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Somayeh Vafaei,1–3 Fahimeh Fattahi,1,2 Marzieh Ebrahimi,3 Leila Janani,4 Ahmad Shariftabrizi,5 Zahra Madjd1,6 1Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; 4Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 5Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; 6Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Zahra MadjdOncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran 14496-14530, IranTel +98 218 670 3212Fax +98 218 862 2608Email Zahra.madjd@yahoo.comMarzieh EbrahimiDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, IranTel +98 2 356 2516Email mebrahimi@royaninstitute.orgAbstract: Nearly half of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, are diagnosed in the late stages of the disease. Appropriate treatment is not applied in a timely manner and nearly 90% of the patients who experience metastasis ultimately die. Timely detection of CRC can increase the five-year survival rate of patients. Existing histopathological and molecular classifications are insufficient for prediction of metastasis, which limits approaches to treatment. Detection of reliable cancer-related biomarkers can improve early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction and recurrence risk. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes in peripheral blood can be used in a liquid biopsy to assess the status of a tumor. Exosomes are abundant and available in all fluids of the body, have a high half-life and are released by most cells. Tumor-derived exosomes are released from primary tumors or CTCs with selective cargo that represents the overall tumor. The current systematic review highlights new trends and approaches in the detection of CRC biomarkers to determine tumor signatures using CTC and exosomes. When these are combined, they could be used to guide molecular pathology and can revolutionize detection tools. Relevant observational studies published until July 24, 2019 which evaluated the expression of tumor markers in CTCs and exosomes were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ISI Web of Science databases. The extracted biomarkers were analyzed using String and EnrichR tools.Keywords: colorectal cancer, circulating tumor cell, CTC, exosomes, diagnosis, prognosis, biomarker, systematic review

"nBackground: Anemia is a common complication accompanied by high morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Considering the fact that the reduction of erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis is the main cause of uremic anemia, receiving recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) can improve the condition in these patients. Some of these hemodialysis patients, however, have acceptable hemoglobin levels without any need to EPO. Higher BMI, higher albumin and leptin plasma levels and longer durations of hemodialysis are possible factors contributing to the reduced need for rHuEPO in these patients. The present study is designed to asses the relationship between the plasma levels of leptin and the reduced EPO need. "nMethods: Fifty eligible hemodialysis patients with hemoglobin levels higher than 11 mg/dl were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. The information on age, sex, hemodialysis duration and the cause of renal dysfunction were extracted from the files. The baseline plasma levels of Leptin and albumin were measured. The patients BMI and the weekly need for rHuEPO were also calculated. "nResults: There was no correlation between the weekly need for rHuEPO and sex, BMI, the cause of renal dysfunction and the plasma levels of albumin and leptin; it, however, was related with age and the duration of dialysis. While age negatively influences the weekly need, the duration of dialysis has a positive effect on the need. "nConclusion: The plasma levels of leptin are not directly correlated with the required amounts of rHuEPO, indicating that leptin is not an effective factor in erythropoiesis. Conversely, older age and shorter hemodialysis durations are accompanied by reduced need for rHuEPO.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is considered by researchers because of its high prevalence, and several studies have been done to find the causes and factors which increase the chance for the syndrome. These studies have shown relationships between this syndrome with some physical parameters like wrist dimensions, weight and systemic conditions. There is no investigation on risk factors in CTS in our country. So the main goal of this research is to find and introduce predisposing factors for carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods: Seventy patients and 33 controls 22 to 70 years old were studied. Standard methods for median and ulnar nerve studies were used and questionnaires included physical measurements, history of diseases and personal information were completed for each person. Results: Patients had higher wrist ratio (mean difference, 0.0267, P

This work presents a state-space model that can be used in the design of an egg incubator, where the objective is to control the temperature and the humidity for successful incubation. In order to get the maximum number of viable chicken eggs and healthy chicks, it is essential to use two essential parameters: temperature and humidity. The temperature plays a very important role in the hatching rate and the health of the chickens. Humidity is a necessary factor to facilitate hatching and digging, and it also affects the weight of the chick generally determining the success of incubation. The slightest difference in temperature and humidity in the incubation system can cause the failure of this operation. This work describes the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm as one of the new meta-heuristic algorithms adopted with the Multi-loop PID controller to control the temperature and humidity in an egg incubator. The use of the GWO algorithm is to find the best optimal parameters of the controller "Kp, Ki, Kd" using Integrated Time Absolute Error (ITAE). The simulation results show the performance of the proposed GWO optimization method compared to the control by the ant colony algorithm ACO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the existence of three solutions to the p(x)-Kirchhoff type equations in RN: By means of nonsmooth three critical points theorem and the theory of the variable exponent Sobolev spaces, we establish the existence of three critical points for the problem. Moreover, we study the existence of three radially symmetric solutions for a class of quasilinear elliptic inclusion problem with discontinuous nonlinearities in RN: Our approach is based on critical point theory for locally Lipschitz functionals due to Iannizzotto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypothesis: In recent years, some modern techniques such as plasma, ultraviolet irradiation and ozone treatment have been used in surface modification of polymers. Surface modification of polymeric fibers is aimed to improve dying and to achieve desirable physical properties like high moisture absorption and lower anti-static. In this study in an attempt to modify the surface of polyester fibers, a new complex method through ultraviolet/ozone treatment in two wet and dry forms has been applied. Methods: Surface modification of polyester fibers was performed by ultraviolet/ozone treatment on dry samples, as well as on samples impregnated with water, hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen peroxide/sodium silicate solutions. In order to study and compare the functional groups and morphology of the polyester fibers with those of control sample, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Also, the moisture absorption and static electricity of the samples were studied.Findings: The results of FTIR spectra revealed that by ultraviolet/ozone treatment the number of oxygen-containing functional groups has increased considerably. Also, nanoscale surface roughness of the treated samples was revealed by SEM images. Additionally, the results indicated that moisture absorption of the treated polyester fibers has risen and consequently their static electricity has decreased. According to the results, the impregnation of polyester fibers can remarkably enhance surface oxidation process.

