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Frbrizing OPACs is viewed from two different angles: the system approach and the user approach. The first deals with different requirements of a system to be Frbrized automatically. The second regards the user as the integral element which any system attempts to serve. Due to the very huge number of MARC records stored in our OPAC databases, data mining MARC records to find different FRBR entities or user functions has been a dominant approach in Frbrizing systems. An in-depth study in this regard has been conducted on MARC 21 but there is no evident attempt performing the same job on Unimarc or its different national derivations/adaptations. This study aims at mapping Unimarc fields and subfields to FRBR entities (1st group: Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item) and also user functions (Find, Identify, Select, Obtain). For this purpose, Unimarc fields (0XX - 7XX) were mapped to FRBR and those fields relevant for identifying entities or supporting different user tasks were identified. After pointing out some major gaps and also strengths of Unimarc for Frbrization, some concluding remarks have been made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much attention has recently been paid to natural language processing in information storage and retrieval. This paper describes how the application of natural language processing (NLP) techniques can enhance cross-language information retrieval (CLIR). Using a semi-experimental technique, we took Farsi queries to retrieve relevant documents in English. For translating Persian queries, we used a bilingual machine-readable dictionary. NLP techniques such as tokenization, morphological analysis and part of speech tagging were used in pre-and- post translation phases. Results showed that applying NLP techniques yields more effective CLIR performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale and Objectives: The purpose of this article is to review the spectrum of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of fat containing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including serial contrast-enhanced imaging. Materials and Methods: Imaging findings of 10 fat-containing HCCs on CT (n = 2) or MRI (n = 3) or on both CT and MRI (n = 5) were retrospectively reviewed in 9 patients. Both techniques included serial contrast enhanced imaging in arterial, portal venous, and late venous phases. Results: On non-contrast CT, fat containing HCC was either homogeneously hypodense (n = 6) or of mixed density (n = 1). The density values ranged between -11 and 9 HU. On MRI, homogenous (n = 4) or heterogeneous (n = 4) signal loss was observed on T1-weighted out-of-phase images as compared to in-phase images. Enhancement patterns on serial contrast-enhanced CT and MRI included: arterial enhancement indistinguishable from the liver with venous wash out (n = 2), arterial capillary blush with venous phase fading (n = 2), and heterogeneous arterial enhancement with unenhanced foci and venous phase wash out of enhancements. Larger lesions had late capsular enhancement. Conclusions: Fat containing HCC has spectrum of imaging findings on CT and MRI. MRI with chemical shift technique depicts the fat content. Arterial contrast enhancement with venous washout or fading may help for the diagnosis of HCC in inconclusive cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the great progress in developing wound dressings, delayed wound closure still remains a global challenge. Thus, developing novel wound dressings and employing advanced strategies, including tissue engineering, are urgently desired. The carboxylated cellulose was developed through the in situ synthesis method and further reinforced by incorporating pal-KTTKS to stimulate collagen synthesis and improve wound healing. The developed composites supported cell adhesion and proliferation and showed good biocompatibility. To boost wound-healing performance, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were seeded on the pal-KTTKS-enriched composites to be implanted in a rat model of burn wound healing. Healthy male rats were randomly divided into four groups and wound-healing performance of Vaseline gauze (control), carboxylated cellulose (CBC), pal-KTTKS-enriched CBC (KTTKS-CBC), and MSCs seeded on the KTTKS-CBC composites (MSC-KTTKS-CBC) were evaluated on days 3, 7, and 14 post-implantation. In each group, the designed therapeutic dressings were renewed every 5 days to increase wound-healing performance. We found that KTTKS-CBC and MSC-KTTKS-CBC composites exhibited significantly better wound healing capability, as evidenced by significantly alleviated inflammation, increased collagen deposition, improved angiogenesis, and considerably accelerated wound closure. Nevertheless, the best wound-healing performance was observed in the MSC-KTTKS-CBC groups among all four groups. This research suggests that the MSC-KTTKS-CBC composite offers a great deal of promise as a wound dressing to enhance wound regeneration and expedite wound closure in the clinic., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

