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Pure titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy have been in use as dental implant contemporarily. Trace element release from implant bodies is a possible health problem. Well-healed and osseointegrated intrabony implants are only in contact with bone and blood, but in the case of periimplantitis, the possibility of corrosion and the release of trace elements from dental implant surfaces increases due to contact with external factors.The aim of this study is to evaluate the trace element levels in the blood serum and saliva of patients who have dental implants with periimplantitis compared with the control group.This study included 25 patients diagnosed with periimplantitis and 25 participants with healthy osseointegrated implants as the control group. The trace element levels in blood serum and saliva were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and results were analyzed statistically.There is no statistically significant difference between groups for saliva samples except the aluminum (Al) levels of the study group are significantly lower than the control group (p 0.05) and the mercury (Hg) levels of the study group are significantly higher than the control group (p 0.05). On the other hand, there is a significant decrease in titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), and iodine (I) in the blood serum samples of the study group (p 0.05). There is no significant difference between the groups for other measured trace elements in the blood serum (p 0.05).There is no statistically significant increase in titanium or aluminum levels in the study group compared with the control group.

Cancer is one of the most important diseases. It is the second leading cause of death worldwide following cardiovascular disease. There is a need to develop new chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer and it is still a significant task for medicinal chemists. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical urea derivatives have been reported to play a significant role in biological systems. Phenethylamine is a precursor of dopamine and related compounds. In this study, we disclose the first examples of phenethylamine-based urea derivatives bearing fluoro, methoxy, and methyl groups. We also report cytotoxicity and toxicity profiles of novel urea derivatives on HeLa (human cervical cancer), A549 (non-small cell lung carcinoma), and HDF (human dermal fibroblast) cell lines. Moreover, we demonstrate antioxidant properties of synthesized compounds by DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC method. The results revealed that 1,3-bis(4-methylphenethyl)urea was up to eightfold more potent than cisplatin against HeLa cell line and also displayed very low toxic effect on HDF cell line compared to cisplatin. On the other hand, the anticancer activity of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-3-(4-fluorophenethyl)urea and 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-3-(4-methylphenethyl)urea were close to that of cisplatin on A549 cell line, although 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-3-(4-fluorophenethyl)urea was more toxic than compound 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-3-(4-methylphenethyl)urea on HDF cell line. All tested compounds displayed remarkable activity compared to the standard antioxidants. Considering these properties, they may be a lead compounds for the treatment of human cervical and non-small cell lung cancer. These findings may be helpful for the discovery of more biologically active phenethylamine-based urea for clinical studies.

In this study, eight new compounds (7a-h) based on triazole compounds containing ester groups were synthesized with high yields. The structures of the synthesized compounds (7a-h) were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods (element analysis, FT-IR

Eser elementler vücudun düzgün çalışması için gereklidir. Biyolojik element konsantrasyonundaki değişiklikler çok sayıda patolojik durumda gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, larenks dokularındaki eser element konsantrasyonunun değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada larenks kanseri teşhisi konmuş 9 hastanın kanserli larenks dokuları ve aynı hastaların sağlıklı larekns dokuları kullanılmıştır. Larenks dokularındaki Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb ve Pb seviyeleri, Endüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma Kütle Spektrometresi (ICP-MS) kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldı ve larenks kanserli dokularda Cu seviyesinin sağlıklı dokulara göre anlamlı derecede (p

In recent years, because of its significant biological roles, the usage of boron has been started in animal feeding. In this research, it was aimed to investigate the ulexite's action mechanism on the zebrafish brain with an evaluation of the oxidative parameters. The adult zebrafish were exposed to four ulexite doses (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/l) in a static test apparatus for 96 h. For assessing the oxidative responses, multiple biochemical analyses were performed in brain tissues. The results indicated the supporting potential of low ulexite doses on the antioxidant system (< 40 mg/l) and that low-dose ulexite does not lead to oxidative stress in the zebrafish brain. Again, our results showed that low ulexite concentrations did not cause DNA damage or apoptosis. As a final result, in aquatic environments, ulexite (a boron compound) can be used in a safe manner, but it would be useful at higher concentrations to consider the damages of the cells that are probable to develop because of the oxidative stress.

