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Abstract Background Several studies have evaluated the effects of zinc supplementation on glycemic biomarkers in humans and have demonstrated varying results. We systematically evaluated the literature and performed an umbrella meta-analysis of the effects of zinc supplementation on type 2 diabetes biomarkers. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the following databases; PubMed, Embase, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published up to March 10, 2024. Results Zinc supplementation was effective in reducing serum FBS (WMD: − 13.58, 95% CI: − 17.38, − 9.77; p

Using instructional games in vocabulary learning is beneficial, but their effects in the Iraqi EFL context have been overlooked. This study investigated the effects of instructional games on Iraqi primary school students’ vocabulary learning and retention. To fulfill the objectives of the study, a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design was adopted. The present study's participants were 40 Iraqi primary school students selected based on a convenience sampling. The participants were divided into two groups, one experimental (N= 20) and a control group (N=20). The students in the experimental group (EG) received vocabulary instruction in the form of game-based teaching. The control group (CG) was instructed using conventional teaching procedures. In this study, a textbook (Family and Friends 2) was used as the material, and two tests were utilized as the measurement instruments. It was found that the group of Iraqi primary school students who were instructed through the games considerably outperformed the group of students who received the traditional teaching in the classroom. Furthermore, the results revealed that the Iraqi primary school students who received vocabulary through instructional games had much better vocabulary retention than those who underwent the traditional teaching methods. The findings might have some implications for the material developers and EFL teachers in Iraq.

Background: Years of life lost (YLL) is commonly used to determine the social and economic burden of loss due to premature mortality. The present study estimated YLL based on general mortality groups in Golestan Province, Iran, in 2018. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, by referring to the province death registration system information and using standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) of the World Health Organization (WHO), YLL was calculated due to premature mortality based on general mortality groups in ICD-10 (international classification of diseases 10th revision). Results: The total number of deaths in Golestan Province was 8543 in 2018. The overall YLL due to premature mortality was 129838 years, of which 57.4% occurred among men. The major causes of YLL due to premature mortality (YLL%) were diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99) (32.3%), external causes (V01-Y89) (17.3%), certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96) (14.5%), and cancers (C00-D48) (13.9%). After diseases of the circulatory system, the most common cause of YLL due to premature mortality is external causes (22.9%) among men and cancers (16.2%) among women. In general, the highest YLL rate occurred due to circulatory system diseases (22.5 per 1000 people). Conclusion: According to the results of our study, most years of life lost in both sexes are related to diseases of the circulatory system, followed by external causes of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the diseases of the circulatory system and its causes, as well as external causes of morbidity and mortality.

Battery Management System (BMS) including measurements errors that causes decrease in ‎the quality of ‎calculated State of the Charge (SOC). It will limit the accurate estimation of ‎the SOC that is a critical challenge in ‎some of the engineering fields such as medical science, ‎robotics, navigation and industrial applications. These ‎facts implies on the significance of ‎SOC estimation from battery measurements that is the matter of the literature ‎through the ‎recent years. Due to the dependency of the EKF to the system model, the change in the ‎battery ‎parameters and noise information cause losing performance in the SOC estimation ‎over the time. In this paper, we ‎assume that the battery parameters including internal ‎resistance and capacitor and also the noise information are ‎varying over the time. To solve ‎that, two separate on-line identification algorithms for parameters and noise ‎information are ‎introduced. In more details, a Recursive Least Square (RLS) algorithm is used to identify ‎the ‎resistance and capacitor values. Moreover, the process and measurement noise covariance are ‎estimated based ‎on iterative noise information identification algorithm. Then all of the ‎updated values are used in the EKF ‎algorithm. This paper aims to address the issue of uncertainty in SOC estimation by proposing two algorithms. ‎The first algorithm focuses on identifying deterministic uncertainty, which refers to uncertainty in model ‎parameters. To address the challenge of uncertain model parameters, RLS is introduced.

Introduction: Supply chain disruption is an event that disrupts the production of goods and services. Resilience refers to the ability of an organization to manage disruptions or the ability of the supply chain network to quickly return to its previous state, ultimately positively impacting the company's performance. Many companies cannot maintain productivity during disruptions, losing competitiveness, increasing business continuity risk, and incurring financial losses. Sustainability considerations in supply chain operations have become a key issue. A common concept in sustainability is the triple approach: economic, environmental, and social, which must be observed by supply chain members. Sustainable supply chain management development is not a limiting factor but an approach to improve performance.Methods: This applied research study was conducted using a mixed qualitative-quantitative analysis with a cross-sectional survey method. The qualitative sample included academic and industry experts, while the quantitative sample comprised managers, heads, and experts in the studied company's headquarters, operations, and projects. Data collection tools included documentary studies, expert surveys, and a researcher-made questionnaire. Factors were identified using the meta-synthesis technique, screened with the fuzzy Delphi technique, and validated with partial least squares. The SWARA method was used for weighting and ranking factors. Supply chain processes were defined based on the SCOR model and ranked using the WASPAS method. The thinking process tools identified limitations in the third-level bottleneck process, and improvement solutions were presented.Results and Discussion: The meta-synthesis method extracted the desired indicators, which were screened and localized using the fuzzy Delphi technique and confirmed by experts in 7 dimensions and 39 indicators. The initial model was validated with partial least squares. Among resilience and sustainability factors, the "Risk Management" dimension with a weight of 0.2241 and the "Considering the risk factor in decision-making" index with a weight of 0.1224 were the top priorities. It was concluded that risk management is crucial for business continuity and dynamism. Supply chain managers should facilitate their participation in identifying and controlling risks and opportunities while continually increasing their subordinates' knowledge and skills. Evaluations identified the "sourcing and supply process," "goods and logistics supply process," and "purchase planning" as the most critical bottleneck processes. The root of disruptions in the "purchase planning" process was found to be in the identification, estimation, and allocation of human, infrastructural, and financial resources. Conclusions: Practical suggestions for company managers and decision-makers include employing expert personnel in purchasing planning, drafting executive plans, using advanced tools for measurement, analysis, forecasting, resource allocation, identifying uncertainties, determining prerequisites, and managing main and support suppliers and changes, and reviewing and modifying the existing mechanism.