There is a lack of a reliable tool for quickly determining the geographical origins of saffron (SFR). Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has emerged as a promising method for rapid authentication. In this study, 232 Iranian SFR samples harvested in five distinct areas (Khorasan, Azerbaijan, Golestan, Fars, and Isfahan) were analyzed by IMS coupled with chemometric methods. The principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for analyzing the collected IMS data, utilizing three principle components (PCs) that accounted for 81 % of the explained variance. Moreover, the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) demonstrated the average sensitivity and specificity rates, of 72.3 % to 92.5 % for the exernal test set and 75.5 % to 94.3 % for training set. The accuracy values were ≥ 85.0 % for the prediction set for all classes of samples. The results of this study revealed a successful application of IMS and chemometric methods for rapid geographical authentication of saffron samples in Iran., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid are the only essential fatty acids (EFAs) known to the human body. Other fatty acids (FAs) of the omega-6 and omega-3 families originate from linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, respectively, by the biological processes of elongation and desaturation. In diets with low fish consumption or vegetarianism, these FAs play an exclusive role in providing two crucial FAs for maintaining our body's vital functions; docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid. However, these polyunsaturated FAs are inherently sensitive to oxidation, thereby adversely affecting the storage stability of oils containing them. In this study, we reviewed encapsulation as one of the promising solutions to increase the stability of EFAs. Accordingly, five main encapsulation techniques could be classified: (i) spray drying, (ii) freeze drying, (iii) emulsification, (iv) liposomal entrapment, and (v) other methods, including electrospinning/spraying, complex coacervation, etc. Among these, spray drying was the frequently applied technique for encapsulation of EFAs, followed by freeze dryers. In addition, maltodextrin and gum Arabic were the main wall materials in carriers. Paying attention to industrial scalability and lower cost of the encapsulation process by the other methods are the important aspects that should be given more attention in the future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Oxygen pressure plays an integral role in regulating various aspects of cellular biology. Cell metabolism, proliferation, morphology, senescence, metastasis, and angiogenesis are some instances that are affected by different tensions of oxygen. Hyperoxia or high oxygen concentration, enforces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that disturbs physiological homeostasis, and consequently, in the absence of antioxidants, cells and tissues are directed to an undesired fate. On the other side, hypoxia or low oxygen concentration, impacts cell metabolism and fate strongly through inducing changes in the expression level of specific genes. Thus, understanding the precise mechanism and the extent of the implication of oxygen tension and ROS in biological events is crucial to maintaining the desired cell and tissue function for application in regenerative medicine strategies. Herein, a comprehensive literature review has been performed to find out the impacts of oxygen tensions on the various behaviors of cells or tissues., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Renewable energy sources are in focus for environment-friendly power generation when compared to non-renewable sources. Modeling an energy system of a statistical population can shed light on the possibilities and potential of using renewable resources. In this study, energy modeling of 4 provinces of Iran with different climates is done for 2020 and 2032. The lack of energy caused by seasonal climatic impacts is compensated for by using renewable energy systems. The modeling of three different scenarios is considered to indicate different policies in each energy system strategy. The energy system's past data is gathered and analyzed to predict future data, and then the 2032 energy system is modeled using EnergyPLAN. The results show that there will be a shortage of electrical energy in summers in hot & humid and hot & dry climates, while the energy shortage for cold and temperate & humid climates is the heating demand in winters. Three scenarios of business as usual (BAU), using maximum possible renewable energy (S1), and changing the structure of the energy supply system (S2) are considered with their specification. The results indicate that by using S1, 61.42 TWh of primary energy sources (PES), and by using S2, 136.7 TWh of PES consumption is reduced. Also, for the same scenarios, 29.98 Mt less CO 2 is emitted for all climates. The climatic analysis illustrates that using solar in hot & humid and hot & dry, wind and geothermal in cold, and hydropower in hot & humid and temperate & humid climates produce the most amount of renewable potential which not only compensates the lack of seasonal energy but also replace 8% of the total energy needed, previously supplied by fossil fuels. Totally for the 4 provinces, 3250 MW of hydropower, 5625 MW of solar, 650 MW of wind, and 100 MW of geothermal energy are considered while other provinces with the same climate could benefit too based on their geographical specification., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Introduction: There are several factors that affect the quality and quantity of active ingredients and essential oil (EO) content, including pre and postharvest practices such as drying conditions. One of the most important factors in drying is temperature and then selective drying temperature (DT). In general, DT has a direct effect on the aromatic properties of Anethum graveolens ., Methods: On this basis, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different DTs on the aroma profile of A. graveolens ecotypes., Results and Discussion: The results showed that different DTs, ecotypes, and their interaction significantly affect EO content and composition. The highest EO yield was obtained from the Parsabad ecotype (1.86%) followed by the Ardabil ecotype (1.4%), both at 40° C. More than 60 EO compounds were identified, mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, highlighting α-Phellandrene, Germacrene D, and Dill apiole as major components in all treatments. Besides α-Phellandrene, the major EO compounds at shad drying (ShD) were β-Phellandrene and p-Cymene, while plant parts dried at 40° C showed l-Limonene and Limonene as the main constituents, and Dill apiole was detected in greater amounts in the samples dried at 60 °C. To determine the appropriate DT, simple and factorial based-ANOVA together multivariate analysis demonstrated significant differences in the compounds produced under different DTs. The results indicated that more EO compounds, mainly monoterpenes, were extracted at ShD than other DTs. On the other hand, the content and composition of sesquiterpenes increased significantly when DT was increased to 60 °C. From the genetic backgrounds point of view, the Parsabad ecotype (with 12 similar compounds) and Esfahan ecotype (with 10 similar compounds) were the most suitable ecotypes under all DTs in terms of EO compounds. Accordingly, the present study would help various industries to optimize specific DT(s) to obtain special EO compound(s) from different A. graveolens ecotypes based on commercial requirements., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Farmanpour Kalalagh, Mohebodini, Fattahi, Beyraghdar Kashkooli, Davarpanah Dizaj, Salehifar and Mokhtari.)

