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Tonsillectomy is still one of the most common surgical procedures worldwide performed by otorhinolaryngologists. This single-blind randomized study aimed to compare cold dissection tonsillectomy, coblation tonsillectomy, and harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy in pediatric patients in respect of intraoperative blood loss, operating time, and postoperative pain and bleeding. This single-blind randomized clinical trial evaluated 82 pediatric patients aged 3–16 years (mean age: 7.23 ± 3.26 years) applied with tonsillectomy between April 2017 and March 2020. Harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy was applied to 33 (40.2%) patients, the cold knife technique to 25 (30.5%), and coblation tonsillectomy to 24 (29.3%). There was no statistically significant difference between the three techniques in respect of postoperative pain levels and post-tonsillectomy bleeding rates. The intraoperative bleeding rate and mean operating time were determined to be significantly lower in the harmonic scalpel group (p

Objective: To evaluate the effects of caesarian section (CS) versus vaginal birth (VB) delivery techniques on results from neonatal hearing screening tests (NHSTs).Design: Retrospective analysis.St...

Headache is a common complaint which otolaryngologists frequently have to evaluate and treat in practice. Migraine, tension, cluster and sinus-rooted headaches are the most confronted ones in primary visits. Therefore, considerations of multidiscipline may be required to diagnose the rhinogenic and non-rhinogenic headaches. Rhinogenic headache is a distinct type of headache that has attracted an increased amount of attention in the recent years. The mechanism of headache is not yet known. In fact, the treatments of the above-mentioned headaches are different, but they may intersect in some cases. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and opioids are often used in headache treatment. Codeine, a well-known opioid derivative, has been prescribed for analgesia for a long time. This review aims to discuss the possible use and efficiency of NSAID and codeine combinations in the treatment of rhinogenic headaches.

New generation Doppler ultrasonography (DUSG) application effects on cochlea and cochlear nucleus (CN) are unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of new generation DUSG application at different frequencies in prenatal period on cochlea and CN in rats.Twenty-four pregnant female rats were divided into three groups (There was no any statistical difference between the groups in respect of histopathologically. USGED group showed mild caspase-3 positive neurons and glial cells. However, there was no significant difference between the USGED and other groups (Multiple administration of new generation DUSG to pregnant rats has not shown harmful effects on the cochlear neural tissue. High frequencies are more sensitive in cochlea to apply DUSG.

We aimed to evaluate oxidative stress in patients with peripheral vertigo by measuring serum prolidase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase levels.A total of 30 patients (age: 60 ) with peripheral vertigo and 30 healthy subjects were recruited. Blood samples were collected from both groups and serum prolidase levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MDA and catalase levels were measured by the spectrophotometric method.The most common cause of vertigo was BPPV (53.3%), followed by Ménière's disease (16.6%), vestibular neuritis (13.3%), lateral semicircular canal fistula (3.3%), and idiopathic vertigo (13.3%). Mean serum prolidase activity and MDA levels were significantly higher in the vertigo patients than in the control subjects (P 0.05); however, there was no statistically significant difference in mean serum catalase levels between the groups (P 0.05).We concluded that serum prolidase and MDA levels may be used as markers of oxidative stress in patients with peripheral vertigo.

To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Fonseca anamnestic index (FAI) over time in Turkish females.Four hundred-fourteen patients who visited the otorhinolaryngology clinic were initially included in the study between January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2019. The Turkish version of the FAI is a self-report instrument that was completed by all of the patients after a brief explanation from the clinician. Cronbach's alpha was calculated using data from the first questionnaire.The results of the first assessment showed 243 patients had no TMD (58.7%), 40 had mild TMD (9.7%), 87 had moderate TMD (21%), and 44 had severe TMD (10.6%). At the second assessment, the respective values were 243 (58.7%), 37 (8.9%), 98 (23.7%), and 36 (8.7%). The internal consistency of the first test was high.The FAI can be used to collect a large amount of data easily, at minimal cost.

Aim: The aim of this prospective animal study is to investigate the influence of multiple administrations of macrocyclic ionic (gadoteric acid) and linear nonionic (gadodiamide) gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) on submandibular gland tissue (SGT) of the rats. Material and method: Twenty-four Sprague Dawley female rats were included the study. Group 1 was determined as a control group (n = 6). Group 2 was determined as saline group (n = 6). Group 3 was determined as Omniscan group (n = 6) and received only intraperitoneal (IP) 0.1 mmol (0.2 mL/kg)/kg gadodiamide for 8 days. Group 4 was determined as Dotarem group (n = 6) and received only IP 0.1 mmol (0.2 mL/kg)/mg/kg gadoteric acid daily for 8 days. On the 9th day of the administration, the rats were sedated with ketamine and xylazine through IP injection. The right SGT was removed after sedation. Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in SGT were evaluated. Results: The SGT of the Omniscan and Dotarem groups decreased SGT acini surface area, and serous acinar cells number were observed. On the other hand, no pathology was observed. Mucous acinar cells’ caspase-3 positivity for the same markers in Omniscan and Dotarem sections was similar to the control group. However, Omniscan and Dotarem groups serous acinar cells were caspase-3 (+) staining. The intensity of serous acinar cells’ caspase-3 (+) for the same markers in Dotarem sections was similar to the Omniscan group. The results also revealed in the analysis of the mean area of the acinus area of the SGT; there were significantly decreased Dotarem group rats when compared to control rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We consider that numerical increased apoptosis results arise from repeated doses of GBCAs. Being aware of this effect of the contrast agent may have significance for the chronic sialo-adenitis patients group when used for recurrent contrasted MRI for diagnosis of diseases like MS which requires in follow-up. We should be aware about the frequently contrasted MRI in routine investigations. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