Background and Aim: Balance and postural stability issues are significant complications for patients with knee osteoarthritis. This study aimed to assess the effects of an 8-week neuromuscular exercise program in water on balance and center of pressure fluctuations in women with grade 2 and 3 knee osteoarthritis. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 24 elderly women with knee osteoarthritis were assigned into two groups: grade 2 (n=12) and grade 3 (n=12). Pre- and post-intervention balance assessments were conducted using a single-leg test with the Biodex device, and center of pressure fluctuations were measured using an RSscan plantar pressure distribution device. Results: There were no significant differences in dynamic balance (P=0.679), anterior-posterior pressure center (P=0.469), and internal-external pressure center (P=0.863) between the two groups of women with knee osteoarthritis grades 2 and 3. However, intra-group comparisons revealed a significant improvement in the anterior-posterior pressure center for both groups (grade 2 group: P=0.048; grade 3 group: P=0.005) from pre- to post-test. Conclusion: The results suggest that an 8-week neuromuscular exercise program in water can effectively enhance balance and center of pressure fluctuations in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions for women with grade 2 and 3 knee osteoarthritis.

Background: This study examined the effects of yoga-based educational interventions on the volume and composition of breast milk in premature infants’ mothers admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 78 primiparous mothers whose premature infants were less than 34 weeks and were hospitalized in the NICU of Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital from February 2021 to November 2022. Mothers were assigned to a control group and an experimental group, that is, yoga, using the block randomization method. Mothers in the experimental group performed yoga for 30 minutes under the supervision of a yoga therapist every morning for six consecutive days. The volume of the mother’s milk was measured using an electric pump, while its composition was assessed using a spectrophotometer according to the instructions of the Pars Azmoun Standard Kit. Results: The results of the analysis on the remaining 76 samples showed a difference in the means of the volume of breast milk after the intervention with 11.39 and 33.84 ml for the control and yoga group, respectively.there was a significant difference between the amount of breast milk in the control and yoga groups (P < 0.001). Also, the average difference in the amount of breast milk compounds was not significantly different in any of the cases. Conclusions: The yoga technique is effective in increasing the volume of breast milk in mothers with premature infants. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the volume of breast milk in the NICU.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic illness defined by elevated blood glucose levels, mediating various tissue alterations, including the dysfunction of vital organs. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to many consequences that specifically affect the brain, heart, and kidneys. These issues are known as neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, and nephropathy, respectively. Inflammation is acknowledged as a pivotal biological mechanism that contributes to the development of various diabetes consequences. NF-κB modulates inflammation and the immune system at the cellular level. Its abnormal regulation has been identified in several clinical situations, including cancer, inflammatory bowel illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential impact of NF-κB on complications associated with DM. Enhanced NF-κB activity promotes inflammation, resulting in cellular harm and compromised organ performance. Phytochemicals, which are therapeutic molecules, can potentially decline the NF-κB level, therefore alleviating inflammation and the progression of problems correlated with DM. More importantly, the regulation of NF-κB can be influenced by various factors, such as TLR4 in DM. Highlighting these factors can facilitate the development of novel therapies in the future.

Background: This study aimed to determine the maximum concentration of lead in the water and sediments of Hawizeh Swamp during 2020-2021.Methods: The ECOFATE model was employed to calculate ecological risk parameters (RQ) along with total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and total organic carbon (TOC) at four stations during summer and winter. Using the framework of environmental fate model of ECOFATE, comprehensive data on hydrological sections, input chemical quantities, chemical characteristics, and ecosystem attributes were measured.Results: The findings indicated that lead concentrations were at the highest level in both sediment and water samples of the wetland across three-dimensional space during summer and winter. TSS, TOC and TDS values were estimated, of which the TDS was used to measure ecological risk due to its higher values.Conclusion: The RQ values of lead indicated high and medium risk within the sedimentary and aquatic environments of the wetland ecosystem, respectively. Statistical calculations further revealed that this wetland was at risk of environmental pollution, posing potential hazards to humans through the food chain. The increase in the biological pollution of this wetland is due to the increase in the population and urban sewage. Therefore, it is imperative to raise public awareness regarding the significance of the wetland and advocate for its regular monitoring.