Background: Omicron (B.1.1.529) is the fifth variant of concern of SARS-CoV-2, which has several subvariants. Clinical features of BA.1 and BA.2 infections have been described in the literature, but we have limited information about the clinical profile of BA.5, which caused the seventh wave in Iran., Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on the BA.5 confirmed patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran, from 11th to 31st August 2022. The patients were divided into the two groups of outpatients and hospitalized patients, and their clinical, radiological, and laboratory data and outcomes were recorded and analyzed., Results: We included 193 patients with confirmed BA.5 infection, of whom 48 patients (24·8%) were hospitalized. The mean age of the patients was 45·3 ± 16·5 years, and 113 patients (58·5%) were female. The mean number of days patients had symptoms was 6·8 ± 2·4 days. The most common symptoms were weakness (69·9%), sore throat (67·4%), myalgia (66·3%), hoarseness (63·7%), headache (55·4%), fatigue (54·9%), and dry cough (50·3%). Fever and dyspnea were significantly more observed in the hospitalized patients (p < 0·0001). The COVID-19 vaccination rate was significantly lower in hospitalized patients than in outpatients (35/48-72·9% vs. 140/145 - 96·6%, p < 0·0001). The most common underlying diseases were hypertension (16·1%), diabetes mellitus (9·8%), and cardiovascular diseases (9·8%), all of which were significantly more common in hospitalized patients. Lung opacities were observed in 81·2% of hospitalized patients. By the end of our study, 1·5% of patients died despite receiving critical care services., Conclusions: Our findings suggested that BA.5 symptoms are more non-respiratory and usually improve within 7 days. Although the proportion of hospitalized patients is still significant, very few patients require intensive care. COVID-19 vaccination is effective in reducing the hospitalization rate., Trial Registration: Not applicable. This study is not a clinical trial., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Dentists using dental amalgam are chronically exposed to low doses of elemental mercury. The complex toxico-kinetics of this systemic toxicant results in polymorphic and variable clinical phenotypes. In this context, adapted statistical methods are required to highlight potential adverse effects of occupational mercury exposure on dentists' health., Objective: The present study aims to analyze the distribution of self-reported subjective symptoms, commonly associated with chronic mercury poisoning, according to occupational mercury exposure in a population of Moroccan liberal dentists., Methods: In order to achieve the defined objectives, a three-step latent class regression was fitted. First a latent class analysis was performed to cluster the studied population according to their declared symptoms. Dentists were then classified in the defined latent classes based on their posterior probabilities. Finally, a logistic regression is fitted to identify predictors associated with the latent classes' membership., Results: The final obtained model showed acceptable calibration and discrimination. Its interpretation revealed that the increase of the frequency of amalgam use was associated with significant higher odds of belonging to the high risk latent class., Conclusions: The present study represents an initial step towards the development of diagnosis model that predict clinical profiles according to occupational mercury exposure.

