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3. Impact of dams and climate on the evolution of the sediment loads to the sea by the Mejerda River (Golf of Tunis) using a paleo-hydrological approach

Author

Sihem Benabdallah, Claudine Dieulin, Gil Mahé, Malik Bentkaya, Roget Calvez, Hamadi Habaieb, Fatma Kotti, Laurent Dezileau, Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux, Soliman, and Centre National des Sciences et Technologies Nucléaires, Sidi Thabet

Subjects
Tunisia, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Coastal geography, Silt, 01 natural sciences, Flood, Mejerda River, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, Dam, Paleo-hydrology, Sediment, Geology, Sedimentation, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Meander, Sedimentary rock, Alluvium, Sediment transport
Abstract

The Mejerda River is the one of the major rivers in Tunisia and several studies dealt with the importance of this river in terms of ecology, geochemistry and sociology. However, the sedimentary contributions to the coastal zone from the Mejerda River were poorly observed, and we did not find any continuous monitoring. The main objective of this work is to assess the impact of reduction on sediment transport from the upper basins to the coastal area, after the construction of large dams which may have strong and long-lasting effects on coastal geomorphology and ecosystems. In this paper, a paleo-hydrological approach was applied through the study of sediment cores sampled in the low valley meander on alluvial terrace. We attempt to emphasize, through this approach, the reduction in sediment loads to the sea (Gulf of Tunis) due to the construction of dams on the Mejerda River and to changes in climate conditions. Three cores (C1, C3, C5) were sampled in the lower part of the Mejerda near the hydrometric station of Jdaida with different depths (0.9 m, 1.2 m and 3.0 m) and in different dates (2014–2015). Visible successions of sedimentary layers corresponding to the deposits of successive flood events were identified and the history of the sedimentary contributions to the Mejerda was reconstructed. The thickest layers of sedimentary deposits were related to the exceptional events. They are mainly concentrated on the lower part of the core and are predominantly composed of sands. Since the construction of the Sidi Salem dam in 1981, all of the cores C1, C3 and specially C5 presented mostly a succession of small layers of fine material (silt or clay) without any sand deposits in the downstream River bed. In C5, 18 individual slackwater flood units were identified. A strong decrease in the accumulation rate of sediment was observed based on the length of the flood units and the number of years between flood events. A lower sedimentation rate is observed between 1982 and 2015 of about 2.3 cm/year, while it was much more important between 1963 and 1981 of about 4.75 cm/year, and around 10 cm/year between 1950 and 1962. The statistical study of precipitation indicated three climatic successive periods between 1951 and 2009 characterized as wet, dry and intermediate. Thus, the sediment rate was higher before 1974 reaching about 8.47 cm/year for the wet condition, of about 4 cm/year for the dry period between 1974 and 1989, and about 1.6 cm/year in the intermediate period afterward to 2009 that also witnessed the construction of the major dams.

Published
2018
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4. Etude de l'impact des barrages sur la réduction des transports sédimentaires jusqu'à la mer par approche paléohydrologique dans la basse vallée de la Medjerda

Author

Fatma Kotti, Gil Mahé, Malik Bentkaya, Laurent Dezileau, Claudine Dieulin, Hamadi Habaieb, Oula Amrouni, INAT Laboratoire Recherche-Développement Sciences et Technologie de l'Eau (INAT-LRSTE), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage-INAT, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Agronomique de Tunis (TUNISIE), Centre National des Sciences et Technologies Nucléaires [Tunisie] (CNSTN), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), Nous remercions l'Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie et son Directeur Monsieur Mahmoud Elyes Hamza, pour le soutien logistique et financier, et pour l'octroi d'une bourse de stage à l'Université de Montpellier. Le programme Campus France est particulièrement remercié pour l'attribution d'une bourse Eiffel de séjour long en France, ainsi que l'IRD pour une bourse de séjour scientifique long en France. Nous remercions aussi le Centre National des Sciences et Technologies Nucléaires pour la disponibilité du matériel de carottage., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mahé, Gil (ed.), Heal, K. (ed.), Gupta, A.B. (ed.), and Aksoy, H. (ed.)