Objective: To determine the protective effect of co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in male rats treated with Sunset Yellow FCF. Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of the control, CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/day), low dose of Sunset Yellow (2.5 mg/kg), high dose of Sunset Yellow (70 mg/kg), low dose of Sunset Yellow (2.5 mg/kg) plus CoQ10, and high dose of Sunset Yellow (70 mg/kg) plus CoQ10. The drugs were administered via daily oral gavages for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, sperm analysis, stereological and histological assessments of the testis were carried out. Results: The normal morphology (by 41.1%) and progressive spermatozoa (by 74.8%), testicle volume (by 33.4%), lumen volume (by 38.3%), interstitial tissue volume (by 44.7%), seminiferous tubule volume (by 40.7%), and number of spermatogonia (by 53.9%) and Leydig cells (by 70.7%) reduced in the rats that received high doses of Sunset Yellow in comparison to the control group. Nonetheless, all these alterations were recovered by CoQ10 treatment in the CoQ10 plus high dose of Sunset Yellow group. Furthermore, low doses of Sunset Yellow did not affect different parameters of the testis and sperm. Conclusions: CoQ10 could, to some extent, prevent structural changes of the testis induced by the high dose of Sunset Yellow.

Knowledge is always considered a valuable asset and strength for organizations, and its achievement is a competitive advantage for organizations. Just as sharing knowledge has positive consequences for the organization, knowledge hiding can have destructive effects on the organization's performance in various aspects. It is necessary to encourage the factors that reduce the knowledge hiding behavior of employees, and one of the strongest factors of this is the leadership in the organization. The aim of this study is to systematic review the impact of different leadership styles on knowledge hiding with a meta-analytical approach. From a total of 167 articles that were obtained in the initial search from reliable scientific information and citation databases, 24 articles were finally selected for meta-analysis based on the protocol clauses. The analyzes show that according to the heterogeneity of the reviewed studies in relation to the research hypotheses based on the random effect size, the effect of all leadership styles on knowledge hiding is confirmed. Also, the results of the fail-safe N test show the stability and immutability of the results of this research. The results of this research show that ethical, altruistic, knowledge, inclusive and empowering leadership styles have a negative effect on knowledge hiding and exploitative leadership style has a positive effect on knowledge hiding.

In the rapidly evolving landscape of electroanalysis, the role of nanomaterials has emerged as a transformative force, propelling the field to the upper stages. This special issue delves into the groundbreaking contributions of nanomaterials, exploring their potential as catalysts and their impact on shaping the future of electroanalytical techniques.

In recent years, determining the most effective time to post on Instagram for increased engagement has become a central concern for digital marketers. Despite its significance, research on this topic remains limited. This study adopts an exploratory research approach to analyze Instagram posts from selected Western countries (Europe and America) and Iranian businesses. The data were collected during the period from February 21, 2022, to March 21, 2022, employing web scraping tools. Classification algorithms, including XGBoost, K-NN, SVM, and Linear Regression, are employed for modeling, with results favoring the XGBoost method for accuracy. The study reveals optimal posting times between 12 and 3 pm for Western Countries businesses and 9 and 12 am for Iranian businesses. Furthermore, it suggests Sunday as the best day for posting in the West, contrasting with Thursday in Iran. In summary, this research underscores the differing ideal posting times in Iran and the West, emphasizing the challenge of constructing a uniform model for all countries.

Introduction: The aim of this study is the isolation and primary identification of isolated bioaerosols sampled from different locations, as well as determining their antibiotic resistance profile for the selected bacteria. Materials and Methods: The air samples were collected from 35 stations in 17 buildings (bank, public, healthcare and industrial). An air-sampling pump (Flite3-SKC) with a flow rate of 14.1 l/min was used for five minutes at the respiratory height. The total bacterial count and primary identification were carried out, then the antibiotic susceptibility tests for ten selected antibiotics were conducted by the disk diffusion method. Results: The bacterial population varied at a range of 128-5503 CFU/m3, and the fruit and vegetable bazaar of Zanjan showed the highest population of bioaerosols. The bioaerosols population among industrial samples was high. Most isolates were determined as gram-positive Cocci (> 70%) and Bacillus spp, respectively. The most antibiotic-resistant bacteria were related to manufacturing activities, showing resistance to Chloramphenicol and Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole (72%). Conclusion: The type of activity affects the bacterial population and antibiotic resistance in industrial uses. The increase of multi-drug resistant bacteria, especially in medical settings, is known as a community health challenge and needs more attention.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of knowledge hiding behaviors on employees' silence and organizational deviant behaviors with the mediating role of psychological contract breach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-surveillance in terms of nature. The statistical population of the current research includes the employees of the large taxpayer’s unit, which consists of 400 people, of which 227 people were determined as a statistical sample by simple random method and power analysis method. In order to collect information, a standard questionnaire was used and the data was analyzed by multivariate analysis based on structural equation modeling with a covariance-based approach in Amos software version 24. The research results show the confirmation of rationalized hiding on defensive silence, evasive hiding on relational silence, rationalized hiding on relational silence, evasive hiding on ineffective silence, rationalized hiding on ineffective silence and defensive silence on organizational deviant behavior, relational silence on organizational deviant behavior and Ineffectual silence on deviant organizational behavior and Also, the results of the mediation analysis show that the construct "psychological contract breach" has a mediating role for all relationships between the dimensions of knowledge-hiding behaviors and the dimensions of silence So that the said mediation process for the causal relationships between "playing dumb" and "defensive silence/ ineffective silence" is complete and partial for the rest of the relationships. In the section of the structural model, among the twenty-one proposed hypotheses, seventeen were confirmed, among which the effect of relational silence on organizational deviant behavior had the highest path coefficient (0.33).