Purpose: A hemocompatible substrate can offer a wonderful facility for nitric oxide (NO) production by vascular endothelial cells in reaction to the inflammation following injuries. NO inhibits platelet aggregation this is especially critical in small-diameter vessels. Methods: The substrate films were made of polyurethane (PU) in a casting process and after plasma treatments, their surface was chemically decorated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2000, gelatin, gelatin-aspirin, gelatin-heparin and gelatin-aspirin-heparin. The concentrations of these ingredients were optimized in order to achieve the biocompatible values and the resulting modifications were characterized by water contact angle and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) assays. The values of NO production and platelet adhesion were then examined. Results: The water contact angle of the modified surface was reduced to 26±4 ∘ and the newly developed hydrophilic chemical groups were confirmed by FTIR. The respective concentrations of 0.05 mg/ml and 100 mg/mL were found to be the IC50 values for aspirin and heparin. However, after the surface modification with aspirin, the bioactivity of the substrate increased in compared to the other experimental groups. In addition, there was a synergistic effect between these reagents for NO synthesis. While, heparin inhibited platelet adhesion more than aspirin. Conclusion: Because of the highly hydrophilic nature of heparin, this reagent was hydrolyzed faster than aspirin and therefore its influence on platelet aggregation and cell growth was greater. Taken together, the results give the biocompatible concentrations of both biomolecules that are required for endothelial cell proliferation, NO synthesis and platelet adhesion., Competing Interests: The authors do not declare any known conflicts with the publication of the data in this study., (©2023 The Authors.)

Predicting sediment transport rate (STR) in the presence of flexible vegetation is a critical task for modelers. Sediment transport modeling methods in the coastal region is equally challenging due to the nonlinearity of the STR-vegetation interaction. In the present study, the kernel extreme learning model (KELM) was integrated with the seagull optimization algorithm (SEOA), the crow optimization algorithm (COA), the firefly algorithm (FFA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to estimate the STR in the presence of vegetation cover. The rigidity index, D 50 /wave height, Newton number, drag coefficient, and cover density were used as inputs to the models. The root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and percentage of bias (PBIAS) were used to evaluate the capability of models. This study applied the novel ensemble model, and the inclusive multiple model (IMM), to assemble the outputs of the KELM models. In addition, the innovations of this study were the introduction of a new IMM model, and the use of new hybrid KELM models for predicting STR and investigating the effects of various parameters on the STR. At the testing level, the MAE of the IMM model was 22, 60, 68, 73, and 76% lower than those of the KELM-SEOA, KELM-COA, KELM-PSO, and KELM models, respectively. The IMM had a PBIAS of 5, whereas the KELM-SEOA, KELM-COA, KELM-PSOA, and KELM had PBIAS of 9, 12, 14, 18, and 21%, respectively. The results indicated that the increasing drag coefficient and D 50 /wave height had decreased the STR. From the findings, it was revealed that the IMM and KELM-SEOA had higher predictive ability for STR. Since the sediment is one of the most important sources of environmental pollution, therefore, this study is useful for monitoring and controlling environmental pollution., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The damaged neuronal cells of adult mammalian lack the regenerative ability to replace the neuronal connections. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are the promising source for neuroregenerative applications that can improve the injured microenvironment of the damaged neural system. They provide neuronal progenitors and neurotrophic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory factors. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively explore the various neuronal differentiation potentials of PDLSCs for application in neural regeneration therapy., Main Text: PDLSCs have superior potential to differentiate into various neural-like cells through a dedifferentiation stage followed by differentiation process without need for cell division. Diverse combination of nutritional factors can be used to induce the PDLSCs toward neural lineage. PDLSCs when coupled with biomaterials could have significant implications for neural tissue repair. PDLSCs can be a new clinical research target for Alzheimer's disease treatment, multiple sclerosis and cerebral ischemia. Moreover, PDLSCs have beneficial effects on retinal ganglion cell regeneration and photoreceptor survival. PDLSCs can be a great source for the repair of injured peripheral nerve through the expression of several neural growth factors and differentiation into Schwann cells., Conclusion: In conclusion, these cells are an appealing source for utilizing in clinical treatment of the neuropathological disorders. Although significant in vitro and in vivo investigations were carried out in order for neural differentiation evaluation of these cells into diverse types of neurons, more preclinical and clinical studies are needed to elucidate their therapeutic potential for neural diseases., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Bone tissues are one of the most complex tissues in the body that regenerate and repair themselves spontaneously under the right physiological conditions. Within the limitations of treating bone defects, mimicking tissue engineering through the recruitment of scaffolds, cell sources and growth factors, is strongly recommended. Aspirin is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and has been used in clinical studies for many years due to its anti-coagulant effect. On the other hand, aspirin and other NSAIDs activate cytokines and some mediators in osteoclasts, osteoblasts and their progenitor cells in a defect area, thereby promoting bone regeneration. It also stimulates angiogenesis by increasing migration of endothelial cells and the newly developed vessels are of emergency in bone fracture repair. This review covers the role of aspirin in bone tissue engineering and also, highlights its chemical reactions, mechanisms, dosages, anti-microbial and angiogenesis activities., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Bone defects may cause by a number of acquired or inherited disorders. Tissue engineering strategies aim to induce functional bone regeneration through incorporating biomaterials and cells, which can potentially provide an efficient and personalized treatment option with reduced risk of rejection. Designing the appropriate scaffold for each tissue is critical because of the microenvironment where cell growth can occur. Various types of natural and synthetic polymers were studied in combination with active ceramic and metallic materials to form osteoconductive scaffolds. The purpose of producing composite scaffolds was to obtain a supporting structure with appropriate mechanical and surface properties to mimic the bone extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is a dynamic bio-environment that continuously undergoes remodeling to control tissue homeostasis. This process is mediated by specific proteases such as metalloproteinases (MMPs) that play an essential role in ECM degradation. The ECM is involved in regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and finally, the functional properties of the mature bone. Many substances have different effects on ECM, which in turn can be effective in bone regeneration. Imitation of ECM is one of the promising ways in designing materials for the bone regeneration. In this review, we investigated the effect of ECM remodeling on material-based strategies for bone regeneration., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Mercury used in dental amalgams constitutes a significant source of chronic exposure to this heavy metal among dentists. Thus, the safety of dental amalgam remains a controversial issue despite its long history of use. In Morocco, most studies about dental mercury were mainly focused on the environmental risk related to the management of mercury-contaminated waste., Objective: In order to evaluate the occupational exposure to mercury among liberal dentists practicing in two Moroccan regions, a multidimensional statistical approach was used to analyze the collected data. The main objective was to help establishing a targeted prevention plan aiming to reduce the mercury exposure among Moroccan dentists., Methods: Fifteen variables from 146 dentists were elected for a three-step classification procedure: a multiple correspondence analysis followed by a hierarchical ascendant clustering consolidated by the k-Means algorithm., Results: Three homogenous clusters were identified. The most important one includes 57.5% of the population as well as the majority of the risky factors. The characterization of these clusters allows proposing concise guidelines for a targeted preventive plan., Conclusions: A real mercurial risk has been observed in the studied population. However, its impact on health as well as the efficiency of simple preventive recommendations remains to be unveiled.