Acrylamide(AA) is a compound with wide usage areas including paper, dyes, and plastics industries. Due to its broad spectrum and water solubility suggest that this vinyl compound may cause serious environmental problems. AA was shown to exhibit neurotoxic, immunotoxic, reproductive toxicant as well as carcinogenic potency on animals. Especially in recent years, the therapeutic effects of boron and boron containing compounds like borax(BX), ulexite(ULX) and colemanite(COL) had been reported. However, the ameliorative potential by boron compounds against AA-induced toxicities had not been investigated yet. Therefore, in this investigation rainbow trout were exposed acutely to AA in the presence and absence of BX. The hematological indices and genotoxic end-points were examined in the fish blood tissue. In addition to oxidative stress response, the levels of DNA damage, CASP3, TNF-α, Nrf-2 as well as IL-6 amounts were determined in both blood and liver tissues of fish. The obtained results executed that AA induced toxic conditions in both tissues. In fact, an increase in the amount of oxidative stress and ROS, and a decrease in GSH levels were observed. AA exposure led to an increase in CASP3levels and 8-OHdG formation. It was also found that Nrf-2 pathway contributed to the initiation of oxidative stress that associated with AA-induced toxicity. On the contrary, our findings indicated that co-exposure of BX with AA elicited oxidative stress and cell death. In a conclusion BX was suggested as a useful and effective natural agent for the prevention and early treatment of AA toxicity in fish.

In recent years, therapeutic targets and the development of new drugs have shifted research towards inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Ferrocene (FcH) is a stable, small molecule that exhibits immunostimulatory and anti-tumor properties by a different mechanism and is effective at low doses in oral administration. However, it was surprising that there has been no performed investigation using FcH on aquaculture. On the other hand, recent papers reveal the key biological functions and health benefits due to daily boron intake in animals and humans. Therefore, we investigated the neurotoxic damage potential of FcH and its related neurotoxicity action mechanism in aquatic environments. In addition, the protective potential of borax (BX, or sodium borate) were evaluated againt in vivo neurotoxicity by FcH.Neurotoxicity assessment was performed in rainbow trout brain tissue, acutely under semi-static conditions via determining a vide range of parameters including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA levels), DNA damage (8-OHdG), apoptosis (caspase 3), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf-2), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. In addition, the LCIn the obtained results, while FcH caused inhibition in enzyme activities, it showed an inducing effect on MDA, MPO, BDNF, Nrf2, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. It was determined that this oxidative damage related alterations were significantly different (p 0.05) in comparison between FcH treated and controls. Again, the LCThe present study suggests that borax may be useful for preventing or alleviating neurotoxicity induced by environmental contaminants or toxic chemicals.

Bu çalışmada daha önce grubumuz tarafından sentezlenen nikotinoil tiyoüre, nikotinik asit ve 3,5-dimetoksi anilinden başlanarak sentezlenmiştir. Elde edilen ürün Mangan (II) asetat tetrahidrat ile tepkimeye sokularak 1:1 metal-ligand oranıyla nikotinoyil tiyoüre mangan kompleksi sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen yeni metal kompleksinin kimyasal yapısı FTIR, HRMS, XRD ve elementel analiz ile karakterize edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde sentezlenen metal kompleksin antibakteriyel ve antioksidan aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre metal kompleksi herhangi bir antibakteriyel aktivite göstermemiştir. Bununla birlikte metal kompleksi DPPH, ABTS ve kuprak metotlarında standart antioksidanlara göre güçlü veya eşit potansiyelli antioksidan özellikler sergilemiştir. Bu nedenle, metal kompleksi gıdanın korunması gibi aşamalarda ve oksidatif stres ile ilişkili birçok hastalığın tedavisinde bir antioksidan ajan olarak değerlendirilebilir.

The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of N-acetylcystein (NAC) against oxidative stress induced by Cypermethrin pesticide in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The experiment was designed as 5 groups (A, B, C, D, and E). Group A was organized as control group and had no treatment. The other groups were treated with Cypermethrin for 14 days. At the end of this period, Groups B (1.0 mM NAC) and D (0.5 mM NAC) was performed with NAC for 96 h. Group C was not administered NAC, the recovery process was evaluated with this group. Group E was exposed to cypermethrin during 14 days and sampled. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (AR), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), caspase-3 levels, and trace elements contents analyses were performed in all fish brains. According to the results, MDA, MPO, 8-OHdG and caspase-3 levels were significantly decreased compared to the other groups (pesticide and recovery) (p 0.05), AChE, SOD, CAT, GPx, PON, and AR activities increased (p 0.05). In brain tissue, no statistically significant difference was observed in trace element analysis of all application groups. According to the obtained data, the positive effect of N-acetylcysteine on protein synthesis, detoxification, and diverse metabolic functions against cypermethrin toxicity has been more effective in 1.0 mM NAC. NAC has important therapeutic effect on pesticide-induced neurotoxicity for fish in terms of all data. It was concluded that NAC has an antioxidant effect against pesticide-induced oxidative stress and the selected biochemical markers are useful for such studies.

