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Interband cascade light-emitting diodes (ICLEDs) offer attractive advantages for infrared applications, which would greatly expand if high-quality growth on silicon substrates could be achieved. This work describes the formation of threading dislocations in ICLEDs grown monolithically on GaSb-on-Silicon wafers. The epitaxial growth is done in two stages: the GaSb-on-Silicon buffer is grown first, followed by the ICLED growth. The buffer growth involves the nucleation of a 10-nm-thick AlSb buffer layer on the silicon surface, followed by the GaSb growth. The AlSb nucleation layer promotes the formation of 90° and 60° interfacial misfit dislocations, resulting in a highly planar morphology for subsequent GaSb growth that is almost 100% relaxed. The resulting GaSb buffer for growth of the ICLED has a threading dislocation density of ∼107/cm2 after ∼3 μm of growth. The fabricated LEDs showed variations in device performance, with some devices demonstrating comparable light–current–voltage curves to those for devices grown on GaSb substrates, while other devices showed somewhat reduced relative performance. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observations of the inferior diodes indicated that the multiplication of threading dislocations in the active region had most likely caused the increased leakage current and lower output power. Enhanced defect filter layers on the GaSb/Si substrates should provide more consistent diode performance and a viable future growth approach for antimonide-based ICLEDs and other infrared devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the growth of highly relaxed In0.53Ga0.47Sb buffers on In0.53Ga0.47As/InP by inducing a periodic array of interfacial misfit dislocation arrays at the In0.53Ga0.47Sb/ In0.53Ga0.47As interface. The periodic 90° misfit dislocation array is realized through As for Sb anion exchange while keeping the group III sublattice the same. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show the presence of misfit dislocations with a periodicity of 6.16 nm, which corresponds to 14 In0.53Ga0.47Sb lattice sites or 15 In0.53Ga0.47As lattice sites. The In0.53Ga0.47Sb epilayer, however, is affected by phase segregation as evidenced by both TEM and Nomarski optical phase microscopy. The x ray based reciprocal space mapping indicates relaxation to be 99.5% for the In0.53Ga0.47Sb epilayer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Predisposing factors of Peyronie’s disease remain controversial. We know that obesity has extremely negative effects on erectile tissue. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to examine the relationship between Peyronie’s disease and the body shape index (ABSI), which is a new parameter for the evaluation of visceral adiposity. Materials and Methods: In this study, 55 healthy volunteers (group-1) and 50 Peyronie’s disease patients (group-2). Age, comorbidities, waist circumference (WC), height, body mass index (BMI), testosterone, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and ABSI scores of all patients were analyzed. In addition, plaque sizes, duration of symptoms, and curvature degrees of patients in group 2 were calculated. Results: The mean ages of group 1 and group 2 were 57.02±8.34 years and 56.02±10.65 years, respectively (p>0.05). Fasting glucose, WC, BMI, and ABSI values were significantly higher in group 2 (p=0.031, p0.05). The IIEF score was observed to be lower in group 2 (p

Objective: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a benign inflammatory breast disease of unknown etiology that affects women in their reproductive period. The most commonly preferred option as first-line treatment is steroids, but the lack of a standard treatment protocol and high recurrence rate after treatment constitutes a recurring challenge during its management. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the decision to end the treatment should be made radiologically or clinically. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included IGM patients who had complete clinical recovery with steroids and were followed for a minimum of 30 months. Patient demographics, disease severity and findings, treatment regimens and duration, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings at clinical recovery were assessed for their relation to recurrence. Results: Eighty-nine patients who were clinically completely healed after steroid treatment for IGM were included in the study. At the time of clinical healing, 51 (57.3%) patients had a complete radiological response and 38 (42.7%) had a partial radiological response (PRR) on MRI. Overall, recurrence developed in 22 (24.7%) patients after a median 38.6-month follow-up. Patients who experienced recurrence were significantly older and had PRR when their treatment was stopped upon clinical healing. Conclusion: During the process of clinical healing, the imaging findings revealed that the remaining disease seems to be a significant predictor for recurrence in IGM patients. In patients with PRR, extending the treatment with either prolonged steroid therapy or by surgical excision of the occult residual disease may prevent recurrences in IGM patients.

Globalization has led to the hybridization of culture, becoming an increasingly interesting research topic. This is a reflection of the cultural changes in modern society. Globalization allows for and also causes interaction between cultures worldwide. Consequently, different cultures interact with each other, resulting in a hybrid culture. The process of globalization has been accelerated by advancements in communication, transportation, and technology on a global scale. This has increased mutual interaction between cultures worldwide, accelerating cultural hybridization. This article will discuss the reasons and consequences of globalization and cultural hybridization, as well as their impact on cultures.

