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The G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84), a medium-chain fatty acid receptor, has garnered attention because of its potential involvement in a range of metabolic conditions. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this effect remain elusive. Our study has shed light on the pivotal role of GPR84, revealing its robust expression and functional significance within brown adipose tissue (BAT). Mice lacking GPR84 exhibited increased lipid accumulation in BAT, rendering them more susceptible to cold exposure and displaying reduced BAT activity compared with their WT counterparts. Our in vitro experiments with primary brown adipocytes from GPR84-KO mice revealed diminished expression of thermogenic genes and reduced [O.sub.2] consumption. Furthermore, the application of the GPR84 agonist 6-n-octylaminouracil (6-OAU) counteracted these effects, effectively reinstating the brown adipocyte activity. These compelling in vivo and in vitro findings converge to highlight mitochondrial dysfunction as the primary cause of BAT anomalies in GPR84-KO mice. The activation of GPR84 induced an increase in intracellular [Ca.sup.2+] levels, which intricately influenced mitochondrial respiration. By modulating mitochondrial [Ca.sup.2+] levels and respiration, GPR84 acts as a potent molecule involved in BAT activity. These findings suggest that GPR84 is a potential therapeutic target for invigorating BAT and ameliorating metabolic disorders., Introduction Adipose depots have attracted considerable interest because of their pivotal roles in orchestrating systematic energy homeostasis (1, 2). Within this intricate network, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as [...]

Visceral adipose tissue plays a critical role in numerous diseases. Although imaging studies often show adipose involvement in abdominal diseases, their outcomes may vary from being a mild self-limited illness to one with systemic inflammation and organ failure. We therefore compared the pattern of visceral adipose injury during acute pancreatitis and acute diverticulitis to determine its role in organ failure. Acute pancreatitis-associated adipose tissue had ongoing lipolysis in the absence of adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Pancreatic lipase injected into mouse visceral adipose tissue hydrolyzed adipose triglyceride and generated excess nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), which caused organ failure in the absence of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PNLIP) increased in adipose tissue during pancreatitis and entered adipocytes by multiple mechanisms, hydrolyzing adipose triglyceride and generating excess NEFAs. During pancreatitis, obese PNLIP-knockout mice, unlike obese adipocyte-specific ATGL knockouts, had lower visceral adipose tissue lipolysis, milder inflammation, less severe organ failure, and improved survival. PNLIP-knockout mice, unlike ATGL knockouts, were protected from adipocyte-induced pancreatic acinar injury without affecting NEFA signaling or acute pancreatitis induction. Therefore, during pancreatitis, unlike diverticulitis, PNLIP leaking into visceral adipose tissue can cause excessive visceral adipose tissue lipolysis independently of adipocyte-autonomous ATGL, and thereby worsen organ failure., Introduction In humans, visceral adipose tissue is commonly involved in acute diseases like acute diverticulitis (1, 2), appendicitis (3, 4), and acute pancreatitis (5-7), but the extent of visceral adipose [...]

ABSTRACT The lipid classes and fatty acid profiles of oils extracted from male and female New Zealand Greenshell (Perna canaliculus) mussel samples either raw, or treated with heat or with [...]

The impact of feeding flax as seed, meal, or oil to late-pregnant and lactating sows on fatty acid profiles in sows and their piglets was studied. Sixty second- and third-parity sows (Yorkshire x Landrace) were fed 1 of 4 diets from 68 d of gestation until 21 d of lactation. Diets were: control without flax (CTL, n = 15); 10% flaxseed supplementation (FS, n = 16); 6.5% flaxseed meal supplementation (FSM, n = 14); and 3.5% flaxseed oil supplementation (FSO, n = 15). All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Jugular blood samples were obtained from sows on d 62 and 110 of gestation and on d 2 and 21 of lactation. Milk samples were obtained on d 3 and 20 of lactation. Fatty acid profiles were established in plasma and milk. One piglet per litter was slaughtered on d 1 for determination of fatty acid profiles in carcass and brain tissue. On d 110 of gestation, sows fed FS and FSO had less SFA (P < 0.05), more PUFA (P < 0.001), more n-3 fatty acids (P < 0.001), and a decreased n-6/n-3 ratio (P < 0.001) in their serum than sows fed FSM. These same differences were present on d 21 of lactation with a decrease in MUFA also being observed (P < 0.05). Milk from sows fed FS and FSO showed increased n-3 fatty acids (P < 0.01) and decreased n-6/n-3 ratio (P < 0.001) on d 3 and 20 of lactation, as well as less SFA (P < 0.01) and MUFA (P < 0.05) and greater PUFA (P < 0.001) concentrations on d 20. Carcass and brain tissues from their newborn piglets also exhibited increased n-3 fatty acids (P < 0.001) and decreased n-6/n-3 ratio (P < 0.01) compared with piglets farrowed by sows fed FSM. Results demonstrated that feeding flax as seed or oil has significant effects on the fatty acid profile in sows and their offspring and that these changes are due to the oil content of flax because they were not observed when sows were fed FSM. Key words: fatty acid, flax, gestation, lactation, milk, pig

Byline: K. Nurnberg (1), Britta Ender (2), Hans-Jurgen Papstein (1), Jochen Wegner (1), Klaus Ender (1), Gerd Nurnberg (1) Keywords: Key wordsaFatty acid; Muscle; Cattle; Growth; Breed Abstract: aThe adipose tissue development in muscle and the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat of 200 bulls from three different breeds during growth was investigated. There were significant differences in quantitative and qualitative fat deposition which were genetically caused. The muscle of Galloway and White-blue Belgian bulls contained a high n--3 fatty acid content which is positive for human nutrition. During growth an increased deposition of saturated fatty acids into the adipocytes of muscle was observed. Author Affiliation: (1) Muscle Biology &amp Growth, Research Institute for Biology of Farm Animals, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany, DE (2) University of Rostock, Institute for Ecologically Friendly Animal Husbandry, D-18051 Rostock, Germany, DE Article note: Received: 27 March 1998 / Revised version: 18 August 1998