and non-chiral waveguide QED experiments. When several quantum emitters are integrated into nanophotonic systems, collective interactions emerge, enabling miniaturized, versatile and fast-operating quantum devices. We conclude with a perspective on the near-term opportunities offered by nanophotonics in the context of quantum technologies.
Published: 2024

10. Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system

Author: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), European Commission, Government of the United Kingdom, Flores, Bernardo M. [0000-0003-4555-5598], Montoya, Encarni [0000-0002-4690-190X], Sakschewski, Boris [0000-0002-7230-9723], Nascimento, Nathália [0000-0003-4819-0811], Staal, Arie [0000-0001-5409-1436], Betts, Richard A. [0000-0002-4929-0307], Levis, Carolina [0000-0002-8425-9479], Esquível-Muelbert, Adriane [0000-0001-5335-1259], Jakovac, Catarina [0000-0002-8130-852X], Oliveira, Rafael S. [0000-0002-6392-2526], Nian, Da [0000-0002-2320-5223], Boers, Niklas [0000-0002-1239-9034], Ter Steege, Hans [0000-0002-8738-2659], Berenguer, Erika [0000-0001-8157-8792], Mattos, Caio R. C. [0000-0002-8635-3901], Hirota, Marina [0000-0002-1958-3651], Flores, Bernardo M, Montoya, Encarni, Sakschewski, Boris, Nascimento, Nathália, Staal, Arie, Betts, Richard A, Levis, Carolina, Lapola, David M, Esquível-Muelbert, Adriane, Jakovac, Catarina, Nobre, Carlos A, Oliveira, Rafael S, Borma, Laura S, Nian, Da, Boers, Niklas, Hecht, Susanna B, Ter Steege, Hans, Arieira, Julia, Lucas, Isabella L, Berenguer, Erika, Marengo, José A, Gatti, Luciana V, Mattos, Caio R C, Hirota, Marina, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), European Commission, Government of the United Kingdom, Flores, Bernardo M. [0000-0003-4555-5598], Montoya, Encarni [0000-0002-4690-190X], Sakschewski, Boris [0000-0002-7230-9723], Nascimento, Nathália [0000-0003-4819-0811], Staal, Arie [0000-0001-5409-1436], Betts, Richard A. [0000-0002-4929-0307], Levis, Carolina [0000-0002-8425-9479], Esquível-Muelbert, Adriane [0000-0001-5335-1259], Jakovac, Catarina [0000-0002-8130-852X], Oliveira, Rafael S. [0000-0002-6392-2526], Nian, Da [0000-0002-2320-5223], Boers, Niklas [0000-0002-1239-9034], Ter Steege, Hans [0000-0002-8738-2659], Berenguer, Erika [0000-0001-8157-8792], Mattos, Caio R. C. [0000-0002-8635-3901], Hirota, Marina [0000-0002-1958-3651], Flores, Bernardo M, Montoya, Encarni, Sakschewski, Boris, Nascimento, Nathália, Staal, Arie, Betts, Richard A, Levis, Carolina, Lapola, David M, Esquível-Muelbert, Adriane, Jakovac, Catarina, Nobre, Carlos A, Oliveira, Rafael S, Borma, Laura S, Nian, Da, Boers, Niklas, Hecht, Susanna B, Ter Steege, Hans, Arieira, Julia, Lucas, Isabella L, Berenguer, Erika, Marengo, José A, Gatti, Luciana V, Mattos, Caio R C, and Hirota, Marina
Abstract: The possibility that the Amazon forest system could soon reach a tipping point, inducing large-scale collapse, has raised global concern1-3. For 65 million years, Amazonian forests remained relatively resilient to climatic variability. Now, the region is increasingly exposed to unprecedented stress from warming temperatures, extreme droughts, deforestation and fires, even in central and remote parts of the system1. Long existing feedbacks between the forest and environmental conditions are being replaced by novel feedbacks that modify ecosystem resilience, increasing the risk of critical transition. Here we analyse existing evidence for five major drivers of water stress on Amazonian forests, as well as potential critical thresholds of those drivers that, if crossed, could trigger local, regional or even biome-wide forest collapse. By combining spatial information on various disturbances, we estimate that by 2050, 10% to 47% of Amazonian forests will be exposed to compounding disturbances that may trigger unexpected ecosystem transitions and potentially exacerbate regional climate change. Using examples of disturbed forests across the Amazon, we identify the three most plausible ecosystem trajectories, involving different feedbacks and environmental conditions. We discuss how the inherent complexity of the Amazon adds uncertainty about future dynamics, but also reveals opportunities for action. Keeping the Amazon forest resilient in the Anthropocene will depend on a combination of local efforts to end deforestation and degradation and to expand restoration, with global efforts to stop greenhouse gas emissions.
Published: 2024

11. Ni-Xides (B, S, and P) for alkaline OER: Shedding light on reconstruction processes and Interplay with incidental Fe impurities as synergistic activity drivers

Author: Max Planck Society, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, El-Refaei, Sayed Mahmoud, Llorens Rauret, David, Garzón Manjón, Alba, Spanos, Ioannis, Zeradjanin, Aleksandar, Dieckhöfer, Stefan, Arbiol, Jordi, Schuhmann, Wolfgang, Masa, Justus, Max Planck Society, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, El-Refaei, Sayed Mahmoud, Llorens Rauret, David, Garzón Manjón, Alba, Spanos, Ioannis, Zeradjanin, Aleksandar, Dieckhöfer, Stefan, Arbiol, Jordi, Schuhmann, Wolfgang, and Masa, Justus
Abstract: Ni-Xides (X = B, P, or S) exhibit intriguing properties that have endeared them for electrocatalytic water splitting. However, the role of B, P, and S, among others, in tailoring the catalytic performance of the Ni-Xides remains vaguely understood, especially if they are studied in unpurified KOH (Un-KOH) because of the renowned impact of incidental Fe impurities. Therefore, decoupling the effect induced by Fe impurities from inherent material reconstruction processes necessitates investigation of the materials in purified KOH solutions (P-KOH). Herein, studies of the OER on Ni2B, Ni2P, and Ni3S2 in P-KOH and Un-KOH coupled with in situ Raman spectroscopy, ex situ post-electrocatalysis, and online dissolution studies by ICP-OES are used to unveil the distinctive role of Ni-Xide reconstruction and the role of Fe impurities and their interplay on the electrocatalytic behavior of the three Ni-Xide precatalysts during the OER. There was essentially no difference in the OER activity and the electrochemical Ni2+/Ni3+ redox activation fingerprints of the three precatalysts via cyclic voltammetry in P-KOH, whereas their OER activity was considerably higher in Un-KOH with marked differences in the intrinsic activity and evolution of the Ni2+/Ni3+ fingerprint redox peaks. Thus, in the absence of Fe in the electrolyte (P-KOH), neither the nature of the guest element (B, P, and S) nor the underlying reconstruction processes are decisive activity drivers. This underscores the crucial role played by incidental Fe impurities on the OER activity of Ni-Xide precatalysts, which until now has been overlooked. In situ Raman spectroscopy revealed that the nickel hydroxide derived from Ni2B exhibits higher disorder than in the case of Ni2P and Ni3S2, both exhibiting a similar degree of disorder. The guest elements thus influence the degree of disorder of the formed nickel oxyhydroxides, which through their synergistic interaction with incidental Fe impurities concertedly realize high OER
Published: 2024

12. Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

Author: European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Hermon Slade Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), National Science Foundation (US), National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Asia Foundation, Northern Arizona University, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Ministerio de Universidades (España), Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Ding, Jingyi [0000-0002-4120-6318], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Gross, Nicolas [0000-0001-9730-3240], Mallen-Cooper, Max [0000-0002-8799-8728], Ochoa, Victoria [0000-0002-2055-2094], Gozalo, Beatriz [0000-0003-3082-4695], Guirado, Emilio [0000-0001-5348-7391], García-Gómez, Miguel [0000-0003-3148-1495], Valencia, Enrique [0000-0003-3359-0759], Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime [0000-0001-5859-5674], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Abedi, Mehdi [0000-0002-1499-0119], Ahmadian , Negar [0000-0003-1191-3019], Ahumada, Rodrigo J. [0000-0002-7246-4459], Alcántara, Julio M. [0000-0002-8003-7844], Amghar, Fateh [0000-0003-0379-7273], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Blaum, Niels [0000-0001-6807-5162], Boldgiv, Bazartseren [0000-0003-0015-8142], Browker, Matthew A. [0000-0002-5891-0264], Bran, Donaldo [0000-0001-7749-2726], Bu, Chongfeng [0000-0002-5839-7229], Canessa, Rafaella [0000-0002-6979-9880], Castro, Ignacio [0000-0002-7594-6824], Castro-Quezada, Patricio [0000-0002-2366-2256], Cesarz, Simone [0000-0003-2334-5119], Conceição, Abel A. [0000-0001-7461-0133], Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony [0000-0002-2825-7962], Davila, Yvonne C. [0000-0002-5144-5742], Deák, Balázs [0000-0001-6938-1997], Donoso, David [0000-0002-3408-1457], Dougill, Andrew [0000-0002-3422-8228], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Espinosa, Carlos Iván [0000-0002-5330-4505], Fajardo, Alex [0000-0002-2202-6207], Farzam, Mohammad [0000-0003-1947-0187], Fraser, L. H. [0000-0003-3998-5540], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Hernández, Rosa M. [0000-0003-0689-8862], Jadán, Oswaldo. [0000-0002-7865-2418], Jentsch, Anke [0000-0002-2345-8300], Kaseke, Kudzai Farai [0000-0002-3856-0711], Köbel, Melanie [0000-0001-8272-7999], Lehmann, Anika [0000-0002-9101-9297], Liancourt, Pierre [0000-0002-3109-8755], Linstädter, Anja [0000-0003-0038-9557], Low, Michelle A. [0000-0002-2148-9752], Maggs Kölling, Gillian [0000-0003-3296-8553], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Malam Issa, Oumarou [0000-0001-8357-914X], Marais, Eugene [0000-0001-7155-9942], Mendoza, Betty [0000-0003-1149-7801], Mora, Juan P. [0000-0002-6335-0150], Moreno, Gerardo [0000-0001-8053-2696], Munson, Seth M. [0000-0002-2736-6374], Nunes, Alice [0000-0002-6900-3838], Oliva, Gabriel [0000-0002-7839-8851], Oñatibia, Gastón [0000-0003-2329-6601], Peter, Guadalupe [0000-0002-7792-7045], Pueyo, Yolanda [0000-0001-6970-7790], Quiroga, R Emiliano [0000-0001-9785-451X], Reed, Sasha C. [0000-0002-8597-8619], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Rey, P.J. [0000-0001-5550-0393], Rolo, Víctor [0000-0001-5854-9512], Rillig, Matthias C. [0000-0003-3541-7853], Le Roux, Peter C. [0000-0002-7941-7444], Salah, Ayman [0000-0003-0596-1292], Stavi, Ilan [0000-0001-9725-0003], Stephens, Colton R. A. [0000-0002-8744-6405], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Thomas, Andrew [0000-0002-1360-1687], Travers, Samantha [0000-0002-6252-1667], Valkó, Orsolya [0000-0001-7919-6293], van den Brink, Liesbeth [0000-0003-0313-8147], Velbert, Frederike [0000-0003-0499-3807], von Heßberg, Andreas [0009-0007-0303-3624], Wamiti, Wanyoike [0000-0001-7300-2101], Wang, Deli [0000-0001-6576-9193], Wang, Lixin [0000-0003-0968-1247], Wardle, Glenda M. [0000-0003-0189-1899], Yahdjian, Laura [0000-0002-9635-1221], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Yuanming, Zhang [0000-0003-1370-4181], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, O., Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Sáiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew, Tielbörger, Katja, Torres Robles, Silvia, Travers, Samantha, Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Gozalo, Beatriz, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Yuanming, Zhang, Zhou, Xiaobing, Maestre, Fernando T., Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza de Carlos, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian , Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Browker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David, Dougill, Andrew, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Iván, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, L. H., Gaitán, Juan J., Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hölzel, Norbert, Mendes Hughes, Frederic, Jadán, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai Farai, Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Low, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Malam Issa, Oumarou, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty, Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón, Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Rey, Ana, Rey, P.J., Reyes Gómez, Víctor Manuel, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., Le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan C., Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton R. A., European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Hermon Slade Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), National Science Foundation (US), National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Asia Foundation, Northern Arizona University, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Ministerio de Universidades (España), Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Ding, Jingyi [0000-0002-4120-6318], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Gross, Nicolas [0000-0001-9730-3240], Mallen-Cooper, Max [0000-0002-8799-8728], Ochoa, Victoria [0000-0002-2055-2094], Gozalo, Beatriz [0000-0003-3082-4695], Guirado, Emilio [0000-0001-5348-7391], García-Gómez, Miguel [0000-0003-3148-1495], Valencia, Enrique [0000-0003-3359-0759], Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime [0000-0001-5859-5674], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Abedi, Mehdi [0000-0002-1499-0119], Ahmadian , Negar [0000-0003-1191-3019], Ahumada, Rodrigo J. [0000-0002-7246-4459], Alcántara, Julio M. [0000-0002-8003-7844], Amghar, Fateh [0000-0003-0379-7273], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Blaum, Niels [0000-0001-6807-5162], Boldgiv, Bazartseren [0000-0003-0015-8142], Browker, Matthew A. [0000-0002-5891-0264], Bran, Donaldo [0000-0001-7749-2726], Bu, Chongfeng [0000-0002-5839-7229], Canessa, Rafaella [0000-0002-6979-9880], Castro, Ignacio [0000-0002-7594-6824], Castro-Quezada, Patricio [0000-0002-2366-2256], Cesarz, Simone [0000-0003-2334-5119], Conceição, Abel A. [0000-0001-7461-0133], Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony [0000-0002-2825-7962], Davila, Yvonne C. [0000-0002-5144-5742], Deák, Balázs [0000-0001-6938-1997], Donoso, David [0000-0002-3408-1457], Dougill, Andrew [0000-0002-3422-8228], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Espinosa, Carlos Iván [0000-0002-5330-4505], Fajardo, Alex [0000-0002-2202-6207], Farzam, Mohammad [0000-0003-1947-0187], Fraser, L. H. [0000-0003-3998-5540], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Hernández, Rosa M. [0000-0003-0689-8862], Jadán, Oswaldo. [0000-0002-7865-2418], Jentsch, Anke [0000-0002-2345-8300], Kaseke, Kudzai Farai [0000-0002-3856-0711], Köbel, Melanie [0000-0001-8272-7999], Lehmann, Anika [0000-0002-9101-9297], Liancourt, Pierre [0000-0002-3109-8755], Linstädter, Anja [0000-0003-0038-9557], Low, Michelle A. [0000-0002-2148-9752], Maggs Kölling, Gillian [0000-0003-3296-8553], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Malam Issa, Oumarou [0000-0001-8357-914X], Marais, Eugene [0000-0001-7155-9942], Mendoza, Betty [0000-0003-1149-7801], Mora, Juan P. [0000-0002-6335-0150], Moreno, Gerardo [0000-0001-8053-2696], Munson, Seth M. [0000-0002-2736-6374], Nunes, Alice [0000-0002-6900-3838], Oliva, Gabriel [0000-0002-7839-8851], Oñatibia, Gastón [0000-0003-2329-6601], Peter, Guadalupe [0000-0002-7792-7045], Pueyo, Yolanda [0000-0001-6970-7790], Quiroga, R Emiliano [0000-0001-9785-451X], Reed, Sasha C. [0000-0002-8597-8619], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Rey, P.J. [0000-0001-5550-0393], Rolo, Víctor [0000-0001-5854-9512], Rillig, Matthias C. [0000-0003-3541-7853], Le Roux, Peter C. [0000-0002-7941-7444], Salah, Ayman [0000-0003-0596-1292], Stavi, Ilan [0000-0001-9725-0003], Stephens, Colton R. A. [0000-0002-8744-6405], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Thomas, Andrew [0000-0002-1360-1687], Travers, Samantha [0000-0002-6252-1667], Valkó, Orsolya [0000-0001-7919-6293], van den Brink, Liesbeth [0000-0003-0313-8147], Velbert, Frederike [0000-0003-0499-3807], von Heßberg, Andreas [0009-0007-0303-3624], Wamiti, Wanyoike [0000-0001-7300-2101], Wang, Deli [0000-0001-6576-9193], Wang, Lixin [0000-0003-0968-1247], Wardle, Glenda M. [0000-0003-0189-1899], Yahdjian, Laura [0000-0002-9635-1221], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Yuanming, Zhang [0000-0003-1370-4181], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, O., Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Sáiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew, Tielbörger, Katja, Torres Robles, Silvia, Travers, Samantha, Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Gozalo, Beatriz, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Yuanming, Zhang, Zhou, Xiaobing, Maestre, Fernando T., Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza de Carlos, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian , Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Browker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David, Dougill, Andrew, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Iván, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, L. H., Gaitán, Juan J., Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hölzel, Norbert, Mendes Hughes, Frederic, Jadán, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai Farai, Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Low, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Malam Issa, Oumarou, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty, Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón, Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Rey, Ana, Rey, P.J., Reyes Gómez, Víctor Manuel, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., Le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan C., Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, and Stephens, Colton R. A.
Abstract: Perennial plants create productive and biodiverse hotspots, known as fertile islands, beneath their canopies. These hotspots largely determine the structure and functioning of drylands worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the factors controlling fertile islands under conditions of contrasting grazing by livestock, the most prevalent land use in drylands, remain virtually unknown. Here we evaluated the relative importance of grazing pressure and herbivore type, climate and plant functional traits on 24 soil physical and chemical attributes that represent proxies of key ecosystem services related to decomposition, soil fertility, and soil and water conservation. To do this, we conducted a standardized global survey of 288 plots at 88 sites in 25 countries worldwide. We show that aridity and plant traits are the major factors associated with the magnitude of plant effects on fertile islands in grazed drylands worldwide. Grazing pressure had little influence on the capacity of plants to support fertile islands. Taller and wider shrubs and grasses supported stronger island effects. Stable and functional soils tended to be linked to species-rich sites with taller plants. Together, our findings dispel the notion that grazing pressure or herbivore type are linked to the formation or intensification of fertile islands in drylands. Rather, our study suggests that changes in aridity, and processes that alter island identity and therefore plant traits, will have marked effects on how perennial plants support and maintain the functioning of drylands in a more arid and grazed world.
Published: 2024