WOS: 000412366300007, PubMed: 27472983, Introduction: Tracheoesophageal peristomal fistulae can often be solved by reducing the size of the fistula or replacing the prosthesis; however, even with conservative techniques, leakage around the fistula may continue in total laryngectomy patients. Also, several techniques have been developed to overcome this problem, including injections around the fistula, fistula closure with local flaps, myofascial flaps, or free flaps and fistula closure using a septal perforation silicon button. Objective: To present the results of the application of silicon ring expanding the voice prosthesis in patients with large and persistent peri-prosthetic fistula. Methods: A voice prosthesis was fitted to 42 patients after total laryngectomy. Leakage was detected around the prosthesis in 18 of these 42 patients. Four patients demonstrated improvement with conservative methods. Eight of 18 patients who couldn't be cured with conservative methods were treated by using primary suture closure and 4 patients were treated with local flaps. As silicon ring was applied as a primary treatment in the 2 remaining patients and also, applied to 2 patients who had recurrence after suture repair and to 2 patients who had recurrence after local flap implementation. Silicon rings were used in a total of 6 patients due to the secondary trachea-esophageal fistula. Patients were treated with provox-1 initially and later with provox-2. At the time of leakage around the fistula, 6 patients had provox-2. Results: Fistulae were treated successfully in 6 patients, and effective speech of patients was preserved. Patients experienced no adaptation problem. Prosthesis changing time was not different between silicon rings expanded and normal prosthesis applied patients. Silicon ring combined voice prosthesis was used 26 times; there was no recurrence in fistula complication during 29 +/- 6 months follow up. Conclusion: Silicon rings for modified expanded voice prosthesis seems to be an effective treatment for persistent peri-prosthetic leakage, for both, fistula closure and preserving the patients speech. (C) 2016 Associacao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

Objectives To detect whether the mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are contributing factors in the diagnosis and severity of sleep apnea in obese children. Introduction Obesity is a public health problem, and its prevalence increases daily. Although PSG is the gold standard test in the investigation of sleep apnea, the application of this test requires equipment, personnel, time, and cost. There is no simple laboratory test for diagnosing and determining the severity of sleep apnea. Recently, MPV, NLR, and PLR, known as the inflammatory markers in CBC test parameters, have been investigated in some studies. We aim to investigate whether these parameters could provide a method for diagnosing and determining the severity of OSAS in obese children. Methods Clinical records of 180 patients were evaluated. All subjects had venous blood samples collected from the antecubital vein in the morning, after an overnight fasting, one day before PSG. Hemoglobin, RDW, MPV, PLT, platelet distribution width (PDW), and WBC count were measured. After anthropometric and laboratory analysis, 127 obese children were assessed for sleep study. Eighty-three patients who met the required polysomnographic criteria were divided into three groups as follows: group A [non-OSAS, apnea-plus-hypopnea index (AHI)

WOS: 000397985900010, PubMed: 27174776, Introduction: Ozone may promote moderate oxidative stress, which increases antioxidant endogenous systems. There are a number of antioxidants that have been investigated therapeutically for improving peripheral nerve regeneration. However, no previous studies have reported the effect of ozone therapy on facial nerve regeneration. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effect of ozone therapy on facial nerve regeneration. Methods: Fourteen Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups with experimental nerve crush injuries: a control group, which received saline treatment post-crush, and an experimental group, which received ozone treatment. All animals underwent surgery in which the left facial nerve was exposed and crushed. Treatment with saline or ozone began on the day of the nerve crush. Left facial nerve stimulation thresholds were measured before crush, immediately after crush, and after 30 days. After measuring nerve stimulation thresholds at 30 days post-injury, the crushed facial nerve was excised. All specimens were studied using light and electron microscopy. Results: Post-crushing, the ozone-treated group had lower stimulation thresholds than the saline group. Although this did not achieve statistical significance, it is indicative of greater functional improvement in the ozone group. Significant differences were found in vascular congestion, macrovacuolization, and myelin thickness between the ozone and control groups. Significant differences were also found in axonal degeneration and myelin ultrastructure between the two groups. Conclusion: We found that ozone therapy exerted beneficial effect on the regeneration of crushed facial nerves in rats. (C) 2016 Associacao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

