Search

Edible coatings and films have gained substantial attention as a promising and sustainable technology for fruit preservation. This study employed a bibliometric analysis to identify core research areas, research gaps, and emerging trends, thus providing a comprehensive roadmap for future research on the use of edible coatings and films for fruit quality preservation. The study involved 428 research articles related to edible coatings and films for fruit preservation published in the Scopus database before 06 October 2023. Utilizing Vosviewer and R for network analysis, we generated network visualization maps, research performance statistics, and identified key contributors and their collaborations. The results show the evolution of this field into three distinct phases: Initial Exploration (1998–2007), Growing Interest (2008–2015), and Rapid Expansion (2016–2023). The study revealed contributions from 1713 authors, with the first article appearing in 1998. Brazil and China emerged as the most productive countries in this domain. The core research areas focus on biomaterials, functional properties, and natural substances. Identified research gaps include pilot and industrial-scale applications, the lack of a regulatory framework and safety guidelines, and the application of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning and machine learning, in this field of edible coatings and films for fruit preservation. Overall, this study offers a scientific understanding of past achievements and ongoing research needs, thus aiming to boost a broader adoption of edible coatings and films by consumers and the food industry to preserve fruit quality, thereby enhancing their societal and environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food and beverages with healthy and functional properties, especially those that prevent chronic diseases, are receiving considerable interest among consumers and researchers. Among the products with enhanced properties, fermented beverages from non-grape wines have a high potential for growth. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a super fruit known for its richness in bioactive compounds that have been reported to have several therapeutic properties against non-communicable diseases. Diverse products can be obtained from the valorization of pomegranate fruit, including wines, supplements, dried arils, juices, vinegar, and syrup. There is no literature evidence of the optimization of the fermentation processes of pomegranate juice that explores the relationships between multiple factors and their interactions. This review provides an overview of the composition of pomegranate fruit and the related health benefits for human health. It also discusses the ways in which pomegranate wine fermentation is impacted by pre-fermentation and fermentation factors. Additionally, it highlights the different subjective and objective techniques for analyzing pomegranate wine quality and the advancement of technologies such as sensors to replace traditional methods of sensory evaluation. It provides comprehensive insights into how different fermentation factors interact and can improve the bioprocess, leading to the production of high-quality wine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the most important factors influencing plant nutrient uptake and water access are soil fraction and root architecture. However, little is known about how soil fraction × root architecture interaction affects woody plants. This study considered the differentiation of soil fertility parameters on layers through the root zone of two different soils and the quality and nutrient responses of three newly bred pomegranate varieties to soil fractions based on root architecture in clay and clay loam orchards. According to the findings, increasing clay content in the deeper layers has a negative impact on soil fertility, organic matter, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). In clayey conditions, pomegranate varieties yielded lower in a range of 2.74% to 6.10% and significantly lower macro and micronutrient insertion. Conversely, the shallow‐rooted variety accumulated significantly more boron (B) and P and set 50% more fruits in the clayey orchards. Soil fractions × root architecture significantly altered fruit quality characteristics, nutrient ingredients, and their relationships supported by a relatively low linear relationship in the Mantel test (r = 0.42). This study suggests that pomegranate tree responses to soil fractions are determined by root architecture. A proper approach to obtaining high‐quality and nutritionally fortified pomegranates will incorporate appropriate cultivation techniques, such as suitable fertigation regime regulation, harvest date optimization, and soil organic matter enrichment, to provide uniform nutrient uptake based on the soil type and variety's root architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 2% chitosan (Ch) (w/v) was enriched with 1% Lippia javanica, Syzygium cordatum, and Ximenia caffra extract to form Ch+L, Ch+S, and Ch+X, respectively. The control film was the chitosan (Ch) film without plant extracts. The composite films were assessed for their antifungal ability using the agar diffusion method against economically relevant plant pathogens, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium expansum. These chitosan films were further evaluated using an X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope, and their physical and mechanical properties were also assessed. The medicinal plants in the chitosan matrix had the highest inhibition zone (10 mm) against P. expansum, while the chitosan-only films had the lowest inhibition zone (3.3 mm). Notably, Ch+S and Ch+X films had the highest inhibition zone (10 mm) against B. cinerea, while chitosan-only films did not avert the spread of B. cinerea. Ch+L films had the highest film thickness (0.189 mm), density (1.62 g·cm3), swelling degree (48.6%), and water solubility (32.8%). Films with other plant extracts had moderate properties, while chitosan without plant extract had the least film thickness (0.128 mm), density (1.08 g·cm3), swelling degree (31.9%), and water solubility (18.9%). X-ray diffraction images revealed that the chitosan films fused with plant extracts altered the extent of crystallinity of the films because they ranged between 14,710.43 for chitosan-only films and 26,288.31 a.u. for Ch+S films. Enriching the chitosan-based films with the investigated medicinal plant extracts resulted in different favorable properties and could make good candidates for food preservation and packaging if optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical damage of fresh fruit occurs throughout the postharvest supply chain leading to poor consumer acceptance and marketability. In this review, the mechanisms of damage development are discussed first. Mathematical modeling provides advanced ways to describe and predict the deformation of fruit with arbitrary geometry, which is important to understand their mechanical responses to external forces. Also, the effects of damage at the cellular and molecular levels are discussed as this provides insight into fruit physiological responses to damage. Next, direct measurement methods for damage including manual evaluation, optical detection, magnetic resonance imaging, and X-ray computed tomography are examined, as well as indirect methods based on physiochemical indexes. Also, methods to measure fruit susceptibility to mechanical damage based on the bruise threshold and the amount of damage per unit of impact energy are reviewed. Further, commonly used external and interior packaging and their applications in reducing damage are summarized, and a recent biomimetic approach for designing novel lightweight packaging inspired by the fruit pericarp. Finally, future research directions are provided. Mathematical modeling has been increasingly used to calculate damage to fruit. Cell and molecular mechanisms response to fruit damage is an under-explored area. Susceptibility measurement of different mechanical forces has received attention. Customized design of reusable and biodegradable packaging is a hot topic of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]