Simsarlık sözleşmesi ile simsar, bir sözleşme kurulmasına yönelik olarak aracılık faaliyetinde bulunmayı üstlenir. Müvekkil, simsar tarafından gerçekleştirilen aracılık faaliyetleri sayesinde bir sözleşme kurarsa, simsar ücrete hak kazanır. Bu bakımdan simsarın ücrete hak kazanabilmesi için aracılık faaliyetinde bulunmuş olması yeterli değildir. Simsara ödenen ücret, simsarın harcadığı zamanın veya gösterdiği emeğin değil, başarılı sonucun karşılığıdır. Kurulan sözleşme, müvekkilin aradığı şartlara uygun olmalıdır. Ücret simsarlık sözleşmesinin zorunlu unsurudur. Simsarlık sözleşmesi, vekâlet sözleşmesinin her zaman ücretli yapılan bir alt türüdür. Bir sözleşmenin kurulması amacıyla gerçekleştirilen aracılık faaliyetlerinin, ücret karşılığında yapılması kararlaştırılmamışsa simsarlık sözleşmesinin değil, vekâlet sözleşmesinin varlığından bahsedilir. Simsarlık sözleşmesinde ücret miktarının kararlaştırılmış olması ise zorunlu değildir.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Modified Darn Repair (MDR) method performed in our clinic for Inguinal Hernia Repair (IHR) and to determine the postoperative complications and recurrence rates of this method. Material and methods: The records of all patients who underwent IHR with MDR method in our clinic between January 2012 and December 2021 were obtained from the hospital database. Demographic characteristics of the patients, intraoperative findings, hospitalization and return to normal activities, postoperative complications and recurrence rates were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 892 patients aged between 18 and 85 with a male:female ratio of 14:1 were studied. Of 1011 elective IHRs, 773 were unilateral (right/left: 452/321) and 119 (119 right + 119 left) were bilateral. Hernia types were 667 (66%) indirect, 273 (27%) direct, 71(7%) pantaloon (combined) hernias. All procedures were performed under spinal anesthesia. The mean duration of surgery was 35 (15-75) minutes, hospital stay was 1.1 (1-3) days, and return to normal activities was 12.8 (10-20) days. The postoperative complications were wound infection in 33 (3.26%) patients, hematoma in 11 (1.09%) patients, and abscess/seroma in 15 (1.48%) patients. In addition, suture material reaction developed in 1 (0,12%) patient. Recurrence was observed in 25 (2.4%) patients and no mortality was observed in any patient. Conclusion: The goal of every surgeon is to have a non-recurring repair in IHR without leaving a foreign body in the patient. Despite the criticism, we believe that the MDR technique is a safe, effective and viable option.

PT. Aneka Jasa Grhadika merupakan perusahaan yang menerapkan sistem produksi Make to Order (MTO), Assembly to Order (ATO), dan Engineer to Order (ETO). Dalam memproduksi produknya sangat mempertahankan kualitas dalam memberikan kepercayaan dan kepuasaan kepada customer. Hal ini didukung dengan ketersediaan ISO 9001:2015 yang berkaitan dengan quality management system. PT. AJG juga merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang Engineering, Procurement, dan Contruction (EPC). Pada proses pengadaan seringkali terjadi ketidaksesuaian antara material kapur yang diterima dengan standar spesifikasi yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan. Hal tersebut dijadikan topik pembahasan oleh peneliti dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan ketidaksesuaian material kapur dan pengendalian kualitas yang tepat. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode Statistical Quality Control (SQC) dan Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA). Hasil penelitian diperoleh temuan bahwa material kapur berada di luar batas kendali, dan faktor penyebab ketidaksesuaian material kapur meliputi faktor mesin, manusia, metode, pengukuran, dan lingkungan. Usulan tindakan perbaikan yang direkomendasikan yakni melakukan penjadwalan maintenance mesin, memberikan penugasan sertifikasi keahlian kepada karyawan, melakukan identifikasi terkait supplier dengan kriteria pelayanan terbaik, menstruktur metode penerimaan material kapur, melakukan mediasi dengan pihak rekanan terkait kondisi aktual kualitas material kapur, dan melakukan uji sampling terkait area yang akan diambil material kapur secara periodik.