While the COVID-19 disease progresses mildly or asymptomatically in some people, its progression is severe and symptomatic in others, and it is an issue that requires a scientific response regarding the disease. The present study includes 60 people infected with COVID-19, and the cases were divided into the following groups: asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe. Serum Zn, Se, and Cu levels of these groups were analyzed by ICP-MS. All measurements in the patients were compared with those of 32 healthy individuals. When the patient group is compared with the control group, the serum Zn and Se concentrations were statistically low (p

Insecticides have potential to non-target organisms, disrupting the healthy functioning of the aquatic environment as they are the ultimate receptor of the aquatic ecosystem. Insecticides, which are widely used in agriculture, have high neurotoxicity on aquatic organisms. In this study, the acute alterations [catalase (CAT), arylesterase (ARE), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeleperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase (PON), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level, caspase-3 activity, and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity] caused by the different concentrations of Fipronil (FP) insecticide (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/L) on rainbow trout (

Insecticides have potential to non-target organisms, disrupting the healthy functioning of the aquatic environment as they are the ultimate receptor of the aquatic ecosystem. Insecticides, which are widely used in agriculture, have high neurotoxicity on aquatic organisms. In this study, the acute alterations [catalase (CAT), arylesterase (ARE), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeleperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase (PON), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level, caspase-3 activity, and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity] caused by the different concentrations of Fipronil (FP) insecticide (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/L) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brain tissue were investigated. It has been determined that superoxide dismutase -catalase - glutathione peroxidase - paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activities were inhibited but MDA and MPO induced depending on the concentration in brain tissue. When compared with the control group, the changes between the pesticide exposed groups were found statistically significant (p < 0.05). In brain tissue, while AChE enzyme activity was decreased depending on concentration, caspase-3 activity increased with 8-OHdG level. As a result, it has been determined that FP is a dangerous environmental pollutant for aquatic organisms, even at low concentrations, inducing oxidative stress, damaging the brain tissue of fish and stimulating apoptosis.

Pesticide toxicities are common in aquatic ecosystems and affects aquatic livings negative. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the antioxidant system in aquatic organisms and to protect the organisms against these toxic chemicals. In this study, the simulative toxicity was established to the fish then the healing process was followed. For this purpose, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to cypermethrin and left to the recovery process with either N-acetyl cysteine (an antioxidant, 0.5 mM-1.0 mM concentrations) or no intervention (self-healing) for 96 h. In this context, paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (AR), myeloperoxidase (MPO), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities as well as MDA, caspase-3 and 8-OHdG levels were measured in fish gills, liver and kidney tissues. In addition, trace element tests were performed in the tissues sampled for each group. At the result of pesticide exposure, SOD, CAT, GPx, PON, AR and AChE activities were increased but MDA, MPO, caspase-3 and 8-OHdG levels were decreased in N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treated groups in all tissues compared to self-healing group (p < 0.05). When the element analysis of the samples was examined, tissue-based differences were observed significantly in all application groups (p < 0.05). Considering the results of the study, it was found that NAC administration at high concentration (1.0 Mm NAC) was more effective on pesticide toxicity. It was concluded that the most sensitive tissue was the kidney.

In this study, changes in the blood tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) caused by Fipronil (FP) insecticide were investigated using different biomarkers (Hematology parameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (ARE), myeleperoxidase (MPO), micronucleus (MN), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) level and caspase-3 activity. Statistically significant alterations in hematology parameters occurred with FP effect. In blood tissue, dose-dependent inhibition was determined in SOD-CAT-GPX-PON and ARE enzyme activities, but MDA and MPO were induced statistically significant. The results of MN assay were compared with the control group and it was obtained that genotoxicity of different dose groups was similar. The level of 8-OHdG and the activity and caspase-3 examined in blood tissue was increased depending on the dose. It was determined with different biomarkers that this insecticide caused physiological stress changes in the tissues examined.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the radioprotective effect of melatonin by analyzing histopathological changes and serum biochemical levels on experimental rat models exposed to flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) beam.Forty-eight healthy adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups. The control (Group 1) was given no treatment, the melatonin (Group 2) was given 10 mg/kg melatonin only, the FF (Group 3) and FFF (Group 5) were given fractionated dose (Total 32 Gy, 5 consecutive days) radiotherapy only, and the FF plus melatonin (Group 4) and FFF plus melatonin (Group 6) were given 10 mg/kg melatonin 15 minutes prior to irradiation. Rats were examined for histopathology and biochemical analysis 10 days after irradiation.When results of FF and FFF radiotherapy only groups are compared to control group, statistically significant difference in histopathological and biochemical parameters are observed; however, melatonin administration in radiotherapy plus melatonin groups improved these parameters (The effect of low- and high-dose beams on the rat larynx and serum samples were investigated histopathologically and biochemically for the first time. We observed that melatonin supplemented before FF and FFF radiotherapy protected early period radiotherapy-induced laryngeal mucosal damage. Since the radiobiological results of FF and FFF beams are similar, FFF beams can be safely applied in laryngeal irradiation. However, more experimental rat and clinical studies are needed to clarify the radiobiological uncertainy concerning dose rate on cancerous and healthy tissue.

