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In this review, we checked the harsh influence of high temperature or heat stress on plant metabolism and crop yield. Plants can bear a minimum range of temperature; temperature more than this optimum range comes in the term of heat stress. Climate changes increase the number and severity of heat waves that reduced the development of plants and resulted in the death of the entire plant. Heat stress is a major stressful environment that destroys plant growth, biochemical reactions, and the yield of crops across the world. High-temperature influences many physiological and chemical reactions in plants. HS is now a big deal for crop production and the essential goal of agriculture is to maintain a high yield of crops. A plant lives in the conditions of high temperature based on its capacity to receive the HT stimulus, generate and change the signal, and then initiate physiological and biochemical changes. The plants show physiological and biochemical responses to heat the stress, is an active area of research. To deal with HT, different molecular techniques are in progress. After thoroughly reviewed of the different discoveries on plants’ responses, adaptation, and forbearance to HT at the cellular, organelles, and entire plant levels, this article described several approaches that could be taken to increase thermo- forbearance in plants.

Objective: To assess the eating habits, lifestyle and physical activity and their impact on health of students of Faisalabad Medical University (FMU) Faisalabad Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was prepared on 328 medical and dental students at Faisalabad Medical University from June, 2022 to October, 2022. Three Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised 21 (TFEQ-R21) was used to assess the eating habits among medical students and physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to assess lifestyle patterns. Results: According to the study, 191(58.2%) students out of 328 practiced unrestricted eating. While 229(69.8%) students demonstrated cognitive restraint and 128(39%) students indulged in emotional eating. Less than half of the students, 52(15.9%) lead unhealthy lifestyles compared to 276(84.1%) who had healthy habits. Out of 328 students, 104 (31.7%) engaged in low, 137(41.8%) in moderate, and 87(26.5%) in high levels of physical activity. Whereas a higher proportion of female students engaged in low to moderate physical activity (61.5% and 52.6%, respectively), while a higher proportion of male students (63.2%) were involved in intense physical activity. Conclusions: A large proportion of medical students exhibited poor dietary habits with low physical activity. Obesity and other metabolic diseases are more likely to strike medical students who engage in these unhealthy eating habits. As future health providers, health interventions must be implemented to avert future harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we investigate the mixed convection flow of hybrid nano fluid over nonlinear stretching sheet. By imposition of Cu‐Al2O3 as nanoparticles, water as base fluid. Impact of thermal radiation in the existence of magnetic field is considered. Similarity solution is obtained numerically by RK‐Fehlberg (RKF) Method. The velocity field is experimentally stronger due to the force of magnetic parameter. For the case of stretched and shrinkage aiding buoyancy force and opposite flow revealed the bifurcation solution. Velocity of hybrid nanofluid decreases in the presence of magnetic field, while temperature of nanofluid increases for thermal radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Emergence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strain from different regions of the world poses a grave concern to human health. Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus is mainly because of the genetic factors which modify or disrupt their target site on bacteria. Methods: This study is focused to identify the vancomycin and methicillin resistance gene in antibiotic sensitive and resistant S. aureus. The pure cultures of S. aureus were isolated, subjected to morphological and biochemical characterization. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done to check the resistance pattern. DNA isolation was followed by genotyping of the antibiotic resistance genes (VanA and MecA) and housekeeping gene (AroE) was done through multiplex PCR method. All the strains showed the colonial, microscopic and biochemical characteristics (catalase and coagulase positive) specific for S. aureus. Results: Majority of the strains were resistant to cefixime (80 %) and least resistance was observed with fusidic acid (0%), while resistance frequency of the remaining antibiotics falls between them. All the strains showed the presence of housekeeping AroE gene with frequency of VanA is 2% and MecA is 24% which coincides with the findings of antibiotic resistance testing. For VanA, there might be other resistance genes of vancomycin cassette which confer the resistance against it. Conclusion: The study will help to discriminate the vancomycin and methicilin sensitive and resistance strains of S. aureus based on their respective genetic factors and help to validate the underlying mechanism in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on assessing the performance of government secondary school headteachers in the context of heads' leadership qualities, instructional behavior, capabilities of interpersonal relationships, professional attitude and managerial abilities. The small-scale survey was carried out in 2006 in district Mianwali, Pakistan. The sample comprised 150 secondary school teachers drawn at random from 15 government schools. Data was collected through a questionnaire comprising 38 items on a five-point rating scale on various aspects of headteacher performance. The instrument was validated through a pilot study and its reliability was established at 0.901 (Cronbach's alpha). Results revealed that the performance indicators of professional attitude, interpersonal relationship, leadership qualities and managerial abilities were found to be better, but the aspect of instructional behavior was weaker among the headteachers. The performance of female headteachers in regard to instructional behavior, professional attitude and managerial abilities was found to be relatively better than those of their male counterparts. There were significant intercorrelations among all the independent variables of headteacher performance. (Contains 5 tables.)

Objective: To evaluate the role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing preeclampsia in pregnant women. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration: The study was conducted in the Gynecology Department of Nishtar Hospital, Multan, from 1st January 2022 to 31 December 2022. Methodology: A total of 250 (N) pregnant patients with a history of prior pre-eclampsia were enrolled after taking informed consent. Patients in the control group were given a placebo, and in the intervention group, a vitamin-D supplement of 50000 IU after every two weeks was given. Primary variables of the study were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, proteinuria in 24 hours urine, termination of pregnancy results like cesarean section, spontaneous vaginal delivery or abortion, and development of preeclampsia. Results: In the intervention group, 62.4% of females had expected vaginal delivery, 33.6% had a cesarean section, and 4.0% had an abortion. Whereas 49.6% of females had a normal vaginal delivery, 45.6% had a cesarean section, and 4.8% had an abortion in the control group, which was statistically insignificant. The patients in the intervention group have significantly lower 23 (18.4%) presentation of preeclampsia than patients in the control group 31 (24.8%) (p<0.001), which is statistically significant. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy helps prevent preeclampsia and gestational hypertension recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]