13. Meadow trophic status regulates the nitrogen filter function of tropical seagrasses in seasonally eutrophic coastal waters

Author: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Xunta de Galicia, Thomsen, Esther, Herbeck, Lucia S., Viana, Inés G., Jennerjahn, Tim C., Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Xunta de Galicia, Thomsen, Esther, Herbeck, Lucia S., Viana, Inés G., and Jennerjahn, Tim C.
Abstract: The nutrient filter function is an important ecosystem service of seagrass meadows that mitigates the consequences of coastal eutrophication. In northeast Hainan in China, large seagrass areas were lost due to chronic eutrophication induced by untreated pond aquaculture effluents. However, in adjacent areas, seagrasses could survive due to seasonal exposure (i.e., not chronic) to eutrophication only. In a way, the conditions in these areas represent a transitional environment which allows investigating the effect of eutrophication on seagrass performance and their nitrogen uptake capacity. We tested how a 4-week in situ nutrient enrichment affected inorganic nitrogen uptake rates of a multispecies seagrass meadow in eutrophic and non-eutrophic seasons, in light and in darkness. All species maintained nitrogen uptake in the dark and preferred ammonium over nitrate. In the eutrophic season, the seagrass leaf biomass and growth were lower resulting in a lower nitrogen filter capacity. Among the species present, Cymodocea rotundata and Cymodocea serrulata covered 48% and 45%, respectively, of their daily nitrogen demand for leaf growth through leaf uptake from the water column, while it was only 30% for Thalassia hemprichii, the last remaining species in meadows degraded by eutrophication, as deduced from previous studies. It indicates that a multispecies seagrass meadow has a higher nitrogen filter capacity than a monospecific T. hemprichii meadow. By reducing seagrass diversity and, hence, the nitrogen filter function, eutrophication triggers a self-reinforcing process. Once the nitrogen filtering capacity of a seagrass meadow is exhausted, further eutrophication and seagrass loss are expected.
Published: 2023

14. Using network analysis to explore the validity and influential items of the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39

Author: Projekt DEAL, German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation, Schönenberg, Aline, Santos-García, Diego, Mir, Pablo, Wu, Jian-Jun, Heimrich, Konstantin G., Mühlhammer, Hannah M., Prell, Tino, Projekt DEAL, German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation, Schönenberg, Aline, Santos-García, Diego, Mir, Pablo, Wu, Jian-Jun, Heimrich, Konstantin G., Mühlhammer, Hannah M., and Prell, Tino
Abstract: Quality of life (QoL) in people with Parkinson´s disease (PD) is commonly measured with the PD questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39), but its factor structure and construct validity have been questioned. To develop effective interventions to improve QoL, it is crucial to understand the connection between different PDQ-39 items and to assess the validity of PDQ-39 subscales. With a new approach based on network analysis using the extended Bayesian Information Criterion Graphical Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (EBICglasso) followed by factor analysis, we mostly replicated the original PDQ-39 subscales in two samples of PD patients (total N = 977). However, model fit was better when the "ignored" item was categorized into the social support instead of the communication subscale. In both study cohorts, "depressive mood", "feeling isolated", "feeling embarrassed", and "having trouble getting around in public/needing company when going out" were identified as highly connected variables. This network approach can help to illustrate the relationship between different symptoms and direct interventional approaches in a more effective manner.
Published: 2023

15. The Impact of Nonmotor Symptoms on Health-Related Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Network Analysis Approach

Author: German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Heimrich, Konstantin G. [0000-0001-9997-2202], Schönenberg, Aline [0000-0003-2913-9535], Santos-García, Diego [0000-0002-3126-5111], Mir, Pablo [0000-0003-1656-302X], Prell, Tino [0000-0002-6423-3108], Heimrich, Konstantin G., Schönenberg, Aline, Santos-García, Diego, Mir, Pablo, COPPADIS Study Group, Prell, Tino, German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Heimrich, Konstantin G. [0000-0001-9997-2202], Schönenberg, Aline [0000-0003-2913-9535], Santos-García, Diego [0000-0002-3126-5111], Mir, Pablo [0000-0003-1656-302X], Prell, Tino [0000-0002-6423-3108], Heimrich, Konstantin G., Schönenberg, Aline, Santos-García, Diego, Mir, Pablo, COPPADIS Study Group, and Prell, Tino
Abstract: Nonmotor symptoms negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is unknown which nonmotor symptoms are most commonly associated with HRQoL. Considering the complex interacting network of various nonmotor symptoms and HRQoL, this study aimed to reveal the network structure, explained HRQoL variance, and identify the nonmotor symptoms that primarily affect HRQoL. We included 689 patients with PD from the Cohort of Patients with Parkinson's Disease in Spain (COPPADIS) study who were rated on the Nonmotor Symptoms Scale in Parkinson's disease (NMSS) and the Parkinson´s Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39) at baseline. Network analyses were performed for the 30 items of the NMSS and both the PDQ-39 summary index and eight subscales. The nodewise predictability, edge weights, strength centrality, and bridge strength were determined. In PD, nonmotor symptoms are closely associated with the mobility, emotional well-being, cognition, and bodily discomfort subscales of the PDQ-39. The most influential nonmotor symptoms were found to be fatigue, feeling sad, hyperhidrosis, impaired concentration, and daytime sleepiness. Further research is needed to confirm whether influencing these non-motor symptoms can improve HRQoL.
Published: 2023

16. Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity

Author: Estonian Science Foundation, Estonian Research Council, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Baltic Research Cooperation Programme, King Saud University, European Commission, British Ecological Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Swedish Research Council, Ghent University, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Academy of Finland, National Science Foundation (US), Czech Science Foundation, Carlsberg Foundation, Qatar Petroleum, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina), Yunnan Province, Leopold III-Fonds, Research Foundation - Flanders, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Mikryukov, Vladimir [0000-0003-2786-2690], Dulya, Olesya [0000-0002-7185-8659], Zizka, Alexander [0000-0002-1680-9192], Bahram, Mohammad [0000-0002-9539-3307], Hagh-Doust, Niloufar [0000-0003-0616-5829], Anslan, Sten [0000-0002-2299-454X], Prylutskyi, Oleh [0000-0001-5730-517X], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Nilsson, Henrik [0000-0002-8052-0107], Pärn, Jaan [0000-0001-6507-8894], Öpik, Maarja [0000-0001-8025-7460], Moora, Mari [0000-0002-4819-7506], Zobel, Martin [0000-0001-7957-6704], Espenberg, Mikk [0000-0003-0469-6394], Mander, Ülo [0000-0003-2340-6989], Khalid, Abdul Nasir [0000-0002-5635-8031], Corrales, Adriana [0000-0001-9885-4634], Agan, Ahto [0000-0001-9010-8944], Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M. [0000-0003-0539-9711], Rinaldi, Andrea [0000-0002-9352-1037], Verbeken, A. [0000-0002-6266-3091], Sulistyo, Bobby [0000-0002-5203-4822], Furneaux, Brendan [0000-0003-3522-7363], Duarte Ritter, Camila [0000-0002-3371-7425], Nyamukondiwa, Casper [0000-0002-0395-4980], Sharp, Cathy [0009-0003-4985-1543], Marín, César [0000-0002-2529-8929], Gohar, Daniyal [0000-0003-0312-1142], Klavina, Darta [0000-0002-1455-9062], Dai, Dong Qin [0000-0001-8935-8807], Nouhra, Eduardo [0000-0002-7080-8211], Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth [0000-0002-9877-2177], Rähn, Elisabeth [0009-0005-5521-4772], Cameron, Erin [0000-0002-3374-9830], Crop, Eske de [0000-0002-9067-6981], Otsing. Eveli [0000-0001-7416-257X], Albornoz, Felipe [0000-0001-9526-0945], Brearley, Francis [0000-0001-5053-5693], Buegger, Franz [0000-0003-3526-4711], Zahn, Geoffrey [0000-0002-8691-692X], Bonito, Gregory [0000-0002-7262-8978], Hiiesalu, Inga [0000-0002-5457-2376], Barrio, Isabel [0000-0002-8120-5248], Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob [0000-0003-4713-6004], Doležal, Jiří [0000-0002-5829-4051], Kupagme, John [0000-0002-9981-050X], Maciá-Vicente, José [0000-0002-7174-7270], Geml, József [0000-0001-8745-0423], Alatalo, Juha [0000-0001-5084-850X], Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta [0000-0002-5581-7443], Põldmaa, Kadri [0000-0002-7936-2455], Runnel, Kadrid [0000-0002-7308-3623], Bråthen, Kari Anne [0000-0003-0942-1074], Pritsch, Karin [0000-0001-6384-2473], Newsham, Kevin K. [0000-0002-9108-0936], Panksep, Kristel [0000-0003-4743-6111], Lateef, Adebola A. [0000-0002-0510-7996], Lamit, Louis J. [0000-0002-0385-6010], Saba, M. [0000-0001-7673-2345], Tuomi, Maria [0000-0002-7154-5177], Gryzenhout, M. [0000-0002-9224-4277], Bauters, Marijn [0000-0003-0978-6639], Wijayawardene, Nalin N. [0000-0003-0522-5498], Yorou, Nourou [0000-0001-6997-811X], Kurina, Olavi [0000-0002-4858-4629], Mortimer, Peter [0000-0003-3188-9327], Kohout, Petr [0000-0002-3985-2310], Puusepp, Rasmus [0000-0002-0617-3776], Garibay-Orijel, Roberto [0000-0002-6977-7550], Godoy, Roberto [0000-0002-3719-3091], Alkahtani, Saad [0000-0001-7381-5110], Rahimlou, Saleh [0000-0003-0427-1329], Dudov, Sergey [0000-0003-1512-0956], Ghosh, Soumya [0000-0002-4945-3516], Mundra, Sunil [0000-0002-0535-118X], Ahmed, Talaat [0000-0001-8022-1855], Netherway, Tarquin [0000-0002-9049-9225], Henkel, Terry [0000-0001-9760-8837], Roslin, Tomas [0000-0002-2957-4791], Nteziryayo, Vincent [0000-0002-0176-5780], Fedosov, V. [0000-0002-5331-6346], Lim, Young Woon [0000-0003-2864-3449], Van Nuland, Michael [0000-0002-3333-0212], Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. [0000-0002-9584-2109], Antonelli, Alexandre [0000-0003-1842-9297], Kõljalg, Urmas [0000-0002-5171-1668], Abarenkov, K. [0000-0001-5526-4845, Tedersoo, Leho [0000-0002-1635-1249], Mikryukov, Vladimir, Dulya, Olesya, Zizka, Alexander, Bahram, Mohammad, Hagh-Doust, Niloufar, Anslan, Sten, Prylutskyi, Oleh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Maestre, Fernando T., Nilsson, Henrik, Pärn, Jaan, Ahmed, Talaat, Netherway, Tarquin, Henkel, Terry, Roslin, Tomas, Nteziryayo, Vincent, Fedosov, V., Onipchenko, Vladimir, Yasanthika, W. A. Erand, Lim, Young Woon, Van Nuland, Michael, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Antonelli, Alexandre, Kõljalg, Urmas, Abarenkov, K., Tedersoo, Leho, Öpik, Maarja, Moora, Mari, Zobel, Martin, Espenberg, Mikk, Mander, Ülo, Khalid, Abdul Nasir, Corrales, Adriana, Agan, Ahto, Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M., Saitta, A., Rinaldi, Andrea, Verbeken, A., Sulistyo, Bobby, Tamgnoue, Boris, Furneaux, Brendan, Duarte Ritter, Camila, Nyamukondiwa, Casper, Sharp, Cathy, Marín, César, Gohar, Daniyal, Klavina, Darta, Sharmah, Dipon, Dai, Dong Qin, Nouhra, Eduardo, Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth, Rähn, Elisabeth, Cameron, Erin, Crop, Eske de, Otsing. Eveli, Albornoz, Felipe, Brearley, Francis, Buegger, Franz, Zahn, Geoffrey, Bonito, Gregory, Hiiesalu, Inga, Barrio, Isabel, Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, Ankuda, Jelena, Doležal, Jiří, Kupagme, John, Maciá-Vicente, José, Djeugap Fovo, Joseph, Geml, József, Alatalo, Juha M., Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta, Põldmaa, Kadri, Runnel, Kadrid, Adamson, Kalev, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Pritsch, Karin, Tchan, Kassim I., Armolaitis, Kęstutis, Hyde, K.D., Newsham, Kevin K., Panksep, Kristel, Lateef, Adebola A., Hansson, Linda, Lamit, Louis J., Saba, M., Tuomi, Maria, Gryzenhout, M., Bauters, Marijn, Piepenbring, M., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Yorou, Nourou, Kurina, Olavi, Mortimer, Peter, Meidl, Peter, Kohout, Petr, Puusepp, Rasmus, Drenkhan, Rein, Garibay-Orijel, Roberto, Godoy, Roberto, Alkahtani, Saad, Rahimlou, Saleh, Dudov, Sergey, Polme, Sergei, Ghosh, Soumya, Mundra, Sunil, Estonian Science Foundation, Estonian Research Council, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Baltic Research Cooperation Programme, King Saud University, European Commission, British Ecological Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Swedish Research Council, Ghent University, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Academy of Finland, National Science Foundation (US), Czech Science Foundation, Carlsberg Foundation, Qatar Petroleum, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina), Yunnan Province, Leopold III-Fonds, Research Foundation - Flanders, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Mikryukov, Vladimir [0000-0003-2786-2690], Dulya, Olesya [0000-0002-7185-8659], Zizka, Alexander [0000-0002-1680-9192], Bahram, Mohammad [0000-0002-9539-3307], Hagh-Doust, Niloufar [0000-0003-0616-5829], Anslan, Sten [0000-0002-2299-454X], Prylutskyi, Oleh [0000-0001-5730-517X], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Nilsson, Henrik [0000-0002-8052-0107], Pärn, Jaan [0000-0001-6507-8894], Öpik, Maarja [0000-0001-8025-7460], Moora, Mari [0000-0002-4819-7506], Zobel, Martin [0000-0001-7957-6704], Espenberg, Mikk [0000-0003-0469-6394], Mander, Ülo [0000-0003-2340-6989], Khalid, Abdul Nasir [0000-0002-5635-8031], Corrales, Adriana [0000-0001-9885-4634], Agan, Ahto [0000-0001-9010-8944], Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M. [0000-0003-0539-9711], Rinaldi, Andrea [0000-0002-9352-1037], Verbeken, A. [0000-0002-6266-3091], Sulistyo, Bobby [0000-0002-5203-4822], Furneaux, Brendan [0000-0003-3522-7363], Duarte Ritter, Camila [0000-0002-3371-7425], Nyamukondiwa, Casper [0000-0002-0395-4980], Sharp, Cathy [0009-0003-4985-1543], Marín, César [0000-0002-2529-8929], Gohar, Daniyal [0000-0003-0312-1142], Klavina, Darta [0000-0002-1455-9062], Dai, Dong Qin [0000-0001-8935-8807], Nouhra, Eduardo [0000-0002-7080-8211], Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth [0000-0002-9877-2177], Rähn, Elisabeth [0009-0005-5521-4772], Cameron, Erin [0000-0002-3374-9830], Crop, Eske de [0000-0002-9067-6981], Otsing. Eveli [0000-0001-7416-257X], Albornoz, Felipe [0000-0001-9526-0945], Brearley, Francis [0000-0001-5053-5693], Buegger, Franz [0000-0003-3526-4711], Zahn, Geoffrey [0000-0002-8691-692X], Bonito, Gregory [0000-0002-7262-8978], Hiiesalu, Inga [0000-0002-5457-2376], Barrio, Isabel [0000-0002-8120-5248], Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob [0000-0003-4713-6004], Doležal, Jiří [0000-0002-5829-4051], Kupagme, John [0000-0002-9981-050X], Maciá-Vicente, José [0000-0002-7174-7270], Geml, József [0000-0001-8745-0423], Alatalo, Juha [0000-0001-5084-850X], Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta [0000-0002-5581-7443], Põldmaa, Kadri [0000-0002-7936-2455], Runnel, Kadrid [0000-0002-7308-3623], Bråthen, Kari Anne [0000-0003-0942-1074], Pritsch, Karin [0000-0001-6384-2473], Newsham, Kevin K. [0000-0002-9108-0936], Panksep, Kristel [0000-0003-4743-6111], Lateef, Adebola A. [0000-0002-0510-7996], Lamit, Louis J. [0000-0002-0385-6010], Saba, M. [0000-0001-7673-2345], Tuomi, Maria [0000-0002-7154-5177], Gryzenhout, M. [0000-0002-9224-4277], Bauters, Marijn [0000-0003-0978-6639], Wijayawardene, Nalin N. [0000-0003-0522-5498], Yorou, Nourou [0000-0001-6997-811X], Kurina, Olavi [0000-0002-4858-4629], Mortimer, Peter [0000-0003-3188-9327], Kohout, Petr [0000-0002-3985-2310], Puusepp, Rasmus [0000-0002-0617-3776], Garibay-Orijel, Roberto [0000-0002-6977-7550], Godoy, Roberto [0000-0002-3719-3091], Alkahtani, Saad [0000-0001-7381-5110], Rahimlou, Saleh [0000-0003-0427-1329], Dudov, Sergey [0000-0003-1512-0956], Ghosh, Soumya [0000-0002-4945-3516], Mundra, Sunil [0000-0002-0535-118X], Ahmed, Talaat [0000-0001-8022-1855], Netherway, Tarquin [0000-0002-9049-9225], Henkel, Terry [0000-0001-9760-8837], Roslin, Tomas [0000-0002-2957-4791], Nteziryayo, Vincent [0000-0002-0176-5780], Fedosov, V. [0000-0002-5331-6346], Lim, Young Woon [0000-0003-2864-3449], Van Nuland, Michael [0000-0002-3333-0212], Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. [0000-0002-9584-2109], Antonelli, Alexandre [0000-0003-1842-9297], Kõljalg, Urmas [0000-0002-5171-1668], Abarenkov, K. [0000-0001-5526-4845, Tedersoo, Leho [0000-0002-1635-1249], Mikryukov, Vladimir, Dulya, Olesya, Zizka, Alexander, Bahram, Mohammad, Hagh-Doust, Niloufar, Anslan, Sten, Prylutskyi, Oleh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Maestre, Fernando T., Nilsson, Henrik, Pärn, Jaan, Ahmed, Talaat, Netherway, Tarquin, Henkel, Terry, Roslin, Tomas, Nteziryayo, Vincent, Fedosov, V., Onipchenko, Vladimir, Yasanthika, W. A. Erand, Lim, Young Woon, Van Nuland, Michael, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Antonelli, Alexandre, Kõljalg, Urmas, Abarenkov, K., Tedersoo, Leho, Öpik, Maarja, Moora, Mari, Zobel, Martin, Espenberg, Mikk, Mander, Ülo, Khalid, Abdul Nasir, Corrales, Adriana, Agan, Ahto, Vasco-Palacios, Aída-M., Saitta, A., Rinaldi, Andrea, Verbeken, A., Sulistyo, Bobby, Tamgnoue, Boris, Furneaux, Brendan, Duarte Ritter, Camila, Nyamukondiwa, Casper, Sharp, Cathy, Marín, César, Gohar, Daniyal, Klavina, Darta, Sharmah, Dipon, Dai, Dong Qin, Nouhra, Eduardo, Machteld Biersma, Elisabeth, Rähn, Elisabeth, Cameron, Erin, Crop, Eske de, Otsing. Eveli, Albornoz, Felipe, Brearley, Francis, Buegger, Franz, Zahn, Geoffrey, Bonito, Gregory, Hiiesalu, Inga, Barrio, Isabel, Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, Ankuda, Jelena, Doležal, Jiří, Kupagme, John, Maciá-Vicente, José, Djeugap Fovo, Joseph, Geml, József, Alatalo, Juha M., Álvarez-Manjarrez, Julieta, Põldmaa, Kadri, Runnel, Kadrid, Adamson, Kalev, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Pritsch, Karin, Tchan, Kassim I., Armolaitis, Kęstutis, Hyde, K.D., Newsham, Kevin K., Panksep, Kristel, Lateef, Adebola A., Hansson, Linda, Lamit, Louis J., Saba, M., Tuomi, Maria, Gryzenhout, M., Bauters, Marijn, Piepenbring, M., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Yorou, Nourou, Kurina, Olavi, Mortimer, Peter, Meidl, Peter, Kohout, Petr, Puusepp, Rasmus, Drenkhan, Rein, Garibay-Orijel, Roberto, Godoy, Roberto, Alkahtani, Saad, Rahimlou, Saleh, Dudov, Sergey, Polme, Sergei, Ghosh, Soumya, and Mundra, Sunil
Abstract: How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering the management of this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate the distributions and drivers of different levels of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of fungi and their ecological groups. We show the impact of precipitation and temperature interactions on local fungal species richness (alpha diversity) across different climates. Our findings reveal how temperature drives fungal compositional turnover (beta diversity) and phylogenetic diversity, linking them with regional species richness (gamma diversity). We integrate fungi into the principles of global biodiversity distribution and present detailed maps for biodiversity conservation and modeling of global ecological processes.
Published: 2023

17. Chronotypes-personality behavioural syndromes in wild marine fish

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Govern de les Illes Balears, European Commission, Martorell Barceló, Martina, Signaroli, Marco, Barceló-Serra, Margarida, Lana, Arancha, Aspillaga, Eneko, Garau, Amalia, Arlinghaus, Robert, Alós, Josep, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Govern de les Illes Balears, European Commission, Martorell Barceló, Martina, Signaroli, Marco, Barceló-Serra, Margarida, Lana, Arancha, Aspillaga, Eneko, Garau, Amalia, Arlinghaus, Robert, and Alós, Josep
Abstract: Chronotypes, the individual differences in daily activity timing, have profound associations with numerous physiological processes. Despite this, the covariance between chronotypes and other aspects of an individual's behaviour has been infrequently explored in non-human animals. This study delves into individual's variation across four axes of personality in a controlled environment, utilising the pearly razorfish, a model species for fish chronotype studies. We identified behavioural types across the aggressiveness continuum and established behavioural syndromes amongst exploration, activity, and boldness, irrespective of body size and condition. Subsequent to this, the experimental subjects were reintroduced to their natural habitat and individually tracked using high-resolution technology to ascertain their chronotypes. Our results revealed that whilst the exploration-activity-boldness syndrome bore no correlation with chronotypes, a significant association was observed between aggressiveness and chronotype. Hence, individuals with later awakening times and rest onsets were more aggressive than their counterparts with earlier awakening times and rest onsets. This study provides pioneering evidence linking fish chronotypes with other behavioural traits, such as aggressiveness, suggesting that behavioural variation could be potentially linked to the individuals' variation in internal clocks and the environmental variables influencing their expression.
Published: 2023

18. Social media data for environmental sustainability: A critical review of opportunities, threats, and ethical use

Author: Israel Science Foundation, European Commission, National Science Foundation (US), German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, University of Washington, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Academy of Finland, Kone Foundation, Provincia autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige, Ghermandi, Andrea [0000-0002-9403-4265], Ghermandi, Andrea, Langemeyer, Johannes, Berkel, Derek van, Calcagni, Fulvia, Depietri, Yaella, Egarter Vigl, Lukas, Fox, Nathan, Havinga, Ilan, Jäger, Hieronymus, Kaiser, Nina, Karasov, Oleksandr, McPhearson, Timon, Podschun, Simone, Ruiz-Frau, Ana, Sinclair, Michael, Venohr, Markus, Wood, Spencer A., Israel Science Foundation, European Commission, National Science Foundation (US), German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, University of Washington, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Academy of Finland, Kone Foundation, Provincia autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige, Ghermandi, Andrea [0000-0002-9403-4265], Ghermandi, Andrea, Langemeyer, Johannes, Berkel, Derek van, Calcagni, Fulvia, Depietri, Yaella, Egarter Vigl, Lukas, Fox, Nathan, Havinga, Ilan, Jäger, Hieronymus, Kaiser, Nina, Karasov, Oleksandr, McPhearson, Timon, Podschun, Simone, Ruiz-Frau, Ana, Sinclair, Michael, Venohr, Markus, and Wood, Spencer A.
Abstract: Social media data are transforming sustainability science. However, challenges from restrictions in data accessibility and ethical concerns regarding potential data misuse have threatened this nascent field. Here, we review the literature on the use of social media data in environmental and sustainability research. We find that they can play a novel and irreplaceable role in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals by allowing a nuanced understanding of human-nature interactions at scale, observing the dynamics of social-ecological change, and investigating the co-construction of nature values. We reveal threats to data access and highlight scientific responsibility to address trade-offs between research transparency and privacy protection, while promoting inclusivity. This contributes to a wider societal debate of social media data for sustainability science and for the common good.
Published: 2023

19. Could green infrastructure supplement ecosystem service provision from semi-natural grasslands?

Author: Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Hooftman, Danny [0000-0001-9835-6897], Kimberley, Adam [0000-0002-0807-9943], Honnay, Olivier [0000-0002-4287-8511], Krickl, Patricia [0000-0002-6694-3859], Bullocks, James M. [0000-0003-0529-4020], Hooftman, Danny, Kimberley, Adam, Cousins, Sara A.O., Santamaría, Silvia, Honnay, Olivier, Krickl, Patricia, Plue, Jan, Poschlod, Peter, Traveset, Anna, Bullocks, James M., Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Hooftman, Danny [0000-0001-9835-6897], Kimberley, Adam [0000-0002-0807-9943], Honnay, Olivier [0000-0002-4287-8511], Krickl, Patricia [0000-0002-6694-3859], Bullocks, James M. [0000-0003-0529-4020], Hooftman, Danny, Kimberley, Adam, Cousins, Sara A.O., Santamaría, Silvia, Honnay, Olivier, Krickl, Patricia, Plue, Jan, Poschlod, Peter, Traveset, Anna, and Bullocks, James M.
Abstract: Ancient semi-natural grasslands in Europe are important for ecosystem service (ES) provision. Often, the surrounding matrix contains 'Grassland Green Infrastructure' (GGI) that contain grassland species which have the potential to supplement grassland ES provision across the landscape. Here we investigate the potential for GGI to deliver a set of complementary ES, driven by plant composition.We surveyed 36 landscapes across three European countries comprising core grasslands and their surrounding GGI. We calculated community-level values of plant species characteristics to provide indicators for four ES: nature conservation value, pollination, carbon storage and aesthetic appeal.Inferred ES delivery for GGI was substantially lower than in core grasslands for conservation, pollination and aesthetic appeal indicators, but not for carbon storage. These differences were driven by the GGI having 17% fewer plant species, and compositional differences, with 61% of species unique to the core grasslands. In addition, connectivity to the core, the amount of GGI and inferred seed dispersal distances by livestock, were strongly positively correlated with conservation value, pollination and aesthetic indicators. All ES indicators showed similar responses to the GGI spatial structure and distance to the core, suggesting robust effects of these drivers on ES. We projected that improved landscape-wide delivery of nature conservation value and pollination could be achieved through targeted GGI management. Reductions in the distances seeds would need to disperse, more GGI, along with a diversification of the GGI elements, were predicted to enhance service credits.We conclude that for vegetation-related ES, species surveys can be employed to assess potential ES delivery. Creating and enhancing GGI is a useful landscape management strategy to supplement the ES delivered by ancient grasslands.
Published: 2023