Introduction: Usability is a criterion that indicates a product’s applicability and ease of use. A usable product allows the user to perform a task correctly and quickly, preventing errors and fatigue. The present study aimed to determine the ergonomic usability of the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences website of educational management system from the students’ viewpoint in 2019 and 2020. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the usability of one of the websites for educational management systems using a standard questionnaire. The study examined the utility of web-based applications in the research processes automation field. The questionnaire was embedded in Google Forms and emailed to Zanjan University of Medical Sciences students, 404 of which returned. The data were analyzed with a 0.05 confidence level using SPSS software version 16. Results: The 404 participants’ data showed that among the questionnaire nine factors, the highest and intermediate-range mean were for “Ease of Use” at 19 and 4 and for “Ease of Learning” at 18 and 4. Moreover, they were 13 and 3 for “System Capabilities,” 13 and 2 for “System Usability,” and 10 and 2 for “User Satisfaction.” In addition, “Errors Management” received 10 and 2, “Display” 10 and 2, “System Terms and Information” 8 and 2, and “User Environment Personalization” 5.5 and 3 as their highest and intermediate-range mean, respectively. Most questionnaires did not differ significantly depending on the age variable, meaning that different age groups had similar answers to most factors. The two sexes showed a significant difference in the responses to the “Usefulness of the System,” “Ease of Learning,” and “Display.” A significant difference for other factors was found in examining the relationship between educational level and the questionnaire factors. However, the “Error Management” and “Display” factors did not significantly differ, considering the educational levels. Conclusion: The results showed that more attention should be paid to ease of use and learning in re-designing this website. However, it is necessary to consider all factors affecting usability.

Objective: To examine the effect of quercetin on stereological parameters and autophagy-related genes in ovaries of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rats. Methods: Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: the control group, the ethanol group, the quercetin group (15 mg/kg/day), the PCOS group, as well as the PCOS + quercetin group. After the induction of PCOS, quercetin was administered orally for 30 days. Histological, stereological and real-time PCR analyses were carried out to evaluate the effect of quercetin on PCOS rats. Results: Stereological analysis revealed that quercetin significantly increased the number of ovarian follicles and the volume of corpus luteum and induced a significant decrease in atretic follicles in comparison to the PCOS group. In addition, quercetin markedly increased mTOR gene expression while decreasing Beclin-1 and LC3 gene expression. Conclusions: Quercetin strongly modulates the expression of ovarian autophagy-related genes and stereological parameters in PCOS rats. Therefore, it can be considered as an ameliorative component for ovarian follicular impairments.