This study aimed to assess the frequency and severity of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (WHO definition) in hospitalized adult patients in an infectious diseases referral ward in Tehran. Of 281 patients evaluated over 6 months, a total of 170 suspected ADRs were reported among 101 patients (35.9%). The most commonly affected organ system was gastrointestinal (47.5%), and the most common class of drugs responsible was anti-infectives (93.1%). ADRs were high among HIV-positive patients (82.9%), mainly due to anti-tuberculosis drugs. Attention to appropriate prescription of drugs is required with more careful clinical and laboratory monitoring of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper hemivariational inequality with nonhomogeneous Neumann boundary condition is investigated. The existence of infinitely many small solutions involving a class of p(x) - Laplacian equation in a smooth bounded domain is established. Our main tool is based on a version of the symmetric mountain pass lemma due to Kajikiya and the principle of symmetric criticality for a locally Lipschitz functional.

Due to Project evaluation complexity and resource constraints, the project portfolio optimization is numerous decision making challenges. Hence, many researches have been done to introduce model and methods for portfolio optimization. But most of them have not considered the interaction between projects. Considering the interactions between projects increase complexity of portfolio optimization problem and if these interactions be ignored, the efficiency of decision making process and final portfolio utility maybe influenced dramatically. In this paper, the portfolio optimization problem with considering interactions between the projects is formulated. Then, The portfolio optimization problem with regard the interactions between projects using ICA optimization algorithm was investigated. Interactions at the projects optimization, final solution and its fitness show the important effects. It was shown ICA method is better in comparison with the GA, the PSO and CPSO algorithm technique used before in such problems.

Background: Posts and cores are often required for restoration of pulpless teeth and to provide retention and resistance for a complete crown, but conventional posts may increase the root fracture. Objective: This study was performed to compare the root fracture resistance of extracted teeth treated with different fibers reinforced with composite posts and treated teeth with conventional post and core systems. Materials and Methods: Root canal therapy was performed for 50 mandibular first premolars. The coronal portion of each tooth was amputated, and five post and core systems (cast, polyethylene woven, glass, carbon, and quartz fiber posts) were compared. Acrylic resin blocks were used for mounting, using a layer of elastomeric impression material covering the roots. The load was applied axially and measured with a universal testing machine. Results and Conclusion: Significantly, cast posts and cores had a higher failure threshold including teeth fracture; whereas, fiber posts failure was due to core fracture, with or without fractures in coronal portion of posts. Difference in FRC posts did not provide any significant difference in the load failure and the mode of fracture.

In polymicrobial sepsis, the extracellular histones, mainly released from activated neutrophils, significantly contribute to cardiac dysfunction (septic cardiomyopathy), as demonstrated in our previous studies using Echo-Doppler measurements. This study aims to elucidate the roles of extracellular histones and their interactions with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in cardiac dysfunction. Through ex vivo assessments of ECG, left ventricle (LV) function parameters, and in vivo Echo-Doppler studies in mice perfused with extracellular histones, we aim to provide comprehensive insights into the mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Langendorff-perfused hearts from both wild-type and TLR2, TLR3, or TLR4 knockout (KO) mice were examined. Paced mouse hearts were perfused with histones to assess contractility and relaxation. Echo-Doppler studies evaluated cardiac dysfunction after intravenous histone injection. Histone perfusion caused defects in contractility and relaxation, with TLR2 and TLR3 KO mice being partially protected. Specifically, TLR2 KO mice exhibited the greatest reduction in Echo-Doppler abnormalities, while TLR4 KO exacerbated cardiac dysfunction. Among individual histones, H1 induced the most pronounced abnormalities in cardiac function, apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and LDH release. Our data highlight significant interactions between histones and TLRs, providing insights into histones especially H1 as potential therapeutic targets for septic cardiomyopathy. Further studies are needed to explore specific histone-TLR interactions and their mechanisms.