Osteomlar, yavaş büyüyen matür kemik dokusundan oluşmuş benign tümörlerdir. Osteomlar, en sık mandibulada yerleşir. Paranazal sinüsler içerisinde en sık frontal sinüsü takiben etmoidal ve maksillar sinüsü tutar. Osteomların tedavisinde endonazal ve eksternal yaklaşımlar uygulanmaktadır. Bu vakada, eksternal yaklaşımla eksize edilen frontal sinüsten kaynaklanıp ethmoid sinüse uzanan osteom olgusunu sunuyoruz. Altmış yedi yaşında erkek hasta 1 yıldır devam eden sağ yüz yarımında ağrı ve şişlik şikâyeti ile polikliniğimize başvurdu. Paranazal sinüs bilgisayarlı tomografi incelemesinde sağ frontal sinüsten kaynaklanıp ethmoid sinüse uzanan osteom ile uyumlu kitle görünümü izlendi. Osteoplastik flep yaklaşımıyla kitle salim sınırlarla eksize edildi. Abdomenden alınan yağ dokusu ile frontal sinüs oblitere edildi. Postoperatif 6 aylık takibinde nükse rastlanmadı. Osteomların büyük çoğunluğu asemptomatiktir. Cerrahi endikasyonlar dikkatle değerlendirilmelidir. Cerrahi yaklaşım ise kitlenin büyüklüğüne ve yerleşim yerine uygun olarak seçilmelidir. Aksi takdirde nükslerle ve komplikasyonlarla karşılaşılması kaçınılmaz olacaktır., Osteomas are slow-growing benign tumors composed of mature bone tissue. Osteomas The most common site is the mandible. Frontal sinüs the most common involve paranasal sinüs followed ethmoid and maxillary sinüs. Osteomas treatment choose eksternal and endonasal aproach. This case, we presented composed of frontal sinüs to ethmoid sinüs osteoma which done eksternal approach. Sixty-seven years old man who have face of right face pain and swelling come outpatient. He have a composed of frontal sinüs to ethmoid sinüs mass. İt’s looklike a osteoma. It never treat with endonasal aproach. We prefered osteoplastic flep aproach. Osteoma to excise with clearly. Frontal sinus obliterated by abdominal fat tissiue. We didn’t see recurrence postoperative 6 mounth. Osteomas are generally asymptomatic. It’s surgery indications evaluate carefully. When you do surgery, you look mass size and location for suitable surgery. Otherwise recurrences and complications are inevitable.

Amac: Ulkemizde uzmanlik egitimini tamamlamak icin tez yazmak zorunludur, ancak tezin bir makale olarak yayinlanmasi zorunlu degildir. Bu nedenle, degerli bilimsel gercekleri iceren bircok tez maalesef makaleye donusturulmemektedir. Calismanin amaci, KBB hastaliklari tezlerinin bilimsel makalelere donusum oranlarini ve nitel bir analizini belirlemektir. Materyal – Metod: 2010-2015 yillari arasinda KBB ile ilgili tezleri arastirmak icin Yuksekogretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi web veritabani kullanilmistir. Her bir tez icin yayin yili, danisman ve yazarin adi, derginin adi, egitim kurumu ve tezin ozeti bilgileri kaydedilmistir: Tezin yayinlanma durumu Google Akademik, Pubmed, WoS ve ULAKBIM platformlarinda arastirilmistir. Bulgular: Calisma kapsaminda 517 teze ulasildi. En sik arastirma yontemi olarak prospektif (314; %61) kullanildigi gozlemlendi. Arastirmacilar otoloji (%40) ve rinolojinin (%29) kulak burun bogazinin en cok tercih edilen alt dali oldugunu bulmuslardir. Yayina donusturulen tezlerin 154'unun (%67,5) SCI ve SCI-E dergilerinde yayinlandigi; en cok makalenin European Archives Of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (%16,7) dergisinde yayinlandigi bulundu. Sonuc: KBB alanlarinda tezle ilgili makale yazma orani ulkemizde ve dunyadaki diger dallardan daha yuksektir, ancak yeterli degildir. Uzmanlik tezlerinin makale haline getirilip yayinlanmasi hem bilimin gelismesi hem de ulkemizin bilim camiasindaki yeri acisindan oldukca degerlidir. Bu nedenle danisman egitimciler arastirmacilari hazirladiklari tezleri makaleye donusturmeleri icin tesvik etmelidir.

Endoscopic sinus surgery is considered as a modern and effective method in otorhinolaryngology. Commonly, preoperative planning is made with the help of imaging techniques including X-ray, CT, and MRI, in addition to rigid or flexible endoscopy. The physicians create three-dimensional (3D) structures in their mind before the surgery by assembling two-dimensional (2D) images. Folks in the aerodynamic industry have been using 3D modeling since a long time, and researchers started using it in the nasal airway to see if they are able to provide a better understanding of the physiology underlying nasal function and nasal symptoms in sinus diseases. According to researchers, roughly 30% of adults in the US suffer from some form of chronic sinusitis, and that translates to a healthcare expenditure of nearly $6 billion. Although some patients may respond to medical treatments initially, the chronic sinus disease process can become very unresponsive and result in more advanced infections requiring a more aggressive treatment including surgery. Paranasal sinus CT scan in coronal plane is a term well known to radiologists all over the world. Slice thickness, shift, gantry tilt, and window settings are standardized values that are recognized internationally; hence, they can be reproducible worldwide. 3D reconstruction, which is available these days on PCs equipped, deals with this problem. By introducing a continuity of structures (0.5–1 mm sections), 3D reconstruction enables the visualization of the structures in total since it avoids the loss of images through utilization of the standard technique in sinus CT imaging (3–5 mm sections).

L’obiettivo del presente studio è stato determinare se i livelli plasmatici dei prodotti avanzati di ossidazione proteica (AOPP) rappresentino dei marker di stress ossidativo nei pazienti pediatrici affetti da tonsillite cronica. Per lo studio sono stati arruolati, presso i Dipartimenti di Otorinolaringoiatria e Chirurgia pediatrica dell’Ospedale Universitario di Dumlupinar, trenta bambini sani e trenta affetti da tonsillite cronica. Il gruppo dei pazienti affetti da malattia è stato sottoposto a un prelievo ematico preoperatorio e ad una biopsia intraoperatoria del tessuto tonsillare. Il gruppo dei pazienti sani è stato sottoposto unicamente al prelievo ematico. I livelli plasmatici e tissutali degli AOPP sono quindi stati misurati mediante spettrofotometria. I livelli sierici degli AOPP sono risultati essere più elevati nel gruppo dei pazienti affetti da tonsillite cronica (13,1 ± 3,3 ng/ml) rispetto al gruppo di controllo (11,6 ± 2,3 ng/ml; P < 0,05). Il livello tissutale medio degli AOPP nei pazienti malati è risultato essere superiore a quello plasmatico medio sia nel gruppo dei pazienti sani che in quello dei pazienti malati (41,9 ± 13,5 ng/mg; P < 0,05). I livelli plasmatici e tissutali degli AOPP sono risultati quindi essere più elevati nei pazienti malati rispetto al gruppo di controllo. Gli AOPP potrebbero quindi rappresentare una nuova classe di molecole pro-infiammatorie coinvolte nello stress ossidativo nella tonsillite cronica e potrebbero avere un ruolo come marker di stress ossidativo nei pazienti pediatrici affetti da tale patologia.

