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Pronunciation instruction studies have taken considerable attention in the field of foreign language teaching and research in recent years. For this systematic review, only the intervention studies indexed in SSCI were included. A literature search up to April 2024 was conducted using the Web of Science and relevant meta-analytic studies. Fifty-five interventions met the eligibility criteria based on the PRISMA 2020. This review is twofold: to examine the effects of English L2 pronunciation instruction and to identify the methodological status of these studies in terms of treatment formulation, design, sampling type/size, treatment duration, and outcome measures. Results showed that pronunciation instruction treatments positively affected L2 users’ pronunciation performance. Regarding research methodology, the studies employed mostly pre- and post-tests, with at least one experimental group having relatively few delayed tests. The most common participant group was undergraduate students with pre-intermediate and intermediate levels. The participants' performance tended to be measured through technological tools in recent years. The suprasegmental features of speech that occurred with greater frequency compared to the mere segmental features. These studies also tended to include native speakers’ ratings in the assessment phase of the instruction. The findings of this study are assumed to provide insights and recommendations for future research studies in L2 pronunciation.

Background/Aims: Hepatitis B virus infection continues to be a major global and national public health concern. The aim of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus in children who were consulted to child health and diseases before dental intervention and to share our findings with the healthcare personnel involved on this subject. Methods: A total of 932 children were enrolled in the study, of which 533 (57.2%) were boys and 399 (42.8%) were girls. In the blood samples taken; hepatitis B virus tests were studied with the Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay method. The results of blood samples and demographic data of the patients were evaluated. Results: HBsAg positivity was not found in any of the patients (0%). AntiHbs seropositivity was found in 73.8% of the whole patient population. No statistically significant difference was detected when comparing the anti-HBs levels based on gender. The average age of children with antiHbs seropositive was found to be statistically significant lower than that of those with antiHBs negative. The median anti-HBS antibody levels were significantly higher in the group of children under 5 years old than in the other two age groups older than five years old in our study. When investigating the association between the level of antiHBs and age, a weak negative correlation was found. Conclusions: Our study showed that the antiHbs seropositivity is higher in Konya compared to previous studies. It suggests that the national vaccination program has a positive impact on antiHbs seroprevalence. Our study revealed that children under the age of five displayed the highest levels of anti-HBs seropositivity, while the anti-HBs levels diminished with advancing age.

Bu çalışma tüketicilerin ızgara eti tüketim tercihlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın materyalini 406 kişiden yüz yüze anket yöntemi ile toplanan veriler oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada ankete dahil olan tüketicilerin tamamının et tükettiği belirlenmiştir. Değişkenlerin ortalama ve korelasyon değerlerine bakıldığında az pişmiş et değişkeninin ortalaması 1,863 ile katılımcıların nadiren tercih ettiğini göstermektedir. Diğer ortalama ve korelasyon değerleri incelendiğinde orta pişmiş et değişkeni 3,149; çok pişmiş et değişkeni 2,887; lezzet değişkeni ise 2,674 ortalama değerine sahip olması bu şekildeki etleri katılımcıların zaman zaman tercih ettiğini göstermiştir. Katılımcıların cinsiyeti ve ızgara eti tüketim tercihleri incelendiğinde orta pişmiş değişkeninde katılımcı cinsiyetinde anlamlı bir fark gözlenmezken (P>0,05); az pişmiş, çok pişmiş ve lezzet değişkenleri ile cinsiyet grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark (P

