Search

As it is known, the most widely used dye class for dyeing cotton fabrics is reactive dyes. However, the reactive dyeing process itself and various finishing processes applied after dyeing affects the physical, mechanical, handle, comfort and functional properties of the fabrics. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the dyeing and finishing processes on the quality-performance characteristics of the cotton knitted fabrics. For this aim, physical (weight, wale/course density), mechanical (bursting strength, pilling, abrasion resistance), handle (bending rigidity), comfort (thermal comfort, air permeability, water vapor permeability) and functional (Ultraviolet protective functionality and flame retardancy of the fabrics) properties of fabrics were tested before and after dyeing and finishing processes. Fabric weight and bursting strength values increases after dyeing and finishing processes due to the shrinkage of the fabrics during wet processing. On the other hand, the pilling and abrasion resistance values ​​of fabrics are not significantly affected by dyeing and finishing processes. Another important result obtained is that the bending length and bending stiffness of the fabrics decrease after dyeing/finishing processes. The thickness values ​​of the fabrics decrease after dyeing-finishing processes and therefore the thermal resistance decreases. It was observed that the air permeability of the fabrics significantly decreased after dyeing-finishing processes. However, the water vapor permeability of the fabrics was decreased very slightly after dyeing and finishing processes. UPF ratings were increased after dyeing and finishing processes. Keywords: Cotton, dyeing, color, functionality, permeability

Bu çalışmada, hücre içi majör antioksidan sistem olan glutatyon antioksidan sisteminin önemli enzimlerinden glutatyon S-transferaz (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) sitozolik enzimi koyun dalak dokusundan homojenat hazırlanması, salting out (amonyum sülfat tuzu ile çöktürme yöntemi) ve afinite kromatografisi (glutatyon-agaroz) olmak üzere üç adımda 3.67 EÜ mg-1 protein değeri (spesifik aktivite) ve %3.73 verim ile 122.3 kat saflaştırıldı. Koyun dalak dokusundan saflaştırılan GST enziminin saflık derecesini belirlemek ve doğal alt birim molekül kütlelerinin tespitinde sodyum dodesil sülfat poliakrilamid jel elektroforez (SDS-PAGE) metodu kullanıldı. Koyun dalak dokusu GST enziminin alt birimlerine ait molekül kütlesi yaklaşık olarak 26.36 kDa hesaplandı. Koyun dalak dokusundan saflaştırılan GST enziminin karakterizasyonu için gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda; optimum pH, K-fosfat tamponu pH=8.0, optimum aktivite gösterdiği iyonik şiddet, K-fosfat tampon çözeltisi 1.0 M, stabil pH, K-fosfat tampon çözeltisi pH = 7.0 ve optimum sıcaklığı 60 oC olarak bulundu. Koyun dalak dokusundan saflaştırılan GST enzimine ait KM ve Vmax değerlerini belirlemek için yapılan kinetik çalışmalarda Lineweaver-Burk grafiklerinden yararlanıldı. Enzimin substratları olan indirgenmiş glutatyon (GSH) ve 1-kloro-2,4-dinitrobenzen (CDNB) için yürütülen kinetik çalışmalarda; GSH için KM değeri 0.629 mM, Vmax değeri 0.056 EÜ mL-1; CDNB için KM değeri 0.321 mM, Vmax değeri 0.129 EÜ mL-1 olarak belirlendi.