Emulsions based on licorice essential oil (LEO) were prepared under different homogenization conditions (ultra-homogenization (U1) or U1 together with sonication (U2)). The obtained emulsions were incorporated into the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) film. The results showed that U2 caused significant changes in the size and the surface charge of the emulsions. Remarkable differences in the microstructure were observed between the U1 and the U2 emulsion-based films as revealed by SEM and AFM. Both emulsions reduced the rigidity and increased the flexibility of the films. The film made from the CMC alone had a water vapor permeability (WVP) of 2.66 × 10 -9 g m -1 s -1 Pa -1 , while the CMC film made from U2 emulsion had a WVP of 1.87 × 10 -9 g m -1 s -1 Pa -1 . Also, the film containing 0.0125% U1-LEO exhibited antibacterial activity on gram-positive bacteria only while the film containing 0.0125% U2-LEO demonstrated antibacterial activity on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

According to a large morphological dataset of specimens from Turkey to Iran and based on several morphological analyses, the Iranian populations of the skink Heremites vittatus are separated from other populations of this taxon in Turkey. The values of most of morphological characters were higher in the Turkish populations. Morphological variation among populations of H. vittatus (Olivier, 1804) from Turkey and the western slopes of the Zagros Mountains in Kermanshah province in Iran may be the result of different dispersal and vicariance events. Comparison the current study dataset with specimens from Egypt can definite the taxonomic status of Iranian and Turkish populations.

