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In vitro plant organogenesis requires plant regulator cytokinins to be exogenously supplied to the culture media. Cytokinins are either obtained from natural sources, from purified commercial plant extracts or by chemical synthesis. Besides plants, several species of plant pathogenic bacteria also naturally produce cytokinins. For example, Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi (P. savastanoi) produces cytokinins by virtue of its isopentenyl transferase (ptz) gene. Therefore, we asked whether cell cultures of an Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain transformed with a synthetic sequence of the ptz gene (stz) may induce a morphogenetic response in vitro. To address this question, the stz gene was inserted into the pColdI™ DNA cold shock expression vector, and this clone was used to genetically transform cells of the E. coli TOP10 strain. The same strain transformed with an empty expression vector was used as the experimental control. Our results showed that cell-free media and methanolic fractions of the cell-free media prepared from the E. coli TOP10 strain overexpressing the stz gene combined with MS basal medium were able to induce in vitro organogenesis in tobacco bioassays. These cell-free media promoted shoot and root formation in tobacco leaf explants. We propose that these types of cell-free extracts could be used not only for in vitro plant propagation, but also for promoting plant rooting.

Eighteen new oxysterols have been isolated from a previously undescribed octocoral collected from the eastern Pacific of Panama. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic evidence. The absolute configuration was established by derivatization with (R)- and (S)-MPA. Antimicrobial and antileishmanial effects were evaluated., This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (BIO2007-61745 and SAF2009-0839). F. C. acknowledges financial support from Programa JAE-Pre (CSIC). ARDM acknowledges funding from IMBRAIN project (FP7-REGPOT2012-CT2012-31637-IMBRAIN).

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) (SAF2009‐0839). F. C. acknowledges financial support from the Programa JAE‐Pre (CSIC). A.R. D.‐M. acknowledges funding from the IMBRAIN project (FP7‐REGPOT‐2012‐CT2012‐31637‐IMBRAIN). The Government of Panama granted permission for the collection of the samples. C. C. is supported by a “Waxweiler grant for cancer prevention research” from the Action LIONS Vaincre le Cancer. This work was also supported by Televie Luxembourg, the Recherche Cancer et Sang foundation, and the Recherches Scientifiques Luxembourg association. The authors thank the Een Haerz fir Kriibskrank Kanner association and the Action LIONS Vaincre le Cancer for generous support. Further support was received from the European Union (EU) (ITN “RedCat” 215009 and Interreg IVa project “Corena”). M. D. was supported by the Korean National Research Foundation (NRF), MEST [Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center (GCRC), grant number 2012‐0001184].

Las actinobacterias son productoras de una gran variedad de compuestos utilizados actualmente como antibioticos y anticancerigenos. En este trabajo se evaluo el potencial del golfo de California como fuente de cepas de actinobacterias bioactivas. En total, se aislaron 235 cepas de actinobacterias de los sedimentos de bahia Concepcion y bahia de los Angeles, (Mexico). Con base en su morfologia, requerimiento de agua de mar para su crecimiento y secuenciacion del gen 16S del ARNr, las cepas se clasificaron como Streptomyces, Micromonospora y Salinispora. Mediante la tecnica de extraccion liquido-liquido con acetato de etilo como disolvente, se obtuvieron 69 extractos organicos y acuosos; 17 mostraron actividad citotoxica contra las lineas celulares de cancer de mama (MCF7) y cervix (HeLa). Los valores maximos de actividad, expresados como porcentaje de supervivencia, fueron de 20-25% contra MCF7 (cepas S-365, S-355 y S-361) y de 24-25% contra HeLa (cepas S-165, S-361 y S-353). Tres extractos en su fraccion acuosa mostraron actividad antibiotica contra Staphylococcus aureus, que es resistente a la meticilina, con valores de actividad de 3% y 6% (cepas S-370 y S-369, respectivamente). Con base en el analisis de cromatografia liquida con detector de masas, se encontraron pesos moleculares de compuestos previamente documentados para especies terrestres del genero Micromonospora; sin embargo, no se identificaron los pesos moleculares de metabolitos especificos previamente documentados para las cepas del genero Salinispora. La bioactividad observada en este trabajo ofrece la oportunidad de un estudio quimico posterior para definir los metabolitos responsables de la actividad a fin de contribuir con el descubrimiento de nuevos farmacos y ubicar al golfo de California como una fuente potencial de cepas de actinobacterias productoras de compuestos bioactivos de importancia para la salud humana