Objective: Sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (SISHL) is defined as an audiological emergency and although many studies have been conducted on the factors affecting prognosis, there is no consensus yet. The aim of this study is to analyze the prognostic value of clinical and audiological factors in patients with SISHL.Patients and Methods: The data of 210 patients, 118 male and 92 female, who were treated for SISHL, were analyzed retrospectively. Demographic data, audiometry findings, additional symptoms and diseases of the patients were recorded. Degree of hearing loss; were classified as mild (26-40 dB), moderate (41-55 dB), moderate-severe (56-70 dB), severe (71-90 dB) and deep (> 90 dB) according to pure tone audiometry test. The type of hearing loss was determined as descending type, ascending type, midfrequency type and flat type. The patients were divided into three groups as those who started treatment in the first 3 days, between 3-10 days and after 10 days. The effects of age, gender, audiometric findings, additional symptoms and diseases on pre-treatment hearing level, post-treatment hearing level and hearing gain levels were evaluated.Results: The median age of the patients was 46.0 (18.0) years. The most common flat audiogram (54.8%) was seen in the patients. It was observed that patients with flat type audiograms had more hearing loss and less hearing gain. It was determined that hearing gain was higher in patients with severe hearing loss (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the pre-treatment and post-treatment hearing levels (p; 0.051 and 0.409, respectively) according to the treatment initiation time, but there was a significant difference in the hearing gain levels (p = 0.005). In patients who started treatment in the first 3 days, the gain was higher than those who started after 4-10 days and 10 days. It was observed that there was no significant difference in pre-treatment and post-treatment hearing levels and hearing gain levels according to gender, affected ear direction, additional findings and presence of diseases.Conclusion: Early initiation of treatment was found to be the most important prognostic factor in SISHL. Raising public awareness for early diagnosis and treatment will reduce the sequelae that may occur due to SISHL., Amaç: Ani idiyopatik sensörinöral işitme kaybı (AİSNİK) odyolojik acil bir durum olarak tanımlanır. AİSNİK’te prognozu etkileyen faktörlerle ilgili pek çok çalışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen henüz fikir birliği yoktur. Bu çalışmanın amacı AİSNİK olan hastalarda klinik ve odyolojik faktörlerin prognostik değerinin analiz edilmesidir.Hastalar ve Yöntem: AİSNİK nedeniyle tedavi edilen 118’i erkek, 92’si kadın 210 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların demografik verileri, odyometri bulguları, ek semptom ve hastalıkları kaydedildi. İşitme kaybının derecesi; saf ses odyometri testine göre hafif (26-40 dB), orta (41-55 dB), orta-şiddetli (56-70 dB), şiddetli (71-90 dB) ve derin (> 90 dB) olarak sınıflandırıldı. İşitme kaybının şekli saf ses odyometri testine göre inen tip, çıkan tip, çanak tip ve düz tip olarak belirlendi. Hastaların tedaviye başlama zamanına göre ilk 3 günde, 3-10 gün arası ve 10 günden sonra olacak şekilde üç gruba ayrıldı. Yaş, cinsiyet, odyometrik bulgular, ek semptom ve hastalıkların; tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası işitme seviyesi ile işitme kazanç seviyesi üzerine etkileri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların yaşlarının medyan değeri 46.0 (18.0) yıl idi. Odyometrini tipine göre en sık düz tip odyogram (%54.8) olduğu görüldü. Düz tip odyogramlara sahip hastalarda işitme kaybı seviyesi daha yüksek iken işitme kazançlarının daha az olduğu tespit edildi. Şiddetli işitme kaybı olan hastalarda işitme kazancının daha fazla olduğu belirlendi (p < 0.05). Tedaviye başlama sürelerine göre tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası işitme seviyelerinde anlamlı fark yoktu (sırasıyla p; 0.051 ve 0.409) ancak işitme kazanç seviyelerinde anlamlı fark olduğu tespit edildi (p = 0.005). İlk 3 günde tedaviye başlanan hastalarda işitme kazanç seviyesi 4-10 gün ve 10 günden sonra başlananlara göre daha fazla idi. Hastalarda cinsiyet, etkilenen kulak yönü, ek bulgu ve hastalıkların varlığına göre tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası işitme seviyeleri ile işitme kazanç seviyelerinde anlamlı fark olmadığı görüldü. Sonuç: Tedaviye erken başlamanın AİSNİK’te en önemli prognostik faktör olduğu görüldü. İşitme kayıplarında erken tanı ve tedavi için toplumun bilinçlendirilmesi AİSNİK nedeni ile oluşmuş sekelleri azaltacaktır.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the biomotor and technical skills of wheelchair basketball players through their classification scores. Methods: A total of 22 male athletes, 11 with low trunk control (1 to 2.5 points) and 11 with high trunk control (3 to 4.5 points) from Turkish Wheelchair Basketball First League, voluntarily participated in the research. Athletes were grouped according to the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation functional classification system. Biomotor features of the athletes and wheelchair basketball skill test scores were measured. SPSS 24.0 program was used for data analysis. Group differences were determined by Mann-Whitney U analysis. Results: The study revealed statistically significant differences were in classification points, trunk balance, modified sit-up, modified abdominal endurance, 20 m speed, slalom without the ball, slalom with the ball and 6-min endurance race test parameters (p

Background The effect of Covid-19 infection on nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) is unknown. Aims/objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between Covid-19 and nasal MCC in terms of smoking, Covid-19 symptoms and treatment. Methods Thirty-six patients who were hospitalized in the pandemic ward due to Covid-19 and 36 volunteers (Covid-19 negative test result) who presented to the otolaryngology outpatient clinic with non-nasal symptoms were included in this study. The Saccharin test was performed in both groups to evaluate nasal MCC. Results The patients and control groups were not significantly different in terms of age and gender. The nasal MCC time was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (19.18 ± 10.84 min and 13.78 ± 8.18 min, p = .003). Conclusions and significance In this study, we found that Covid-19 prolonged nasal MCC time regardless of age. We suggest that corticosteroids should be included in the treatment of Covid-19, both with its symptom reduction and its positive effect on MCC duration.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the demographic characteristics, foreign body (FB) types, treatment approaches and complications of pediatric patients with FB detected in the external ear canal. Methods: The files of pediatric patients who were found to have FBs in the external auditory canal by ENT specialists between December 2020 and February 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The age, gender, type of FBs, treatment methods and complications of the patients were recorded. Results: A total of 108 patients (66 male (61.1%) and 42 female (38.9%) patients) with FB detected in the external ear canal were included in the study. The patients' ages ranged from 1 to 17 years and the median age was 5.0 (4.0) years. FBs were detected in the right ear in 64 (59.3%) patients, in the left ear in 41 (38.0%) patients, and in both ears in 3 (2.8%) patients. The most common FBs were beads (31.5%), insects (9.3%), pencil tips (8.3%) and cotton (8.3%). Complications were observed in 9.3% of the cases. FBs were removed under outpatient conditions in 100 (92.6%) patients, while they were removed under general anesthesia in 8 (7.4%) patients. Conclusion: FBs in the external ear canal were frequently seen in children aged 5 years and younger. Most of the FBs consisted of inorganic materials such as beads. In order to avoid complications, especially in the presence of a round and hard FB that cannot be removed with simple applications, consultation from an ENT specialist should be requested.