Tarihsel süreç göz önüne alındığında sosyolojik sınıflamalar bizleri geleneksel ve modern şeklinde bir ayrıma götürmektedir. Bu ayrım bir önceki dönemin diğerinden kopuşundan ziyade bir değişimi ve dönüşümü ifade etmektedir. Sosyolojik açıdan postmodernizm, modern çağın bir parçasıdır. Dolayısıyla ona bir çağ ya da yeni bir dönem demek oldukça güçtür. Posttruth “hakikatin değersizleşmesi” ise modern çağın kendisini yeniden konumlandırdığı bir durum olarak nitelendirilebilir. Bu durum gerek sosyolojik aracılarla gerekse çeşitli coğrafi ve tarihsel ögeler kullanılarak çeşitli şekillerle empoze edilmektedir. Toplumun kültürü, normları, değer sistemi ve hayatı anlamlandırma biçimi bu süreçte oldukça önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Tüketim ise insanın en tabi yönü ve en doğal olgusudur. Keza günlük sıradan hareketler ile insan hayatının varlığı ve devamı doğrudan tüketimle alakalıdır. Sosyolojik bağlamda iptidai olarak değerlendirilen toplumlarda dahi tüketim olgusunu görmek mümkündür. Tüketim ideologları doğal olarak bu tarihsel değişim ve dönüşümden kendine pay çıkarmış ve kendilerini yeniden konumlandırmışlardır. Bu değişim sürecinin yansıması olarak, günümüzde bireyler nesnelere sadece tüketim amaçlı değil haz, gösteriş ve statü kazanımı olarak bakabilmektedirler. Zygmunt Bauman ve Jean Baudrillard tüketimin bu yönü üzerine etraflıca düşünmüş ve tüketimin doğasına dair önemli tenkitlerde bulunmuşlardır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı tüketimin dönemsel değişimi ışığında posttruth duruma açıklık getirmek ve posttruth durumun tüketimle alakalı saiklerini Baudrillard ve Bauman’ın fikirleri üzerinden değerlendirmektir. Böylelikle çağdaş sosyoloji edebiyatında görece yeni bir kavram olan posttruth yeniden irdelenecek ve iki önemli sosyoloğun fikirleri bu alanda da yeni bir etki alanına kavuşacaktır. Bu çalışma ayrıca bir taraftan posttruthu daha iyi anlamamızı sağlarken diğer taraftan hem Bauman hem de Baudrillard hakkında yapılacak yeni çalışmalara kaynaklık edecektir.

Tarihi yapılarda geleneksel yapı malzemesi olarak taş, tuğla türü malzemeler kullanılmıştır. Bu malzemelerin harç ile birleştirilmesiyle yığma duvarlar inşa edilmiştir. Yığma yapı birimlerinin çekme dayanımı oldukça düşüktür. Yığma yapıların kayma gerilmelerine karşı dayanım sağlaması ve yapı sisteminin birlikte hareket etmesi istenmektedir. Tarihi yapı duvarlarının, birleşim ve kesişim bölgelerinde elemanların birbirine kenetlenerek bütünleşmesini sağlamak gerekmektedir. Geçmişte tarihi yapıların bu bütünlüğünü koruyabilmek amacıyla çeşitli metal bağlantı elemanları kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlantı elemanları olarak kenetler ve zıvanalar ön plana çıkmıştır. Yapılan deneysel çalışmada, genişlikleri farklı olan kenet elemanların yığma taş blokların kayma dayanımına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla farklı kenet genişliklerde 18 adet deney numunesi üretilerek kayma dayanım testine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar grafikler ve tablolar ile karşılaştırılmalı olarak sunulmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile kenet genişlikleri farklı olan numunelerin, kırılma yüklerine ve kayma dayanımlarına göre değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır.