Bu çalışmanın konusu Türkiye’de 2005-2015 yılları arasında yazılan ve YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezinde bulunan Din Sosyolojisi alanındaki yüksek lisans ve doktora tezlerinin konusuna, ele aldıklarını ana kavrama, türüne, danışman unvanına, yazıldığı yıla ve üniversiteye göre incelenmesidir. Bu araştırmamız, din sosyolojisi alanındaki tezlere hızlı, kolay ulaşım ve alanı bütüncül görme problemine çözüm arayışının bir ürünü olarak nitelenebilir. Bu araştırma sayesinde, araştırılmak istenen konunun, din sosyolojisi alan yazınındaki mevcut durumu daha net görülecek; tekrarlardan arınık, yeni ve özgün çalışmalar için imkân sağlanmış olacaktır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Yapılan bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre; Türkiye’de Din Sosyolojisi alanında yapılan çalışmaların büyük kısmını yüksek lisans tezleri oluşturmaktadır. 2005-2015 yılları arasında yazılan tezlerde en çok “dini hayat” (n=32) kavramı ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra sırasıyla “kadın” (n=23), “din görevlileri” (n=21), “dindarlık” (n=13) ve “Alevilik” (n=12) kavramları üzerinde araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Tezlerin teorik/ampirik olarak kategorik dağılımına bakıldığında yüksek lisans düzeyindeki bilimsel çalışmaların 114’ü kuramsal din sosyolojisi araştırması, 134’ü ise ampirik çalışmadır. Doktora tezlerinde ise ampirik çalışmaların ağırlığının daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tezlerin konu edilen Din Sosyolojisi genel konusuna göre dağılımına bakıldığında daha çok “toplumsal yapı ve kurumlar üzerine” çalışmalar yapıldığı görülmüştür.

This study aimed to determine non-native speakers of English academics’ knowledge and awareness of conventions and norms of academic writing (AW), to develop an online professional development model addressing all disciplines, and to evaluate the effect of this model on their AW performances with their views on the model. The study was based on the mixed methods evaluation design. The participants were nine academics in educational and social sciences at a state university in Turkey. An online professional development model encompassing eight themes related to AW was developed. Data were collected through pre- and post-tutorial semi-structured interviews and writing tasks. Textual and content analyses were used for the qualitative data, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was performed for quantitative analysis. The results showed that before the tutoring, the participants acknowledged various difficulties regarding AW conventions and norms. The data after the online asynchronous tutoring showed that explicit instruction increased the participants’ knowledge and awareness, and the proposed model contributed to their writing performances, and promoted their AW skills. However, participants’ hedging use was found limited to modal verbs use. Paraphrasing tasks also showed significant differences between before and after tutoring writing tasks. Participants highlighted the importance of long-term implementational writing instruction.

Aim: The accuracy of three electronic apex locators (EALs) during retreatment of root-end resected teeth with different resection bevel angles were evaluated in the present study. Materials and Methods: Forty mandibular premolar teeth were divided into two groups regarding resection bevel angle after root canal filling. In the first group, the apical 3 mm of each specimen was resected at a 0-degree bevel angle using a diamond bur. The resection bevel angle was approximately 45-degree in the second group. Electronic length measurements were obtained with a size 15 K-file advanced apically in dissolved gutta percha using Dentaport ZX, Propex Pixi, and Apit 15. The filling materials were then completely removed from the root canals, and the actual lengths up to the resection region were determined. The actual length was subtracted from the electronic length measurements for each specimen. Measurements were analyzed statistically using independent sample t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Bonferroni tests. The level of statistical significance was defined as P

Although snail meat is an important source of protein in terms of human nutrition, it has found a place in the eating and drinking culture of very few communities. Consumption of snail meat is socially accepted in many parts of the Cyprus. It is called as “Garavolli” by the Cypriot people and is also one of the most delicious appetizers. This research is important in determining the consumption behaviour of the people of the Northern Cyprus and determining their preferences depending on cooking methods. According to the results of this study, 32.7% of the participants do not consume snail meat, while 67.3% of them consume snail meat. It is consumed more at home (41.3%), compared to consuming at restaurants (38.1%). While 47% of participants consuming preferred to consume as boiled (with olive oil and vinegar), 3.8% of them preferred to consume as grilled. The most preferred method of cooking is boiling then dipping it to olive oil and vinegar. As we see from the answers, habits directly effect on preference to consume or not to consume the snail meat.