20. Active breeding seabirds prospect alternative breeding colonies

Author: Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor, Office français de la biodiversité (France), North Pacific Research Board, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Ministero della Transizione Ecologica, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministère de la Transition écologique et de la Cohésion des territoires (France), European Commission, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (US), Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (Germany), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Bristol Robotics Laboratory, Interreg, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Wildlife Services (US), Oregon State University, Kralj, Jelena [0000-0002-1500-5897], Kralj, Jelena, Ponchon, Aurore, Oro, Daniel, Amadesi, Barbara, Arizaga, Juan, Baccetti, Nicola, Boulinier, Thierry, Cecere, Jacopo G., Corcoran, Robin M., Corman, Anna-Marie, Enners, Leonie, Fleishman, Abram, Garthe, Stefan, Grémillet, David, Harding, Ann, Igual, José Manuel, Jurinović, Luka, Kubetzki, Ulrike, Lyons, Donald E, Orben, Rachael, Paredes, Rosana, Pirrello, Simone, Recorbet, Bernard, Shaffer, Scott A., Schwemmer, Philipp, Serra, Lorenzo, Spelt, Anouk, Tavecchia, Giacomo, Tengeres, Jill, Tome, Davorin, Williamson, Cara, Windsor, Shane, Young, Hillary, Zenatello, Marco, Fijn, Ruben, Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor, Office français de la biodiversité (France), North Pacific Research Board, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Ministero della Transizione Ecologica, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministère de la Transition écologique et de la Cohésion des territoires (France), European Commission, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (US), Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (Germany), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Bristol Robotics Laboratory, Interreg, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Wildlife Services (US), Oregon State University, Kralj, Jelena [0000-0002-1500-5897], Kralj, Jelena, Ponchon, Aurore, Oro, Daniel, Amadesi, Barbara, Arizaga, Juan, Baccetti, Nicola, Boulinier, Thierry, Cecere, Jacopo G., Corcoran, Robin M., Corman, Anna-Marie, Enners, Leonie, Fleishman, Abram, Garthe, Stefan, Grémillet, David, Harding, Ann, Igual, José Manuel, Jurinović, Luka, Kubetzki, Ulrike, Lyons, Donald E, Orben, Rachael, Paredes, Rosana, Pirrello, Simone, Recorbet, Bernard, Shaffer, Scott A., Schwemmer, Philipp, Serra, Lorenzo, Spelt, Anouk, Tavecchia, Giacomo, Tengeres, Jill, Tome, Davorin, Williamson, Cara, Windsor, Shane, Young, Hillary, Zenatello, Marco, and Fijn, Ruben
Abstract: Compared to other animal movements, prospecting by adult individuals for a future breeding site is commonly overlooked. Prospecting influences the decision of where to breed and has consequences on fitness and lifetime reproductive success. By analysing movements of 31 satellite- and GPS-tracked gull and tern populations belonging to 14 species in Europe and North America, we examined the occurrence and factors explaining prospecting by actively breeding birds. Prospecting in active breeders occurred in 85.7% of studied species, across 61.3% of sampled populations. Prospecting was more common in populations with frequent inter-annual changes of breeding sites and among females. These results contradict theoretical models which predict that prospecting is expected to evolve in relatively predictable and stable environments. More long-term tracking studies are needed to identify factors affecting patterns of prospecting in different environments and understand the consequences of prospecting on fitness at the individual and population level.
Published: 2023

21. Decision-support for land reclamation location and design choices in the Maldives

Author: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Commission, Govern de les Illes Balears, Gussmann, Geronimo [0000-0002-3451-0370], Pol, Thomas van der, Gussmann, Geronimo, Hinkel, Jochen, Amores, Ángel, Marcos, Marta, Rohmer, Jérémy, Lambert, Erwin, Bisaro, Alexander, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Commission, Govern de les Illes Balears, Gussmann, Geronimo [0000-0002-3451-0370], Pol, Thomas van der, Gussmann, Geronimo, Hinkel, Jochen, Amores, Ángel, Marcos, Marta, Rohmer, Jérémy, Lambert, Erwin, and Bisaro, Alexander
Abstract: Land reclamation in the Maldives is widespread. Current land reclamation practices, however, lack a systematic approach to anticipate sea-level rise and do not account for local flood risk differences to inform location and design choices. To address these limitations, this paper applies two decision-support tools: a hazard threshold analysis, and a cost-benefit analysis. Both tools produce site-specific estimates of land elevations or flood defence heights but do so for different goals. The hazard threshold analysis identifies hazard-based solutions that meet an acceptable flood probability for an intended lifespan without follow-up actions by reliability optimisation. The cost-benefit analysis identifies risk-based solutions using dynamic programming. We apply both tools to two land reclamation sites, a newly reclaimed airport island and a land extension of an inhabited island, in the Maldives. We find that total hazard-based heights for long-term planning horizons are highly uncertain, with local height differences of up to 1.9 m across sea-level rise scenarios by 2100. Risk-based Island elevations, in contrast, differ much less across scenarios, offering a practical advantage for decision-making. However, land reclamation choices on location, land elevation and investment in flood protection are not only driven by hazard-related aspects, such as reef characteristics, swell exposure, and sea-level rise, but also by estimates of exposed assets, reclamation, and flood protection costs. Taken together, the two decision-support tools are helpful for improving adaptation decisions and are also applicable in other small island regions.
Published: 2023

22. Activity-Rest Circadian Rhythm of the Pearly Razorfish in Its Natural Habitat, before and during Its Mating

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Gamundi, Antoni [0000-0002-0880-4658], Martorell Barceló, Martina [0000-0002-0967-1607], Barceló-Serra, Margarida [0000-0002-2752-0896], Aspillaga, Eneko [0000-0002-8888-8731], Akaarir, Mourad, Pujol, José Manuel, Suau, Margalida, Rial, Rubén V., Nicolau, María Cristina, Gamundi, Antoni, Martorell Barceló, Martina, Barceló-Serra, Margarida, Aspillaga, Eneko, Alós, Josep, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Gamundi, Antoni [0000-0002-0880-4658], Martorell Barceló, Martina [0000-0002-0967-1607], Barceló-Serra, Margarida [0000-0002-2752-0896], Aspillaga, Eneko [0000-0002-8888-8731], Akaarir, Mourad, Pujol, José Manuel, Suau, Margalida, Rial, Rubén V., Nicolau, María Cristina, Gamundi, Antoni, Martorell Barceló, Martina, Barceló-Serra, Margarida, Aspillaga, Eneko, and Alós, Josep
Abstract: Recent technological advances in marine biotelemetry have demonstrated that marine fish species perform activity-rest rhythms that have relevant ecological and evolutionary consequences. The main objective of the present report is to study the circadian rhythm of activity-rest of the pearly razorfish, Xyrichtys novacula in its own habitat, before and during the reproduction season using a novel biotelemetry system. This fish species is a small-bodied marine species that inhabits most shallow soft habitats of temperate areas and has a high interest for commercial and recreational fisheries. The activity of free-living fish was monitored by means of high-resolution acoustic tracking of the motor activity of the fish in one-minute intervals. The obtained data allowed the definition of the circadian rhythm of activity-rest in terms of classical non-parametric values: interdaily stability (IS), intradaily variability (IV), relative amplitude (RA), average activity during the most-active period of consecutive 10 h (M10), and average activity during the least-active period of consecutive 5 h (L5). We observed a well-marked rhythm, with little fragmentation and good synchrony with the environmental cycle of light-darkness, regardless of sex and the period studied. However, the rhythm was found to be slightly more desynchronized and fragmented during reproduction because of variations in the photoperiod. In addition, we found that the activity of the males was much higher than that of the females (p < 0.001), probably due to the peculiar behavior of the males in defending the harems they lead. Finally, the time at which activity began in males was slightly earlier than it was in females (p < 0.001), presumably due to the same fact, as differences in activity or for the individual heterogeneity of this species in the time of awakening are considered to be an independent axis of the fish's personality. Our work is novel, as it is one of the first studies of activity-rest rhyth
Published: 2023

23. Protein-based patterning to spatially functionalize biomimetic membranes

Author: Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Free State of Bavaria, Reverte-López, María [0000-0002-6854-7446], Gavrilovic, Svetozar [0000-0002-7710-7864], Merino- Salomón, Adrián [0000-0002-6132-5314], Eto, Hiromune [0000-0001-8737-2939], Yagüe Relimpio, Ana [0000-0002-3654-2552], Rivas, Germán [0000-0003-3450-7478], Schwille, Petra [0000-0002-6106-4847], Reverte-López, María, Gavrilovic, Svetozar, Merino- Salomón, Adrián, Eto, Hiromune, Yagüe Relimpio, Ana, Rivas, Germán, Schwille, Petra, Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Free State of Bavaria, Reverte-López, María [0000-0002-6854-7446], Gavrilovic, Svetozar [0000-0002-7710-7864], Merino- Salomón, Adrián [0000-0002-6132-5314], Eto, Hiromune [0000-0001-8737-2939], Yagüe Relimpio, Ana [0000-0002-3654-2552], Rivas, Germán [0000-0003-3450-7478], Schwille, Petra [0000-0002-6106-4847], Reverte-López, María, Gavrilovic, Svetozar, Merino- Salomón, Adrián, Eto, Hiromune, Yagüe Relimpio, Ana, Rivas, Germán, and Schwille, Petra
Abstract: The bottom-up reconstitution of proteins for their modular engineering into synthetic cellular systems can reveal hidden protein functions in vitro. This is particularly evident for the bacterial Min proteins, a paradigm for self-organizing reaction-diffusion systems that displays an unexpected functionality of potential interest for bioengineering: the directional active transport of any diffusible cargo molecule on membranes. Here, the MinDE protein system is reported as a versatile surface patterning tool for the rational design of synthetically assembled 3D systems. Employing two-photon lithography, microswimmer-like structures coated with tailored lipid bilayers are fabricated and demonstrate that Min proteins can uniformly pattern bioactive molecules on their surface. Moreover, it is shown that the MinDE system can form stationary patterns inside lipid vesicles, which allow the targeting and distinctive clustering of higher-order protein structures on their inner leaflet. Given their facile use and robust function, Min proteins thus constitute a valuable molecular toolkit for spatially patterned functionalization of artificial biosystems like cell mimics and microcarriers.
Published: 2023

24. Impact of Chill and Heat Exposures under Diverse Climatic Conditions on Peach and Nectarine Flowering Phenology

Author: European Commission, Greek Government, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Cantín Mardones, Celia M. [0000-0001-9911-0194], Moreno Sánchez, María Ángeles [0000-0002-6177-4638], Drogoudi, Pavlina, Cantín, Celia M., Brandi, Federica, Butcaru, Ana, Cos-Terrer, José, Cutuli, Marcello, Foschi, Stefano, Galindo, Alejandro, García-Brunton, Jesús, Luedeling, Elke, Moreno Sánchez, María Ángeles, Nari, Davide, Pantelidis, Georgios, Reig Córdoba, Gemma, Roera, Valentina, Ruesch, Julien, Stanica, Florin, Giovannini, Daniela, European Commission, Greek Government, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Cantín Mardones, Celia M. [0000-0001-9911-0194], Moreno Sánchez, María Ángeles [0000-0002-6177-4638], Drogoudi, Pavlina, Cantín, Celia M., Brandi, Federica, Butcaru, Ana, Cos-Terrer, José, Cutuli, Marcello, Foschi, Stefano, Galindo, Alejandro, García-Brunton, Jesús, Luedeling, Elke, Moreno Sánchez, María Ángeles, Nari, Davide, Pantelidis, Georgios, Reig Córdoba, Gemma, Roera, Valentina, Ruesch, Julien, Stanica, Florin, and Giovannini, Daniela
Abstract: The present study aims to generalize cultivar-specific tree phenology responses to winter and spring temperatures and assess the effectiveness of the Tabuenca test and various chill and heat accumulation models in predicting bloom dates for a wide range of climatic conditions and years. To this end, we estimated the dates of rest completion and blooming and correlated them with observed bloom dates for 14 peach and nectarine cultivars that were evaluated in 11 locations across Europe (Greece, France, Italy, Romania and Spain), within the EUFRIN cultivar testing trial network. Chill accumulation varied considerably among the studied sites, ranging from 45 Chill Portions (CP) in Murcia-Torre Pacheco (Spain) to 97–98 CP in Cuneo (Italy) and Bucharest (Romania). Rest completion occurred latest or was not achieved at all for some cultivars in the southern sites in Murcia. Dormancy release happened earliest in Bucharest and Cuneo, sites where heat accumulation had a strong influence on the regulation of bloom time. Blooming occurred earliest in the moderately cold regions of Lleida (Spain) and Bellegarde (France), and 7–11 days later in the warmer locations of Rome (Italy) and Naoussa (Greece), suggesting that bloom timing is strongly influenced by delayed rest completion in these locations. The Dynamic Model resulted in both more homogeneous chill accumulation across years and better predictions of bloom dates, compared with the Utah, Positive Utah and Chilling Hours models. Prediction of bloom dates was less successful for low-chill cultivars than for medium- and high-chill cultivars. Further climatic and experimental data are needed to make estimates of the climatic needs of peach cultivars more robust and to generate reliable advice for enhancing the resilience of peach production under varying and changing climatic conditions.
Published: 2023

25. Chronotypes-Personality behavioural syndromes in wild marine fish [dataset]

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Martorell Barceló, Martina [mmartorell@imedea.uib-csic.es], Martorell Barceló, Martina, Signaroli, Marco, Barceló-Serra, Margarida, Lana, Arancha, Aspillaga, Eneko, Garau, Amalia, Arlinghaus, Robert, Alós, Josep, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Martorell Barceló, Martina [mmartorell@imedea.uib-csic.es], Martorell Barceló, Martina, Signaroli, Marco, Barceló-Serra, Margarida, Lana, Arancha, Aspillaga, Eneko, Garau, Amalia, Arlinghaus, Robert, and Alós, Josep
Abstract: This dataset encompasses all necessary data required to replicate the study, `Chronotypes-Personality behavioural syndromes in wild fish’. The data were obtained through standardised behavioural tests conducted under laboratory conditions on 63 Pearly Razorfish (Xyrichtys novacula) individuals between April and July of 2019. Over a week, the fish were maintained in isolated aquariums to test their behaviours, including exploration, activity, boldness, and aggression, conducted daily. A Raspberry Pi system, equipped with the YOLOv5 deep-learning automatic tracking algorithm, was used to record these tests and calculate the fish's minute-by-minute position, providing essential data for evaluating exploration and activity. This system also stored videos to retrospectively obtain boldness and aggression data. Each test included only those individuals with at least two measurements. After the laboratory period, the fish were tagged with acoustic tags and returned to the sea to measure their chronotypes; only individuals with at least seven consecutive days of data were considered. The chronotype data, obtained from a previous study, are represented here through the previously derived scores. These laboratory-based experimental data were analysed using R software. In the exploration context, positional data were translated into total active time (TimeOut), minimum distance to the toy (MinDistance), and time spent near the toy (TimeToy). For activity, the data were converted into total active time (TimeOut), total distance covered (Distance), areas (CoreArea and Area), and direction angles (MeanAngle and KappaAngle). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to obtain the scores for exploration, activity, and aggressiveness. Upon acquiring these scores, trait repeatability was computed using a Linear Mixed-Effects Model, fitting the experimental day (Day), the total length of the individual (Size), and the internal condition (Condition) as fixed factors, and the i
Published: 2023