Objective: Although nasopharynx (NF) has an anatomically distant sites to view, biopsy can be taken easily from NF by the help of an endoscope in order to reach a definitive diagnosis. In this study, NF pathology results in the patient group were analyzed retrospectively. Methods: NF biopsy results of 80 patients who were admitted to Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) clinic of Dumlupinar University Evliya Celebi Education and Research Hospital between September 2012-February 2016 were included in the study, retrospectively. NF has been viewed to rule out NF cancer under general or local anesthesia by rigid or flexible endoscopes and punch biopsies were taken. Results: NF patients who underwent biopsy were composed of 25 (31.2%) females and 55 (68.8%) males and the average age was 35.33. Histopathological results in 3 patients (3.7%) were malignant. The pathology (96.3%) were identified as chronic lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoid processes in the remaining 77 patients. 4 patients underwent repeat biopsy follow-on clinical suspicion of malignancy, but ultimately malignancy was not observed. Conclusion: NF biopsy is a method which is easily applied in the examination of the cancer and other masses of NF. In this study, age, sex, clinical and histopathologic analysis of the patients who underwent NF biopsies were discussed in the light of the literature. J Clin Exp Invest 2016; 7 (1): 83-86 Key words: Nasopharynx, biopsy, malignancy

Objective: Epidermoid cyst is a cystic malformation which is most common in second and third decades, quite rare in oral cavity, which can be congenital or acquired and does not include skin tags. In this case report, we defi ned a giant epidermoid cyst which is located in mouth fl oor involving oral and submental regions, mimicking “plunging ranula” and discussed its surgical treatment.

Objective: To compare post-tonsillectomy morbidity between the Snare and Coblation methods in patients with sleep apnea. Method: The study is performed in 49 cases. Twentyone patients who were operated by Snare method while the other 28 patients underwent coblation tonsillectomy. The amount of intraoperative bleeding has been recorded. The pain levels at the postoperative hours 6th and 12th.; on the postoperative days of 1, 3, 7 the patients were assessed through VAS and Wong-Baker-Faces-Pain-Rating-Scale (WBFPRS) and were compared between two groups. The Tonsillar-Fossa-Wound-Healing-Score (TFWHS) assessment was carried out for the wound healing rate on the postoperative days of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10. Results: The patients who underwent coblation had significantly lower amounts of bleeding compared to the snare method (p=0.046). The patients who were assessed within the scope of this study and underwent tonsillectomy with snare method had significantly higher 6th hour VAS and WBFPRS scores (p=0.011, p=0.005); whereas 12th hour, days of 1, 2, 3 and 7 VAS and WBFPRS scores were similar. TFWHSs of the studied patients who underwent coblation were significantly higher on the days of 1 and 3 (p=0.007; p=0.008) but these scores were similar on days of 5, 7, and 10. Conclusion: The study has showed that the amount of intraoperative bleeding of the cases underwent coblation is significantly lower. The lower early period postoperative pain resulting in earlier oral intake and better recovery scores for the tonsillary fossa seems to be the advantages of the coblation as opposed to the snare method.

The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of intranasal midazolam on nasal mucosal tissue in rats. Forty healthy rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (n=8) was the control group, group 2 (n=8) received intranasal saline, group 3 (n=8) received intranasal midazolam, group 4 (n=8) received intraperitoneal saline, and group 5 received intraperitoneal midazolam (n=8). Midazolam and saline were administered via intraperitoneal and intranasal routes at doses of 200mg/kg. Nasal septal mucosal stripe tissues were removed at the 6th hour. All materials were evaluated according to Ki67 and p53 staining to evaluate proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, and hemotoxylin and eosin staining was performed for histopathology evaluation. Ki67 values and inflammation in group 3 were statistically higher compared to group 1, group 2, and group 4. P53 values in group 3 were statistically higher compared to group 1. Assessment of subepithelial edema between group 3 and the other groups revealed no statistically significant differences. Assessment of cilia loss between group 3 and group 1, group 2, and group 4 revealed no statistically significant difference. The evaluation of goblet cell loss between group 3 and group 1 revealed a statistically significant difference. Intranasal midazolamhad adverse effects on nasal mucosa. However, intranasal midazolam is as safe as systemic midazolam administration with respect to nasal mucosa. Copyright © 2015 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.