Bu çalışmada, gebe ve gebe olmayan ineklerde asprosin düzeylerinin tespit edilmesi, bazı biyokimyasal parametreler ile asprosin düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 60 adet Simental ırkı inek, gebe olan (n=30) ve postpartum 15. günde (n=30) gebe olmayan inekler olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı ve ineklerden bir kez kan alınarak asprosin düzeyleri ve biyokimyasal parametreler ölçüldü. Ölçülen biyokimyasal parametreler Alkalen fosfataz (ALP), Amilaz, Kreatin kinaz miyokardial band (CK-MB), Kreatin kinaz N-asetil sistein (CK-NAC), Gama glutamil transferaz (GGT), Aspartat Aminotransferaz (AST), Alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), Direkt bilirubin, Total bilirubin , Kalsiyum (Ca), Kolin (CHO), Kreatin, Glikoz, Total protein, Üre, Albümin, Demir, Fosfor, Lacktat dehidrogenaz (LDH-P), High-density lipoprotein kolesterol (HDL-C), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Trigliserit, Magnezyum (Mg) ve Unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC)’dir. Asprosin düzeyleri ticari ELİSA kitleri kullanılarak, biyokimyasal parametreler ise otoanalizörde ölçüldü. Asprosin düzeyleri ve biyokimyasal parametreler hem grup için hem de gruplar arası karşılaştırılarak sonuçlar değerlendirildi. Elde edilen veriler ışığında gebe olmayan ineklerin direkt biluribin ve total biluribin miktarı gebe ineklerden yüksek, CHO, HDL-C, LDL ve asprosin miktarları ise düşük bulundu. Gebe ineklerin asprosin ile biyokimyasal parametreleri karşılaştırıldığında ise asprosin ile albümin, direkt biluribin, total biluribin ve kreatin miktarları arasında pozitif yönde korelasyon bulundu. Gebe olmayan ineklerde ise asprosin ile amilaz ve fosfor arasında negatif korelasyon, asprosin ile kreatin ve glikoz arasında pozitif yönde korelasyon gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, gebe ineklerde asprosin düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu ve bu hormonla biyokimyasal parametreler arasında negatif veya pozitif yönde korelasyonlar olabileceği kanaatine varıldı.

The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes and awareness levels of physical education and sports teacher candidates towards the effects of sports on intellectually disabled individuals. The research population consists of physical education teacher candidates who continue their education in the physical education and sports departments of universities. Accessible sampling method, one of the non-random sampling methods, was used in the study. The study group of the research consists of physical education teacher candidates (n=306) who continue their education in Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Selcuk University and Aksaray University physical education and sports departments in the 2020-2021 academic year. As data collection tools in the research, '’Awareness Scale for the Effects of Sports on Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities'’, and 'Attitude Scale Towards Sportive Activities of Intellectualy Disabled individuals'’, and '' "Personal Information Form" was used. In the analysis of the age variable, gender, class level, family or relative disabled individual variable, whether to do regular sports or not, and the educational status of the parents, obtained from the personal information form in the research; frequency and percentage values were used. Because of the data showed normal distribution, the independent sample T test was used in the groups of gender, family or relative with disability, whether doing regular sports or not. For comparisons of more than two groups, the Anova test, which is a one-way analysis of variance, was used. Pearson Correlation test was used to find out whether there is a relationship between physical education teacher candidates' awareness and attitudes towards the intellectually disabled individuals. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the awareness and attitude levels of the physical education teacher candidates towards the intellectually disabled individuals are significantly different (p

The aim of this research is to examine the job satisfaction and job performance levels of amputee football referees according to some demographic variables and to investigate the relationship between them. The model of the research is the relational survey model, one of the general survey models. The universe of the research consists of amputee football referees who actively work in Amputee Football Leagues in the years 2020-2021. The reached sample group (n=86) constitutes 96% of the population. "Job satisfaction scale" developed by Chang and Chang (2007) and adapted to Turkish by Koca and Yıldız (2018), "Job Performance Scale" developed by Koca and Yıldız (2018) were used as data collection tools in the research. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program. In the analysis of the obtained data, firstly descriptive statistical methods (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation) were used. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results were examined in order to determine whether the data showed a normal distribution, and it was determined that the data were not normally distributed. Since it did not show a normal distribution, Mann Whitney U Test was used for paired group comparisons and Kruskal Wallis H Test was used for comparisons of more than two groups. In addition, Spearman Rank Correlation Test, which is one of the nonparametric tests, was used to reveal the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction. The significance level was accepted as p

Dorsal preservation techniques have been preferred and gained popularity in recent years. The current study compares the effects of dorsal preservation and dorsal reduction rhinoplasty on nasal patency and aesthetic outcomes by using Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and rhinomanometry. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare dorsal preservation and dorsal reduction techniques with rhinomanometry.This is a prospective study of 34 patients who underwent rhinoplasty between January 2021-June 2022. The patients were randomly selected preoperatively and divided into two groups as structural rhinoplasty (SR) and preservation rhinoplasty (PR). Nasal Obstruction and Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) scales and rhinomanometric evaluation were performed preoperatively, at 3rd month and 12th month postoperatively.Nineteen patients (10 female, 9 male) were in SR group, 15 patients (7 female, 8 male) were in PR group. There was not significant difference in terms of age and gender between groups. In both groups, NOSE, SCHNOS-O and SCHNOS-C results were found to be significantly lower at postoperative 3rd and 12th month compared to preoperatively (p 0.001 for the entire SR group, p = 0.001 for the entire PR group). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of PROMs. Mean total nasal volume (TNV) at 12th month were statistically higher than preoperative value in PR group (p = 0.031). Also there was no significant difference in SR group and between groups in terms of rhinomanometry results.Dorsal preservation with pushdown technique provides good functional and aesthetic results comparable with structural rhinoplasty.This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 . A well-designed prospective clinical trial.