Background: Hepcidin concentrations measured by various methods differ considerably, complicating interpretation. Here, a previously identified plasma-based candidate secondary reference material (csRM) was modified into a serum-based two-leveled sRM. We validated its functionality to increase the equivalence between methods for international standardization. Methods: We applied technical procedures developed by the International Consortium for Harmonization of Clinical Laboratory Results. The sRM, consisting of lyophilized serum with cryolyoprotectant, appeared commutable among nine different measurement procedures using 16 native human serum samples in a first round robin (RR1). Harmonization potential of the sRM was simulated in RR1 and evaluated in practice in RR2 among 11 measurement procedures using three native human plasma samples. Comprehensive purity analysis of a candidate primary RM (cpRM) was performed by state of the art procedures. The sRM was value assigned with an isotope dilution mass spectrometry-based candidate reference method calibrated using the certified pRM. Results: The inter-assay CV without harmonization was 42.1% and 52.8% in RR1 and RR2, respectively. In RR1, simulation of harmonization with sRM resulted in an inter-assay CV of 11.0%, whereas in RR2 calibration with the material resulted in an inter-assay CV of 19.1%. Both the sRM and pRM passed international homogeneity criteria and showed long-term stability. We assigned values to the low (0.95±0.11 nmol/L) and middle concentration (3.75±0.17 nmol/L) calibrators of the sRM. Conclusions: Standardization of hepcidin is possible with our sRM, which value is assigned by a pRM. We propose the implementation of this material as an international calibrator for hepcidin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Günümüzde hızlı değişimin yarattığı belirsizlik ilk önce üretim sistemlerinde etkisini göstermiştir. Seri ve yalın üretim yapan örgütlerin, yaşanan bu hızlı değişime cevap vermekte gecikmeleri onları dezavanatjlı bir hale sokmuştur. Günümüzde öngörülemeyen değişimler, iş ortamında eşi benzeri görülmemiş tehditler ve belirsizlik ortamında örgütlerin klasik yöntemlerle bu sorunlarla başa çıkması oldukça zorlaşmıştır. Bu nedenlerden dolayı ortaya çıkan örgütsel çeviklik konusu örgütlerin hayatta kalması açısından çok önemlidir. Özellikle liderin etkisinin yadsınamayacağı örgütsel çevikliğin etkin olabilmesi için örgütsel iletişimin de güçlü olması gerektiği açıktır. Çalışmada örgütsel çeviklik ile stratejik liderlik arasındaki ilişkide örgütsel iletişimin aracı etkisi araştırılmıştır. Kırşehir ilinde faaliyet gösteren farklı özel sektörlerden 482 çalışan ile anket yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre stratjik liderlik ile örgütsel çeviklik arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda örgütsel iletişimin de stratejik liderlik ile örgütsel çeviklik arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiği bulunmuştur.

Peran intermediasi sosial perbankan syariah yang telah berlangsung banyak dikritik dikarenakan belum mampu bergerak pada hakikat perbankan syariah sebenarnya, sehingga pada akhirnya kehadiran perbankan syariah dinisbatkan tidak jauh berbeda dengan perbankan konvensional yang telah lama, karena kehadirannya belum menjawab permasalahan bangsa secara fundamental. Terbatasnya pemahaman dan sosialisasi terhadap masyarakat tentang produk dan system perbankan syariah di Indonesia menjadikan perbankan syariah tidak berkembang sebagaimana halnya bank konvensional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada BNI Syariah KCP Antasari yaitu Pembiyaan mikro BNI Syariah adalah satu peran intermediasi sosial yang diberikan kepada masyarakat. BNI Syariah memberikan pinjaman modal untuk masyarakat untuk perkembangan usaha mikro dan menengah di sekitar Bandar lampung. Serta memberikan pendampingan dan pembinaan dengan memberikan pengarahan-pengarahan kepada nasabah dalam pengembangan usaha yang dimiliki agar dapat berkembang menjadi lebih baik. Dan prosedur pembiayaan mikro melalui tahapan-tahapan seperti: tahap aplikasi pembiayaan, tahap pengumpulan data, tahapan alias pembiayaan, tahap persetujuan pembiayaan, tahap pengikatan, tahap pencairan, dan tahap monitoring.

ABSTRAK Eksternalitas adalah dampak tindakan seseorang atau suatu pihak terhadap kesejahteraan atau kondisi orang/pihak lain. Jika dampaknya merugikan, maka hal itu disebut eksternalitas negativ. Sebaliknya, jika dampaknya menguntungkan disebut eksternalitas positif. Keberadaan perusahaan peternakan ayam mas yang begitu dekat dengan rumah warga, membuat masyarakat sering mengeluhkan dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan. Namun, masyarakat juga merasakan dampak positif dengan adanya perusahaan peternakan ayam mas. Rumusan masalah dari skripsi ini adalah (1). Bagaimana eksternalitas dari keberadaan Perusahaan Peternakan Ayam Mas di Desa Karang Sari. (2). Bagaimana eksternalitas dari keberadaan Perusahaan Peternakan Ayam Mas tehadap pendapatan masyarakat di Desa Karang Sari. (3). Bagaimana eksternalitas dari keberadaan Perusahaan Peternakan Ayam Mas tehadap pendapatan masyarakat di Desa Karang Sari dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam. Sedangkan tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1).Untuk menggambarkan eksternalitas dari keberadaan Perusahaan Peternakan Ayam Mas di Desa Karang Sari. (2).Untuk menggambarkan eksternalitas dari keberadaan Perusahaan Peternakan Ayam Mas tehadap pendapatan masyarakat di Desa Karang Sari. (3). Untuk menggambarkan eksternalitas dari keberadaan Perusahaan Peternakan Ayam Mas tehadap pendapatan masyarakat di Desa Karang Sari dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif, data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder, data primer di dapat dari wawancara dengan karyawan dan masyarakat sekitar perusahaan, alat analisis yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan berfikir deduktif. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di lapangan, Perusahaan Peternakan Ayam Mas menimbulkan eksternalitas positif dan negatif yaitu penyerapan tenaga kerja, munculnya usaha-usaha baru, pencemaran lingkunga, dan tingkat kesehatan masyarakat menurun. Eksternalitas yang ditimbulkan perusahaan peternakan ayam mas berdampak pada peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat sekitar. Sebelum adanya perusahaan peternakan ayam mas, rata-rata tingkat pendapatan masyarakat berada pada tingkat rendah