The ability of respiratory mucosal surfaces to eliminate foreign particles and pathogens and to keep mucosal surfaces moist and fresh depends on mucociliary activity. Chronic renal failure (CRF) is an irreversible medical condition that may result in important extrarenal systemic consequences, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory system abnormalities. Although there are studies describing nasal manifestations of CRF, data are lacking concerning the effects of the condition on nasal mucosa. The goal of the current study was to evaluate nasal mucociliary clearance (NMC) time in patients with CRF. This prospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary referral center included 32 non-diabetic end-stage CRF patients and 30 control individuals. The control group consisted of voluntary participants who had been referred to our clinic for symptoms other than rhinological diseases. The mean NMC times in CRF patients and control individuals were 12.51 ± 3.74 min (range 7–22 min) and 8.97 ± 1.83 min (range 6–13 min), respectively. The mean NMC time in patients with CRF was significantly longer than that in control individuals (p

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of a novel device, the endoilluminator, in patients who can or cannot attain effective speech after application of voice prosthesis. Study Design Prospective clinical study. Methods Thirty-four patients who underwent total laryngectomy and whose insufflation test was positive were included. As a result of efforts to develop an insufflation test that includes a light apparatus, we attained a device that we call an endoilluminator. We found that the area it illuminated when a patient achieved effective speech was a predictive factor for the test result. That is, patients for whom the upper part of the tracheostomy (where the standard tracheoesophageal fistula will be opened) was illuminated were categorized as the positive test group, whereas those for whom the neck skin above this region was illuminated were categorized as the negative test group. Results In 27 of the 34 patients, appropriate localization was determined using the endoilluminator, and these patients achieved effective speech. In the remaining seven patients, localization was inappropriate and they did not achieve effective speech during the first week, first month, or third month postpuncture. In further investigations of these seven patients, a pharyngoesophageal spasm was detected in five, and a pharyngoesophageal stricture was detected in two. Conclusion Endoilluminator increases the success rate of the insufflation test by accurately predicting a patient's ability to achieve effective speech after application of voice prosthesis. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 125:E239–E244, 2015

Objective: Epidermoid cyst is a cystic malformation which is most common in second and third decades, quite rare in oral cavity, which can be congenital or acquired and does not include skin tags. In this case report, we defined a giant epidermoid cyst which is located in mouth floor involving oral and submental regions, mimicking “plunging ranula” and discussed its surgical treatment. Case characteristics: A mass lesion measuring 5x5 cm which fills mouth floor and located in midcervical line was detected in a 13-year-old female patient who was admitted to our clinic with complaints of a swelling in the neck, difficulty to chew and swallow. The mass lesion was evaluated as cystic benign and measured as 6.5 x 4.5 cm on ultra-sonography examination. Tissue parts which included keratin and proteinous material were detected on fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)

Objective: To investigate hearing loss ratio of babies screened at our university hospital which is reference hospital in Kutahya, Turkey. Methods: A total number of 6881 newborns were screened for hearing between February 2010 and December 2013 in our hospital. Screening was done before newborns discharged. The parents of the newborns discharged during holidays were asked to come within 15 days. A three-stage screening protocol was implemented consisting of an initial screening with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) followed by a second-stage screening also with TEOAE and screening auditory brainstem response (ABR). Babies who had unilateral or bilateral referrals with TEOAE and screening ABR were referred to other clinics which have clinical ABR. Babies were divided into 2 groups by means of having risk factors and not having risk factors. Results: Out of 6881 newborns, 33 (0.47%) of them had hearing loss consisting of 21 (0.3%) patients had bilateral hearing loss and 12 (0.17%) patients had unilateral hearing loss. Conclusion: Newborn hearing screening tests should be done throughout the country and the babies with hearing loss should be identified before permanent damages occur so that these patients can be productive people for society.

Background The purpose of this study was to objectively determine and compare the efficacy and effectiveness of xylitol solution (Xlear Nasal Sprey®) compared with xylometazoline and physiological saline with respect to quality of life (QoL) in patients with nasal congestion. Methods A prospective, randomized study was performed in 42 patients who had nasal obstruction and hypertrophied turbinate mucosa that was refractory to medical treatment. The study population was randomized into 3 groups according to the application of xylometazoline, physiological saline, and xylitol hyperosmolar solution. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated objectively (4-phase rhinomanometry) and subjectively (visual analogue scale VAS.) before and after the application of the nasal solutions. QoL was evaluated by means of Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ). Results VAS scores and 4-phase rhinomanometry scores were better in the group treated with xylometazoline compared to those treated with xylitol or saline. The xylitol procedure yielded better results than the saline procedure, but differences were not statistically significant in both objective and subjective evaluation methods. For overall QoL, there was a significant improvement from baseline for the xylometazoline and xylitol groups. However, the improvement in the xylometazoline group was significantly greater than that obtained in the xylitol group. Conclusion Xlear Nasal Spray® is an effective modality in the treatment of nasal congestion and has positive effect on the QoL of patients. Further studies are needed in order to plan an ongoing treatment of Xlear Nasal Sprey® at certain intervals for continuous relief of symptoms and a better and longstanding QoL.

Objective. To determine the prevalence of herbal treatment of allergic rhinitis. Methods. In this prospective study, patients who were diagnosed with perennial allergic rhinitis were questioned about their use of natural products/herbal therapies for their symptoms. Results. In total, 230 patients were enrolled. Overall, 37.3% of the patients stated that they had used natural products/herbal therapies at least once. Women were more likely than men to use herbal supplements (38.3% versus 32.4%). Ten different types of herbal supplements were identified, with stinging nettle (Urtica dioicath), black elderberry (Sambucus nigra), and Spirulina being the most common (12.6%, 6.1%, and 5.7%, resp.). Conclusion. This study found a high prevalence of herbal treatment usage for the relief of allergic rhinitis symptoms in Turkey. The herbal products identified in this study and in the literature are discussed.