26. Symbiotic status alters fungal eco-evolutionary offspring trajectories

Author: Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Australian Research Council, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, German Academic Exchange Service, Czech Science Foundation, European Commission, Universities Australia, Aguilar Trigueros, César A. [0000-0003-0512-9500], Krah, Franz-Sebastian [0000-0001-7866-7508], Zanne, Amy [0000-0001-6379-9452], Abrego, Nerea [0000-0001-6347-6127], Baldrian, Petr [0000-0002-8983-2721], Bässler, Claus [0000-0001-8177-8997], Bissett, Andrew [0000-0001-7396-1484], Chen, Baodong [0000-0002-1790-7800], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Egidi, E. [0000-0002-1211-2355], Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob [0000-0003-4713-6004], Kohout, Petr [0000-0002-3985-2310], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Veresoglou, Stavros [0000-0001-6387-4109], Zhang, Haiyang [0000-0001-7951-0502], Aguilar Trigueros, César A., Krah, Franz-Sebastian, Cornwell, William K., Zanne, Amy, Abrego, Nerea, Anderson, Ian C., Andrew, Carrie J., Baldrian, Petr, Bässler, Claus, Bissett, Andrew, Chaudhary, V.B., Chen, Baodong, Chen, Yongliang, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Deveautour, Coline, Egidi, E., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Golan, Jacob, Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, Hempel, Stefan, Hu, Yajun, Kauserud, Håvard, Kivlin, Stephanie N., Kohout, Petr, Lammel, Daniel R., Maestre, Fernando T., Pringle, Anne, Purhonen, Jenna, Singh, Brajesh K., Veresoglou, Stavros, Vetrovský, Tomáš, Zhang, Haiyang, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Australian Research Council, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, German Academic Exchange Service, Czech Science Foundation, European Commission, Universities Australia, Aguilar Trigueros, César A. [0000-0003-0512-9500], Krah, Franz-Sebastian [0000-0001-7866-7508], Zanne, Amy [0000-0001-6379-9452], Abrego, Nerea [0000-0001-6347-6127], Baldrian, Petr [0000-0002-8983-2721], Bässler, Claus [0000-0001-8177-8997], Bissett, Andrew [0000-0001-7396-1484], Chen, Baodong [0000-0002-1790-7800], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Egidi, E. [0000-0002-1211-2355], Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob [0000-0003-4713-6004], Kohout, Petr [0000-0002-3985-2310], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Veresoglou, Stavros [0000-0001-6387-4109], Zhang, Haiyang [0000-0001-7951-0502], Aguilar Trigueros, César A., Krah, Franz-Sebastian, Cornwell, William K., Zanne, Amy, Abrego, Nerea, Anderson, Ian C., Andrew, Carrie J., Baldrian, Petr, Bässler, Claus, Bissett, Andrew, Chaudhary, V.B., Chen, Baodong, Chen, Yongliang, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Deveautour, Coline, Egidi, E., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Golan, Jacob, Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, Hempel, Stefan, Hu, Yajun, Kauserud, Håvard, Kivlin, Stephanie N., Kohout, Petr, Lammel, Daniel R., Maestre, Fernando T., Pringle, Anne, Purhonen, Jenna, Singh, Brajesh K., Veresoglou, Stavros, Vetrovský, Tomáš, and Zhang, Haiyang
Abstract: Despite host-fungal symbiotic interactions being ubiquitous in all ecosystems, understanding how symbiosis has shaped the ecology and evolution of fungal spores that are involved in dispersal and colonization of their hosts has been ignored in life-history studies. We assembled a spore morphology database covering over 26,000 species of free-living to symbiotic fungi of plants, insects and humans and found more than eight orders of variation in spore size. Evolutionary transitions in symbiotic status correlated with shifts in spore size, but the strength of this effect varied widely among phyla. Symbiotic status explained more variation than climatic variables in the current distribution of spore sizes of plant-associated fungi at a global scale while the dispersal potential of their spores is more restricted compared to free-living fungi. Our work advances life-history theory by highlighting how the interaction between symbiosis and offspring morphology shapes the reproductive and dispersal strategies among living forms.
Published: 2023

27. Data Combination: Interferometry and Single-dish Imaging in Radio Astronomy

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Research Council, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Plunkett, Adele, Hacar, Alvaro, Moser-Fischer, Lydia, Petry, Dirk, Teuben, Peter, Pingel, Nickolas, Kunneriath, Devaky, Takagi, Toshinobu, Miyamoto, Yusuke, Moravec, Emily, Suri, Sümeyye, Hess, Kelley M., Hoffman, Melissa, Mason, Brian, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Research Council, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Plunkett, Adele, Hacar, Alvaro, Moser-Fischer, Lydia, Petry, Dirk, Teuben, Peter, Pingel, Nickolas, Kunneriath, Devaky, Takagi, Toshinobu, Miyamoto, Yusuke, Moravec, Emily, Suri, Sümeyye, Hess, Kelley M., Hoffman, Melissa, and Mason, Brian
Abstract: Modern interferometers routinely provide radio-astronomical images down to subarcsecond resolution. However, interferometers filter out spatial scales larger than those sampled by the shortest baselines, which affects the measurement of both spatial and spectral features. Complementary single-dish data are vital for recovering the true flux distribution of spatially resolved astronomical sources with such extended emission. In this work, we provide an overview of the prominent available methods to combine single-dish and interferometric observations. We test each of these methods in the framework of the CASA data analysis software package on both synthetic continuum and observed spectral data sets. We develop a set of new assessment tools that are generally applicable to all radio-astronomical cases of data combination. Applying these new assessment diagnostics, we evaluate the methods' performance and demonstrate the significant improvement of the combined results in comparison to purely interferometric reductions. We provide combination and assessment scripts as add-on material. Our results highlight the advantage of using data combination to ensure high-quality science images of spatially resolved objects. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP). All rights reserved.
Published: 2023

28. Nitrogen immobilization caused by chemical formation of black- and amide-N in soil

Author: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, China Scholarship Council, Knicker, Heike [0000-0002-0483-2109], Brüggemann, Nicolas [0000-0003-3851-2418], Wei, Jing, Knicker, Heike, Zhou, Zheyan, Eckhardt, K. U., Leinweber, P., Wissel, Holger, Yuan, Wenping, Brüggemann, Nicolas, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, China Scholarship Council, Knicker, Heike [0000-0002-0483-2109], Brüggemann, Nicolas [0000-0003-3851-2418], Wei, Jing, Knicker, Heike, Zhou, Zheyan, Eckhardt, K. U., Leinweber, P., Wissel, Holger, Yuan, Wenping, and Brüggemann, Nicolas
Abstract: Nitrogen (N) immobilization controls the N availability in soil, however, mechanisms involved in the chemical N fixation into soil organic N (SON) through reactions of reactive N compounds with soil organic matter (SOM) is not clear. Knowledge about the composition and stability of chemically produced SON is limited, which impedes understanding of the interplay of N and carbon (C) cycles at both the local and global scale. Here, we studied the chemical N immobilization of nitrite in soils from grassland, cropland, and forest with 15N labelling technique. And solid state 15N- and 13C NMR spectroscopies were applied to further explore the structure of chemically immobilized SON. We found that the chemical retention rate of nitrite did not differ significantly between land-uses, while the fulvic acid fraction was the SOM component most reactive to nitrite. In contrast to the common assumption that amides are mainly of biological origin and that black N compounds are formed from organic N compounds at high temperature during fires, our study revealed that amides and black N in the form of pyrroles were the main products of chemical reactions of nitrite with SOM. These findings indicate that chemical processes play a key role in biogeochemical N cycling, and provide new insight into the mechanisms of Csingle bondN interactions in soil
Published: 2023

29. Janus kinase 2 inhibition by pacritinib as potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis

Author: German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts, European Commission, Torres, Sandra, Ortiz, Cristina, Bachtler, Nadine, Gu, Wenyi, Grünewald, Leon D., Kraus, Nico, Schierwagen, Robert, Hieber, Christoph, Meier, Caroline, Tyc, Olaf, Brol, Maximilian Joseph, Uschner, Frank Erhard, Nijmeijer, Bart, Welsch, Christoph, Berres, Marie-Luise, García-Ruiz, Carmen, Fernández-Checa, José C., Trautwein, Christian, Vogl, Thomas J., Zeuzem, Stefan, Trebicka, Jonel, Klein, Sabine, German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts, European Commission, Torres, Sandra, Ortiz, Cristina, Bachtler, Nadine, Gu, Wenyi, Grünewald, Leon D., Kraus, Nico, Schierwagen, Robert, Hieber, Christoph, Meier, Caroline, Tyc, Olaf, Brol, Maximilian Joseph, Uschner, Frank Erhard, Nijmeijer, Bart, Welsch, Christoph, Berres, Marie-Luise, García-Ruiz, Carmen, Fernández-Checa, José C., Trautwein, Christian, Vogl, Thomas J., Zeuzem, Stefan, Trebicka, Jonel, and Klein, Sabine
Abstract: anus kinase 2 (JAK2) signaling is increased in human and experimental liver fibrosis with portal hypertension. JAK2 inhibitors, such as pacritinib, are already in advanced clinical development for other indications and might also be effective in liver fibrosis. Here, we investigated the antifibrotic role of the JAK2 inhibitor pacritinib on activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro and in two animal models of liver fibrosis in vivo.
Published: 2023

30. A global review of marine recreational spearfishing

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Xunta de Galicia, Fundación Biodiversidad, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (España), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Petrobras, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (Uruguay), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Sbragaglia, Valerio, Arlinghaus, Robert, Blumstein, Daniel T., Diogo, Hugo, Giglio, Vinicius J., Gordoa, Ana, Januchowski-Hartley, Fraser, Laporta, Martín, Lindfield, Steven J., Lloret, Josep, Mann, Bruce, McPhee, Daryl, Nunes, José A.C.C., Pita, Pablo, Rangel, Mafalda, Rhoades, O. Kennedy, Venerus, Leonardo A., Villasante, Sebastián, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Xunta de Galicia, Fundación Biodiversidad, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (España), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Petrobras, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (Uruguay), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Sbragaglia, Valerio, Arlinghaus, Robert, Blumstein, Daniel T., Diogo, Hugo, Giglio, Vinicius J., Gordoa, Ana, Januchowski-Hartley, Fraser, Laporta, Martín, Lindfield, Steven J., Lloret, Josep, Mann, Bruce, McPhee, Daryl, Nunes, José A.C.C., Pita, Pablo, Rangel, Mafalda, Rhoades, O. Kennedy, Venerus, Leonardo A., and Villasante, Sebastián
Abstract: Recreational spearfishing is a fishing method that occurs globally, yet receives considerably less attention in the scientific literature relative to other recreational fishing methods, such as angling. Lack of scientific information on spearfishing may negatively affect the development and management of marine recreational fisheries. We conducted a systematic review of 102 peer-reviewed papers published between 1967 and 2022 pertaining to marine recreational spearfishing. Based on this literature review, we provide an overview of key insights across social, economic, and ecological dimensions of marine recreational spearfishing. While spearfishers represent less than 5% of marine recreational fishers, the participants are younger and may differ from recreational anglers in their motivations, with suggestions of increased well-being generated from a close connection with the sea during underwater fishing. Recreational spearfishers mostly target species of moderate to high levels of vulnerability that are mid to high trophic level carnivores. Though spearfishers can deliberately target larger individuals of exploited populations, this is not a generalizable pattern. Despite a growing body of research on the ecological impacts of marine recreational spearfishing, there is limited knowledge of these effects and their mechanisms across biological levels of organization (e.g., individual, population, community and ecosystem) compared with those of other fishing methods. Recreational spearfishers can contribute to advances in marine ecological knowledge, and inclusive participatory management could represent a key step towards transformative sustainable development of marine recreational spearfishing. Throughout the review, we identify gaps in the research and areas where future research is needed to better inform the socio-economic importance, ecosystem impacts and future management of marine recreational spearfishing
Published: 2023

31. The International Virus Bioinformatics Meeting 2023

Author: Federal Ministry of Health (Germany), European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), CSL Seqirus, Pandemic Institute, Tab Healthcare Research, National Science Foundation (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Russian Science Foundation, Hufsky, Franziska, Abecasis, Ana B., Babaian, Artem, Beck, Sebastian, Brierley, Liam, Dellicour, Simon, Eggeling, Christian, Elena, Santiago F., Gieraths, Udo, Ha, Anh D., Harvey, Will, Jones, Terry C., Lamkiewicz, Kevin, Lovate, Gabriel L., Lücking, Dominik, Machyna, Martin, Nishimura, Luca, Nocke, Maximilian K., Renard, Bernhard Y., Sakaguchi, Shoichi, Sakellaridi, Lygeri, Spangenberg, Jannes, Tarradas-Alemany, María, Triebel, Sandra, Vakulenko, Yulia, Wijesekara, Rajitha Yasas, González-Candelas, Fernando, Krautwurst, Sarah, Pérez-Cataluña, Alba, Randazzo, Walter, Sánchez Moragas, Gloria, Marz, Manja, Federal Ministry of Health (Germany), European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), CSL Seqirus, Pandemic Institute, Tab Healthcare Research, National Science Foundation (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Russian Science Foundation, Hufsky, Franziska, Abecasis, Ana B., Babaian, Artem, Beck, Sebastian, Brierley, Liam, Dellicour, Simon, Eggeling, Christian, Elena, Santiago F., Gieraths, Udo, Ha, Anh D., Harvey, Will, Jones, Terry C., Lamkiewicz, Kevin, Lovate, Gabriel L., Lücking, Dominik, Machyna, Martin, Nishimura, Luca, Nocke, Maximilian K., Renard, Bernhard Y., Sakaguchi, Shoichi, Sakellaridi, Lygeri, Spangenberg, Jannes, Tarradas-Alemany, María, Triebel, Sandra, Vakulenko, Yulia, Wijesekara, Rajitha Yasas, González-Candelas, Fernando, Krautwurst, Sarah, Pérez-Cataluña, Alba, Randazzo, Walter, Sánchez Moragas, Gloria, and Marz, Manja
Abstract: The 2023 International Virus Bioinformatics Meeting was held in Valencia, Spain, from 24–26 May 2023, attracting approximately 180 participants worldwide. The primary objective of the conference was to establish a dynamic scientific environment conducive to discussion, collaboration, and the generation of novel research ideas. As the first in-person event following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the meeting facilitated highly interactive exchanges among attendees. It served as a pivotal gathering for gaining insights into the current status of virus bioinformatics research and engaging with leading researchers and emerging scientists. The event comprised eight invited talks, 19 contributed talks, and 74 poster presentations across eleven sessions spanning three days. Topics covered included machine learning, bacteriophages, virus discovery, virus classification, virus visualization, viral infection, viromics, molecular epidemiology, phylodynamic analysis, RNA viruses, viral sequence analysis, viral surveillance, and metagenomics. This report provides rewritten abstracts of the presentations, a summary of the key research findings, and highlights shared during the meeting.
Published: 2023

32. A pre-time-zero spatiotemporal microscopy technique for the ultrasensitive determination of the thermal diffusivity of thin films

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Fundació Privada Cellex, Fundación Privada Mir-Puig, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Université de Liège, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Varghese, Sebin [0000-0001-7204-7121], Mehew, Jake D. [0000-0002-8859-9374], Block, Alexander [0000-0001-9288-5405], Saleta Reig, David [0000-0003-3189-2331], Woźniak, Pawel [0000-0002-2753-5959], Farris, Roberta [0000-0001-6710-0100], Zanolli, Zeila [0000-0003-0860-600X], Ordejón, Pablo [0000-0002-2353-2793], Verstraete, Matthieu J. [0000-0001-6921-5163], Hulst, Niek F. van [0000-0003-4630-1776], Tielrooij, Klaas-Jan [0000-0002-0055-6231], Varghese, Sebin, Mehew, Jake D., Block, Alexander, Saleta Reig, David, Woźniak, Pawel, Farris, Roberta, Zanolli, Zeila, Ordejón, Pablo, Verstraete, Matthieu J., Hulst, Niek F. van, Tielrooij, Klaas-Jan, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Fundació Privada Cellex, Fundación Privada Mir-Puig, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Université de Liège, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Varghese, Sebin [0000-0001-7204-7121], Mehew, Jake D. [0000-0002-8859-9374], Block, Alexander [0000-0001-9288-5405], Saleta Reig, David [0000-0003-3189-2331], Woźniak, Pawel [0000-0002-2753-5959], Farris, Roberta [0000-0001-6710-0100], Zanolli, Zeila [0000-0003-0860-600X], Ordejón, Pablo [0000-0002-2353-2793], Verstraete, Matthieu J. [0000-0001-6921-5163], Hulst, Niek F. van [0000-0003-4630-1776], Tielrooij, Klaas-Jan [0000-0002-0055-6231], Varghese, Sebin, Mehew, Jake D., Block, Alexander, Saleta Reig, David, Woźniak, Pawel, Farris, Roberta, Zanolli, Zeila, Ordejón, Pablo, Verstraete, Matthieu J., Hulst, Niek F. van, and Tielrooij, Klaas-Jan
Abstract: Diffusion is one of the most ubiquitous transport phenomena in nature. Experimentally, it can be tracked by following point spreading in space and time. Here, we introduce a spatiotemporal pump-probe microscopy technique that exploits the residual spatial temperature profile obtained through the transient reflectivity when probe pulses arrive before pump pulses. This corresponds to an effective pump-probe time delay of 13 ns, determined by the repetition rate of our laser system (76 MHz). This pre-time-zero technique enables probing the diffusion of long-lived excitations created by previous pump pulses with nanometer accuracy and is particularly powerful for following in-plane heat diffusion in thin films. The particular advantage of this technique is that it enables quantifying thermal transport without requiring any material input parameters or strong heating. We demonstrate the direct determination of the thermal diffusivities of films with a thickness of around 15 nm, consisting of the layered materials MoSe2 (0.18 cm2/s), WSe2 (0.20 cm2/s), MoS2 (0.35 cm2/s), and WS2 (0.59 cm2/s). This technique paves the way for observing nanoscale thermal transport phenomena and tracking diffusion of a broad range of species.
Published: 2023