Heat-resistant moulds (HRMs) are the spoilage factors of thermally processed products such as pasteurised items and fruit products, which may cause financial losses and decrease food quality. Various variables may play a role in food contamination by HRMs, such as the processing environment, packaging, staff practices and air in the production site. Prevention of spoilage by HRMs for processed food products can be done through the reduction and decontamination of these microorganisms. This review aims to provide a perception of HRM and mycotoxin contamination, assessment, prevention and their consequences for food and human health.

Objective:Late neonatal hypocalcemia (LNH) is a common metabolic problem associated with hypoparathyroidism, high phosphate intake and vitamin D deficiency, often presenting with seizures. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the role of vitamin D deficiency in LNH in Turkey and to describe the characteristics of affected newborns.Methods:Conducted with a cross-sectional design and with the participation of 61 neonatal centers from December 2015 to December 2016, the study included term neonates with LNH (n=96) and their mothers (n=93). Data were registered on the FAVOR Web Registry System. Serum samples of newborns and mothers were analyzed for calcium, phosphate, magnesium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels.Results:The median (range) onset time of hypocalcemia was 5.0 (4.0-8.0) days of age, with a male preponderance (60.4%). The median (range) serum 25(OH)D levels of the neonates and their mothers were 6.3 (4.1-9.05) and 5.2 (4.7-8.8) ng/mL, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (

Background: Healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) in the neonatal period cause substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of HAIs, antimicrobial susceptibility of causative agents, and the adaptivity of the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria in neonatal HAI diagnosis. Methods: A HAI point prevalence survey was conducted in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of 31 hospitals from different geographic regions in Turkey. Results: The Point HAI prevalence was 7.6%. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) and late onset sepsis were predominant. The point prevalence of VAP was 2.1%, and the point prevalence of CLABSI was 1.2% in our study. The most common causative agents in HAIs were Gram-negative rods (43.0%), and the most common agent was Klebsiella spp (24.6%); 81.2% of these species were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) (+). Blood culture positivity was seen in 33.3% of samples taken from the umbilical venous catheter, whereas 0.9% of samples of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) were positive. In our study, 60% of patients who had culture positivity in endotracheal aspirate or who had purulent endotracheal secretions did not have any daily FiO2 change (p = 0.67) and also 80% did not have any increase in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (p = 0.7). On the other hand, 18.1% of patients who had clinical deterioration compatible with VAP did not have endotracheal culture positivity (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Neonatal HAIs are frequent adverse events in district and regional hospitals. This at-risk population should be prioritized for HAI surveillance and prevention programs through improved infection prevention practices, and hand hygiene compliance should be conducted. CDC diagnostic criteria are not sufficient for NICUs. Future studies are warranted for the diagnosis of HAIs in NICUs.

The infected pulp, microorganisms toxins, metabolic products, chemical agents, mechanical irritations, foreign substances, trauma and host defense plays a role in the periapical tissue diseases. Options for the treatment of large periapical lesions range from non-surgical root canal treatment and/or apical surgery to extraction. Although apical surgery may be a treatment option in these cases, conventional root canal treatment should be the first choice. The aim of this case report is to report that the large size of a periapical lesion does not always need a surgical approach and even large periapical lesions heal following a conservative endodontic therapy.