AbstractDue to the intense global competition and the negative impact of disturbances on the financial, operational and market performance of industries, attention has been paid to issues such as strategic management of the supply chain and its resilience; and the oil industry, with its complex structure and processes, has an impact on the global and regional economy is not an exception. The aim of the current research, by using the structural equation modeling method, is to investigate the impact of strategic supply chain management on the performance and direction of the chain by analyzing the mediating role of resilience (agility and strength components) in Iran's marine engineering and construction company active in the offshore sector. The statistical population of the research consists of all the employees of the company, which was determined by the Klein method and the N:q rule, and the number of sample people was determined to be 270; and by the purposeful sampling method, people familiar with the various aspects of the supply chain of the offshore industry with work experience more than for five years were elected. Survey data after collection were analyzed using SMART-PLS software. The results showed: 1- strategic supply chain management has a significant direct effect on the direction of the supply chain, 2- strategic supply chain management has a significant indirect effect on the direction of the supply chain (through the agility and strength of the chain), 3- Strategic supply chain management does not have a significant direct effect on supply chain performance, 4- Strategic supply chain management has a significant indirect effect on supply chain performance (through agility and chain strength), 5- Chain agility plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between strategic management of the supply chain and the performance and direction of the chain. 6- The strength of the chain has a significant mediating role in the relationship between the strategic management of the supply chain and the performance and orientation of the chain.Extended AbstractIntroductionSupply chain management is related to the organization of materials and information throughout the organization, using facilities, i.e. vendors, product manufacturing, and distribution channels (Bokrantz & Dul, 2022). This importance is actually considered as the backbone for creating foundations and infrastructures in societies and businesses. Nowadays, in the field of business, the conditions are constantly changing and governed by uncertainty, and the consequences can be different at the level of impact, frequency and their origin (internal or external) (Heckmann et al., 2015), so organizations focus their efforts on supply chain management. Foster & Gardner (2022) define a supply chain as "a set of functional activities (transportation, inventory control, etc.) that are repeated many times along the flow channel by which raw materials are transformed into finished products and value." and reach the consumer."Today, one of the most important issues in the supply chain is resilience. In a research, Rehman et al, (2021) stated that having a safety valve such as resilience helps companies to reduce the risk of instability and improve the sustainability of the supply chain. Supply chain resilience has been widely discussed in the literature, and its effects have been studied on the smooth functioning of global supply chain management networks. However, several events such as terrorist, political and economic crises have threatened the supply chain of organizations all over the world, and today under the protection of the supply chain, the resilience of the supply chain is an evolving issue (Hohenstein et al., 2015).Therefore, the current research aims to answer the question that in the offshore sector of the oil industry and in the engineering and construction company of marine facilities in Iran, what is the effect of strategic supply chain management on the performance and orientation of the supply chain with the mediator role of resilience? Theoretical frameworkThe supply chain has been growing over time, so it is not surprising that the supply chain is always damaged from incidents and tensions such as unfavorable climatic conditions and transportation obstacles, machine breakdowns, etc., which threaten to destabilize the performance and endanger the operation and its efficiency. Unforeseen events increase with more dispersion of the chain, and risks such as strikes, global terrorism, war, natural disasters, epidemics, and non-acceptance by suppliers are among the things that can change the direction of the supply chain or cause a decrease in performance (Urrutia, 2018).The development of resilience in the supply chain is considered as an effort in facing unexpected and uncertain developments (Aven, 2016). Some researchers consider the two factors of agility and strength as the main indicators of supply chain resilience (Alshahrani and Salam, 2022; Kazancoglu et al., 2022; Khan et al., 2022). Hohenstein et al, (2015) state that supply chains may be disrupted at some stages of their maturity, however, there should be a system to quickly extricate from disruptions without absorbing any side effects, which depends on the agility of the supply chain.Khan et al, (2022) conducted research in the oil industry and quantified the mediating effect of flexibility in the supply chain. The results showed that the flexibility of the supply chain plays a positive mediating role between the capabilities of the supply chain and the performance of the supply chain. The results also showed that robust supply chains have a more positive effect on performance compared to agile supply chains.Juan & Hung (2022) investigated the relationships between the five components of resilient supply chain (SCRES), including emergence, speed, flexibility, robustness, and cooperation; and their effects on supply chain performance under disruption (SCPUD) with a structural equation modeling approach. The results showed: 1- The cooperation component is an external driver of the resilient supply chain and has a direct impact on the emergence, speed, flexibility and strength of the disrupted supply chain. 2- The flexibility of the supply chain is the only component of the agility of the supply chain that directly affects Supply chain performance under disruption. 3- Supply chain flexibility is the only component of supply chain agility that has an indirect effect on supply chain performance under disruption. 4- The speed component has a direct effect and the emergence component has an indirect effect on supply chain flexibility. 5- The emergence component is one of the important elements of agility that has a positive effect on the speed and strength of the supply chain.MethodologyThe current research is applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive and survey in terms of nature and research method. The statistical population of the research consists of all the employees of the company (N=1000), which was determined by Klein's method and the N:q rule, and the number of sample people was 270, and, people familiar with the various aspects of the supply chain of the offshore industry were selected with more than 5 years of work experience by the purposeful sampling method. Khan et al (2022) questionnaire was used to collect data related to research variables.Discussion and Results In order to investigate the hypothesis of the research, the modeling of structural equations, the method of structural equation modeling with the help of spss software was used to test the hypotheses from inferential statistics. Then PLS software was used to test the hypotheses or the conceptual model of the research, and the results showed that the strategic management of the supply chain has a positive and significant effect on both factors of resilience, i.e. agility and strength of the supply chain. The results of the current research also showed that the strategic management of the supply chain does not have a significant effect directly on the performance of the supply chain, but with the mediation of the agility of the chain, this effect becomes significant. In the results of the current research, it was also determined that the strategic management of the supply chain has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the supply chain both directly and indirectly through the mediation of chain strength. In the present research, results were also obtained showing that the strategic management of the supply chain directly and indirectly (with the mediation of agility and strength) has a positive and significant effect on the orientation of the supply chain.ConclusionThe current research was conducted with the aim of the impact of strategic supply chain management on the performance and orientation of the supply chain with the mediating role of resilience (the study of the offshore sector of the oil industry). This finding is in line with researchers such as Um (2017) and El Baz& Ruel (2021) and Shamout (2019) and Tarafdar & Qrunfleh (2017) and Florescu et al, (2019) and Dhaigude & Kapoor (2017); The research of (Um, 2017) resulted that increasing the variety of products has a positive effect on the resilience and agility of the supply chain, which improves the performance of the supply chain. He stated that in order to reduce the cost of increasing product variety, it is possible to increase the agility of the supply chain and ultimately improve the performance of the supply chain by diversifying activities in the strategic management department. The results of his research on 363 British and South Korean manufacturing companies showed that the diversity of activities in the strategic management of the supply chain makes the chain more resilient and increases its performance.According to the research results, it is suggested that in order to respond quickly to the needs of customers, more work should be done on the agility of the supply chain of this industry to be responsive in the tough conditions of the supply chain market. To increase performance, the role of agility in the supply chain of this industry should be emphasized more and always considered as an intermediate factor.