Today, innovative productions have gained great importance to meet customer expectations. In this study, color stripping in reactive dyed knitted cotton fabrics with ozone technology was investigat...

Nylon fibres are commonly used in blends with elastane. One of the problems encountered in the printing of nylon/elastane blend fabrics is the necessity of long steaming times for fixation, which causes an increase in energy consumption. In this study, the possibility of printing polyamide fabrics with 1:2 metal complex dyes for short steaming times was investigated. For this aim, laboratory and sample scale trials were performed to develop a method of chemically modifying fibres so that polyamide fabrics can be printed in short steaming times. Based on the results obtained in both trials, it was noticed that the steaming time for fixation could be reduced from 30 minutes to 15 minutes by printing with 1:2 metal complex dyes without causing a loss of printing yield and without affecting the fastness adversly in case of applying cationisation pretreatment with a modified quaternary polyalkylamine compound based product. © 2021, Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres. All rights reserved. 3130834 We would like to thank to TUBITAK for supporting this study within the 3130834 coded TEYDEB project. In addition, we are grateful to the Serhas Tekstil Company for giving us the opportunity to realise sample scale industrial printing trials.

Tekstil endüstrisinin vazgeçilmez hammaddelerinden biri olan pamuk, beyaz rengin ötesinde çeşitli kahve ve yeşil tonlarında da üretilebilen doğal bir elyaftır. Doğal renkli pamuk, sahip olduğu çeşitli özelliklerle tekstil endüstrisi için yenilikçi katma değeri yüksek ürünler geliştirilmesinde önemli bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Çevredostu üretimin büyük önem kazandığı günümüz koşullarında atık yükü oluşturmayan yeni proseslerin ve üretim yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi büyük önem kazanmıştır. Terbiye prosesleri arasında en fazla atık yükü oluşturan boyama işlemlerini ortadan kaldırmanın ve böylece önemli çevresel avantajlar elde etmenin bir yolu doğal lifin renkli olarak yetiştirilmesidir. Renkli pamuk üretimi her ne kadar uzun yıllar önce başarılmış bir konu olsa da literatür incelendiğinde renkli pamukların fiziksel-teknolojik özellikler açısından beyaz pamuğa göre geride kalıyor olmasının bu liflerin yaygın kullanımı üzerinde önemli bir engel teşkil ettiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, renkli pamuğun yetiştiriciliği ve türleri hakkında özet bilgi verildikten sonra; liflerin genel özellikleri, avantaj ve dezavantajları ile renkli pamuk konusunda bugüne kadar yapılmış tekstil alanındaki önceki çalışmalara ilişkin literatür özeti sunulmaktadır.

Background: Peritonsillar abscess is a serious infectious disease of the tonsil tissue. Treatment usually requires both medical and surgical approaches to relieve symptoms. Recently, some tests such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin in addition to clinical follow-up are thought to be additional inflammatory monitoring markers.Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the CRP/albumin ratio can be used to predict conversion to peritonsillar abscess in patients with acute tonsillitis.Patients and methods: This study was conducted by retrospectively evauating the CRP / albumin ratios of 138 patients with acute tonsillitis and 106 patients with peritonsillar abcess who were admitted to our clinic between January 2003 and June 2020. Leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, C – reactive protein, albumin and neutrophil – lymphocyte ratio values were simultaneously analyzed and compared between groups.Results: CRP / albumin ratio levels were significantly higher in the peritonsillar abscess group than in the acute tonsillitis group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between peritonsillar abscess and acute tonsillitis group in neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio levels (p > 0.05). While the rate of albumin was found to be significantly lower in the peritonsillar abscess group, the lymphocyte count was found to be significantly higher. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of white blood cell count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein values (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The CRP / albumin ratio is thought to be an easy-to-measure, reproducible, non-invasive prognostic score that can be used to predict peritonsillar abscess formation in patients with acute tonsillitis., Amaç: Peritonsiller apse, tonsil dokusunun ciddi bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Tedavisinde genellikle semptomları hafifletmek için hem tıbbi hem de cerrahi yaklaşımlar gerekir. Son zamanlarda, klinik takibe ek olarak C-reaktif protein (CRP) ve albumin gibi bazı parametrelerin, ek enflamatuar izleme belirteçleri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı akut tonsillitli hastaların peritonsiller apseye dönüşümünü tahmin etmek için CRP / albumin oranının kullanılıp kullanılamayacağını araştırmaktır.Hastalar ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Ocak 2003 ile Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında Konya Şehir Hastanesi Kulak Burun Boğaz Kliniği’nde yatış yapılarak takip edilen 138 akut tonsillitli ve 106 peritonsiller apseli hastanın retrospektif olarak CRP/albumin oranları değerlendirilerek gerçekleştirildi. Aynı zamanda lökosit, nötrofil ve lenfosit sayıları ile CRP, albümin ve nötrofil / lenfosit (NLO) oranı değerleri de retrospektif olarak analiz edildi ve hasta grupları arasında karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: CRP / albumin oranı düzeyleri peritonsiller apse grubunda, akut tonsillit grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p0.05). Peritonsiller apse grubunda albümin oranı anlamlı olarak düşük bulunurken (p0.05).Sonuç: CRP / albümin oranının, akut tonsillitli hastalarda peritonsiler apse dönüşümünü tahmin etmek için kullanılabilecek ölçülmesi kolay, tekrarlanabilir, invaziv olmayan ve inflamasyona dayalı prognostik bir skor olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