33. Techniques for the investigation of segmented sensors using the two photon absorption-transient current technique

Author: European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Pape, Sebastian, Currás, Esteban, Fernández-García, Marcos, Moll, Michael, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Pape, Sebastian, Currás, Esteban, Fernández-García, Marcos, and Moll, Michael
Abstract: The two photon absorption-transient current technique (TPA-TCT) was used to investigate a silicon strip detector with illumination from the top. Measurement and analysis techniques for the TPA-TCT of segmented devices are presented and discussed using a passive strip CMOS detector and a standard strip detector as an example. The influence of laser beam clipping and reflection is shown, and a method that allows to compensate these intensity-related effects for investigation of the electric field is introduced and successfully employed. Additionally, the mirror technique is introduced, which exploits reflection at a metallised back side to enable the measurement directly below a top metallisation while illuminating from the top.
Published: 2023

34. Sahel Droughts Induced by Large Volcanic Eruptions Over the Last Millennium in PMIP4/Past1000 Simulations

Author: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Commission, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, Villamayor, Julián [0000-0002-8844-7389], Khodri, M. [0000-0003-1941-1646], Fang, S. W. [0000-0003-3763-7753], Jungclaus, J. H. [0000-0002-3849-4339], Timmreck, C. [0000-0001-5355-0426], Zanchettin, D. [0000-0001-5929-6983], Villamayor, Julián, Khodri, M., Fang, S. W., Jungclaus, J. H., Timmreck, C., Zanchettin, D., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Commission, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, Villamayor, Julián [0000-0002-8844-7389], Khodri, M. [0000-0003-1941-1646], Fang, S. W. [0000-0003-3763-7753], Jungclaus, J. H. [0000-0002-3849-4339], Timmreck, C. [0000-0001-5355-0426], Zanchettin, D. [0000-0001-5929-6983], Villamayor, Julián, Khodri, M., Fang, S. W., Jungclaus, J. H., Timmreck, C., and Zanchettin, D.
Abstract: This work provides evidence of the influence of large volcanic eruptions on Sahel rainfall relying on PMIP4/past1000 multi-model simulations, covering the last millennium. A classification of volcanic eruptions in the last millennium according to the meridional symmetry of the associated radiative forcing reveals different mechanisms of the West African Monsoon response at inter-annual timescale. In all cases, these simulated changes result in Sahel drying up to 2 years after an eruption. Besides, we add evidence of a role of varying volcanic activity across the past millennium in the Sahel precipitation variability at multi-decadal to secular timescales.
Published: 2023

35. Biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services and organic viticulture: A glass half-full

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Austrian Science Fund, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Beaumelle, L., Giffard, B., Tolle, P., Winter, S., Entling, M.H., Benítez León, Emilio, Zaller, J.G., Auriol, A., Bonnard, O., Charbonnier, Y., Fabreguettes, O., Joubard, B., Kolb, S., Ostandie, N., Reiff, J.M., Richart-Cervera, S., Rusch, A., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Austrian Science Fund, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Beaumelle, L., Giffard, B., Tolle, P., Winter, S., Entling, M.H., Benítez León, Emilio, Zaller, J.G., Auriol, A., Bonnard, O., Charbonnier, Y., Fabreguettes, O., Joubard, B., Kolb, S., Ostandie, N., Reiff, J.M., Richart-Cervera, S., and Rusch, A.
Abstract: Organic farming is a promising but still debated option to ensure sustainable agriculture. However, whether organic farming fosters synergies or mitigates tradeoffs between biodiversity, ecosystem services and crop production has rarely been quantified. Here, we investigate relationships between multitrophic diversity (14 taxa above and belowground), yield, natural pest control and soil quality (14 proxies of ecosystem services) in organic and conventional vineyards along a landscape gradient. Organic farming enhanced biodiversity and pest control, but decreased wine production. Compared to conventional systems, multitrophic diversity was 15 % higher, and pest control services were 9 % higher in organic systems, while wine production was 11 % lower. Regardless of management type, we found a strong tradeoff between wine production and pest control, but not between wine production and biodiversity. The landscape context was not a strong moderator of organic farming effects across taxa groups and ecosystem services, but affected specific taxa and ecosystem services, especially natural pest control. Our study reveals that wine production and biodiversity conservation do not necessarily exclude each other, which implies the existence of a safe operating space where biodiversity and wine production can be combined. We conclude that organic farming can contribute to improve the sustainability of viticulture, but needs to be complemented by management options at the local and landscape scales in order to fully balance biodiversity conservation with the simultaneous provision of multiple ecosystem services.
Published: 2023

36. Progress on the Link between Nutrient Availability and Toxin Production by Ostreopsis cf. ovata: Field and Laboratory Experiments

Author: Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Universidad de Barcelona, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Research Area for Climate Services, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), National University Research Council (Romania), Research Council of Norway, Swedish Research Council, European Commission, Medina-Pérez, Noemí Inmaculada, Cerdán-García, Elena, Rubió i Garrido, Francesc, Viure Feliu, Laia, Estrada, Marta, Moyano, Encarnación, Berdalet, Elisa, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Universidad de Barcelona, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Research Area for Climate Services, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), National University Research Council (Romania), Research Council of Norway, Swedish Research Council, European Commission, Medina-Pérez, Noemí Inmaculada, Cerdán-García, Elena, Rubió i Garrido, Francesc, Viure Feliu, Laia, Estrada, Marta, Moyano, Encarnación, and Berdalet, Elisa
Abstract: This study aimed to improve the understanding of the nutrient modulation of Ostreopsis cf. ovata toxin content. During the 2018 natural bloom in the NW Mediterranean, the total toxin content (up to ca. 57.6 ± 7.0 pg toxin cell−1) varied markedly. The highest values often coincided with elevated O. cf. ovata cell abundance and with low inorganic nutrient concentrations. The first culture experiment with a strain isolated from that bloom showed that cell toxin content was higher in the stationary than in the exponential phase of the cultures; phosphate- and nitrate-deficient cells exhibited similar cell toxin variability patterns. The second experiment with different conditions of nitrogen concentration and source (nitrate, urea, ammonium, and fertilizer) presented the highest cellular toxin content in the high-nitrogen cultures; among these, urea induced a significantly lower cellular toxin content than the other nutrient sources. Under both high- and low-nitrogen concentrations, cell toxin content was also higher in the stationary than in the exponential phase. The toxin profile of the field and cultured cells included ovatoxin (OVTX) analogues -a to -g and isobaric PLTX (isoPLTX). OVTX-a and -b were dominant while OVTX-f, -g, and isoPLTX contributed less than 1-2%. Overall, the data suggest that although nutrients determine the intensity of the O. cf. ovata bloom, the relationship of major nutrient concentrations, sources and stoichiometry with cellular toxin production is not straightforward.
Published: 2023

37. Enzyme adaptation to habitat thermal legacy shapes the thermal plasticity of marine microbiomes

Author: European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Welsh Government, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Marasco, Ramona [0000-0003-4776-7519], Fusi, Marco [0000-0001-7433-2487], Coscolín, Cristina [0000-0002-2117-8911], Barozzi, Alan [0000-0002-1090-1131], Almendral, David [0000-0002-1466-1067], Bargiela, Rafael [0000-0003-1442-3269], Pfleger, Christopher [0000-0002-5524-6978], Dittrich, Jonas [0000-0003-2377-2268], Gohlke, H. [0000-0001-8613-1447], Sánchez-Carrillo, Sergio [0000-0002-9271-7484], Mapelli, Francesca [0000-0002-2928-6538], Chernikova, Tatyana [0000-0001-6684-9099], Golyshin, Peter N. [0000-0002-5433-0350], Ferrer, Manuel [0000-0003-4962-4714], Daffonchio, Daniele [0000-0003-0947-925X], Marasco, Ramona, Fusi, Marco, Coscolín, Cristina, Barozzi, Alan, Almendral, David, Bargiela, Rafael, Gohlke neé Nutschel, Christina, Pfleger, Christopher, Dittrich, Jonas, Gohlke, H., Matesanz, Ruth, Sánchez-Carrillo, Sergio, Mapelli, Francesca, Chernikova, Tatyana, Golyshin, Peter N., Ferrer, Manuel, Daffonchio, Daniele, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Welsh Government, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Marasco, Ramona [0000-0003-4776-7519], Fusi, Marco [0000-0001-7433-2487], Coscolín, Cristina [0000-0002-2117-8911], Barozzi, Alan [0000-0002-1090-1131], Almendral, David [0000-0002-1466-1067], Bargiela, Rafael [0000-0003-1442-3269], Pfleger, Christopher [0000-0002-5524-6978], Dittrich, Jonas [0000-0003-2377-2268], Gohlke, H. [0000-0001-8613-1447], Sánchez-Carrillo, Sergio [0000-0002-9271-7484], Mapelli, Francesca [0000-0002-2928-6538], Chernikova, Tatyana [0000-0001-6684-9099], Golyshin, Peter N. [0000-0002-5433-0350], Ferrer, Manuel [0000-0003-4962-4714], Daffonchio, Daniele [0000-0003-0947-925X], Marasco, Ramona, Fusi, Marco, Coscolín, Cristina, Barozzi, Alan, Almendral, David, Bargiela, Rafael, Gohlke neé Nutschel, Christina, Pfleger, Christopher, Dittrich, Jonas, Gohlke, H., Matesanz, Ruth, Sánchez-Carrillo, Sergio, Mapelli, Francesca, Chernikova, Tatyana, Golyshin, Peter N., Ferrer, Manuel, and Daffonchio, Daniele
Abstract: Microbial communities respond to temperature with physiological adaptation and compositional turnover. Whether thermal selection of enzymes explains marine microbiome plasticity in response to temperature remains unresolved. By quantifying the thermal behaviour of seven functionally-independent enzyme classes (esterase, extradiol dioxygenase, phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, nuclease, transaminase, and aldo-keto reductase) in native proteomes of marine sediment microbiomes from the Irish Sea to the southern Red Sea, we record a significant effect of the mean annual temperature (MAT) on enzyme response in all cases. Activity and stability profiles of 228 esterases and 5 extradiol dioxygenases from sediment and seawater across 70 locations worldwide validate this thermal pattern. Modelling the esterase phase transition temperature as a measure of structural flexibility confirms the observed relationship with MAT. Furthermore, when considering temperature variability in sites with non-significantly different MATs, the broadest range of enzyme thermal behaviour and the highest growth plasticity of the enriched heterotrophic bacteria occur in samples with the widest annual thermal variability. These results indicate that temperature-driven enzyme selection shapes microbiome thermal plasticity and that thermal variability finely tunes such processes and should be considered alongside MAT in forecasting microbial community thermal response.
Published: 2023

38. Genetic Variation for Cold Tolerance in Two Nested Association Mapping Populations

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Revilla Temiño, Pedro [0000-0002-4826-6073], Butrón Gómez, Ana María [0000-0003-4202-5065], Rodríguez, Víctor Manuel [0000-0002-2861-4093], Schön, Chris Carolin [0000-0001-6067-7900], Bauer, Eva [0000-0002-4820-2846], Ruíz de Galarreta, José Ignacio [0000-0003-2586-1061], Malvar Pintos, Rosa Ana [0000-0001-7915-4675], Revilla Temiño, Pedro, Butrón Gómez, Ana María, Rodríguez Graña, Víctor Manuel, Rincent, Renaud, Charcosset, Alain, Giauffret, Catherine, Melchinger, Albrecht E., Schön, Chris Carolin, Bauer, Eva, Altmann, Thomas, Brunel, Dominique, Moreno-González, Jesús, Campo, Laura, Ouzunova, Milena, Álvarez Rodríguez, Ángel, Ruiz de Galarreta, José Ignacio, Laborde, Jacques, Malvar Pintos, Rosa Ana, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Revilla Temiño, Pedro [0000-0002-4826-6073], Butrón Gómez, Ana María [0000-0003-4202-5065], Rodríguez, Víctor Manuel [0000-0002-2861-4093], Schön, Chris Carolin [0000-0001-6067-7900], Bauer, Eva [0000-0002-4820-2846], Ruíz de Galarreta, José Ignacio [0000-0003-2586-1061], Malvar Pintos, Rosa Ana [0000-0001-7915-4675], Revilla Temiño, Pedro, Butrón Gómez, Ana María, Rodríguez Graña, Víctor Manuel, Rincent, Renaud, Charcosset, Alain, Giauffret, Catherine, Melchinger, Albrecht E., Schön, Chris Carolin, Bauer, Eva, Altmann, Thomas, Brunel, Dominique, Moreno-González, Jesús, Campo, Laura, Ouzunova, Milena, Álvarez Rodríguez, Ángel, Ruiz de Galarreta, José Ignacio, Laborde, Jacques, and Malvar Pintos, Rosa Ana
Abstract: Cold reduces maize (Zea mays L.) production and delays sowings. Cold tolerance in maize is very limited, and breeding maize for cold tolerance is still a major challenge. Our objective was to detect QTL for cold tolerance at germination and seedling stages. We evaluated, under cold and control conditions, 919 Dent and 1009 Flint inbred lines from two nested association mapping designs consisting in 24 double-haploid populations, genotyped with 56,110 SNPs. We found a large diversity of maize cold tolerance within these NAM populations. We detected one QTL for plant weight and four for fluorescence under cold conditions, as well as one for plant weight and two for chlorophyll content under control conditions in the Dent-NAM. There were fewer significant QTL under control conditions than under cold conditions, and half of the QTL were for quantum efficiency of photosystem II. Our results supported the large genetic discrepancy between optimal and low temperatures, as the quantity and the position of the QTL were very variable between control and cold conditions. Furthermore, as we have not found alleles with significant effects on these NAM designs, further studies are needed with other experimental designs to find favorable alleles with important effects for improving cold tolerance in maize.
Published: 2023