[EN] The marine actinobacterium AMS370, identified as Salinispora arenicola by 16S rRNA amplified gene comparison, was isolated from sediments of the Gulf of California, Mexico. From its semi-polar extract, 8 known compounds were isolated: 4-Hydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (1), 5-Methyl-2-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-4-one (2), 1H-Pyrimidine-2,4-dione (3), 3-amino-5-hydroxy-benzoic acid (4), 2-(4-Amino-imidazol-[4,5-d]pyridazin-1-yl)-5-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-ol (5), 3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-acrylic acid methyl ester (6), 3-Benzyl-6-isobutyl-piperazine-2,5-dione (7) and 5,8-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol (Ergosterol peroxide) (8). The chemical identification was performed by comparison of their NMR spectra against the NMR spectra of the original compounds. This is the first time that compound 4 is reported as a natural product obtained from the Salinispora genus. The crude extract and all the fractions obtained were tested for antibiotic activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. and antifungic activity against Candida albicans. Also, breast cancer (MCF-7), cervical cancer (HeLa) and colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT-116) were tested to determine their cytotoxic activity. Only the semi-polar crude extract and its fractions 5.1 and 5.2 were active against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus., [ES] La actinobacteria marina AMS370, identificada mediante comparación de las secuencias del gen 16S del ARNr como Salinispora arenicola, fue aislada a partir de sedimento del Golfo de California, México. De su extracto semi-polar, se aislaron 8 compuestos conocidos: ácido-4-Hidroxi-fenil acético (1), 5-Metil-2-metilen-2,3-dihidro-1H-pirimidin-4-ona (2), 1H-Pirimidin-2,4-diona (3), ácido-3-amino-5-hidroxi-benzoico (4), 2-(4-Amino-imidazol-[4,5-d]piridazin-1-il)-5-hidroximetil-4-metil-tetrahidro -furan-3-ol (5), Acrilato de 3-(4-Hidroxi-genil)-metilo (6), 3-Bencil-6-isobutil-piperazin-2,5-diona (7) y 5,8-epidioxi-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol (Peróxido de Ergosterol) (8). La identificación química fue realizada mediante comparación de sus espectros de RMN con los espectros de los compuestos originales. Ésta sería la primera ocasión que el compuesto 4 se reporta como un producto natural a partir del género Salinispora. El extracto crudo y todas sus fracciones fueron ensayadas contra Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. y Candida albicans para probar su actividad antibiótica y antifúngica en el caso de la última especie. Asimismo se evaluó su actividad citotóxica frente a las líneas celulares de cáncer de mama (MCF-7), cervicouterino (HeLa) y colorectal (HCT-116). Solamente el extracto crudo semipolar y las fracciones 5.1 y 5.2 resultaron activas contra Klebsiella pneumoniae y Staphylococcus aureus., We thank the financial support provided by the UABC through the XV Internal Assembly, and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México) 2011 Basic Science Grant No. 168484 and by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2009-08039; SAF2010-16858). We also thank the CONACYT for the pre-doctorate fellowship given to FCM (No. 206455) and to AMIM (No. 252250).

Tanzawaic acids M (1), N (2), O (3) and P (4) and the known tanzawaic acids B (5) and E (6), have been isolated from an extract of a cultured marine-derived fungus (strain CF07370) identified as a member of the genus Penicillium. The structures of 1–4 were determined based on spectroscopic evidence. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of compounds 1–6 were evaluated.

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) (SAF2009‐0839). F. C. acknowledges financial support from the Programa JAE‐Pre (CSIC). A.R. D.‐M. acknowledges funding from the IMBRAIN project (FP7‐REGPOT‐2012‐CT2012‐31637‐IMBRAIN). The Government of Panama granted permission for the collection of the samples. C. C. is supported by a “Waxweiler grant for cancer prevention research” from the Action LIONS Vaincre le Cancer. This work was also supported by Televie Luxembourg, the Recherche Cancer et Sang foundation, and the Recherches Scientifiques Luxembourg association. The authors thank the Een Haerz fir Kriibskrank Kanner association and the Action LIONS Vaincre le Cancer for generous support. Further support was received from the European Union (EU) (ITN “RedCat” 215009 and Interreg IVa project “Corena”). M. D. was supported by the Korean National Research Foundation (NRF), MEST [Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center (GCRC), grant number 2012‐0001184].

Tanzawaic acids M (1), N (2), O (3) and P (4) and the known tanzawaic acids B (5) and E (6), have been isolated from an extract of a cultured marine-derived fungus (strain CF07370) identified as a member of the genus Penicillium. The structures of 1–4 were determined based on spectroscopic evidence. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of compounds 1–6 were evaluated., This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación SAF2009–0839. F. C. acknowledges financial support from Programa JAE-Pre (CSIC). ARDM acknowledges funding from the IMBRAIN project (FP7-REGPOT-2012-CT2012–31637-IMBRAIN). CC is supported by a “Waxweiler grant for cancer prevention research” from the Action Lions “Vaincre le Cancer”, Luxembourg. This work was supported by Télévie Luxembourg, the “Recherche Cancer et Sang” foundation and “Recherches Scientifiques Luxembourg” association. The authors thank the “Een Häerz fir Kriibskrank Kanner” association and the Action Lions “Vaincre le Cancer” for generous support. MD is supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) by the MEST of Korea for Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center (GCRC) grant, [grant number 2012–0001184].