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root essential oil (GGEO) has well-known antimicrobial and therapeutic features. In this study, a new antimicrobial carboxymethyl cellulose-polyvinyl alcohol (CMC-PVA) binary film was developed using GGEO as an active compound. The effects of various concentrations of GGEO (0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%) were scrutinized on the physicochemical and antibacterial properties of composites. It was discovered that GGEO significantly reduced the composite ultimate tensile strength from 17.01 to 3.86 MPa. Further, by increasing the concentration of GGEO to 0.75%, the water vapor permeability and moisture content increased to 13.61 × 10 -9  g/m s -1  Pa -1 and 41.06%, respectively. The results indicated that the active films possessed good inhibitory effects against the gram-positive bacteria ( L. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus ) and were less powerful against gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli and S. typhimurium ). Finally, the results highlighted that GGEO can act as an excellent antimicrobial agent in combination with CMC-PVA composite., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest to declare., (© 2021 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: The ability of mercury to deposit throughout the body and alter a wide range of molecular and cellular pathways results in a polymorphic and complex clinical phenotype with over 250 possible symptoms. However, some of them are recurrently cited as evoking chronic mercury poisoning. In this light, dentists users of dental amalgams are chronically exposed to mercury so that in-depth epidemiological investigations and adapted statistical methods are required to highlight adverse effects of this exposure., Methods: In order to study the health impact of the occupational mercury exposure in a population of liberal dentists practicing in two Moroccan regions, a list of eighteen subjective symptoms commonly associated with micro-hydrargyrism was drawn up. Then, seven statisctical models adapted to count data were fitted. Finally, three methods were used to compare their relative performance in order to choose the most appropriate one., Results: The adopted logical path, from the response variable selection till models' comparison, led us to lean towards quasi-Poisson regression as the best way to predict the number of symptoms declared by dentists according to mercury exposure., Conclusions: Interpretation of the selected model allowed us to conclude that the reduction of dental amalgam use allows the reduction of subjective symptoms related to mercury exposure., (© 2021 Attiya N., et al.)

The effect of Nano-emulsion (NE) and Macro-emulsion (ME) of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) on the properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based films was investigated. MEs (diameters of 242-362 nm) and NEs (diameters of 59-80 nm) of CEO were produced through Ultra-Turrax and Ultrasonication, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed different morphologies in the films containing ME and NE, also a denser and more uniform microstructure was observed in the NE films in comparison with the ME ones. The higher stability of NE in the CMC matrix, increased the thickness of the resulted films. The water vapor permeability (WVP) was increased from 2.59 × 10 -9  g/ms Pa in the control film to 4.43 × 10 -9  g/m s Pa in the ME film, and decreased to 1.80 × 10 -9  g/ms Pa in the NE film. Adding CEO led to more flexible films with enhanced strain at break (SAB) from 53.56% in the control film to 80% and 94.77% in the ME and NE films, respectively. The antifungal indices against A. niger and M. racemous were 14.16% and 20.82% in the ME films, and were improved to 18.81% and 25% in the NE ones., (© 2020 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Introduction: mercury exposure is recognized as a worldwide public health concern. However, the effect of long-term exposure to low-doses of this heavy metal is still subject to debate. Due to the use of mercury in dental amalgam, dental health care professionals are chronically exposed to low-doses of this metal. In this context, we have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey among liberal dentists in two regions of the center of Morocco. In parallel, the global health status of participants was investigated to assess the relevance of a subsequent etiological survey., Methods: data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Occupational exposure of dentists to mercury was evaluated based on their use of dental amalgam. Moreover, the other common factors increasing the background pollution or inducing exposure peaks were also investigated. On the other hand, smoking, vaccination, fish consumption, and the number of dental amalgam in mouth were considered as non-occupational exposure sources. Finally, the self-reported global health problems of participants were collected., Results: 192 dentists were included in the present study. Seventy-six percent (76.04%) of them declared using dental amalgam in their practice. Moreover, the presence of dental amalgam in mouth was identified as the main non-occupational source of exposure to mercury (63.45% of participants). Finally, most of participants (46.35%) have expressed neuropsychological complaints., Conclusion: altogether, our results revealed a real mercury exposure in the studied population. Thus, effective preventive measures should be promoted to minimize the mercury exposure in dental offices. Moreover, an etiological study will be of great interest to reveal the impact of mercury exposure in this population., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d´intérêts., (© Nourdine Attiya et al.)