WOS:000756685000038 Background and aim: Covid-19 pandemic has dramatically affected football, one of the most popular sports in the world, and significantly changed the competitive football sphere. This study was conducted to examine the effects of the suspensions and isolation process applied in leagues due to Covid-19 on the performance levels of amateur football players. Methods: Twenty male amateur football players (19.05 +/- 1.3 years) participated in the study as volunteers. Certain physical tests were applied to examine participants' performance levels. The detraining period was 80 days. Pre-testing started in March 2020 when the restrictions first introduced in Turkey as the post-test process was initialized in the first week of June after normalization signals. Results: Results showed that there are statistically significant variances in the parameters of body weight, body mass index, sit-and-reach, hand grip strength, medicine ball throw, 30-m speed, Illinois agility, 30-sec sit-ups, 30-sec push-ups, counter movement jump, peak power, Yo-yo IR-Level 1 and V-O2max (p

Vaginal hyperplasia is characterized clinically as the protrusion of edematous hyperplastic mucosa tissue through the vulvar lips. Generally, it is formed during the proestrus and estrus periods in dogs. In this case report, 12 months old, pregnant Kangal breed dog with a mass in the vagina was presented with pre and postoperative findings. The bitch without any genital problems at pro/estrus stages was mated about two months ago. During the clinical examination, it was detected that bitch was in the second stage of labor and had type III vaginal hyperplasia. After the delivery of nine puppies without complication, the bitch was placed under general anesthesia and the hyperplasic tissue was removed surgically. Although no hyperplasia history at pro/estrus stages of the bitch, the fact that vaginal hyperplasia was observed in the last trimester of pregnancy is remarkable. Interestingly, this hyperplastic mass did not cause dystocia during all the puppies’ delivery in this case. In conclusion, in pregnant dogs, routine genital exams should be performed once at least until parturition to control vaginal structural integrity.

This research was conducted to determine physical characteristics of physically handicapped women badminton players and to examine the effects of badminton sport on the physical characteristics of physically handicapped women. A total of 43 women including physically handicapped badminton players (n= 20) and control group consisting of physically handicapped (n= 23) participated voluntarily to the researh. In accordance with the obstacle classification determined by the International Physically Handicappeds Badminton Federation, handicapped female badminton players were composed of two groups including SL-3, SL-4, SU-5 (standing players, n= 11) and WH-1, WH-2 (wheelchair players, n= 9). In control groups, disabled persons with inactive lifestyle (standing, n= 13 and wheelchair, n= 10) were included in the study. In order to identify the physical characteristics of the participants; stature, weight, BMI, upper extremity length (arm-forearm-hand), circumference (arm-forearm), flexibility, balance, modified sit-ups, modified abdominal endurance, hand grip strength, plate tapping and modified push-up tests were made. SPSS 21.0 program was used in the analysis of the data and differences between the groups were determined by Mann-Whitney U test. Significancy level was considered as p

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the volumetric analysis among the volumes of concha bullosa,maxillary and frontal sinus,nasal septal deviation angle. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed digitally stored paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) images of 509 adult patients. Concha bullosa, maxillary sinus and frontal sinus volume,nasal septal deviation (NSD) angle were determined on CT scans. Results The average volumes of concha bullosa,maxillary sinus,frontal sinus were 1,07 ± 0,88,13,26 ± 5,08 and 4,87 ± 2,64,respectively in the under the average age range patients. The average volumes of concha bullosa, maxillary sinus and frontal sinus in the above the age range were 1,13 ± 0,83,16,57 ± 7,38 and 5,07 ± 2,05,respectively. Discussion There was a positive correlation between concha bullosa and paranasal sinus volumes.Our results may helpful in understanding normal volumetric values of the paranasal sinuses and concha bullosa.The knowledge of presented data may be useful in clinical planning of medical or surgical interventions of the paranasal sinuses and concha bullosa.

Theaim of this study was to determine the reaction times of physically disabledInternational badminton players, and to analyze the effects of badminton ontheir reaction times. The study was based on physically handicapped badmintonplayers from different countries (Turkey, France, Spain, Russia, Poland,Thailand, India, Bulgaria, and England) who attended 3rd International Enes-CupPhysically Disabled Badminton Tournament (experiment, n=39, 15 females-24males), and physically handicapped individuals who do not deal with any sports(control, n=21, 9 females-12 males), totally 60 participants. Forming theresearch group, the players were divided into two groups according to thedisability classification of theInternational Paralympic Committee, SL-3,SL-4, SU-5 (playing on foot, n=23), and WH-1, WH-2 (playing on wheelchairs,n=12). At the end of the study, it was determined that there was astatistically significant difference in between the visual-audial reactiontimes of the male players compared to male control group, and in between visualreaction times of the female players compared to female control group(p

Objective of this study is to examine some physical parameters of basketball players at elite level who are playing in different league levels. Total 24 sportsmen consisting of 12 sportsmen from Turkish Man Basketball 2nd League and 12 sportsmen from Turkey Men Basketball 3rd league whose training age is minimum 5, voluntarily participated to this study. Vertical jumping, 20 m speed running, hand grip strength (right and left), flexibility, 30 sec do sit-ups, 30 sec push-up, 20 m shuttle running tests were performed for determining physical properties of basketball players. It was determined that the 2nd league basketball players had better hand grip strength (right-left), Max VO2 and anaerobic power values than basketball players playing in the 3rd league. Statistically significant difference was determined in 20 m speed running parameter (p