Previous in vitro studies suggest a direct relevance for the peptide–free lipid fraction (LF) of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in biological mechanisms related to wound healing. However, there are no scientific reports to date on the wound healing activities of this lipid component in vivo. Thus, the present study provides a scientific evaluation for the wound healing potential of the lipid portion of the activated PRP. For the wound healing activity assessment, in vivo full‐thickness excisional wounds were created on the dorsal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats. Lipid extract from pooled PRP was applied topically to the wounds on 0, 3, and 7 days after injury. Histological assessment of epidermal and dermal regeneration, granulation tissue thickness and angiogenesis by Sirius red and Masson’s trichrome staining, in addition to immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), collagen type I (COL I), and collagen type III (COL III) were performed on skin biopsies at 3, 7 and 14 days. The total histological scores of the LF group were significantly higher than the 25% dimethylsulfoxide-control group. According to the immunohistochemical staining, the observed expression changes for TGF-β1, COL I and III at 3, 7, and 14 days after wounding were significantly better in the study group than the control group. Furthermore, COL I/III ratio in the lipid extract-treated group at day 14 was much higher than that of the control group. Meanwhile, analysis of the data also indicated that the LF has less positive effects on all evaluated parameters than PRP. From the present data, it could be concluded that the peptide–free LF of PRP has potent wound healing capacity in vivo for cutaneous wounds, although not as much as that of PRP. Strengthening our understanding of the wound healing potential of lipid components of PRP and platelet-derived lipid factors may provide new avenues for improving the healing process of a wound with elevated protease activity.

One of the solution methods of ordinary and partial differentialequations is integral transform. Newly introduced Sumudu transform provides analternative integral transform which gives us an efficient tool to solveinitial-boundary value problems. In this work, it is obtained solutions to somedynamic problems which arise in physics and engineering.

Sürekli değişim gösteren tüketici beklentileri gerçeği ile karşı karşıya olan işletmeler bu süreçte pazarlama faaliyetlerini dinamik tutmak zorundadırlar. Deneyimsel pazarlama işletmelere bu noktada yardımcı olan stratejik bir kavramdır. Deneyimsel pazarlama, ürünün yaratacağı faydayı tüketiciye yaşatma amacındadır ve ürünün duyusal, hissel, bilişsel, davranışsal ve sosyal açılardan deneyimlenmesine odaklanmaktadır. Deneyimsel pazarlama her türlü platformda gerçekleşebilmektedir. Tüketiciden tüketiciye e- ticaret olanağı sağlayan web siteleri de bu platformlardan biridir. Özellikle, tüketicilerin son derece özgür ve interaktif oldukları dijital teknoloji ve internet çağında kendi ürünlerini elektronik ortamlarda satmaları ve yine kendileri gibi olan bireysel satıcılardan ürün satın almaları hatta plansız bir şekilde satın almaları ve satın alma sonucunda tatmin olmayı beklemeleri son derece olasıdır. Deneyimsel pazarlama faaliyetlerinin söz konusu platformda bu davranışları ne kadar ve ne yönde etkilediği ise önemli bir sorudur. Bu çalışma, tüketiciden tüketiciye e-ticaret olanağı sağlayan web sitelerinin deneyimsel pazarlama faaliyetlerinin tüketicilerin plansız satın alma davranışlarına ve tatminlerine etkisini tespit amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma örneklemi için Konya ilinde yaşayan ve tüketiciden tüketiciye alışveriş olanağı sağlayan web-sitelerinden daha önce alışveriş yapmış bireyler tercih edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda seçilen örneklem üzerinde yüz yüze anket yöntemi kullanılarak bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Veriler SPSS 24 İstatistiksel Paket Programı ile analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar kapsamında; katılımcıların demografik özellikleri ve ankette yer alan ifadelere verdikleri yanıtların istatistiklerine göre, genç ve eğitim seviyesi yüksek bireylerden oluştukları görülmüştür. Katılımcıların tüketiciden tüketiciye e-ticaret olanağı sağlayan web sitelerinin deneyimsel pazarlama faaliyetlerine yönelik görüşleri olumludur, katılımcılar bu web sitelerinden yaptıkları alışverişlerden tatmin olmuşlardır fakat bu web sitelerinden plansız şekilde ürün satın almamaktadırlar. Faktör analizi sonucunda deneyimsel pazarlama duyusal-bilişsel, davranışsal-sosyal ve hissel olmak üzere üç faktöre ayrılmıştır. Çok değişkenli regresyon analizi; davranışsal-sosyal deneyimlerin plansız satın almaya, duyusal-bilişsel ve hissel deneyimlerin ise müşteri tatminine olumlu anlamda etkisi olduğu sonucunu ortaya koymuştur. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda plansız satın alma ile müşteri tatmini arasında ters yönlü ilişki bulunmuştur.