39. Circadian-related behavioral types in free-living marine fish revealed by high-throughput telemetry [dataset]

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Martorell Barceló, Martina [mmartorell@imedea.uib-csic.es], Martorell Barceló, Martina, Aspillaga, Eneko, Barceló-Serra, Margarida, Arlinghaus, Robert, Alós, Josep, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Martorell Barceló, Martina [mmartorell@imedea.uib-csic.es], Martorell Barceló, Martina, Aspillaga, Eneko, Barceló-Serra, Margarida, Arlinghaus, Robert, and Alós, Josep
Abstract: This dataset contains the necessary data to replicate the work entitled 'Circadian-related behavioural types in free-living marine fish revealed by high-throughput telemetry'. The data were obtained through a high-resolution acoustic telemetry experiment tracking a population of pearly razorfish between April and September 2019. The time series of detections were imported into the R computing environment. We discretized the detections generated by the individuals into bins of 5 minutes (time-steps). We fitted a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to probabilistically assign two behavioural states to each temporal bin: rest (R) or active (A). We used a zero-inflated Poisson HMM implemented in the ziphsmm package. During these months, two different periods in the reproduction of this species were included: the pre-spawning period and the spawning period. For this purpose, the data were separated into two different datasets: the pre-spawning period dataset, which contains all individuals tracked for at least seven days between April 30 and May 31, and the spawning period dataset, which includes all individuals tracked for at least seven days between June 15 and July 31. The data between June 1 and June 15 were discarded due to maintenance tasks on the acoustic receivers. The data from August and September were discarded due to low data yields. Finally, a third dataset was created, which includes individuals tracked for at least seven days in each period. The three datasets are configured in the same manner, with ID as the identifier for each individual, Day as the tracking date, Dayn as the day of the trial, Awakening Time as the activity onset time in minutes relative to sunrise, Rest Onset as the rest onset time in minutes relative to sunset, RelActivityDuration as the active hours (calculated as the difference between the awakening time and rest onset) relative to daylight hours (calculated as the difference between sunrise and sunset), RelRestDuration as the resting hours (c
Published: 2023

40. Examination of gammarid transcriptomes reveals a widespread occurrence of key metabolic genes from epibiont bdelloid rotifers in freshwater species

Author: European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ribes-Navarro, Alberto, Kabeya, Naoki, Castro, L. Filipe C., Gomes-dos-Santos, André, Fonseca, Miguel M., Alberts-Hubatsh, H., Hontoria, Francisco, Navarro, Juan Carlos, Monroig, Óscar, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ribes-Navarro, Alberto, Kabeya, Naoki, Castro, L. Filipe C., Gomes-dos-Santos, André, Fonseca, Miguel M., Alberts-Hubatsh, H., Hontoria, Francisco, Navarro, Juan Carlos, and Monroig, Óscar
Abstract: Previous data revealed the unexpected presence of genes encoding for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthetic enzymes in transcriptomes from freshwater gammarids but not in marine species, even though closely related species were compared. This study aimed to clarify the origin and occurrence of selected LC-PUFA biosynthesis gene markers across all published gammarid transcriptomes. Through systematic searches, we confirmed the widespread occurrence of sequences from seven elongases and desaturases involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis, in transcriptomes from freshwater gammarids but not marine species, and clarified that such occurrence is independent from the gammarid species and geographical origin. The phylogenetic analysis established that the retrieved elongase and desaturase sequences were closely related to bdelloid rotifers, confirming that multiple transcriptomes from freshwater gammarids contain contaminating rotifers' genetic material. Using the Adineta steineri genome, we investigated the genomic location and exon–intron organization of the elongase and desaturase genes, establishing they are all genome-anchored and, importantly, identifying instances of horizontal gene transfer. Finally, we provide compelling evidence demonstrating Bdelloidea desaturases and elongases enable these organisms to perform all the reactions for de novo biosynthesis of PUFA and, from them, LC-PUFA, an advantageous trait when considering the low abundance of these essential nutrients in freshwater environments.
Published: 2023

41. Optimization of sensitivity and specificity of a biomarker-based blood test (LVOCheck-Opti): A protocol for a multicenter prospective observational study of patients suspected of having a stroke

Author: Eureka, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Kaffes, Maximilian, Bondi, Fulvio, Geisler, Frederik, Grittner, Ulrike, Haacke, Lisa, Ihl, Thomas, Lorenz, Maren, Schehadat, Marc S., Schwabauer, Eugen, Wendt, Matthias, Zuber, Martina, Kübler-Weller, Dorothee, Lorenz-Meyer, Irina, Sanchez, Jean-Charles, Montaner, Joan, Audebert, Heinrich, Weber, Joachim E., Eureka, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Kaffes, Maximilian, Bondi, Fulvio, Geisler, Frederik, Grittner, Ulrike, Haacke, Lisa, Ihl, Thomas, Lorenz, Maren, Schehadat, Marc S., Schwabauer, Eugen, Wendt, Matthias, Zuber, Martina, Kübler-Weller, Dorothee, Lorenz-Meyer, Irina, Sanchez, Jean-Charles, Montaner, Joan, Audebert, Heinrich, and Weber, Joachim E.
Abstract: Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a time-critical medical emergency. For patients with large-vessel occlusions (LVO), mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the gold-standard treatment. Mobile Stroke Units (MSUs) provide on-site diagnostic capabilities via computed tomography (CT) and have been shown to improve functional outcomes in stroke patients, but are cost-efficient only in urban areas. Blood biomarkers have recently emerged as possible alternative to cerebral imaging for LVO diagnosis. Prehospital LVO diagnosis offers the potential to transport patients directly to centers that have MT treatment available. In this study, we assess the accuracy of combining two biomarkers, HFABP and NT-proBNP, with clinical indicators to detect LVO using ultra-early prehospital blood samples. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00030399). Methods and analysis: We plan a multicenter prospective observational study with 800 patients with suspected stroke enrolled within 24 h of symptom onset. Study participants will be recruited at three sites (MSUs) in Berlin, Germany. Blood-samples will be taken pre-hospitally at the scene and tested for HFABP and NT-proBNP levels. Additional clinical data and information on final diagnosis will be collected and documented in an electronic case report form (eCRF). Sensitivity and specificity of the combination will be calculated through iterative permutation-response calculations. Discussion: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of a combination of the biomarkers HFABP and NT-proBNP in LVO prediction. In contrast to most other biomarker studies to date, by employing MSUs as study centers, ultra-early levels of biomarkers can be analyzed. Point-of-care LVO detection in suspected stroke could lead to faster treatment in both urban and rural settings and thus improve functional outcomes on a broader scale. Clinical trial registration: Deutsches Register klinischer Studien https://d
Published: 2023

42. Steering self-organisation through confinement

Author: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), European Commission, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, US Army Research Office, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Research Council, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (US), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Dutch Research Council, German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Leverhulme Trust, Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Office of Naval Research (US), Araújo, Nuno A. M., Janssen, Liesbeth M. C., Barois, Thomas, Boffetta, Guido, Cohen, Itai, Corbetta, Alessandro, Dauchot, Olivier, Dijkstra, Marjolein, Durham, William M., Dussutour, Audrey, Garnier, Simon, Gelderblom, Hanneke, Golestanian, Ramin, Isa, Lucio, Koenderink, Gijsje H., Löwen, Hartmut, Metzler, Ralf, Polin, Marco, Royall, C. Patrick, Šarić, Anđela, Sengupta, Anupam, Sykes, Cécile, Trianni, Vito, Tuval, Idan, Vogel, Nicolas, Yeomans, Julia M., Zuriguel, Iker, Marin, Alvaro, Volpe, Giorgio, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), European Commission, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, US Army Research Office, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Research Council, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (US), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Dutch Research Council, German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Leverhulme Trust, Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Office of Naval Research (US), Araújo, Nuno A. M., Janssen, Liesbeth M. C., Barois, Thomas, Boffetta, Guido, Cohen, Itai, Corbetta, Alessandro, Dauchot, Olivier, Dijkstra, Marjolein, Durham, William M., Dussutour, Audrey, Garnier, Simon, Gelderblom, Hanneke, Golestanian, Ramin, Isa, Lucio, Koenderink, Gijsje H., Löwen, Hartmut, Metzler, Ralf, Polin, Marco, Royall, C. Patrick, Šarić, Anđela, Sengupta, Anupam, Sykes, Cécile, Trianni, Vito, Tuval, Idan, Vogel, Nicolas, Yeomans, Julia M., Zuriguel, Iker, Marin, Alvaro, and Volpe, Giorgio
Abstract: Self-organisation is the spontaneous emergence of spatio-temporal structures and patterns from the interaction of smaller individual units. Examples are found across many scales in very different systems and scientific disciplines, from physics, materials science and robotics to biology, geophysics and astronomy. Recent research has highlighted how self-organisation can be both mediated and controlled by confinement. Confinement is an action over a system that limits its units' translational and rotational degrees of freedom, thus also influencing the system's phase space probability density; it can function as either a catalyst or inhibitor of self-organisation. Confinement can then become a means to actively steer the emergence or suppression of collective phenomena in space and time. Here, to provide a common framework and perspective for future research, we examine the role of confinement in the self-organisation of soft-matter systems and identify overarching scientific challenges that need to be addressed to harness its full scientific and technological potential in soft matter and related fields. By drawing analogies with other disciplines, this framework will accelerate a common deeper understanding of self-organisation and trigger the development of innovative strategies to steer it using confinement, with impact on, e.g., the design of smarter materials, tissue engineering for biomedicine and in guiding active matter.
Published: 2023

43. Toward sustainable harvest strategies for marine fisheries that include recreational fishing

Author: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), UK Research and Innovation, One Ocean Hub, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (Australia), Fowler, Ashley M., Dowling, Natalie A., Lyle, Jeremy M., Alós, Josep, Anderson, Leif E., Cooke, Steven J., Danylchuk, Andy J., Ferter, Keno, Folpp, Heath, Hutt, Clifford, Hyder, Kieran, Lew, Daniel K., Lowry, Michael B., Lynch, Tim P., Meadows, Nicholas, Mugerza, Estanis, Nedreaas, Kjell, Garrone-Neto, Domingos, Ochwada-Doyle, Faith A., Potts, Warren, Records, David, Steinback, Scott, Strehlow, Harry V., Tracey, Sean R., Travis, Michael D., Tsuboi, Jun ichi, Vølstad, Jon Helge, Chick, Rowan C., Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), UK Research and Innovation, One Ocean Hub, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (Australia), Fowler, Ashley M., Dowling, Natalie A., Lyle, Jeremy M., Alós, Josep, Anderson, Leif E., Cooke, Steven J., Danylchuk, Andy J., Ferter, Keno, Folpp, Heath, Hutt, Clifford, Hyder, Kieran, Lew, Daniel K., Lowry, Michael B., Lynch, Tim P., Meadows, Nicholas, Mugerza, Estanis, Nedreaas, Kjell, Garrone-Neto, Domingos, Ochwada-Doyle, Faith A., Potts, Warren, Records, David, Steinback, Scott, Strehlow, Harry V., Tracey, Sean R., Travis, Michael D., Tsuboi, Jun ichi, Vølstad, Jon Helge, and Chick, Rowan C.
Abstract: Recreational fishing (RF) is a large yet undervalued component of fisheries globally. While progress has been made in monitoring, assessing, and managing the sector in isolation, integration of RF into the management of multi-sector fisheries has been limited, particularly relative to the commercial sector. This marginalises recreational fishers and reduces the likelihood of achieving the sector's objectives and, more broadly, achieving fisheries sustainability. We examined the nature and extent of RF inclusion in harvest strategies (HSs) for marine fisheries across 15 regions in 11 nations to define the gap in inclusion that has developed between sectors. We focused on high-income nations with a high level of RF governance and used a questionnaire to elicit expert knowledge on HSs due to the paucity of published documents. In total, 339 HSs were considered. We found that RF inclusion in HSs was more similar to the small-scale sector (i.e., artisanal, cultural, or subsistence) than the commercial sector, with explicit operational objectives, data collection, performance indicators, reference points, and management controls lacking in many regions. Where specified, RF objectives focused on sustainability, economic value and catch allocation rather than directly relating to the recreational fishing experience. Conflicts with other sectors included competition with the commercial sector for limited resources, highlighting the importance of equitable resource allocation policies alongside HSs. We propose that RF be explicitly incorporated into HSs to ensure fisheries are ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable, and we recommend that fisheries organisations urgently review HSs for marine fisheries with a recreational component to close the harvest strategy gap among sectors.
Published: 2023

44. Responsiveness of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia and Natural History in 884 Recessive and Early Onset Ataxia Patients

Author: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, University of Tübingen, Research Foundation - Flanders, European Commission, Ministero della Salute, Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), University of Szeged, Traschütz, Andreas, Adarmes Gómez, A. D., Anheim, Mathieu, Baets, Jonathan, Brais, Bernard, Gagnon, Cynthia, Gburek-Augustat, Janina, Doss, Sarah, Hanagasi, Hasmet, Kamm, Christoph, Klivenyi, Peter, Klockgether, Thomas, Klopstock, Thomas, Minnerop, Martina, Münchau, Alexander, Renaud, Mathilde, Santorelli, Filippo M., Schöls, Ludger, Thieme, Andreas, Vielhaber, Stefan, Warrenburg, Bart van de, Zanni, Ginevra, Hilgers, Ralf-Dieter, PREPARE Consortium, Synofzik, Matthis, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, University of Tübingen, Research Foundation - Flanders, European Commission, Ministero della Salute, Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Hungary), University of Szeged, Traschütz, Andreas, Adarmes Gómez, A. D., Anheim, Mathieu, Baets, Jonathan, Brais, Bernard, Gagnon, Cynthia, Gburek-Augustat, Janina, Doss, Sarah, Hanagasi, Hasmet, Kamm, Christoph, Klivenyi, Peter, Klockgether, Thomas, Klopstock, Thomas, Minnerop, Martina, Münchau, Alexander, Renaud, Mathilde, Santorelli, Filippo M., Schöls, Ludger, Thieme, Andreas, Vielhaber, Stefan, Warrenburg, Bart van de, Zanni, Ginevra, Hilgers, Ralf-Dieter, PREPARE Consortium, and Synofzik, Matthis
Abstract: [Objective] The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) is the most widely applied clinical outcome assessment (COA) for genetic ataxias, but presents metrological and regulatory challenges. To facilitate trial planning, we characterize its responsiveness (including subitem-level relations to ataxia severity and patient-focused outcomes) across a large number of ataxias, and provide first natural history data for several of them., [Methods] Subitem-level correlation and distribution-based analysis of 1,637 SARA assessments in 884 patients with autosomal recessive/early onset ataxia (370 with 2–8 longitudinal assessments) were complemented by linear mixed effects modeling to estimate progression and sample sizes., [Results] Although SARA subitem responsiveness varied between ataxia severities, gait/stance showed a robust granular linear scaling across the broadest range (SARA < 25). Responsiveness was diminished by incomplete subscale use at intermediate or upper levels, nontransitions (“static periods”), and fluctuating decreases/increases. All subitems except nose-finger showed moderate-to-strong correlations to activities of daily living, indicating that metric properties—not content validity—limit SARA responsiveness. SARA captured mild-to-moderate progression in many genotypes (eg, SYNE1-ataxia: 0.55 points/yr, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2: 1.14 points/yr, POLG-ataxia: 1.56 points/yr), but no change in others (autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay, COQ8A-ataxia). Whereas sensitivity to change was optimal in mild ataxia (SARA < 10), it substantially deteriorated in advanced ataxia (SARA > 25; 2.7-fold sample size). Use of a novel rank-optimized SARA without subitems finger-chase and nose-finger reduces sample sizes by 20 to 25%., [Interpretation] This study comprehensively characterizes COA properties and annualized changes of the SARA across and within a large number of ataxias. It suggests specific approaches for optimizing its responsiveness that might facilitate regulatory qualification and trial design. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:470–485
Published: 2023

45. Co-creating a coastal climate service to prioritise investments in erosion prevention and sea-level rise adaptation in the Maldives