OBJECTIVES We aim to provide useful evidence on the relationship between the albumin levels and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and its potential use as an inexpensive, reliable, and independent prognostic marker of CRSwNP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five patients with CRSwNP and 45 healthy individuals were included in the study. Serum albumin levels were determined. The serum albumin levels of the study and control groups were compared to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference. RESULTS The mean albumin level of the study group was 4.65 ± 0.38, the median value was 4.70. The mean albumin level of the control group was 4.84 ± 0.39, the median value was 4.90. There was a statistically significant difference between the albumin levels of the study and control groups (P = 0.045, P

Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most frequent diagnoses and reasons for prescribing antibiotics in children. The aims of this prospective study were the following: (1) to assess the continuing education of physicians and the sources of information about AOM; (2) to assess the current knowledge of and attitudes toward AOM as well as the compliance with AOM guidelines; (3) to evaluate opinions about vaccines against AOM; and (4) to estimate the potential costs of AOM on the healthcare system in Turkey.This is a web-based cross-sectional survey of a national convenience sample of 600 physicians in Turkey (325 pediatricians (PEDs), 214 family physicians/general practitioners (FPGPs) and 61 otolaryngologists (ENTs)).Approximately 38.6% of participants (39.4% of PEDs, 44.3% of GPFPs and 14.7% of ENTs) stated that pneumatic otoscopy is essential for AOM diagnosis. Regarding the most common etiological agents of AOM in children, 54.2% of PEDs, 51.4% of FPGPs and 57.4% of ENTs stated that the most common causative agents of AOM are Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Nearly 76% of participants indicated they use direct antibiotic therapy when they diagnose AOM in certain situations. The first-line choice of antibiotic therapy is amoxicillin clavulanate, and 67% of participants prefer to use antibiotic therapy for 7-10 days. Approximately 31% of all participants stated that "viruses" are the main cause of AOM; however, 62% of these participants reported using antibiotic therapy. In comparison, 32% participants from private clinics prefer to treat AOM primarily with observation, a rate that is significantly higher than that of other clinical settings. Physicians who prefer to use observation strategy also prefer the combination of paracetamol and NSAIDs. Approximately 41% of participants have undergone postgraduate medical education on the topic of AOM. In total, 73% of all participant physicians believe that otitis media is a vaccine-preventable disease. With the information from all of the participants, the calculated mean cost per case of AOM is 28 ± 4 USD. In Turkey, the estimated incidence of AOM is 24,000-33,000 cases per 10,000 children5 years of age (1,820,000-2,100,000 cases per year), and the estimated total cost of AOM is 61,152,000 USD (not including acute otitis media-related complications and otitis media-related hospitalizations).The medical and economic burden of AOM to the health economics in Turkey is considerable. Specific educational programs and evidence-based national guidelines concerning AOM should be implemented. Improving diagnostic accuracy with education will lead to improved management, judicious use of antibiotics, decreased antibiotic resistance, and potential economic benefits. A more prudent use of antibiotics would also lower the economic burden of this disease. Vaccination seems to be promising for the prevention of AOM.

WOS: 000316676300056, PubMed ID: 23524698, Objective: We aimed to evaluate a possible relation between gastroesophageal reflux disease and middle ear effusion in children. Methods: Children who came to ear, nose, and throat (ENT) department with the symptoms of hearing loss or aural fullness and diagnosed as OME by examination and tympanometry were included into the study. Children were reviewed gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms including the following: (a) airway symptoms: stridor, frequent cough, recurrent croup, wheezing, nasal congestion, obstructive apnea, hoarseness, and throat clearing; (b) feeding symptoms: frequent emesis, dysphagia, choking: gagging, sore throat, halitosis, food refusal, regurgitation, pyrosis, irritability, failure to thrive, and anemia. Diagnosis is made with at least one positive test of radionuclide gastroesophageal scintigraphy or 24 h pH probe in the patients with reflux. ENT findings were also examined between gastroesophageal reflux disease positive and gastroesophageal reflux disease negative groups. Results: Approximately 39 (54.9%) of 71 children had at least 1 positive test for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Between the gastroesophageal reflux disease-positive and gastroesophageal reflux disease-negative groups, symptoms of reflux were not significantly different. Two pooled variables were created: airway complex (stridor, frequent cough, throat clearing), and feeding complex (irritability, pyrosis, failure to thrive). Percentage of positive symptom complexes were no statistically different between gastroesophageal reflux disease-positive and gastroesophageal reflux disease-negative groups (>0.05). Ear, nose, and throat disorders (including rhinitis/sinusitis, adenoid hypertrophy, tonsillitis/pharyngitis, and laryngitis) were more frequent in gastroesophageal reflux disease-positive group. Tonsillitis/pharyngitis was significantly different between the gastroesophageal reflux disease positive and gastroesophageal reflux disease-negative groups. Conclusions: Upper respiratory tract infections were seen more frequently in gastroesophageal reflux disease positive group. Children who present with gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms are more likely to have a positive gastroesophageal reflux disease test. However, no concordance may be found between the complaints and gastroesophageal reflux disease findings. For this reason, a decision about gastroesophageal reflux disease should not only be made by looking to complaints; diagnostic tests must also be performed., NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR006886]