Objective This study was performed to determine the healing effects of pentoxifylline on molecular responses and protection against severe ischemic damage in the small intestine. Methods Thirty-six Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups. The superior mesenteric artery was clamped for 120 minutes, and reperfusion was performed for 60 minutes. Saline (0.4 mL), pentoxifylline (1 mg/kg), and pentoxifylline (10 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered to the rats in the C 1 , P 1 , and P 3 groups, respectively, 60 minutes before ischemia and to the rats in the C 2 , P 2 , and P 4 groups, respectively, during reperfusion onset. Malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 in serum and tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intestinal ischemic injury was histopathologically evaluated by the Chiu score and immunohistochemical staining. Results All serum and tissue molecular responses were significantly blunted in the pentoxifylline-treated groups compared with the controls. Significant improvement in ischemic damage was demonstrated in the pentoxifylline-treated groups by histological grading and immunohistochemical scoring. Conclusions The protective effects of pentoxifylline were confirmed by molecular responses and histopathological examination.

Amaç: Bu retrospektrif çalışma nöral tüp defekti olan çocuklardaki doğuştan kalp hastalığı sıklığını belirlemek için yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Etik Kurulu’ndan onay alındıktan sonra nöral tüp defekti tanısı olan vakaların ekokardiyografi verileri üç yıl için retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışma, yaşları ortalama 21.7±23.5 ay olan 82 hastayı içermektedir. Nöral tüp defekti olan çocuklardaki doğuştan kalp hastalığı sıklığı %17.1 idi. En sık görülen nöral tüp defekti meningomyelosel %73 iken, en sık görülen doğuştan kalp hastalığı ise atriyal septal defekt idi %6.3 . Sonuç: Yazarlar nöral tüp defektinde doğuştan kalp kusurlarının rapor edildiğinden daha sık olduğunu bildirmektedirler ve tarama ekokardiyografi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu durum özellikle hastalardaki küçük veya büyük cerrahi prosedürlerde akılda tutulmalıdır

Cervical cancer is one of the frequent types of cancer seen in females. It has been suggested that natural compounds can be used effectively for cancer treatment. Apoptosis and autophagy related cell death play important roles in suppression of tumorigenesis. Apigenin and curcumin are natural products isolated from plant extracts known to have antitumoral, antibacterial and antiviral effects. Varying doses of curcumin and apigenin were applied to HeLa cancer cell lines. The expression of the genes related to apoptosis and/or autophagy related cell death were measured using qRT-PCR and cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Our results showed that curcumin and apigenin are effective on apoptosis and autophagy related cell death in HeLa cells. We suggested that these natural products seem to be a new promising therapeutic approach in cancer.

The incidence of drug-resistant pathogens differs greatly between countries according to differences in the usage of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenotypic resistance of 321 methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 195 methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in a total of 516 S. aureus strains to macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B (MLSB), ketolid, and linezolid. Disk diffusion method was applied to determine MLSB phenotype and susceptibility to different antibiotic agents. It was found that 54.6% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin (ERSA), 48% to clindamycin, 55% to azithromycin, 58.7% to spiramycin, 34.7% to telithromycin, and 0.4% to quinupristin-dalfopristin, respectively. No strain resistant to linezolid was found. The prevalence of constitutive (cMLSB), inducible (IMLSB), and macrolides and type B streptogramins (M/MSB) among ERSA isolates (237 MRSA, 45 MSSA) was 69.6%, 18.2%, and 12.2% in MRSA and 28.9%, 40%, and 31.1% in MSSA, respectively. In conclusions, the prevalence of cMLSB was predominant in MRSA; while in MSSA strains, iMLSB and M/MSB phenotype were more higher than cMLSB phenotype resistance. The resistance to quinupristindalfopristin was very low, and linezolid was considered as the most effective antibiotic against all S.aureus strains. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B, ketolid, linezolid, MLSB