Composite materials are becoming increasingly more valuable due to their high specific strength and stiffness. Currently, most components are operated for a number of service cycles and then replaced regardless of their actual condition. Embedded fiber Bragg gratings are under investigation for monitoring these components in real time and estimating their remaining life. This article presents research conducted on a novel technique for prediction of the remaining life of composites under fatigue loading using embedded fiber Bragg grating sensors. A prediction is made of the remaining life at every cycle based on data collected from the sensors and the previous loading history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic activities such as mining and agricultural practices may alter plant community structure and functioning. Grime’s Competitors–Stress–Ruderal (CSR) strategy can be used to detect plant community transformations caused by environmental changes. We examined the effects of mining and quarrying activities on CSR strategies, species diversity, functional composition (community-weighted mean – CWM), and functional diversity (Rao’s and Mason’s indexes) of plant species from nearby an active Cu-Pb-Zn mine site and an agricultural site away from the mine.We determined the ecological strategies of 34 species using 13 functional traits. We found that ruderal strategy (e.g., high R-scores) was dominant in the agricultural site, whereas stress-tolerant species (e.g., high S-scores) were abundant in the mine site according to “StrateFy” that is a globally calibrated CSR analysis tool. Community-weighted mean (CWM) trait values were greater in the agricultural site where has relatively higher soil fertility than in the stressful mine site (e.g., low pH and heavy metal stress). Although species diversity was higher in the mine site, functional diversity in the agricultural site was slightly higher than that in the mine site as indicated by greater Rao’s and Mason’s index values.Our findings suggest that the effect of anthropogenic activities might be detected using CSR strategies both at species and community levels. Mining activities may favor stress-tolerant species, whereas agricultural practices (e.g., fertilization and mowing disturbance) may favor ruderal species in accordance with the CSR theory predictions. “StrateFy” CSR analysis tool can help us to quickly track shifts in ecological strategies of plants in response to changes in the environment and land-use. Therefore, CSR strategies can be used as bioindicators of anthropogenic activities. Moreover, under increasing abiotic stress, functional diversity of plant communities may decrease which can have crucial effects on community-level responses and eventually ecosystem functioning and services.

Çok toplumlu devletlerin nitelikli bir ortak yaşamın koşullarını oluşturmak maksatlı siyasal ve yasal değişiklikleri kamu yönetimi ve hizmetleri alanında da tedavüle sokma yönündeki çabaları, demokratik bir siyasal alanın çoğulcu ve katılımcı demokrasi eksenli bir kamu reformuyla da desteklenmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koyduğu gibi buradaki deneyimler, benzer sıkıntılarla malul devletler açısından da oldukça kıymetli faydaları haizdir. Bu çalışma, İsviçre, İspanya, Kanada ve Malezya’da federal kamu yönetimi, kamu siyaseti ve bürokratik temsil gibi meselelerin müşterek yaşamı inşa etmede oynadıkları roldeki ülkeden ülkeye değişiklik gösteren farklılıkların, iki ya da daha çok unsurun yapılandırılmasındaki sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik farkların biçimlendirdiği siyasal topluluğun temsil ve müşterek kamu iştiraki konvansiyonlarının, her ülkenin politika oluşturma sürecine nasıl aktarıldığında düğümlendiğini gözlemlemiştir.