Background The effects of desloratadine-montelukast combination on quality of life (QoL) and nasal airflow of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) has not been reported. The objective of this work was investigate the efficacy of desloratadine-montelukast combination on nasal obstruction and health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients with PAR. Methods The patients with PAR (n = 40) were assessed using acoustic rhinometry (AcR) and Rhinoconjunctivitis QoL Questionnaire (RQLQ) before therapy. Desloratadine-montelukast fixed-dose combination treatment was applied to every patient once daily. The AcR and RQLQ score were reevaluated at the first and third months; and statistical comparison of pretreatment and posttreatment results was performed. Results Nasal symptoms and signs such as itching, sneezing, discharge, congestion, and edema, and color change of turbinates have been decreased after treatment. In AcR, minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) measurements and volume results were increased after the treatment. Correlation was found between the volume results and nasal discharge and/or congestion in right nasal passages. In left nasal passages, statistical relation was observed between the MCA and itching and/or change of turbinate color (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in the overall RQLQ score was determined at the first and third months of therapy. The difference between scores at baseline and end of the first and third months for all domains was statically significant (p < 0.001). The treatment difference in change from the first month to the end of the third month was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion Desloratadine-montelukast combination therapy causes subjective and objective decrease in nasal obstruction, reduces the other symptoms of PAR and improves the disease-specific QoL.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de Kulak Burun Boğaz uzmanı hekimler ile Kulak Burun Boğaz hastalıklarında asistanlık eğitimi alan hekimlerin bilgi edinebilme çabalarını ve kanıta dayalı becerilerini kazanma isteklerini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Ekim 2010’da Türk Ulusal Kulak Burun Boğaz kongresine katılan 740 KBB hekimine kesitsel bir anket uygulandı. Beş yüz kırk üç tamamlanmış anket değerlendirmeye alınarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bu anket hekimlerin akademik olarak Kulak Burun Boğaz toplantılarından beklentilerini içeren dört sorudan oluşuyordu. Bu dört soru için birden beşe kadar olan ‘değer tespiti’ puanlama sistemi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Bilgiye hakim olma istekliliği ile meslekte yıl deneyimi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir korelasyon saptandı. “Toplantılardan size en yararlı geleceğine inandıklarınız hangileridir?” sorusuna verilen cevaplar incelendiğinde canlı interaktif cerrahi seyretmek ya da tek konulu sempozyuma katılmak yerine, yurt dışında ameliyat izlemek ve kurslara katılmak, “Hangi toplantıya ya da uygulamalı kursa katılmak cazip geliyor?” sorusuna da yine canlı cerrahi izlenebilen toplantı yerine, “Öncelikle kadavra diseksiyon kurslarına katılmak” cevapları alındı. Sonuç: Çalışma sonucumuz, ülkemizde çalışan KBB hekimlerinin eğitim amaçlı spesifik interaktif bilginin sadece toplantılardan elde edilmesinden çok; kadavralardan elde edilen kanıta dayalı pratikle olacağına inandığını ve çoğunluğunun bilgi ve becerilerini arttırmaya istekli olduğunu göstermektedir. Makalemizin sonuçları KBB uzmanlarının eğitim sürecinde dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalara ışık tutmaktadır., Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the current information-seeking behaviors of ENT physicians and ENT trainees in Turkey and their willingness to learn and acquire evidence-based practice skills. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out by distribution of a questionnaire to 740 otolaryngologists employed in Turkey who attended a national otolaryngology meeting in October 2010. Five-hundred forty-three completed questionnaires were gathered. The questionnaire was created as four questions including expectations from academical meetings valuation scoring from one to five points was used to evaluate these four questions in the questionnaire. Results: There was a statistical correlation between the number of years of experience and willingness to acquire information mastery skills. When the responses to the question “Which meetings do you believe that you will benefit mostly?” were analyzed, they preferred to watch surgical operations in international workshops or participate in courses abroad, instead of attending interactive surgical operations or symposiums on a single topic. Based on the responses to the question ‘Which meetings or applied courses do you find attractive to participate?” they preferred to attend “courses of cadaver dissection” in lieu of live-interactive surgical operations. Conclusion: Most otolaryngologists in Turkey not only believed that it is essential to acquire specific interactive information from the meetings, but also they were convinced that effective education depends on evidence-based practice with cadavers. Most were willing to increase these information and skills. Results of our article shed light on the points to be considered in educational process of ENT specialists.

WOS: 000373127800007, PubMed: 26841706, Objective: To investigate nasal mucociliary clearance in patients with Behcet's disease. Methods: Thirty patients with Behcet's disease, diagnosed on the basis of criteria defined by the International Study Group for Behcet's Disease, and 30 healthy individuals were recruited. In both groups, individuals with conditions that could affect nasal mucociliary clearance were excluded. Nasal mucociliary clearance time was evaluated using saccharin tests. The time between placement of a saccharin tablet and the tasting of the saccharin was measured and recorded as the saccharin clearance time. Results: The mean nasal mucociliary clearance time was significantly longer in the Behcet's disease patients than in the control subjects (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between Behcet's disease duration and nasal mucociliary clearance time (p < 0.001, r = 0.882). Conclusion: The results suggest that nasal mucociliary clearance time is longer in Behcet's disease patients than in control subjects, and is positively correlated with disease duration.