Stevens-Johnson Sendromu, deri ve mukozaları tutan, hedef lezyonlar ve büllerle seyreden, hayatı tehdit edebilen, akut bir aşırı duyarlılık reaksiyonudur. Klinik bulgular hafif deri ve müköz membran tutulumu ile ağır sistemik bozukluklar arasında değişkenlik gösterir. Stevens-johnson sendromunun bilinen en yaygın nedenleri; ilaçlar, aşılar ve viral enfeksiyonlardır. Bu makalede 9 yaşında, suçiçeği ile birlikte Stevens-Johnson sendromu gelişen bir olgu sunuluyor. Olgumuzda asiklovir ve intravenöz immünoglobulin teda- visi ile klinik bulguların düzeldiğini ve gelişebilecek komplikasyonların kontrol altına alındığını görüyoruz

Yenidoğanda blue rubber bleb nevus sendromu ile hemanjioendotelyomanın nadir birlikteliği paylaşılmak istenildi. 10 günlük ye- nidoğan spontan solunumunun durması, cilte kavernöz hemanjiom, hepatomegali, pnömoni, kardiyojenik şok ile yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesine yatırıldı. Çekilen batın tomografisinde karaciğerde hemanjioendotelyoma ile uyumlu görünüm saptanan olgu blue rubber bleb nevus sendromu ve hemanjioendotelyoma birlikteliği tanısı ile takip edildi. İnfantil hemanjioendotelyoma damar kökenli olan nadir görülen ve etyolojisi bilinmeyen bir neoplazidir. Klinik gidişi ve prognozu değişken olup, önceden tahmin etmek zordur. Nadir görülür, metastatik adenokarsinom ile karışabilir. Blue rubber bleb nevus sendromu yenidoğanda nadir rastlanmakla birlikte vakamızda hemanjioendotelyoma ile birlikte seyretmesi dikkat çekicidir

The incidence of drug-resistant pathogens differs greatly between countries according to differences in the usage of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenotypic resistance of 321 methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 195 methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in a total of 516 S. aureus strains to macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B (MLS B), ketolid, and linezolid. Disk diffusion method was applied to determine MLS B phenotype and susceptibility to different antibiotic agents. It was found that 54.6% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin (ERSA), 48% to clindamycin, 55% to azithromycin, 58.7% to spiramycin, 34.7% to telithromycin, and 0.4% to quinupristin-dalfopristin, respectively. No strain resistant to linezolid was found. The prevalence of constitutive (cMLS B), inducible (IMLS B), and macrolides and type B streptogramins (M/MS B) among ERSA isolates (237 MRSA, 45 MSSA) was 69.6 %, 18.2%, and 12.2 % in MRSA and 28.9%, 40%, and 31.1% in MSSA, respectively. In conclusions, the prevalence of cMLS B was predominant in MRSA; while in MSSA strains, iMLS B and M/MS B phenotype were more higher than cMLS B phenotype resistance. The resistance to quinupristindalfopristin was very low, and linezolid was considered as the most effective antibiotic against all S.aureus strains.