INTRODUCTION: In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) surgery in the treatment of incontinence especially due to sphincter incompetence after prostate surgery,retrospectively according to surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. METHODS: In our clinic the data of patients who underwent AUS surgery between 2009 and 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. In order to evaluate the incontinence status of the patients before and after the operation, the success rate of AUS surgery and patients satisfaction after AUS surgery, the ICIQ-SF (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form), which is a questionnaire for urinary incontinence evaluation before and after the operation, was filled. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 67.92 +- 24.08 years and the mean follow-up period was 66.38 +- 11.17 months. Daily amount of pad usage and ICIQ-SF score were 4.23 +- 1.49 and 16.84 +- 4.64 in the preoperative period and 1.33 +- 1.01 and 2.91 +- 0.64 in the postoperative period respectively. When these results were compared, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of both the consumption of pads and the ICIQ-SF score (p

Indonesia is a country that has diverse cultures and religions, so zakah and tax are two things that cannot be released. Both of them have different meanings and treatments, where zakah is only charged to Muslims and the tax are imposed on all Indonesian citizens whose income above an average. This paper aims to determine the similarities and differences of the concept of zakah and tax, the opinion of scholars about them, and the last is to know about the effective zakah management of with the adoption of some concept of tax management. In this study, used data collection techniques in the form of library research. The research findings show that the similarity between the concept of zakah and the tax is as follows; both of them have the element of coercion and management. The difference both of the are as follows; in terms of name, legal basis and nature of its obligations, as well as from the object, percentage, and utilization. The concept of tax which can be applied in order to obtain an effective zakah management are as follows: first, giving sanction to the zakah manager and negligence muzakki. Second, an improvement of zakah administration system consisting of function, system and institution. Third, the existence of zakah information system. Fourth, the formation of zakah directorate as well as the formation of tax directorate, And the latter developing an independent institution that acts as an auditor of zakah institution.

The elderly population has been increasing significantly in our century. In our study, it was aimed to analyze the treatment results of elderly male patients who underwent holmium laser lithotripsy (HLL) for urethral stones under local anesthesia. We evaluated a total of 31 male patients, aged ≥65 years, diagnosed with urethral stones and treated with HLL under local anesthesia. We noted the demographic data and visual pain scores (VAS) of the patients and the duration of the operation and hospital stay. Our analysis involved both the success rates of the surgical procedure and the complication rates according to the modified Clavien classification. In addition. we determined the patients’ preoperative clinical status using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). The mean age of the patients was 71.65 ± 8.19 years. Acute urinary retention was the most common complaint (45.2%). Their mean scores were 7.68 ± 2.53 according to CCI. The average operation time was 15.48 ± 5.22 min and the VAS was 2.03 ± 1.08. All patients were stone-free and there was a marked improvement in their symptoms None of them stayed in the hospital for more than one day. We did not observe any Grade 3 or higher complications. In light of the data obtained in our study, we concluded that HLL is an effective and reliable method to treat urethral stones under local anesthesia in elderly male patients.

The use of conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) by legal security forces and in civil society is rapidly increasing. While they are generally considered safe devices, and fatal complications are rare, it is possible to see a small number of complications. In the present case, we describe the detection of acute inferior myocardial infarction in a patient who experienced chest pain after being exposed to a CEW. In such cases, multiple factors should be considered, and the choice of treatment and follow-up should be decided accordingly.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on testicular tissue and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in rats. Materials and methods: A total of 40 male Wistar albino rats, 5.5-6 months old, were equally divided at random into five groups: group 1 was the control group, group 2 received sertraline 10mg/kg (p.o), group 3 was administered fluoxetine 10mg/kg (p.o), group 4 received escitalopram 10mg/kg (p.o), and group 5 (n = 8) was administered paroxetine 20mg/kg. Each dose was administered orally for two months. Johnsen’s criteria were used to categorize spermatogenesis. Johnsen’s method assigns a score of 1 to 10 to each tubule cross-section examined. In this system, a Johnsen score of 9 and 10 indicates normal histology. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels were evaluated. Serum MDA levels were also measured. Results: The mean Johnsen scores were 9.36 ± 0.33, 9.29 ± 0.32, 8.86 ± 0.48, 9.10 ± 0.56, and 8.33 ± 0.90 in control group, sertraline group, fluoxetine group, escitalopram group, and paroxetine group, respectively. The Johnsen score was significantly lower for paroxetine group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The mean FSH level increased only in the sertraline group. With the exception of the fluoxetine group, the testosterone levels were lower in all groups compared with the control group. The total testosterone level was significantly lower in the sertraline group compared with the control group [40.87 (22.37-46.8) vs. 15.87 (13.53-19.88), p < 0.01]. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the MDA and LH levels (p = 0.090 and p = 0.092). Conclusion: These data suggest that SSRIs have a negative effect on testicular tissues. This negative impact is markedly greater in the paroxetine group. To determine the exact mechanism of action of these drugs on testicular tissue, well-designed randomized controlled clinical studies are needed on a larger population.