Background. One of the main activities that plays a significant role in the prevalence of mental illnesses is the issue of referral. According to the evidence, the lack of proper implementation of the referral system is one of the obvious weaknesses of the primary health care (PHC) system. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the challenges of referring mental health clients in the PHC system in Iran. We also examined the weaknesses in this process from the perspective of mental health experts. Methods. The present study is a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 PHC psychologists selected through purposive sampling. After transcribing the interviews, the data were analyzed based on the Graneheim and Landman model. Results. We identified two main themes and 12 categories. The theme of intra-centered referential challenges included categories such as weaknesses in health care providers screening and low referrals, clients' lack of trust in health care providers, clients' lack of cooperation, physicians' poor cooperation, and barriers to clients' desire to visit a psychologist. Meanwhile, outer-centered referential challenges included a shortage of referral centers, lack of transparency in referrals, lack of direct referrals, poor follow-up, barriers regarding referral to a higher level, and barriers to clients’ referral to the institute. Conclusion. The findings of the present study showed that poor intra-sectoral and inter-sectoral communication is one of the main challenges that has disrupted the referral process in the field of mental health in the PHC system. Many challenges such as the lack of designated referral centers, poor follow-up due to lack of referral feedback, and clients' financial inability to refer to a higher level can be improved by strengthening cross-sectoral communications such as two-way communication with support organizations and psychiatric and psychotherapy centers.

This article analyzes the intertwining of ethnicity and gender in the political participation of Kurdish women in Iran before, during and after the 1979 revolution until the late 1980s when the Kurdish political forces recognized their defeats at the both political and armed, and suffer from the exile of most of their members – especially in Europe. Organized in two parts, this article analyzes the reasons for the participation of Kurdish women in the political life of this period, their claim and the modality of their participation. For the analysis of these elements, this article looks at the experiences of former activists and fighters of Komala, a far-left Kurdish political organization. The political involvement of these women is very little documented, so much of the information presented in this article will come from testimonies collected between the years 2014-2018 as part of a sociological research.

Abstract Background: Sperm quality has an important role in the success of assisted reproductive techniques, by adding some bioactive agents with a positive impact on sperms, it can be improved. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of kisspeptin on the sperm motility criteria, Lactate dehydrogenase-C (LDHC) activity, acrosomal reaction, and capacitation in the mouse testicular sperm in vitro. Materials and Methods: Sperm samples were extracted from testes of 96 male Balb/C mice weighing 25-30 gr, aged 6-8 wk. Then, they were separated into 4 parts; 2 controls and 2 kisspeptin-treated aliquots; each one incubated for either 15 or 30 min. The sperm motility and the LDHC activity were evaluated, and also the frequency of the non-capacitated, intact, and acrosomal-reacted sperms were evaluated by staining with Wheat germ agglutinin, Peanut agglutinin, and Concanavalin A, respectively. The stained sperms were analyzed by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscope. Results: Our result showed that kisspeptin increased both the sperm motility (p = 0.04) and LDHC enzyme activity (p = 0.04) after 15 min of incubation. At the same time, it did not impact the frequency of the non-capacitated, intact and acrosomal-reacted sperms after incubation in the same period (p = 0.16). Conclusion: A 15 min period of incubation with kisspeptin could be applicable for evaluating sperm motility and LDH activity.

Background: Industrial wastewater treatment has always been difficult and costly due to the presence of different pollutants with high concentration. The use of constructed wetlands is economical due to not needing any external energy sources and materials and equipment to reduce pollutants. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of horizontal and vertical subsurface wetlands in the removal of pollutants from the wastewater of the Mourchekhort Industrial Estate, Iran, and compare it with performance of the conventional coagulation-flocculation-filtration unit of reuse process. Methods: Two horizontal and vertical wetlands in pilot scale and two control (no plant) reactors were operated for eight months. Removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, phosphorous and nitrogen compounds, and index bacteria were evaluated. Horizontal wetland was considered with dimensions of 0.8 × 0.65 × 2 m and floor slope of 1%. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) and incoming sewage flow rate were set to to 6 days and 0.2 m3/d, respectively. Vertical subsurface reed had dimensions of 4 × 0.60 × 2 m and floor slope was equal to 1%. The control pilot (no plant) was designed exactly the same as the horizontal and vertical samples. The results were compared with coagulation-flocculation-filtration process efficiency. Findings: The efficiency of vertical wetland in removal of TSS, COD, turbidity, phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, and index bacteria was 58.1%, 62.4%, 73.4%, 20.4%, 21.3%, and 40.5%%, respectively. For horizontal wetlands, the efficiency was obtained as 57.0%, 52.6%, 70.3%, 22.4%, 18.2%, 39.1%, respectively, and for conventional coagulation-flocculation-filtration treatment process, it was 85.3%, 69.7%, 81.5%, 69.2%, 73.9%, and 78.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Although vertical wetland was more efficient than horizontal one for most of the operation parameters, both of these wetlands were less efficient than conventional coagulation-flocculation-filtration unit of reuse process. Although operating costs of wetlands are low, these systems alone cannot be considered as a substitute for the conventional pre-treatment process of coagulation-flocculation-filtration because of their low performance for the purpose of polishing.