Subjects
REGIME HYDROLOGIQUE, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, QUALITE DE L'EAU, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Structural basin, Silt, 01 natural sciences, FACTEUR ANTHROPIQUE, AMENAGEMENT HYDRAULIQUE, BARRAGE, SEDIMENTATION MARINE, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Wadi, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, EAU DE SURFACE, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Sediment, General Medicine, MODELISATION, 020801 environmental engineering, BASSIN VERSANT, lcsh:Geology, COURS D'EAU, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Sedimentary rock, Alluvium, TRANSPORT SOLIDE, PALEOHYDROLOGIE, Sediment transport, Geology
Abstract

The sedimentary contributions of the Medjerda to the coastal zone are poorly measured, and there is no chronicle of observations. In this context, the sediment monitoring appears indispensable for the quantification of sediment transport at the outlet. This study focuses on the largest watershed in Tunisia, the Wadi Medjerda (23 600 km2). The main objective of this work is to assess the reduction of sediment transport following anthropogenic intensification on the basin, especially since the construction of many large dams. In order to collect information on actual deposits over several years, the paleo-hydrological approach was applied through the study of sediment cores sampled in the low valley meanders on alluvial terraces, after the last dam (Sidi Salem, the largest water storage capacity over the basin), but before the estuary to avoid marine influence and near a hydrological station (Jdaida). The sedimentary deposits of the river provide key information on the past sedimentary inputs. A visible succession of sedimentary layers corresponding to the deposits of successive floods on the study site has been determined and the history of the sedimentary contributions of the Medjerda is reconstructed by this approach. The thickest layers of sedimentary deposits are related to exceptional events. They are mainly concentrated on the lower part of the core and are mainly composed of sands. The first 1.2 m of the core from the bottom upward relates to 10 years of river discharges, as can be determined from the 137Cs datation. The next upward 1.05 m of core relates to the following 20 years of discharges, up to 1981, date of the construction of the Sidi Salem dam, and is composed of a mix of sand, silts and clays. The last 75 cm of core near the surface is only composed of clays with thin silt bands, and relates to a period of 32 years. We thus observe that there is no more sand deposits in the river bed since the construction of the Sidi Salem dam. The deficit of sediment supply to the sea is viewed as a major factor to be taken into account for better understanding of the dynamics of coastal areas in the context of global climate change.

Published
2018
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5. Paleobiodiversity and tectono-sedimentary records in the Mediterranean tethys and related eastern areas

Author

Thouraya Benmoussa, Saadi Abdeljaouad, Samia Khsiba, Kerim Mustapha, Mounir Medhioub, Oula Amrouni, Abdelaziz Sebei, Alessio Satta, Yu Fisjak, Lassâad Chouba, Nejmeddine Akrout, Laurent Dezileau, Nadia Gaâloul, Alberto Sánchez, Fatma Kotti, Hakim Abichou, Michel Condomines, Claudine Dieulin, Ahmed Ghadoum, Abderraouf Hzami, Hechmi Missaoui, Nabil Khélifi, François Sabatier, Wième Ouertani, Domenico Chiarella, Chrystelle Bancon-Montigny, Abdallah Hattour, Boughdiri, M. (ed.), Badenas, B. (ed.), Selden, P. (ed.), Jaillard, E. (ed.), Bengtson, P. (ed.), Granier, B.R.C. (ed.), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Université de Tunis, Department of Earth Sciences, University of London, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), University of London [London], Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National du Patrimoine - Tunisie (INP), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), DICAAR, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ECOSYSTEME, Ecology (disciplines), 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Mediterranean, Coastal geography, 01 natural sciences, FACTEUR ANTHROPIQUE, Sensitivity, Hydrology (agriculture), Mediterranean sea, Multidisciplinary approach, SEDIMENTATION MARINE, COTE, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Coast, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Sediment, GEOMORPHOLOGIE, RYSCMED, EVOLUTION, 6. Clean water, COURS D'EAU, GEOCHIMIE, 13. Climate action, FACTEUR CLIMATIQUE, MER, Medjerda River, Environmental science, business, ZONE HUMIDE, ECOLOGIE
Abstract

The present work is based on The RYSCMED project supported by PHC-UTIQUE 2016-2018 (16G 1005 –34854QC). The RYSCMED is an interdisciplinary project which gathers different disciplines (e.g. sedimentology, hydrology, geochemistry, ecology, paleontology, biochemistry, archeology) to quantify the sediment flow of the land-sea. This research aims at identifying coastal sediment dynamics (via the sand supply sources; i.e. Medjerda River) and hydrodynamic parameters to understand the local environmental problems in an urbanized coastal framework. The outcome is expected to produce original and new findings about the link between dams, river hydrology and sediment origin to the sea, with the impact of climate and anthropogenic activities on the coastal geomorphology and ecosystem sensitivity. The main scientific outcome will be addressed to the socio-economic actors to implement necessary solutions for remediating the Mediterranean coastal vulnerability. (Abstract author)