Χαλλούμι (Halloumi)/Hellim is the traditional cheese of Cyprus and belongs to the whole Island with Turkish and Greek names. Especially with the spotlights more on the product nowadays. In the current study, cheese samples were collected as fresh and mature halloumi/hellim (sheep/goat, bovine, or both milk) and were analyzed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological status. As a physicochemical analysis, the potential of hydrogen (pH), titratable acidity (TA), salt-sodium chloride (NaCl), and dry-matter (DM) ratios were analyzed. For examining the quality and safety indicators; total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), yeast and molds, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), coliform bacteria, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. analyzes were performed. This study will help to establish the quality profile of halloumi/hellim cheese and identify potential hazards and sources of contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the bladder stimulation technique (BST) to collect urine samples from newborns and its effects on physiological parameters and comfort of the newborn. Design: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted in a NICU. A total of 64 newborns were divided into 2 groups: 32 newborns in the experimental group and 32 newborns in the control group. Methods: Newborns in the experimental group (EG) were subjected to the BST, and in the control group (CG), urine collection was via sterile urine bags, which is routine practice. Procedural success was defined as the collection of urine samples within 3 min of beginning the stimulation technique in the experimental group and of placing the sterile urine bag in the control group. Results: The success rate of the procedure in 3 min was 62.5% in the EG and 28% in the CG (P = 0.006, absolute difference: 35%, 95% confidence interval 27% to 42%, NNT: 3). According to the comparison of the overall mean COMFORTneo scale and pain and distress subscale scores at the 1‐ and 3‐min marks, there was a significant difference between the EG and CG (p < 0.05). The mean scores in the EG were higher than those in the CG. The mean oxygen‐saturation was significantly lower in the EG than in the CG (p < 0.05), and the increase in heart rate was significantly higher in the EG (p = 0.018). Conclusions: BST is a more successful method within 3 min for collecting urine samples from newborns compared to sterile urine bags. However, the newborns' comfort levels minimally decreased at 3 min, and they had moderate pain and distress, while the BST was being implemented. This increase in physiologic parameters was statistically significant but not clinically significant. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Urinary tract infection is a commonly diagnosed bacterial infection in young infants with fever. However, the symptoms of this infection are non‐specific, so urine samples are needed to accurately diagnose and exclude it.There are multiple methods available for collecting urine samples, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.The bladder stimulation technique is a noninvasive and efficient method for collecting urine samples. However, few studies have examined the pain and distress effects of this technique, and these studies have reported varying results. What this paper adds? This study found that bladder stimulation techniques were more effective than sterile urine bags in collecting urine samples within 3 min from newborns.The bladder stimulation technique led to decreased saturation and comfort levels, increased heart rate, and increased pain and distress in the newborns during urine sampling; these increases in physiologic parameters were statistically significant but not clinically significant. The implications of this paper: The bladder stimulation technique is an effective noninvasive method for quickly collecting urine samples.Considering the pain and distress‐increasing properties of the technique, it may be recommended before invasive interventions (bladder catheterization and suprapubic aspiration) when urine sample collection with urine bags is not possible; it can be used in cases where urgent urine collection is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Byline: Mehmet. Ceylan, Baris. Ünsalver, Alper. Evrensel, Fatma. Kaya Yertutanol, Aslihan. Dönmez Sir, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are used worldwide for various neuropsychiatric disorders and other medical diagnoses such [...]

Bacteriophages, other commonly used name phages, are viruses that infect bacteria and use them as their hosts. They are the most numerous living organisms known in the world. Since bacteriophages' target is bacteria, they are harmless to humans, animals and plants. The question to be asked for phages is "is it beneficial or harmful for the food industry?" It is possible to answer the question with both "yes" and "no". This review focuses on answers of these two questions. Bacteriophages are one of the alternative biopreservation methods food safety. Advantage of phages is that they do not have any negative effects such as resistance problem like the antibiotics and antimicrobials develop. Since phages are hostspecific viruses, there are studies showing that the use of selected phage species is successful both in inactivation of pathogens present in the food matrix and in reducing the microbial load in food processing areas. There are studies on phage applications in the protection of farm animals' health. On the other hand, bacteriophages in the food industry have some technological disadvantages. It is undesirable for the production environment to be contaminated with phages, especially in enterprises producing fermented foods. Especially when starter cultures are infected by phages in the production of cheese, yoghurt and butter acid formation stops an undesirable taste and aroma can be seen and to the development of pathogenic microorganisms during ripening may occur. As a conclusion, studies on the use of bacteriophages as a biopreservation method under controlled conditions in the food industry are promising. It is important that it is an alternative to antimicrobials, especially to which bacteria are resistant. On the other hand, it is necessary to take various precautions against phage contamination that will harm the starter cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]