Introduction: Cryptosporidium is a coccidian parasite that can infect most mammals, including humans. This parasite is an important cause of neonatal diarrhea and morbidity in calves, causing substantial economic loss to animal husbandry. Because of the importance of this parasite in calves, this study was designed in order to determine prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. among calves under one year old in Ilam county (Iran)., Methods: Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was estimated using a cross-sectional study. Fecal samples from 400 calves under 1 year old were collected in Ilam County, from March 2014 to February 2015 and they were microscopically analyzed using modified Ziehl-Neelsen method (mZN)., Results: The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis in calves was 16% (64/400). According to age categories, the highest infection was observed in calves under one month old, and the lowest infection occurred in calves 6 to 12 months old. Age was significantly associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection (p<0.05). The prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis in diarrheic and none diarrheic calves was 27.3 and 12.4 % respectively, which indicated a significant association between positivity and diarrhea (p<0.05). The highest prevalence was observed in winter followed by autumn, spring and summer respectively. No statically difference was found between prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis and seasons of sampling. Also, calves' gender was not associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection in this study., Conclusion: Our results provide useful information about the distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. Also, the role of potential risk factors including age, sex, clinical status and seasons of sampling was indicated in studied calves from Ilam County., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: There is no conflict of interest to be declared.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0611-7.].

The aim of study was to describe clinico histopathological manifestations of cutaneous and gastric habronemiasis in horse. The adult worms live on the wall of the stomach and cutaneous of the host without internal migration. A 5 year old 700 kg warm-blood, cross gelding was referred to the Tehran School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The horse presented skin lesions around. In our survey, several raised granulomatous nodules with a cystic space and parasites within the cysts were observed. Also gastric rupture at greater curvature due to abscess and perforation through the serosa causing diffused peritonitis and subsequent death. Eosinophils and other inflammatory cells were present in large numbers. Furthermore, cutaneous lesions were characterized by single or multiple ulcerated timorous masses with eosinophil epithelioid cell infiltration and scattered necrotic debris. Granulation tissue and neutrophils were observed along the ulcerated area. In this report a case of cutaneous and gastric habronemiasis in a horse in Iran is described with special attention to confirmation of the clinical diagnosis.

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of ectoparasite infestations in stray dogs in Mazandaran, Gilan and Qazvin Provinces in fall and winter in 2013(December to March)., Methods: Seventy dogs in 2013, from these Provinces were examined for ectoparasite infestation and diagnosis of them based on parasitological methods and identification keys was done., Results: The rate of infestation in these areas was 100%, 68.5% and 93.3% respectively. Fleas were the most common ectoparasites on dogs in this study followed by lice, ticks, flies and mites respectively. The isolated arthropods were fleas in 77.5%, lice in 50%, ticks in 8.6%, flies in 6.8% and mites in 5.1% of infested dogs. The ectoparasite of the dogs included 4 flea species: Ctenocephalides canis (29.8%), C. felis (19.9%), Pulex iritans (2.9%) and Xenopsiella cheopis (0.7%), 1 louse species: Trichodectes canis (41.3%), 1 tick species: Rhipicephalus sanguinus (0.7%), 1 fly species: Hippobosca sp. (1.1%) and 1 mite species: Sarcoptes scabiei (3.6%)., Conclusion: Fleas and lice were the most common ectoparasites in stray dogs of the studied area. Some ectoparasites transmit important human disease, therefore regular monitoring of them is a major concern to control the arthropods and arthropods-borne diseases.

This survey was performed to find out the infestation rate of Ixodidae ticks in domestic ruminants in Ilam County during 21 March 2009 to 23 August 2009. Sampling was performed in 25 villages and 15 animal farm from different areas of this County. A total of 1,316 ticks were collected from 416 cattle, 208 sheep and 147 goats. The overall prevalence of ticks was recorded: 43, 23.5, and 49/6 % in cattle, sheep, and goats respectively. The number of ticks that collected from cattle, sheep, and goat were 328, 573, and 415 respectively. According to the host, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (71.4 %), Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum (17.6 %) and Rhipicephalus bursa (11 %) were collected from cattle. Hy. anatolicum (32.1 %), Rh. bursa (42.2 %), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (17.3 %) and Haemaphysalis inermis (8.4 %) were collected in sheep. Rh. bursa (41.5 %), Rh. sanguineus (43.2 %) and Ha. inermis (15.3 %) were observed in goats. In this study, ticks infestation rate of cattle, sheep and goat were (43 %), (23.5 %) and (49.6 %) respectively. In this survey the ticks distribution on the body surface of infested ruminants the highest infestation was found in the udder and tail (21 %) in cattle, ear (42.5 %) and tail (30 %) in sheep and ear (63 %) and tail (17 %) in goats. The lowest number of ticks in body surface of ruminants was observed in the ear and shoulder (2 %) in cattle, head and neck (2 %) in sheep and udder (7 %) in goats. Hy. anatolicum anatolicum, Rh. Sanguineus and Rh.bursa were dominant tick in domestic ruminants of Ilam County.