Published
2019
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6. Recent advances in environmental science from the Euro-Mediterranean and surrounding regions

Author

Ilias Kacimi, Mohamed Meddi, Oula Amrouni, Fatma Kotti, Hamadi Habaieb, Saadi Abdeljaouad, Rajae El Aoula, Abderraouf Hzami, Laurent Dezileau, Thouraya Ben Moussa, Abderrahmane Khedimallah, Gil Mahé, Nadia Mhammdi, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Mohammed V, Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA), Ecole Nationale Superieure d'Hydraulique [Blida, Algérie], Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Kallel A., Ksibi M., Ben Dhia H., Khélifi N., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal] (UM5), Kallel, A. (ed.), Ksibi, M. (ed.), Ben Dhia, H. (ed.), and Khélifi, N. (ed.)

Subjects
REGIME HYDROLOGIQUE, Irrigation, ECHANTILLONNAGE, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, MORPHOLOGIE, North africa, Sands, SEDIMENT, Coastal morphological changes Sands, Potable water, Rivers, EVALUATION, AMENAGEMENT HYDRAULIQUE, BARRAGE, SEDIMENTATION MARINE, SABLE, SYNTHESE, Hydrology, ZONE COTIERE, Sediment, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Sediment transport, North Africa, 6. Clean water, COURS D'EAU, Coastal morphological changes, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, TRANSPORT SOLIDE, Surface runoff, METHODOLOGIE, Dams, IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Abstract

Proceedings of Euro-Mediterranean Conference for Environmental Integration (EMCEI-1), Tunisia 2017; A great number of rivers of North Africa are equipped with many dams for multiple purposes, mainly potable water, irrigation and energy production. In most of the countries—Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, the storage capacity exceeds the runoff capacity, which means that water is stored several times in a row during its course to the sea.

Published
2018
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7. Soil moisture mapping in a semiarid region, based on ASAR/Wide Swath satellite data

Author

Mehrez Zribi, Rim Amri, Fatma Kotti, Marouen Shabou, Nicolas Baghdadi, Wolfgang Wagner, and Zohra Lili-Chabaane

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Moisture, Surface moisture, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, law.invention, law, Satellite data, Environmental science, Precipitation, Radar, 020701 environmental engineering, Water content, Change detection, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Remote sensing
Abstract

In this paper, an operational algorithm is proposed for the mapping of surface moisture over the northern and central parts of Tunisia, in North Africa. A change detection approach is applied, using 160 multiincidence Envisat ASAR Wide Swath images acquired in the horizontal polarization over a 7 year period. Parameterization of this algorithm is considered for three classes of vegetation cover density (NDVI

Published
2014
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8. Soil texture estimation over a semiarid area using TerraSAR-X radar data

Author

Rim Amri, Zohra Lili-Chabaane, Mehrez Zribi, Benoît Duchemin, Abdelghani Chehbouni, Fatma Kotti, N. Ben Issa, Nicolas Baghdadi, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAT Laboratoire Recherche-Développement Sciences et Technologie de l'Eau (INAT-LRSTE), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage-INAT, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil texture, soil clay, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, 01 natural sciences, Texture (geology), law.invention, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, law, Radar imaging, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radar, Water content, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, modeling, soil texture, 15. Life on land, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Mapping, Soil water, Empirical relationship, Geology, radar, TerraSAR-X
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE; In this letter, it is proposed to use TerraSAR-X data for analysis and estimation of soil surface texture. Our study is based on experimental campaigns carried out over a semiarid area in North Africa. Simultaneously with TerraSAR-X radar acquisitions, ground measurements (texture, soil moisture, and roughness) were made on different test fields. A strong correlation is observed between soil texture and a processed signal from two radar images, with the first acquired just after a rain event and the second corresponding to dry soil conditions, acquired three weeks later. An empirical relationship is proposed for the retrieval from radar signals of clay content percent. Soil texture mapping is proposed over the study site, which includes bare soils and olive groves.

Published
2012
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