The ulexite (UX), a borate mineral, is used as boron source and commonly used in various industrial processes. The hematological and hepatic effects of UX were investigated by exposing adult zebrafish to UX (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) over 96 hours. The blood and liver tissues were taken at the end of the trial period then micronucleus (MN) rates, oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG), apoptosis (Caspase-3), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), myeloperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (AR) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels were determined. Genotoxic damage by UX occurred only at 40 mg/L in the blood MN assay. Oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in liver also occurred at this dose. Moreover, 5-20 mg/L doses led to decreases of DNA damage and apoptosis levels via promoting antioxidant system in liver tissues. UX exhibits beneficial roles on blood and liver tissues of zebrafish at relatively lower doses, which may be relevant to nutritional and medicinal industries.

In this study, changes in the blood tissue of rainbow trout (

Recently, boron has been used in animal feeding due to its significant biological roles. In this study, the action mechanism of colemanite (COL), a commercially important borate mineral, was aimed to investigate via evaluating parameters related to oxidative alterations on the brain, liver and blood tissues of zebrafish. For this purpose, zebrafish were exposed to different doses of COL (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) in a static test apparatus for 96 hours. Multiple biochemical analysis including determination of DNA damage (8-OHdG), apoptosis (Caspase-3), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), myeloperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (AR) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels were performed in brain and liver tissues for assessing oxidative responses. In addition to micronucleus (MN) assay was performed in obtained blood tissues. The results indicated that low doses of COL supported antioxidant system and did not lead to oxidative stress in zebrafish brain and liver. Again, our results showed colemanite did not cause DNA damage or apoptosis at all tested concentrations. Besides the statistically insignificant changes (P>0.05) of MN rates of erythrocytes between the control and experimental groups revealed the non-genotoxic feature of COL on zebrafish. In conclusion, boron compounds especially COL can be used safely and provide positive impacts on aquatic environments.

Insecticides that disrupt the healthy functioning of the ecosystem have toxic potential on non-target organisms. Fish, an important component of the aquatic ecosystem, are exposed to these pesticides in different ways. The stress response is regarded as an adaptive mechanism that allows the fish to cope with the perceived stressor to maintain its normal or homeostatic state. This mechanism is determined by antioxidant parameters and oxidative stress indicators measured in gill and liver tissue of rainbow trout. Accordingly, the effects of fipronil (FP) insecticide on the physiology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were determined with using the different biomarkers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (ARE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), and caspase 3 activity) in this study. Different doses of FP inhibited antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout liver and gill tissues while inducing oxidative stress parameter (MDA, MPO, and 8-OHdG) levels. Also, caspase-3 activity was increased in liver and gill tissue, but this increase was statistically significant only in gill tissue (p

