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Ethical journalism repudiates the practice of brown envelope solicitation or the acceptance of any form of gifts that might influence news sourcing, production and publication. The authors of the present study therefore revisited their earlier inquiry (2014) on brown envelope journalism practice in Kuwait to determine if the situation has changed or relatively remained the same. Results from the present study mirror the findings in the previous inquiry in the conceptualization of ethics by journalists in Kuwait, the use of part-time journalists in the country, the lack of measures by editors and supervisors to stamp out this form of journalism and discipline erring reporters, and the journalists’ view that it was up to individual reporters to accept or reject brown envelopes in the course of duty. The authors contend that primary responsibility to curtail this behaviour falls on editors and supervisors in media houses as well as the journalists themselves and their association. Survey and interview instruments were used in this study.

This study aimed to identify the attitudes of the Kuwaiti audience towards the performance of the official spokesperson of the Kuwaiti Ministry of Health (MOH), during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted with a convenience sample consisting of 1201 respondents, of which 52.9% were males and 47.1% were females, with an age range of17-70 years (m=34.78, SD=11.75). The main tool of this study was an electronic questionnaire, that included some demographic variables and self-rating items, such as mass media usage for press conferences and audience motivations to follow the press conferences. It also included the MOH’s official spokesperson’s performance items: the nature of the language, personal characteristics, information presentation, and audience satisfaction. T-test, f-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation, and Scheffe test were used as statistical tools. This study found significant relationships among the audience motivations, the MOH’s official spokesperson’s performance dimensions, and respondents' demographic variables in the intensity of usage of traditional and new media for broadcasting the official spokesperson’s press conferences. This study concluded that there is a need for press conferences, especially during a crisis, in order to fulfil audience motivations and its desire for information about an ongoing crisis, which often makes them focus on social media sites.

Expectations from academics and the industry, to have students and employees who are independent and capable of quickly writing code to resolve work-related issues, are growing high. However, teaching and learning programming is certainly not easy and very challenging. Literature shows that a lot of work has been done to improve this. Nonetheless, it is evident that little effect of this work has had impact on the actual practice of teaching and learning of Software Development programming skills. This gap has been addressed in this paper to enhance the teaching and learning process of programming to students. Furthermore, teaching programming literature research has been classified into 3 categories; teaching approach, teaching model and teaching tool. As a result, this paper proposes the following objectives to tackle this problem: Identify what research has found out about how to teach and learn programming and other aspects of Software Development Investigate how and why this research has not been applied to teaching Software Development How more use could be made of it to improve teaching? Finally, an Enhanced Teaching Model (ETM) has been proposed, which combines several teaching approaches and models from literature. In addition, this model uses teaching tools to provide goal-focused exercises, assess students' performance and obtain feedback from the learning community. Last but not least, a discussion about the future work required in order to assess the model and thus improve it.

Media ethics generally recommends that journalists should avoid accepting any form of gratification in order to maintain their objectivity and professional integrity. This study investigated the application of this ethical injunction in Kuwait. It surveyed and interviewed Kuwaiti journalists on their attitude toward gratification. Results indicate a breach of this ethical recommendation. Reasons for this include lack of media ethics education and training among journalists and the absence of ethical guidance by media owners. In addition, for a number of Kuwaiti reporters, journalism is a part-time job.

Twitter has been cited as a key factor behind a number of recent protest movements. Through interviews with heavy users of the #wiunion hashtag, this study examines the motivations and perceptions behind its usage during the 2011 Wisconsin labor protests. Findings suggest these users see a blurred boundary between citizen journalism and activism, but that their Twitter behavior is driven in part by distrust of traditional news sources and a desire to present an alternative. Notably, most do not see themselves as citizen journalists because they see journalism as an institutional, rather than individual, practice. Their orientation toward information credibility also diverges from traditional journalism, relying on interpersonal trust and the availability of visual evidence. These findings are discussed in the broader context of protest mobilization through information gathering and sharing.