OBJECTIVES Mean platelet volume (MPV) is one of the platelet function indices that reflect the platelet production rate and functions. The MPV levels are increased by vascular occlusion, acute or chronic syndromes, and vasculitis, whereas infections, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory situations reduce these levels. In this study, the authors investigated whether there was a relationship between platelet indices and subjective tinnitus. METHODS In this retrospective study, the authors evaluated platelet indices in subjective tinnitus patients. One hundred patients with subjective tinnitus and 100 healthy, age and sex-matched subjects were enrolled to the study. Audiometer and laboratory results were recorded. Comparative multivariate analyses between indicator factors and hearing outcomes were conducted. RESULTS Mean platelet volume is significantly lower in subjective tinnitus group (P

The purpose of this study was to determine the possible role of nasal septal deviation on volume of maxillary and frontal sinuses. Between February 2011 and October 2013, paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) findings of 732 patients (410 males, 322 females) who were admitted to Ear Nose and Throat Department of Kayseri Research and Training Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. By excluding the other coexistent sinonasal pathologies, 83 consecutive patients with nasal septal deviations were included in the study. The volume of each maxillary and frontal sinus (ipsi- and contralateral to the deviation side) was also calculated using the computer program. There was no statistically significant difference between ipsilateral and contralateral maxillary sinus volumes in group 1 and group 3 (P 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between ipsilateral and contralateral maxillary sinus volumes in group 2 (P 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between ipsilateral and contralateral frontal sinus volumes in group 1, group 2, and group 3 (P 0.05). Moderate septal deviation significantly affects the volume of maxillary sinus. Mild and severe septal deviation does not significantly affect the volume of maxillary sinus. Effect of septal deviation on frontal sinus volume was not detected. The probability to encounter maxillary and frontal sinusitis ipsilateral to the all septum deviation groups was significantly increased in both right- and left-sided subjects.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether increased intima media thickness was associated with the severity of subjective non-pulsatile tinnitus and hearing loss. Data of the patients who came to Otorhinolaryngology Department of Isparta Government Hospital with subjective non-pulsatile tinnitus complaint, between January 2012 and June 2013, were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 215 patients were included in the present study. Hearing tests, biochemical analysis, tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), visual analogue scale (VAS) and doppler ultrasonography results of the patients were reviewed and recorded. The patients were classified into two groups as those having an increased intima media thickness and those having a normal intima media thickness. The said groups were compared with respect to age, gender, THI, VAS, hearing test findings and lipid values. Moreover, THI and VAS groups were compared with respect to intima-media thickness. In the group having increased intima-media thickness, THI and VAS average, frequency of hypertension, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride averages and mean frequencies obtained by hearing test were significantly higher. Comparison of THI and VAS groups showed that intima-media thickness was significantly different between those having a mild tinnitus and those having a severe tinnitus. Increased intima-media thickness was associated with the severity of subjective non-pulsatile tinnitus and hearing loss. For this reason, the carotid system should be examined in subjective non-pulsatile tinnitus patients.

Background and aims: The possible hepatotoxicity of cigarette smoke has been recently discussed in epidemiological and experimental studies. This study examined the possible relationship between smoking and degree of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C. Material and methods: The study was performed on a group of 55 patients with chronic hepatitis B and of 51 patients with chronic hepatitis C in whom the diagnosis had been confirmed by liver biopsy. Patients were evaluated according to age, gender, number of cigarettes smoked, alcohol consumption, scores of HAI and fibrosis on the liver biopsy. Results: Thirty-two (58%) chronic hepatitis B and 22 (43%) chronic hepatitis C patients were smokers. In patients with chronic hepatitis C, smokers had high HAI score (0.013) and fibrosis (0.042) on liver biopsy compared with non-smokers. Such results were not found in patients with chronic hepatitis B (for HAI score p: 0.456 and for fibrosis p: 0.084). If patients with no history of alcohol consumption are taken as a separate group, there were similar results in each group (in patients with chronic hepatitis B, p value for both HAI score and fibrosis was >0.05, and in patients with chronic hepatitis C, p value for HAI score and fibrosis was 0.053 and 0.042, respectively). Conclusions: Smoking increases the severity of hepatic lesions in patients with chronic hepatitis C but in not in those with chronic hepatitis B., Giriş ve amaç: Yakın dönemlerde sigaranın muhtemel hepatotoksisitesi epidemiyolojik ve deneysel olarak gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda kronik hepatit B ve C'de sigara içimi ile fibrozisin muhtemel ilişkisini saptamaya çalıştık. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya tanıları biyopsi ile doğrulanan, 55 kronik hepatit B, 51 kronik hepatit C'li vaka dahil edildi. Hastalar yaş, cinsiyet, sigara ve alkol kullanımı, biyopsilerinde HAI skoru ve fibrozis açısından değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Kronik hepatit B'li 32 (%58) vaka, C'li 22 (%43) vaka sigara içmekteydi. Sigara kullanan kronik hepatit C'li hastalar içmeyenlere oranla daha yüksek oranda fibrozis (0.042) ve HAI (0.013) skoruna sahiptiler. Aynı durum kronik hepatit B'de saptanmadı (HAI skoru için p:0.456). Ancak fibrozis açısından anlamsı zlık sınırda idi (p:0.084). Alkol kullanmayan hastalar ayrıca değerlendirildiğinde aynı durum her iki grup içinde devam etmekteydi (HAI skoru ve fibrozisde; kronik hepatit B için p>0.05, kronik hepatit C için p:0.053 ve p:0.042 sırasıyla). Sonuç: Sigara içimi kronik hepatit C'de karaciğer lezyonlarının ciddiyetini arttırsa da, aynı durum kronik hepatit B'de saptanmamıştır.