Parasitic diseases of wild birds follows its companion volume, infectious diseases of wild birds, both of which complement the third edition of infectious diseases of wild mammals and second edition of parasitic diseases of wild mammals. In October 2012, a mature black male mynah with lack of balance and ataxia was brought into the birds department of educational hospital in veterinary medicine faculty of Tehran University. Because of no cure in clinical signs after several days of empirical therapy euthanasia and clinical pathology studies were performed. There was no microscopic pathological lesions in brain, bone marrow, heart, lung, liver and the microscopic results were as following; bone marrow: hemophagocytosis reactive macrophages, liver: infiltration of inflammatory cells (hepatitis) and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Lung: hemosiderin-laden macrophages and spleen findings: infiltration of inflammatory cells, heterophils with phagocytic bacteria. In abdominal cavity two male and one female parasite was detect. Three parasites were cleared with lactophenol and investigated under the light microscopy and important morphological parts of them measured. Also these parasites in serum containing send to the department of parasitology. Based on all collecting data, Spinodiplotriaena (three parasites each by the length of 2/5, 1/7 and 1/5 cm were found) were diagnosed. Report of this case in important because of first report of this infection in a black mynah in Iran.

The generally warm, moist environmental conditions in the Northwestern Iran are ideal for survival and growth of the egg and larval stages of Haemonchus contortus and other gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of sheep and goats.A total of 2,421 animals were slaughtered and examined from July 2010 to July 2011 in Urmia abattoir. In case of sheep, 225 out of 2,421 were positive and prevalence of H. contortus infestation was 9.3 %. Sex wise prevalence of H. contortus in sheep was 33.08 % (76/229) in male and 66.22 % (149/225) in female. The females indicated significantly (P < 0.05) higher prevalence (66.22 %) as compared to males (33.08 %). The highest prevalence was recorded in the spring (April) and the lowest was in summer (July), respectively. On microscopic examination, infiltration of mononuclear cells and eosinophils in gastric glands, periglandular hyperemia and hemorrhage, mucous gland hyperplasia, connective tissue proliferation and necrosis was observed. Also, in mixed abomasal infection with Haemonchus and Ostertagia species, mucosal hyperplasia and increased mucous glands and sometimes cystic glands were seen. Statistical analysis using SPSS software, and Chi-square test, demonstrated a non-significant difference between ages and abomasal PH values of infected and healthy sheep (P < 0.05). But the difference between sexes, seasons and abomasal lesions was significant (P > 0.05).

This article documents the addition of 396 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anthocidaris crassispina, Aphis glycines, Argyrosomus regius, Astrocaryum sciophilum, Dasypus novemcinctus, Delomys sublineatus, Dermatemys mawii, Fundulus heteroclitus, Homalaspis plana, Jumellea rossii, Khaya senegalensis, Mugil cephalus, Neoceratitis cyanescens, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Phytophthora infestans, Piper cordulatum, Pterocarpus indicus, Rana dalmatina, Rosa pulverulenta, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Scomber colias, Semecarpus kathalekanensis, Stichopus monotuberculatus, Striga hermonthica, Tarentola boettgeri and Thermophis baileyi. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aphis gossypii, Sooretamys angouya, Euryoryzomys russatus, Fundulus notatus, Fundulus olivaceus, Fundulus catenatus, Fundulus majalis, Jumellea fragrans, Jumellea triquetra Jumellea recta, Jumellea stenophylla, Liza richardsonii, Piper marginatum, Piper aequale, Piper darienensis, Piper dilatatum, Rana temporaria, Rana iberica, Rana pyrenaica, Semecarpus anacardium, Semecarpus auriculata, Semecarpus travancorica, Spondias acuminata, Holigarna grahamii, Holigarna beddomii, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Tarentola delalandii, Tarentola caboverdianus and Thermophis zhaoermii., (© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)

Peripancreatic fluid collections are among the common post pancreas transplant complications, which are mainly due to leakage from the anastomosis site to bowel and graft pancreatitis. Differentiation between these two entities is important because they are treated differently. In this case, secretin stimulated magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed gradual intraperitoneal fluid collection and accumulation of fluid in small bowel excluded leakage from the anastomosis of the pancreas to bowel and changed the management from surgery to medical treatment.