AbstractPre-listening activity has a considerable role in improving listening comprehension. This research examined the effects of bottom-up and top-down pre-listening activities on Iranian EFL students’ listening comprehension. It also investigated the potential interaction effects of language proficiency and gender with the treatments. Using the TOEFL (PBT) test, 270 learners were selected and grouped into three proficiency levels of elementary, intermediate, and upper-intermediate. At each level, 90 subjects were randomly distributed to one control (CG) and two experimental groups (EGs), each consisting of 30 learners. After giving the pretest, vocabulary preparation as a bottom-up pre-listening activity and content-related support as a top-down pre-listening activity were given to the two EGs for the treatment, but the learners in the CGs were demanded to listen to the audio tracks and go straight into the listening tasks without any pre-listening activities. The research lasted for six weeks and 12 sessions. At the end of the experiment, the posttest was given to the subjects to measure the effects of the treatments. The results revealed significant differences between the learners’ pretest and posttest performance. The analyses of the data confirmed the positive impact of both types of pre-listening activities on the listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners based on their proficiency levels. Further analyses revealed the interaction effects between proficiency levels and treatments. However, there was no interaction effect between the learners’ gender and the treatments. The findings of the study could help practitioners in the field to assign more practical tasks to improve the listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners.

Background and Aim: SARS-COV-2 can present with pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, hematological, and neurological manifestations. Neurological manifestations may occur after or before COVID-19 symptoms and signs. Spine and spinal cord complications are documented as neurological complications of COVID-19. Spinal cord pathology following COVID-19 showed inflammatory myelopathy and suspected cord ischemia. The most frequent presentation of COVID-19 myelitis is non-enhancing central expansile cord T2 signal changes, but it can present with lateral and dorsal column-specific disease and in some cases with negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There is no known documented mechanism for spinal cord involvement in COVID-19 infection, but it seems as a post-infectious immunological and post-inflammatory disorder and reaction. Viral infection of SARS-CoV-2 can cause demyelination of the brain and spinal cord and also can exacerbate the known primary demyelinating disorders. Methods and Materials/Patients: This is a narrative study about the spinal cord complications of COVID-19. To provide up-to-date information, we precisely reviewed COVID-19 articles on spine and spinal cord complications. Based on the keywords COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, spine, and spinal cord, all the related articles were taken from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline and were precisely studied. Results: There are reported cases of COVID-19 spine and spinal cord involvement. There is no documented mechanism for these involvements but the possible mechanisms are direct invasion, cytokine storm, coagulopathy, and an autoimmune response. The routine therapy of such complications is the treatment of these complications with other primary causes with a poor and unsatisfactory response of myelopathy to treatment; however, early diagnosis and vigilance of such involvement improve outcome. Conclusion: COVID-19 can cause spine and spinal cord complications in some patients without a known incidence rate of such complications. The pathogenesis is not completely known; therefore, more conclusive studies are obligatory to improve our information on COVID-19 spinal cord and spine complications.

The use of small-scale Combined Heat and Power (CHP) to meet the electrical and thermal needs of buildings has grown exponentially and plans have been made in Iran to expand these systems. In view of the above, in the present work, for the first time, sensitivity analysis has been performed on the parameters of natural gas price, annual interest rate, and the price of pollutant penalties. The CHP system studied included fuel cell, biomass generator, solar cell, wind turbine, and gas boiler. The techno-econo-enviro simulations were performed by HOMER software and the study area was Abadan. The use of a dump load to convert excess electricity into heat and heat recovery in a biomass generator and fuel cell are other advantages presented by the present work. The minimum Cost of Energy (COE) is 1.16 $/kWh. The results also showed that the use of biomass generators was economical when the annual interest rate was 30 %. The significant effect of using dump load on the required heat supply and the lowest price per kg of hydrogen produced equal to $ 35.440 are other results of the present work. In general, the results point to the superiority of solar radiation potential over wind energy potential of the study area and the prominent role of dump load in providing heat on a residential scale is clearly seen. Also, for the current situation, using biomass is not cost-effective.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of positive social-comparative feedback on motor learning and self-efficacy of a throwing motor skill in individuals with ADHD. The subjects were 44 adolescents with ADHD in the age range of 15 to 18 years old and were randomly and equally divided into two groups: positive social-comparative feedback and control group. Motor task consisted of throwing bean bags with the non-dominant arm at a target on the ground. The participants completed the pretest (10 trials), an acquisition phase including 6 blocks of 10 trials, and a retention test consisting of 10 trials. The participants in the positive social comparison feedback group were informed that their throws on the previous block were, on average, better than the throws of the other participants in this group. Prior to pretest, each block, and before the retention test, all participants completed the self-efficacy scale. Dependent measures were throwing accuracy scores and self-efficacy. Independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were employed to analyze the data. Positive social comparison feedback group throwed the bean bags significantly better in the acquisition phase and the retention test compared to the control group. In addition, positive social comparison feedback group reported significantly higher self-efficacy scores in the acquisition phase and the retention test in comparison to the control group. Our findings indicated that enhanced expectancies benefited individuals with ADHD to enhance their performance and learn a novel motor skill