Although the pathological mechanism underlying kidney damage is not completely understood, it has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during ureteral obstruction may play an important role in this process. Carvedilol has been used in a limited number of studies examining oxidative injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carvedilol on serum and tissue oxidative stress parameters in the partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO)-induced rat model. To our knowledge, the protective effects of carvedilol in the PUUO-induced rat model have not been reported. Twenty-six male Wistar albino rats, age 5.5 to 6 months and weighing 250 to 300 g, were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into three groups. In Group 1 (n = 9), the control group, a sham operation was performed. In Group 2 (n = 8), the PUUO group, the left ureter was embedded into the psoas muscle to create PUUO and maintained for 7 days. In Group 3 (n = 9), carvedilol was orally administered to the rats (2 mg/kg). After the establishment of PUUO, carvedilol was given for the following 7 days. After partial unilateral ureteral obstruction, a nephrectomy was performed to determine the blood and tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and nitric oxide (NO). The median SOD, MDA, PC, and NO levels in the tissues were 0.006 U/mg protein, 5.11 nmol/g protein, 4.31 nmol/mg protein, and 0.337 μmol/g protein in the control group, respectively. There was a significant increase in tissue SOD (p = 0.014), MDA (p = 0.002), and NO (p = 0.004) levels in Group 2. However, a statistically significant difference was not observed in PC (p = 0.847) enzymatic activity in Group 2. When compared with Group 2, carvedilol treatment caused a reduction in NO (p = 0.003), and PC (p = 0.001) activities in Group 3. The serum SOD (p = 0.004), MDA (p = 0.043), PC (p = 0.043), and NO (p = 0.001) levels were significantly different in Group 3 compared with Group 2. Administration of carvedilol also reduced the detrimental histopathologic effects caused by PUUO. According to histopathological examination of the renal tissues, the inflammation rates were 22.2%, 87.5% and 33.3% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p

Aim : This experimental study was designed to produce ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidney by performing partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) and investigated the effects of melatonin on the levels of oxidative injury parameters. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows; control group (Group 1); only nephrectomy and blood (5 ml) drawn from vena cava inferior, PUUO group (Group 2); PUUO (10 days)+ipsilateral nephrectomy after recovery of PUUO+blood from vena cava inferior VCI, melatonin treated group (Group 3); PUUO (10 days)+melatonin (1/2 hr before release, 50 mg/kg, ip)+ipsilateral nephrectomy after recovery of PUUO+blood from VCI. The left ureter was embedded into the psoas muscle to create PUUO. After 10 days, PUUO was recovered and ipsilateral nephrectomies were performed for biochemical analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and protein carbonyl (PC) in the tissues and blood was drawn from inferior vena cava to study the same parameters in systemic circulation. The results were compared statistically. Results: The blood levels of MDA, NO, and PC were increased in the PUUO group in comparison to the sham-operated group (P

Increased arginase activity in the airways decreases L-arginine and causes deficiency of bronchodilating and anti-inflammatory nitric oxide (NO) in asthma. As, it is suggested that L-arginine may have therapeutic potential in asthma treatment, we aimed to investigate the effects of inhaled L-arginine on oxygen saturation (SaO₂) and airway histology in a murine model of acute asthma. Twenty eight BALB/c mice were divided into four groups; I, II, III and IV (control). All groups except the control were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. After establishement of acute asthma attack by metacholine administration, the mice were treated with inhaled L-arginine (Group I), saline (Group II) and budesonide (Group III), respectively. SaO₂was measured by pulse oximeter just before and 5 min after methacholine. A third measurement of SaO₂was also obtained 15 min after drug administration in these study groups. Inflammation in the lung tissues of the sacrificed animals were scored to determine the effects of the study drugs. The number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was determined. The results indicated that inflammatory scores significantly improved in groups receiving study drugs when compared with placebo and L-arginine was similar in decreasing scores when compared with budesonide. SaO₂had a tendency to increase after L-arginine administration after acute asthma attack and this increase was statistically significant (p=0.043). Eosinophilia in BAL significantly reduced in group receiving L-arginine when compared with placebo (p

Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease become symptomatic and are diagnosed usually at adulthood. The rate of nephrolithiasis in these patients is 5–10 times the rate in the general population, and both anatomic and metabolic abnormalities play role in the formation of renal stones. However, nephrolithiasis is rare in childhood age group. In this paper, an 11-year-old child with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease presenting with nephrolithiasis is discussed.