Aim: To rotate the nasal axis and septum to the midline using an Lstrut graft and a novel caudal septal stabilization suturing technique to treat crooked noses. Patients and Methods: Thirty-six patients were included in the study. First, an L-strut graft was prepared by excising the deviated cartilage site in all patients. Second, multiple stabilization suturing, which we describe as a caudal septal stabilization suturing technique with a "fishing net"-like appearance, was applied between the anterior nasal spine and caudal septum in all patients. This new surgical technique, used to rotate the caudal septum, was applied to 22 I-type and 14 C-type crooked noses. Correction rates for the crooked noses were compared between the 2 inclination types with angular estimations. Results: Deviation angles were measured using the AutoCAD 2012 software package and frontal (anterior) views, with the Frankfurt horizontal line parallel to the ground. Nasal axis angles showing angle improvement graded 4 categories as excellent, good, acceptable, and unsuccessful for evaluations at 6 months after surgery in the study. The success rate in the C-type nasal inclination was 86.7% (±21.9) and 88% (±16.7) in the I-type. The overall success rate of L-strut grafting and caudal septal stabilization suturing in crooked nose surgeries was 87.5% (±18.6). "Unsuccessful" results were not reported in any of the patients. Conclusions: L-strut grafting and caudal septal stabilization suturing techniques are efficacious in crooked noses according to objective measurement analysis results. However, a longer followup duration in a larger patient population is needed. Copyright © 2016 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.

The importance and effectiveness of prevention efforts and strategies for skin cancers are reviewed. Topical sunscreens and their proper use are presented. Topical and ingested forms of natural, synthetic, or biologic chemical agents that are potentially efficacious for chemoprevention are listtdldted and discussed.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Hormonal changes can affect hearing loss and inner ear functions. We evaluated hearing loss with audiometric tests in young patients with PCOS. Methods: Twenty-six women having PCOS and 25 normal individuals were enrolled in the study. Age ranges for PCOS and control groups were 20-35 years. Hormonal and biochemical values including LH, LH/FSH, E2, testosterone, fasting glucose and fasting insulin were calculated. Each subject was tested with low- (250-2000. Hz) and high-frequency audiometry (4000-8000. Hz). For each set of tests, mean values of air conduction at each frequency were measured for the PCOS and control groups and compared. Results: No difference was observed in speech frequencies on audiologic tests between the groups, however high-frequency hearing loss were significantly higher (. p

The earth is warming, and it is warming quickly. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that global warming is correlated with the frequency of pollen-induced respiratory allergy and allergic diseases. There is a body of evidence suggesting that the prevalence of allergic diseases induced by pollens is increasing in developed countries, a trend that is also evident in the Mediterranean area. Because of its mild winters and sunny days with dry summers, the Mediterranean area is different from the areas of central and northern Europe. Classical examples of allergenic pollen-producing plants of the Mediterranean climate include Parietaria, Olea and Cupressaceae. Asia Minor is a Mediterranean region that connects Asia and Europe, and it includes considerable coastal areas. Gramineae pollens are the major cause of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Asia Minor, affecting 1.3-6.4 % of the population, in accordance with other European regions. This article emphasizes the importance of global climate change and anticipated increases in the prevalence and severity of allergic disease in Asia Minor, mediated through worsening air pollution and altered local and regional pollen production, from an otolaryngologic perspective.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the audiologic status and severity of hearing loss in different frequencies between the premenopausal and postmenopausal period in women. Materials and Methods: This prospective study involved 28 premenopausal and 27 postmenopausal women. Premenopausal and postmenopausal women were younger than 46 years. Age range for premenopausal and menopause patients was 37 to 46 years. The mean age of menopause women with sensorineural hearing loss in our study was not suitable for the age range of presbyacousis that is commonly seen. Each subject was tested with low- (250-2000 Hz) and high-frequency (4000-8000 Hz) audiometry. For each set of tests, mean values of air conduction at each frequency were calculated for the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups and compared. Results: The mean ages of the women on premenopausal and postmenopausal groups were 42.0 ± 2.4 and 43.4 ± 2.6 years, respectively. Duration of menopausal period in second group was 2.03 ± 0.85 years. The corresponding mean body mass indexes were 29.7 ± 2.9 and 31.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2. There was no statistical significance between the 2 groups in mean ages and mean body mass indexes. Hearing thresholds at low and high frequencies were analyzed between the 2 groups in Table 2. At low (250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) and high frequencies (4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz), the mean air-conduction threshold values between the 2 groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Estrogen deficiency may not elevate hearing thresholds in early postmenopausal period; however, further studies of larger series are needed to confirm this. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows us to evaluate 3-dimensional (3D) morphology of the maxillofacial skeleton and also used in dentomaxillofacial imaging to solve complex diagnostic and treatment planning problems such as craniofacial fractures, temporamandibular dysfunctions or sinus imaging. CBCT uses a rectangular or round 2D detector, which allows a single rotation of the gantry to generate a scan of the entire region of interest. Technological and application-specific factors such as development of compact, relatively low-cost, high-quality, large, flat-panel detector arrays; the availability of low-cost computers with processing power sufficient for cone beam image reconstruction; the fabrication of highly efficient radiograph tubes capable of multiple exposures necessary for cone beam scanning at prices lower than those currently used for fan beam CT; and limited volume scanning (e.g., head and neck) eliminating the need for subsecond gantry rotation speeds make this possible. The objective of this study is to review published evidence for CBCT having an important role in ORL treatments. We aimed to review all the available literature about the CBCT imagination in ORL treatments. Systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Ovid. Additional literature was retrieved from reference lists in the articles. Systematic analysis of the literature from 1998 to 2010 was performed. A total of 40 abstracts were evaluated independently by two members of the project group, and 38 articles were included in the review.