In this study, propargyl compounds were synthesized from 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 3‑methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2a-2b). As a result of click reactions of synthesized propargyl compounds (2a-b) with organic azides (4a-4e), carbonyl compounds (5a-5 h) having 1,2,3-triazole skeleton were obtained. The structures of the synthesized compounds were illuminated by FTIR, 1H/13C NMR spectroscopies and elemental analyses. Antioxidant and anti-cancer and α-amylase enzyme inhibition studies of the synthesized compounds were carried out, and the effects of different functional groups in the compounds on the activity were investigated. When the results of the α-amylase enzyme inhibition studies of the synthesized compounds were compared with the reference drug acarbose (IC50: 891 µg/mL), it was determined that all compounds (IC50: 165–1471 µg/mL) showed higher activity than acarbose, except for compounds 5a and 5c. In particular, compound 5 g (IC50: 165 µg/mL) was found to have approximately 5.5 times higher activity than acarbose. When the DPPH• radical scavenging studies were examined, all compounds showed a higher activity than the standard BHT and β-carotene. According to ABTS•+ radical scavenging activity results, all compounds showed more effective activity than Ascorbic acid, and Trolox used as standard. Compound 5a showed approximately the same scavenging effect with β-carotene and BHT. Compounds were also screened for anti-cancer activities against the HeLa cell line. According to the results, 5c (IC50: 50.12 µg/mL) and 5 h (IC50: 57.07 µg/mL) exhibit moderate antitumor activity compared to cis-platin against the HeLa cell line. The molecules have been studied in detail for their ADME properties and have not violated any drug-likeness rules. In addition, they exhibited a high oral bioavailability profile, as their BBB (Blood Brain Barrier) penetration and GI (gastrointestinal) absorption properties were favorable. Molecular docking results show that all compounds have a high affinity for the active site of α-amylase.

Objectives The aim of the study is to investigate the protective effect of taxifolin (3,5,7,3,4-pentahydroxy flavanone), a strong antioxidant, against testicular I/R injury in rats biochemically and histopathologically. Materials and methods 50 mg/kg taxifolin was administered to taxifolin + testicular torsion–detorsion (TTTD, n-10) group of Albino Wistar male rats by oral gavage. Distilled water .5 ml as a solvent was administered to testicular torsion–detorsion (TTD, n-10) and Healthy Control (SG, n-10) groups using the same method. An hour after the administration of taxifolin and distilled water, anaesthesia (ketamine 60 mg/kg) was administered to all animal groups. TTD and TTTD group animals were subjected to testicular torsion at 720 degrees for four hours during anaesthesia. At the end of this period, testicular detorsion was applied and perfusion was allowed for four hours. Sham operation was applied to SG group. Results Our biochemical experiment results showed that the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in testicular tissue of TTD group presented a significant increase compared to SG and TTTD groups whereas total glutathione (tGSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels decreased. In addition, while TTD group presented severe histopathological damage in germinal epithelium cell and seminiferous tubule, mild damage was observed in TTTD group. Conclusions The results of our experiment indicate that taxifolin could be useful in the treatment of testicular I/R damage.

This manuscript describes the synthesis, characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of the six 1,2,3-triazole derivatives (7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a and 9b) containing a 1,4-disubstitue. All compounds were characterized by 1H (13C) NMR, FTIR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of triazole derivatives (7b, 8a, and 9a) were studied by X-ray diffraction studies. The compounds were screened for their radical scavenging capabilities and the compounds showed comparable antioxidant activities to standard antioxidants. Moreover, the compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity profiles against Hela cancer cell line. Compounds 7a (IC50 values 10.8 μg/mL), 7b (IC50 values 8.8 μg/mL), and 8a (IC50 values 11.7 µg/mL) showed considerable anticancer activity against Hela cell line.

Cysteine is important for protein synthesis, detoxification, and diverse metabolic functions. However, cysteine metabolism has been poorly described in fish, and the role of the therapeutic effect in pesticide toxicology on aquatic organisms is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of regular cysteine treatment on the hematology, biochemistry, apoptosis, oxidative DNA damage, and antioxidant parameters in fish blood after chemical application. Therefore, fish were exposed to cypermethrin for 2 weeks. Then two different concentrations of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were applied for a 4-day treatment period and compared with the group of the self-healing process. At the end of the treatment, the hematological index, blood biochemical parameters, paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (ARE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in the fish blood samples were investigated. With regard to the hematological parameters, statistical differences were obtained except for mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P < 0.05). Enzyme activities (ARE, PON, and MPO), as well as some biochemical parameters (creatinin [Cre], alanine amino transferase, total glyceride, alkaline phosphatase, iron, calcium, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C], sodium, and potassium), were found to be importantly different among all groups at the P < 0.05 level, while 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and caspase-3 levels were determined to be high in the pesticide group but decreased significantly in NAC-treated groups ( P < 0.05). According to the results of the study, acute cysteine treatment showed an ameliorative effect on the hematological index, biochemical parameters, PON, MPO, and ARE in the blood in the all the treatment group fish. The positive effect of NAC on protein synthesis, detoxification, and diverse metabolic functions against cypermethrin toxicity was more effective in 1.0 mM NAC. NAC has an important therapeutic effect on pesticide-induced hematoxicity for fish in terms of all the data.