In this study, the correlation between neck metastasis and recurrence was investigated by studying specimens of tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients immunohistochemical with survivin antibodies in the primary biopsy. A retrospective review was conducted at the Academic University Hospital. 46 patients who had squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, who underwent various types of glossectomy and neck dissections between 1991 and 2008, were evaluated. The patient’s sex, TNM staging, differentiation and recurrence rates were analyzed. There were 20 T1 patients and 26 T2 patients; 27 of the patients were N0 and 19 had metastatic lymph nodes in the neck. Survivin antibodies were applied with streptavidin–biotin method to the sections that were prepared from the primary tumor biopsy specimens of the patients. The correlation between neck metastasis and recurrence and survivins’ immunohistochemical staining was analyzed with statistical methods. There were no significant differences between the patient’s age, sex, tumor’s T stage, tumor differentiation and survivin staining density. Survivin staining was positive in 15 (79 %) of 19 patients with neck metastasis, while it was positive in 16 (59 %) of 27 patients without neck metastasis. Eleven (79 %) of the 14 patients who had recurrence and all 6 patients who had neck recurrence only were stained by survivin. Expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin can be a useful marker for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in T1–T2 tumors in tongue SCC.

Learned helplessness is a psychological and cognitive process and state of mind when an individual remains unresponsive to new stimuli because of past experiences of (perceived) failure, which prevent subsequent learning. The state of learned helplessness could have an adverse effect on the employee productivity and could hinder adequately utilizing the human resources that are so critical to entities. It is shown that learned helplessness lies behind many problems such as unwillingness to work and perform operations or tasks as a matter of form; inability to engage in new and innovative thinking and practices; and incapability to go beyond routine works and operation. The objective of the present study is to identify factors that lead to learned helplessness among public sector employees. Specifically this article examines the relationship between the San Diego Municipal employees’ seniority level, position and demographic characteristics and their levels of learned helplessness. The survey results indicate that learned helplessness is correlated with the position, seniority, education and age of public sector employees; however gender was not correlated with helplessness. © 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.

Hepatitis C virüs (HCV) is the major causative agent of non-A non-B hepatitis worldwide. Six genotypes of HCV have alrdeady been reported. Genotype 1b-which is the most widespread worldwide- are correlated with more severe clinical manifestations, greater viral loads and lower response to interferon treatment., Hepatit C virüsü (HCV), tüm dünyada non-A non-B hepatitinden sorumlu majör ajandır. HCV'nin altı genotipi tanımlanmıştır. Tüm dünyada en yaygın olan genotip 1b daha ağır klinik belirtiler, daha yüksek viral yük ve interferon tedavisine daha düşük cevap ile ilişkilidir.

Aim of this study is to carry out a rhinomanometric assessment for the impact of altitude variation (1050–2215m) on nasal airflow. First of all, rhinomanometry standard values were specified in 100 healthy people (0.53 on the left; 0.55 Pa/cm³/sec on the right). 42 people were enrolled into the study. Nasal resistance was calculated for Group 1 when ascending from 1050m to 2215m and for Group 2 when descending from 2215m to 1050m. Nasal resistances and total nasal resistances were compared. Mean nasal resistances were determined as 0.54 Pa/cm³/sec on the right and 0.54 Pa/cm³/sec on the left for Group 1 and as 0.52 Pa/cm³/sec on the right and 0.59 Pa/cm³/sec on the left for Group 2. Altitude variation in Group 1 and 2 was detected to have no statistically significant effects on right and left nasal resistances. No variation in total resistance was determined either. Although ,Altitude variation from 1050 m to 2215 m or from 2215 m to 1050 m does not affect the nasal resistance in this study, due to the many factors that affect the physiology of the nose at high altitude a decisive conclusion can not be said. multi-factorial studies are needed., Bu çalışmanın amacı yüksek irtifa değişikliğinin burun havayolu direnci üzerine etkisinin rinomanometrik olarak değerlendirilmesidir. Öncelikle 100 sağlıklı kişide rinomanometri standart değerleri belirlendi(sagda 0, 53 solda 0, 55 Pa / cm³ /sn).Çalışmaya 42 kişi alındı.2 gruba ayrıldı.Grup 1 de 1050 den 2215 m ye çıkışta grup 2 de ise 2215 den 1050 ye inişte nazal direnç hesaplandı.Nazal dirençler ve total nazal dirençler karşılaştırıldı. Grup 1 de sagda 0,54 solda 0,54 grup 2 de ise sagda 0,52 solda 0,59 Pa / cm³ / sn ortalama nazal direnç tesbit edildi. Grup 1 ve 2 de irtifa değişikliğinin sag ve sol nazal dirençlerde istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadıgı gözlendi (Mann Whitney u testi). Total dirençte de degisiklik tesbit edilmedi (Student t testi). Bu çalışmada alçaktan yükseğe veya yüksekten alçağa irtifa değisikliği nazal direnci etkilememektedir şeklinde sonuç çıkmasına rağmen yüksek irtifada burun fizyolojisini etkileyen çok sayıda faktör olduğundan kesin sonuç söylenemez.Çok faktörlü çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır

The urban problems grow very fast and this leads to the increase in the responsibility of locaI authorities in the same manner. This problem can be moved by means of keeping them from the heavy tutelage of Central government. In this article, the authonomy problem in local authorities is tried to be studied.