Abstract Background Cytoadherence of infected red blood cells to brain endothelium is causally implicated in malarial coma, one of the severe manifestations of falciparum malaria. Cytoadherence is mediated by specific binding of variant parasite antigens, expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes, to endothelial receptors including, ICAM-1, VCAM and CD36. In fatal cases of severe falciparum malaria with coma, blood vessels in the brain are characteristically congested with infected erythrocytes. Brain sections from a fatal case of knowlesi malaria, but without coma, were similarly congested with infected erythrocytes. The objective of this study was to determine the binding phenotype of Plasmodium knowlesi infected human erythrocytes to recombinant human ICAM-1, VCAM and CD36. Methods Five patients with PCR-confirmed P. knowlesi malaria were recruited into the study with consent between April and August 2010. Pre-treatment venous blood was washed and cultured ex vivo to increase the proportion of schizont-infected erythrocytes. Cultured blood was seeded into Petri dishes with triplicate areas coated with ICAM-1, VCAM and CD36. Following incubation at 37°C for one hour the dishes were washed and the number of infected erythrocytes bound/mm2 to PBS control areas and to recombinant human ICAM-1 VCAM and CD36 coated areas were recorded. Each assay was performed in duplicate. Assay performance was monitored with the Plasmodium falciparum clone HB3. Results Blood samples were cultured ex vivo for up to 14.5 h (mean 11.3 ± 1.9 h) to increase the relative proportion of mature trophozoite and schizont-infected red blood cells to at least 50% (mean 65.8 ± 17.51%). Three (60%) isolates bound significantly to ICAM-1 and VCAM, one (20%) isolate bound to VCAM and none of the five bound significantly to CD36. Conclusions Plasmodium knowlesi infected erythrocytes from human subjects bind in a specific but variable manner to the inducible endothelial receptors ICAM-1 and VCAM. Binding to the constitutively-expressed endothelial receptor CD36 was not detected. Further work will be required to define the pathological consequences of these interactions.

Aim: Determining the effects of combined or separate estrogen and progesterone administration on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative activity (AOA), β-carotene, vitamin A and C levels in overiectomized rats. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 1 control and 3 trial groups each consisted of 10 overiectomized rats. Control group received sesame oil while progesterone group received 2 mg/rat/day progesterone, estrogen group 10 mg/rat/day 17β-estradiol and estrogen + progesteron group 10 mg/rat/day 17β-estradiol+ 2 mg/rat/ day progesterone for 10 days. Blood samples of rats were collected under general anesthesia after 2 hours following last administration and checked for malondialdehyde (MDA), AOA, β-carotene, vitamin A, and C levels. Results: Whole blood MDA levels in estrogen group were decreased as compared to control group while remained same in others. Plasma AOA levels of estrogen and estrogen + progesterone groups were higher (p Conclusion: It can be concluded that estrogen decreases lipid peroxidation and increases antioxidant capacity besides effects positively the levels of antioxidant vitamins, particularly showing that mentioned level of estrogen act as an antioxidant.

The short-wave infrared range is highly significant for spectroscopic sensing and upcoming optical communication applications. Integrating active and passive photonic components is essential to achieve compact optical solutions. In this paper, we show, for the first time to our knowledge, a wavelength-selective detection system based on the heterogeneous integration of two grating-coupled InGaAs photodetectors operating at the 2µm wave band, with a wavelength selectivity provided by a dual-channel Mach-Zehnder interferometer fabricated using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. A full system responsivity of 0.1 A/W is measured together with >9.5 dB rejection ratio at two wavelengths. To our knowledge, we achieve the lowest measured dark current density (7.6 × 10 -4 A/cm 2 at -2 V) with micro-transfer printed integrated detectors.

Background: Malignancy in pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is rare, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common type. This study aims to assess the incidence of malignancy in PSD and identify risk factors to guide more targeted pathological examination strategies., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1505 patients who underwent surgical excision of PSD between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2023. Patients with incomplete or missing histopathological data were excluded, and no imputation methods were used for missing data. All specimens underwent histopathological examination to detect malignancies., Results: Two cases (0.13%) of SCC were identified, both in males aged 50 and 58 years without a history of Crohn's disease, HIV, prior radiation, or other cancers. Significant risk factors for malignancy included age over 40 years (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-9.5) and disease duration over 3 years (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.0-7.6). Both cases were treated surgically and received adjuvant radiotherapy, with both patients being disease-free at the 2-year follow-up., Conclusion: While malignancy in PSD is rare (0.13%), older age and prolonged disease duration are associated with increased risk. Selective pathological examination based on these risk factors could enhance cost-effectiveness by reducing unnecessary routine examinations., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.