Helicobacter pylori infection can cause disease from mild to severe that may be accompanied by micronutrient deficiencies. We aimed to investigate serum zinc, copper, magnesium and selenium levels in Helicobacter pylori positive children.Thirty-four children, with chronic abdominal pain and diag-nosed to be Helicobacter pylori-positive and 20 healthy children with the same demo-graphic characteristics were included in the study. Serum zinc, copper and magnesium levels were measured in the flame unit of atomic absorption spectrophotometer, selenium levels were measured in the graphite unit of the same atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Serum zinc levels were significantly higher and serum magnesium levels were significantly lower (p0.05) in Helicobacter pylori positive children than those of the control group. Although copper levels were lower in patient group than in control group, this difference was not statistically significant (p0.05). There was no significant difference between serum selenium levels of two groups.We concluded that in Helicobacter pylori-positive children, many trace elements and mineral metabolism may change.Kronik karın ağrısı olan veÇalışmamız sonucunda

WOS: 000358154500009, Yttrium oxide nanoflowers were prepared by a hydrothermal technique, and X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine their structures. The cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of aqueous dispersions of the nanoflowers to cultured primary rat hepatocytes were examined at concentrations up to 500 mg L-1 for 72 h. Cell viability was determined by monitoring the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, release of lactate dehydrogenase, and uptake of neutral red. Genotoxicity was assessed by the liver micronucleus assay. Exposure to Y2O3 nanoflowers at concentrations lower than 100 mg L-1 did not lead to any cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. At higher concentrations (200, 400, and 500 mg L-1), cell viability decreased and induction of micronuclei increased (400 and 500 mg L-1).

Objective: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the effects of Vitamin D on cognitive development and autism. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between autism, cognitive developmental delay and behavioral problems. We also aimed to examine the possible mechanisms of interaction between nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels.Methods: Sixty-four toddlers with developmental delay participated in the study. In the initial assessment, the cases were subjected to a psychiatric examination and developmental tests. Vitamin D, GDNF, and NGF levels were observed. Patients who had low vitamin D levels received replacement treatment. Six months later, the same measures were repeated.Results: Significant progress in autistic symptoms and development scores were determined for the group receiving vitamin D replacement. A negative correlation was found between vitamin D levels and NGF levels. Development scores and GDNF levels were ...

Cytokeratins are thought to play a role in apoptosis. Cytokeratin 18 (CK18) is involved in the formation of intracellular cytoskeleton, and has been considered a promising apoptosis marker in gastrointestinal carcinomas. Growth factors, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), may provide a microenvironment for malignant cells. In this study, we aimed to compare serum HGF and CK18 levels between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and healthy controls. The study included 41 adult patients (20 male, 21 female) diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, with a mean age of 63.54 ± 10.88 years (range, 41-82 years). We also recruited 39 age and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Venous blood samples were taken; serum HGF and CK18 concentrations were determined via ELISA. Results indicated that serum HGF levels were higher in patients (1.37 ± 0.63 ng/mL) as compared to the healthy subjects (0.41 ± 0.29 ng/mL). Similarly, serum CK18 levels were higher in the patient group (2.53 ± 1.33 ng/mL) than in the control group (0.34 ± 0.23 ng/mL) (P < 0.001). In addition, serum HGF and CK18 levels were positively correlated with metastasis stage, tumor stage, and disease stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate serum HGF and CK18 levels in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The results suggest that serum CK18 and HGF levels may be used as prognostic and disease monitoring biomarkers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aliskiren, direct renin inhibitor, as an antioxidant and tissue protective agent and evaluate the molecular, biochemical, and histopathological changes in experimental ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat ovaries. Forty-eight female rats were randomly divided into eight groups: in Group 1, only sham operation was performed. Group 2 received 100 mg/kg aliskiren and sham operated. In Group 3, 3 h-period of bilateral ovarian ischemia was applied. Group 4 received a 3-h period of ischemia followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Groups 5 and 6 received 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, of aliskiren and bilateral ovarian ischemia was applied (after a 3-h period of ischemia, both ovaries were surgically removed). To Groups 7 and 8, 50 and 100 mg/kg of aliskiren were administered, respectively, and the induction of ischemia was performed. At the end of a 3-h period of ischemia, bilateral vascular clips were removed, and 3 h of reperfusion continued. After the experiments, IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-?, and iNOS mRNA expressions and SOD, GSH, MDA, renin, and angiotensin-II levels were determined and histopathological changes were examined in rat ovaries. Aliskiren treatment normalized excessive changes in cytokine and oxidative stress markers in both ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Histopathologically, treatment with aliskiren ameliorated the development of ischemia and/or ischemia/reperfusion tissue injury. This study concluded that aliskiren treatment is effective in reversing ischemia and/or ischemia/reperfusion induced ovary damage via the improvement of oxidative stress, reduction of inflammation, and suppression of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