Author: Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Innovation Fund Denmark, European Commission, Hinkel, Jochen [0000-0001-7590-992X], Hinkel, Jochen, Garcin, Manuel, Gussmann, Geronimo, Amores, Angel, Barbier, Constance, Bisaro, Alexander, Le Cozannet, Gonéri, Duvat, Virginie, Imad, Mohamed, Khaleel, Zammath, Marcos, Marta, Pedreros, Rodrigo, Shareef, Ali, Waheed, Ahmed, Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Innovation Fund Denmark, European Commission, Hinkel, Jochen [0000-0001-7590-992X], Hinkel, Jochen, Garcin, Manuel, Gussmann, Geronimo, Amores, Angel, Barbier, Constance, Bisaro, Alexander, Le Cozannet, Gonéri, Duvat, Virginie, Imad, Mohamed, Khaleel, Zammath, Marcos, Marta, Pedreros, Rodrigo, Shareef, Ali, and Waheed, Ahmed
Abstract: While the prioritisation of scarce resources for climate adaptation is becoming a priority for low and middle income countries, the climate service literature addressing adaptation prioritisation decisions is scarce. This paper contributes to filling this gap by presenting a co-creation process carried out in the Maldives among representatives of government, civil society and researchers. Together, we identified the need to improve a ranking method currently used by the Maldivian government to prioritise islands for investments in erosion prevention. As a solution we developed a layered index. The first layer of this index captures the objective dimension of the problem through an erosion hazard subindex, using the three variables wave energy, reef health and reef flat minimum width. The second layer captures the normative dimension through a multi-criteria analysis using the erosion hazard subindex as one criterion next to other stakeholder selected criteria such as critical infrastructure, economic activity, per capita income and the potential to house additional people that resettle from riskier places as sea-level rise progresses. Results of this new ranking method show that socioeconomic criteria were considered more important by the stakeholders than the biophysical criterion of erosion hazard. Among the top-ranked islands are many regional centres but also less populous islands that have a large potential to house additional people. Lessons learnt from the co-creation process highlight the importance of assembling interdisciplinarity teams, fostering mutual learning among project participants, and designing research projects that do not prescribe upfront the exact problems to be addressed and methods to be applied.
Published: 2023

46. Density- and size-dependent mechanisms modulate the outcome of stocking in a naturally recruiting freshwater piscivore (northern pike, Esox lucius): A replicated whole-lake experiment

Author: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Lower Saxony State Government, Hühn, Daniel, Gwinn, Daniel C., Shaw, Stephanie L., Alós, Josep, Allen, Micheal S., Pagel, Thilo, Skov, Christian, Arlinghaus, Robert, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Lower Saxony State Government, Hühn, Daniel, Gwinn, Daniel C., Shaw, Stephanie L., Alós, Josep, Allen, Micheal S., Pagel, Thilo, Skov, Christian, and Arlinghaus, Robert
Abstract: Despite the widespread use of stock enhancements to improve fisheries across the world, there is a lack of robust knowledge under which conditions fish stocking provides additive effects rather than merely replacing a fraction of natural recruitment. Fully controlled and replicated studies at the level of entire ecosystems are needed to provide answers. Properly monitored experimental releases also allow testing mechanisms of density- and size-dependent population regulation. In this study, the population-level outcome of stocking juvenile pike (Esox lucius L.) in naturally reproducing lentic stocks was investigated. We used a replicated before-after-control-impact design in 15 experimental lakes involving two stocking densities and unstocked controls. Releasing age-0 pike failed to generate additive effects at the age-2 cohort. As expected from theory, we observed density-dependent mortality and differential survival of wild and stocked pike. Stocked and wild fishes showed contrasting responses in terms of growth to variation in predator density, competitor density and the forage base, suggesting both subpopulations differed in their response to stocking-induced changes in population traits (e.g., density). Despite the lack of additive effects caused by stocking, a fraction of the stocked individuals established in the stock-enhanced cohort, indicating that replacement of wild recruits by stocked conspecifics had occurred. Depending on the origin of the stocking material, pike stocking thus has the potential for genetic hybridization, while not necessarily benefiting fisheries catch. We conclude that whenever a natural pike population exists, stocking juvenile pike will not produce additive effects in lakes and that enhanced pike populations will be strongly regulated by size- and density-dependent juvenile mortality and less by density-dependent growth.
Published: 2023

47. Polymorphisms within Autophagy-Related Genes as Susceptibility Biomarkers for Multiple Myeloma: A Meta-Analysis of Three Large Cohorts and Functional Characterization

Author: European Commission, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fundación CRIS contra el Cáncer, Dietmar Hopp Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Clavero, Esther, Sanchez-Maldonado, José Manuel, Macauda, Angélica, Ter Horst, Rob, Sampaio-Marques, Belém, Jurczyszyn, Artur, Clay-Gilmour, Alyssa, Stein, Angelika, Hildebrandt, Michelle A. T., Weinhold, Niels, Buda, Gabriele, García-Sanz, Ramón, Tomczak, Waldemar, Vogel, Ulla, Jerez, Andrés, Zawirska, Daria, Wątek, Marzena, Hofmann, Jonathan N., Landi, Stefano, Spinelli, John J., Butrym, Aleksandra, Kumar, Abhishek, Martínez-López, Joaquín, Galimberti, Sara, Sarasquete, María Eugenia, Subocz, Edyta, Iskierka-Jażdżewska, Elzbieta, Giles, Graham G., Rybicka-Ramos, Malwina, Kruszewski, Marcin, Abildgaard, Niels, Verdejo, Francisco García, Sánchez Rovira, Pedro, da Silva Filho, Miguel Inacio, Kadar, Katalin, Razny, Małgorzata, Cozen, Wendy, Pelosini, Matteo, Jurado, Manuel, Bhatti, Parveen, Dudzinski, Marek, Druzd-Sitek, Agnieszka, Orciuolo, Enrico, Li, Yang, Norman, Aaron D, Zaucha, Jan Maciej, Reis, Rui Manuel, Markiewicz, Miroslaw, Rodríguez Sevilla, Juan José, Andersen, Vibeke, Jamroziak, Krzysztof, Hemminki, Kari, Berndt, Sonja I., Rajkumar, Vicent, Mazur, Grzegorz, Kumar, Shaji K., Ludovico, Paula, Nagler, Arnon, Chanock, Stephen J., Dumontet, Charles, Machiela, Mitchell J., Varkonyi, Judit, Camp, Nicola J., Ziv, Elad, Vangsted, Annette Juul, Brown, Elizabeth E., Campa, Daniele, Vachon, Celine M., Netea, Mihai G., Canzian, Federico, Försti, Asta, Sainz, Juan, European Commission, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fundación CRIS contra el Cáncer, Dietmar Hopp Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Clavero, Esther, Sanchez-Maldonado, José Manuel, Macauda, Angélica, Ter Horst, Rob, Sampaio-Marques, Belém, Jurczyszyn, Artur, Clay-Gilmour, Alyssa, Stein, Angelika, Hildebrandt, Michelle A. T., Weinhold, Niels, Buda, Gabriele, García-Sanz, Ramón, Tomczak, Waldemar, Vogel, Ulla, Jerez, Andrés, Zawirska, Daria, Wątek, Marzena, Hofmann, Jonathan N., Landi, Stefano, Spinelli, John J., Butrym, Aleksandra, Kumar, Abhishek, Martínez-López, Joaquín, Galimberti, Sara, Sarasquete, María Eugenia, Subocz, Edyta, Iskierka-Jażdżewska, Elzbieta, Giles, Graham G., Rybicka-Ramos, Malwina, Kruszewski, Marcin, Abildgaard, Niels, Verdejo, Francisco García, Sánchez Rovira, Pedro, da Silva Filho, Miguel Inacio, Kadar, Katalin, Razny, Małgorzata, Cozen, Wendy, Pelosini, Matteo, Jurado, Manuel, Bhatti, Parveen, Dudzinski, Marek, Druzd-Sitek, Agnieszka, Orciuolo, Enrico, Li, Yang, Norman, Aaron D, Zaucha, Jan Maciej, Reis, Rui Manuel, Markiewicz, Miroslaw, Rodríguez Sevilla, Juan José, Andersen, Vibeke, Jamroziak, Krzysztof, Hemminki, Kari, Berndt, Sonja I., Rajkumar, Vicent, Mazur, Grzegorz, Kumar, Shaji K., Ludovico, Paula, Nagler, Arnon, Chanock, Stephen J., Dumontet, Charles, Machiela, Mitchell J., Varkonyi, Judit, Camp, Nicola J., Ziv, Elad, Vangsted, Annette Juul, Brown, Elizabeth E., Campa, Daniele, Vachon, Celine M., Netea, Mihai G., Canzian, Federico, Försti, Asta, and Sainz, Juan
Abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) arises following malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, that secrete high amounts of specific monoclonal immunoglobulins or light chains, resulting in the massive production of unfolded or misfolded proteins. Autophagy can have a dual role in tumorigenesis, by eliminating these abnormal proteins to avoid cancer development, but also ensuring MM cell survival and promoting resistance to treatments. To date no studies have determined the impact of genetic variation in autophagy-related genes on MM risk. We performed meta-analysis of germline genetic data on 234 autophagy-related genes from three independent study populations including 13,387 subjects of European ancestry (6863 MM patients and 6524 controls) and examined correlations of statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; p < 1 × 10−9) with immune responses in whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from a large population of healthy donors from the Human Functional Genomic Project (HFGP). We identified SNPs in six loci, CD46, IKBKE, PARK2, ULK4, ATG5, and CDKN2A associated with MM risk (p = 4.47 × 10−4−5.79 × 10−14). Mechanistically, we found that the ULK4rs6599175 SNP correlated with circulating concentrations of vitamin D3 (p = 4.0 × 10−4), whereas the IKBKErs17433804 SNP correlated with the number of transitional CD24+CD38+ B cells (p = 4.8 × 10−4) and circulating serum concentrations of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein (MCP)-2 (p = 3.6 × 10−4). We also found that the CD46rs1142469 SNP correlated with numbers of CD19+ B cells, CD19+CD3− B cells, CD5+IgD− cells, IgM− cells, IgD−IgM− cells, and CD4−CD8− PBMCs (p = 4.9 × 10−4−8.6 × 10−4) and circulating concentrations of interleukin (IL)-20 (p = 0.00082). Finally, we observed that the CDKN2Ars2811710 SNP correlated with levels of CD4+EMCD45RO+CD27− cells (p = 9.3 × 10−4). These results suggest that genetic variants within these six loci influ
Published: 2023

48. The physical and chemical structure of Sagittarius B2: VII. Dust and ionized gas contributions to the full molecular line survey of 47 hot cores

Author: German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Möller, Thomas, Schilke, Peter, Sánchez-Monge, Álvaro, Schmiedeke, Anika, Meng, Fanyi, German Research Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Möller, Thomas, Schilke, Peter, Sánchez-Monge, Álvaro, Schmiedeke, Anika, and Meng, Fanyi
Abstract: [Context] Sagittarius B2 (Sgr B2) is a giant molecular cloud complex in the central molecular zone of our Galaxy hosting several sites of high-mass star formation. The two main centers of activity are Sgr B2(M) and Sgr B2(N), which contain 27 and 20 continuum sources, respectively. Our analysis aims to be a comprehensive modeling of each core spectrum, where we take the complex interaction between molecular lines, dust attenuation, and free-free emission arising from H II regions into account. In this work, which is the first of two papers on the complete analysis, we determine the dust and, if H II regions are contained, the parameters of the free-free thermal emission of the ionized gas for each core, and derive a self-consistent description of the continuum levels of each core., [Aims] Using the high sensitivity of ALMA, we characterize the physical and chemical structure of these continuum sources and gain better insight into the star formation process within the cores., [Methods] We used ALMA to perform an unbiased spectral line survey of all 47 sources in ALMA band 6 with a frequency coverage from 211 to 275 GHz. In order to model the free-free continuum contribution of a specific core, we fit the contained recombination lines to obtain the electron temperatures and the emission measures, where we use an extended XCLASS program to describe recombination lines and free-free continuum simultaneously. In contrast to previous analyses, we derived the corresponding parameters here not only for each core, but also for their local surrounding envelope, and determined their physical properties., [Results] The distribution of recombination lines we found in the core spectra closely fits the distribution of H II regions described in previous analyses. In Sgr B2(M), the three inner sources are the most massive, whereas in Sgr B2(N) the innermost core A01 dominates all other sources in mass and size. For the cores we determine average dust temperatures of around 236 K (Sgr B2(M)) and 225 K (Sgr B2(N)), while the electronic temperatures are located in a range between 3800 and 23 800 K., [Conclusions] The self-consistent description of the continuum levels and the quantitative description of the dust and free-free contributions form the basis for the further analysis of the chemical composition of the individual sources, which is continued in the next paper. This detailed modeling will give us a more complete picture of the star formation process in this exciting environment.
Published: 2023

49. Network percolation provides early warnings of abrupt changes in coupled oscillatory systems: An explanatory analysis

Author: European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ehstand, Noémie [0000-0001-8846-6670], Donner, Reik V. [0000-0001-7023-6375], López, Cristóbal [0000-0002-3445-4284], Hernández-García, Emilio [0000-0002-9568-8287+, Ehstand, Noémie, Donner, Reik V., López, Cristóbal, Hernández-García, Emilio, European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ehstand, Noémie [0000-0001-8846-6670], Donner, Reik V. [0000-0001-7023-6375], López, Cristóbal [0000-0002-3445-4284], Hernández-García, Emilio [0000-0002-9568-8287+, Ehstand, Noémie, Donner, Reik V., López, Cristóbal, and Hernández-García, Emilio
Abstract: Functional networks are powerful tools to study statistical interdependency structures in spatially extended or multivariable systems. They have been used to get insights into the dynamics of complex systems in various areas of science. In particular, percolation properties of correlation networks have been employed to identify early warning signals of critical transitions. In this work, we further investigate the corresponding potential of percolation measures for the anticipation of different types of sudden shifts in the state of coupled irregularly oscillating systems. As a paradigmatic model system, we study the dynamics of a ring of diffusively coupled noisy FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators and show that, when the oscillators are nearly completely synchronized, the percolation-based precursors successfully provide very early warnings of the rapid switches between the two states of the system. We clarify the mechanisms behind the percolation transition by separating global trends given by the mean-field behavior from the synchronization of individual stochastic fluctuations. We then apply the same methodology to real-world data of sea surface temperature anomalies during different phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. This leads to a better understanding of the factors that make percolation precursors effective as early warning indicators of incipient El Niño and La Niña events.
Published: 2023

50. Optimisation via encodings: a renormalisation group perspective

Author: European Research Council, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, German Academic Exchange Service, [Klemm, Konstantin 0000-0002-0855-7474], [Stadler, Peter F. 0000-0002-5016-5191], Klemm, Konstantin, Mehta, Anita, Stadler, Peter F., European Research Council, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, German Academic Exchange Service, [Klemm, Konstantin 0000-0002-0855-7474], [Stadler, Peter F. 0000-0002-5016-5191], Klemm, Konstantin, Mehta, Anita, and Stadler, Peter F.
Abstract: Difficult, in particular NP-complete, optimization problems are traditionally solved approximately using search heuristics. These are usually slowed down by the rugged landscapes encountered, because local minima arrest the search process. Cover-encoding maps were devised to circumvent this problem by transforming the original landscape to one that is free of local minima and enriched in near-optimal solutions. By definition, these involve the mapping of the original (larger) search space into smaller subspaces, by processes that typically amount to a form of coarse-graining. In this paper, we explore the details of this coarse-graining using formal arguments, as well as concrete examples of cover-encoding maps, that are investigated analytically as well as computationally. Our results strongly suggest that the coarse-graining involved in cover-encoding maps bears a strong resemblance to that encountered in renormalisation group schemes. Given the apparently disparate nature of these two formalisms, these strong similarities are rather startling, and suggest deep mathematical underpinnings that await further exploration.
Published: 2023

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