Aim: To investigate the possible differences in cochleotoxic effects in rabbits between twice-daily administration of topical gentamicin and tobramycin throughout the perforated tympanic membrane with the use of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Materials and methods: Twenty female rabbits were studied prospectively daily for 21 days. The rabbits' ears were divided into two groups: right and left ear groups. Twice-daily for 21 days after paracentesis, 0.3% gentamicin was administered topically in the left ears, and 0.3% tobramycin was administered topically in the right ears. For 21 days, the cochlear activity of the right and left ears of all rabbits was examined every 7 days using DPOAEs. The numerical values of the distortion product (DP) intensity recorded on days 7, 14 and 21 of drug administration were compared between the two groups. Results: Cochlear activity was reduced earlier in the gentamicin group in the 2-4. kHz frequencies compared to the tobramycin group in the second DPOAE measurement (day 7 of the experiment). In two rabbits in the gentamicin group, the third DPOAE measurement showed that cochlear activity was reduced in all frequencies. In six rabbits in the tobramycin group, the third DPOAE measurement showed that cochlear activity was reduced in all frequencies. There was no statistical significance between the two groups except day 7 in the 2 and 3. kHz frequencies (p

Aim: To investigate the risk of cardiovascular disease by measuring carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and to evaluate the diameters and blood flow volume of vertebral arteries using Doppler ultrasound and the possible contribution of hyperandrogenemia that exists in these patients. Material and Methods: We prospectively studied 64 Caucasian women aged 18–35 years (31 with polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] and 33 healthy controls). Patients were classified according to body mass index into obese (BMI > 27 kg/m2). All subjects were examined with ultrasound to measure CIMT and blood flow volume and diameters of vertebral arteries. Results: A significant difference between the two groups in CIMT (0.51 ± 0.08 vs 0.39 ± 0.02 mm, P

Aim: To investigate the effects of Angeliq on hormonal, metabolic, biochemical and cardiovascular profile, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and vertigo/dizziness symptoms in postmenopausal women. Methods: Angeliq is a drug used for hormone replacement therapy that composed of drospirenone 2 mg and estradiol 1 mg. Thirty-two postmenopausal women were recruited for the study. All women were evaluated using personal interview, medical examination and carotid artery ultrasound. They were questioned specifically about vertigo/dizziness experienced. Participants were randomly submitted to oral daily treatment with Angeliq. The duration of the study was 6 months and the participants were studied in basal condition and after 6 months of the therapy. Results: Follicle-stimulating hormone was significantly higher and estradiol was significantly lower in before therapy (BT) than in after therapy (AT) (p < 0.001). No differences in fasting glucose, CRP and WBC values, and lipid-lipoprotein profile were detected between the groups. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were also significantly higher in BT than in AT (p < 0.05). A significant (p < 0.001) difference in CIMT (0.51 ± 0.04 vs. 0.49 ± 0.03 mm) was found between BT and AT. Seven of 32 patients (22%) had vertigo/dizziness symptoms before treatment. After 6 months, none of the patients showed complaints of vertigo/dizziness. Conclusions: Oral daily treatment with Angeliq reduces CIMT and climacteric complaints including vertigo/dizziness in postmenopausal women. They may relate to anti-androgenic and anti-mineralocorticoid effects of Angeliq, respectively. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

The objective of our study was to evaluate in a prospective noncomparative case series, the clinical efficacy and the results of modified T-tube insertion instead of silicone tube in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR). Following ophthalmologic examinations, 22 patients (16 female, 6 male) suffering from recurrent chronic epiphora with postsaccal stenosis for whom DCR was indicated, underwent EDCR at Dumlupinar University Hospital by an otorhinolaryngologist and an ophthalmologist between the years 2006 and 2007. Instead of inserting a classic silicone tube passed through canaliculi and knotted inside the nose, a modified T-tube was used, without passing it through punctum, and was placed to stoma with a less traumatic endonasal endoscopic technique. The medial wall of the sac was incised vertically and the T-tube was placed horizontal to the incision. Postoperatively, the patients were evaluated by endoscopic controls in the first, third, sixth, and twelfth months to evaluate T-tube localization and rhinostomy opening site. The success was defined as resolution of epiphora with patent ostium after evaluation by irrigation and nasal endoscopy. Eighteen patients (82%) showed complete resolution of epiphora at 12-months of follow-up. Re-stenosis was observed only in four cases, one in the sixth and the other in the ninth postoperative months. Granulation tissue formation near the rhinostomy site was seen in one patient, which did not cause any functional problem. The success rate was calculated as 82%. We conclude that modified T-tube placement in EDCR seems to be a practical and less traumatic technique. This is also a cheaper method besides being less traumatic and easier to perform than canalicular stenting. It can be considered as a useful alternative to the classic silicon tubes in cases of epiphora resulting from the postsaccal stenosis. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.

The authors aimed to evaluate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea in children as a result of adenoid and/or adenotonsillar hypertrophy on maternal psychologic status. The study sample comprised the mothers of 66 children aged 3 to 15 years (mean age: 7.552.94 years) who were scheduled to undergo curette adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy because of airway obstruction. The mothers completed the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 20-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-1 (STAI-1), and 20-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-2 (STAI-2) questionnaires before the operation and 10 days afterwards. Mothers who were under psychiatric treatment or declined to fill the questionnaires were excluded from the study. The results obtained postoperatively by day 10, when all the children had considerable improvement in their breathing, were analyzed as control data. The mean postoperative HAD-A and HAD-D scores of the mothers were significantly lower than the mean preoperative scores (P