To investigate the protective effect of Tarantula Cubensis D6 (TCD) on inflammation and oxidative stress in rat cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in modified polymicrobial sepsis model. Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham control group, sepsis (CLP) group, low dose TCD + CLP group, and high dose TCD + CLP group. Lung tissue samples of rats were prepared to determine levels of some cytokines related to inflammation, oxidant/antioxidant parameters apoptosis markers. In addition, lung, liver, renal, and heart tissue samples of rats were prepared to determine colony counts of E. coli. We showed that Tarantula cubensis D6 significantly reduced the increasing TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TOS, OSI levels in the CLP group compared to the sham control group, and causes an increase in the decreasing TAS value and significantly reduces caspase-3 and NF-KB expressions. We determined that while E. coli colony counts increased in organs such as lung, heart, liver, and kidney in the CLP group, it was decreased in TCD groups. TCD reduces polymicrobial sepsis-induced lung injury through antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant effects.

bayir, yasin/0000-0003-3562-6727; ATMACA, HASAN TARIK/0000-0001-8379-4114 WOS: 000386041500016 PubMed: 26956915 Context Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) (NS) is traditionally used to treat many conditions such as inflammation. Objective This study evaluates the effects of NS seeds ethanol extract in paracetamol-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods Forty-eight female Wistar Albino rats were divided into eight groups: I = sham; II = sham + 1000 mg/kg NS; III = sham + 140 mg/kg (N-acetyl cysteine) NAC; IV = 2 g/kg paracetamol; V = 2 g/kg paracetamol + 140 mg/kg NAC; VI, VII and VIII = 2 g/kg paracetamol + 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg NS, respectively. Paracetamol administration (oral) was carried out 1 h after NS and NAC administrations (oral), and all animals were sacrificed 24 h later. Results Paracetamol administration significantly increased serum urea (88.05 U/L) and creatinine (0.80 U/L) when compared with the sham group (49.80 and 0.31 U/L, respectively). However, serum urea level was reduced to 65.60, 56.00 and 54.18 U/L, with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses of the extract, respectively. Also, serum creatinine level was reduced to 0.64, 0.57 and 0.52 U/L with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses of the extract, respectively. NS administration increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and decreased malondialdehyde levels in the kidneys. Kidney histopathological examinations showed that NS administration antagonized paracetamol-induced kidney pathological damage. Discussion and conclusions The results suggest NS has a significant nephroprotective activity on paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity. It may be suggested that the antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of NS ethanolic extract originated from different compounds of its black seeds. Research fund of Ataturk UniversityAtaturk University [BAP-2012/077] This study was supported by the Research fund of Ataturk University (BAP-2012/077).

Boron compounds have an ability of supporting antioxidant properties in human and animal tissues. Lithium metaborate dihydrate (LiBO2·2H2O; LMD) is commonly used in nonlinear optic materials, cellular phones and pagers. But, there are limited data on the genotoxic and antioxidant effects of LMD in cultured human whole blood cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the genotoxicity and antioxidant/oxidant activity of LMD on human whole blood lymphocytes (n = 5). LMD was applied at various concentrations (0-1,280 µg/ml) to cultured blood samples. Antioxidant/oxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity levels. Micronuclei and chromosomal aberration tests were used in genotoxicity studies. Our results clearly revealed that all tested concentrations of LMD were found to be non-genotoxic when compared to that of the control group. In addition, LMD exhibited antioxidant activities at low concentrations. In addition the TOS levels were not changed at all concentrations of LMD. Consequently, our results clearly demonstrated that LMD is non-genotoxic and it has an important antioxidant potential in vitro.

Aim: The effects of dacarbazine, thiocolchicoside, methotrexate, olanzapine, pantoprazole sodium, and 5-fluorouracil on the enzyme activity of glutathione reductase (GR) were studied using human erythrocyte GR enzymes in in vitro studies, respectively. Materials and methods: The enzyme was purified 3333-fold from human erythrocytes in a yield of 44.44% with 4.0 U/mg. The purification procedure involved the preparation of hemolysate, ammonium sulfate precipitation, 2', 5'-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE showed a single band for enzyme. Purified enzyme was used in the in vitro studies. Results: In the in vitro studies, IC50 values and Ki constants were 0.014 mM and 0.0121 +/- 0.0026 mM for dacarbazine, and 0.054 mM and 0.0135 +/- 0.0024 mM for thiocolchicoside, 0.31 mM and 0.1213 +/- 0.040 mM for methotrexate, 0.35 mM and 0.3173 +/- 0.0981 mM for olanzapine, 0.94 mM and 0.5413 +/- 0.0728 mM for pantoprazole sodium, and 98.57 mM and 69.611 +/- 9.690 mM for 5-fluorouracil, showing the inhibition effects on the purified enzyme. Inhibition types were non-competitive for dacarbazine, methotrexate, olanzapine, and 5-fluorouracil and competitive for thiocolchicoside and pantoprazole sodium. Conclusion: All the drugs indicated the inhibitory effects on the enzyme., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [108T213], This research was financed by grants from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project No: 108T213).

Amaç: Bu çalışmada dekarbazin, tiyokolsikosid, metotreksat, olanzapin, sodium pantoprozol ve 5-fl orourasil ilaçlarının insan eritrositlerinden safl aştırılan glutatyon redüktaz enzimi (GR) üzerine in vitro etkileri araştırıldı. Yöntem ve gereç: Bu amaçla 4 EÜ/mg protein spesifi k aktivitesine sahip olan enzim sırasıyla hemolizatın hazırlanması, amonyum sülfat çöktürmesi, Sephadex G-200 jel fi ltrasyon kromatografi si ve 2’,5’-ADP Sepharose 4B afi nite kromatografi si ile % 44,44 verimle 3333 kat safl aştırıldı. Bu dört basamak sonucu elde edilen saf enzimin safl ık kontrolü sodyum dodesilsülfat poliakrilamid jel elektroforezzi (SDS-PAGE) ile yapıldı. Tüm kinetik çalışmalarda safl aştırılmış enzim kullanıldı. Bulgular: Enzim üzerinde inhibisyon etkisi gösteren dekarbazin, tiyokolsikosid, metotreksat, olanzapin, sodium pantoprozol ve 5-fl orourasil ilaçları için sırasıyla IC50 değerleri ve Ki sabitleri 0,014 ve 0,0121 ± 0,0026; 0,054 ve 0,0135 ± 0,0024; 0,31 ve 0,1213 ± 0,040; 0,35 mM ve 0,3173 ± 0,0981; 0,94 ve 0,5413 ± 0,0728; 98,57 ve 69,611 ± 9,690; olarak hesaplandı. Ayrıca inhibisyon çeşidi çalışmaları sonucu tüm ilaçların enzimi yarışmasız olarak inhibe ettikleri tespit edildi. Sonuç: Kullanılan tüm ilaçların enzim üzerinde inhibisyon etkisi tespit edildi., Aim: Th e eff ects of dacarbazine, thiocolchicoside, methotrexate, olanzapine, pantoprazole sodium, and 5-fl uorouracil on the enzyme activity of glutathione reductase (GR) were studied using human erythrocyte GR enzymes in in vitro studies, respectively. Materials and methods: Th e enzyme was purifi ed 3333-fold from human erythrocytes in a yield of 44.44% with 4.0 U/mg. Th e purifi cation procedure involved the preparation of hemolysate, ammonium sulfate precipitation, 2’, 5’-ADP Sepharose 4B affi nity chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel fi ltration chromatography. SDS-PAGE showed a single band for enzyme. Purifi ed enzyme was used in the in vitro studies. Results: In the in vitro studies, IC50 values and Ki constants were 0.014 mM and 0.0121 ± 0.0026 mM for dacarbazine, and 0.054 mM and 0.0135 ± 0.0024 mM for thiocolchicoside, 0.31 mM and 0.1213 ± 0.040 mM for methotrexate, 0.35 mM and 0.3173 ± 0.0981 mM for olanzapine, 0.94 mM and 0.5413 ± 0.0728 mM for pantoprazole sodium, and 98.57 mM and 69.611 ± 9.690 mM for 5-fl uorouracil, showing the inhibition eff ects on the purifi ed enzyme. Inhibition types were non-competitive for dacarbazine, methotrexate, olanzapine, and 5-fl uorouracil and competitive for thiocolchicoside and pantoprazole sodium. Conclusion: All the drugs indicated the inhibitory eff ects on the enzyme.