Introduction: Due to the importance of sleep disorders and the unknown effects that they may have on the course of the disease in COVID-19 patients, in this study, we aimed to investigate the factors affecting sleep disorders in these patients. Materials and Methods: The present research was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Razi Hospital in Rasht. The study population included COVID-19 patients referred to the corona clinic of Razi Hospital for follow-up. Information about age, gender, body mass index (BMI), underlying disease, drugs used, a history of using cigarette and opioids, duration of hospitalization, and type of hospitalization (normal ward or the intensive care unit (ICU) ward) was extracted from patients’ files and recorded in the data collection form. The Petersburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep disorders. The collected data were entered into SPSS software version 24. The significance level of the tests was considered P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the subjects in this study was 43.79 years. According to the results, 52 people were male (52.5%) and the rest were female. Based on the results, it was found that age (p = 0.540), gender (p = 0.141), BMI (p= 0.464), cigarette use (p = 0.675), opium use (p = 0.757), underlying disease (p = 0.430), drug use (p = 0.327), and duration of hospitalization (p = 0.203) were not significantly associated with sleep disorders. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, sleep in patients with COVID-19 is not associated with age, gender, cigarette use, opium use, underlying disease, duration of hospitalization, and a history of drug use.

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a complex gait disturbance in Parkinson’s disease (PD), during which the patient is not able to effectively initiate gait or continue walking. The mystery of the FOG phenomenon is still unsolved. Recent studies have revealed abnormalities in cortical activities associated with FOG, which highlights the importance of cortical and cortical-subcortical network dysfunction in PD patients with FOG. In this paper, phase-locking value (PLV) of eight frequency sub-bands between 0.05 Hz and 35 Hz over frontal, motor, and parietal areas [during an ankle dorsiflexion (ADF) task] is used to investigate EEG phase synchronization. PLV was investigated over both superficial and deeper networks by analyzing EEG signals preprocessed with and without Surface Laplacian (SL) spatial filter. Four groups of participants were included: PD patients with severe FOG (N = 5, 5 males), PD patients with mild FOG (N = 7, 6 males), PD patients without FOG (N = 14, 13 males), and healthy age-matched controls (N = 13, 10 males). Fifteen trials were recorded from each participant. At superficial layers, frontoparietal theta phase synchrony was a unique feature present in PD with FOG groups. At deeper networks, significant dominance of interhemispheric frontoparietal alpha phase synchrony in PD with FOG, in contrast to beta phase synchrony in PD without FOG, was identified. Alpha phase synchrony was more distributed in PD with severe FOG, with higher levels of frontoparietal alpha phase synchrony. In addition to FOG-related abnormalities in PLV analysis, phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) analysis was also performed on frequency bands with PLV abnormalities. PAC analysis revealed abnormal coupling between theta and low beta frequency bands in PD with severe FOG at the superficial layers over frontal areas. At deeper networks, theta and alpha frequency bands show high PAC over parietal areas in PD with severe FOG. Alpha and low beta also presented PAC over frontal areas in PD groups with FOG. The results introduced significant phase synchrony differences between PD with and without FOG and provided important insight into a possible unified underlying mechanism for FOG. These results thus suggest that PLV and PAC can potentially be used as EEG-based biomarkers for FOG.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of autonomy support (i.e., in the form of self-controlled feedback) on learning and self-efficacy in a throwing skill in adolescents with ADHD. The subjects were 40 adolescents with ADHD (14 to 17 years old) and were randomly and equally divided into two groups: self-controlled and yoked. Motor task consisted of throwing bean bags with the non-dominant arm at a target on the ground. The participants completed the pretest (10 trials), an acquisition phase including 6 blocks of 10 trials, and a retention test consisting of 10 trials. The participants in the self-controlled group received knowledge of result (KR) anytime the requested. The yoked group was matched with self-controlled group, but without having a choice to request for feedback. Prior to pretest, each block, and before the retention test, all participants completed the self-efficacy scale. Dependent measures were throwing accuracy scores and self-efficacy. Independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were used to analyze the data. The results showed that participants in the self-controlled group had significantly higher throwing accuracy scores in the acquisition phase and the retention test than those in yoked group. Moreover, participants in the self-controlled group reported significantly higher self-efficacy scores in the acquisition phase and the retention test than those in yoked group. The results of this study show that people with ADHD benefit from autonomy support to learn a novel motor skill.

The present study attempted to give insight into the features of an effective English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher education program by exploring student teachers’ beliefs, ideas, and the challenges they encounter during their teacher education program. The data were collected through several semi-structured focus group interview sessions with a total number of forty-one BA, MA, and PhD students studying teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) at university. The qualitative grounded theory design was used to analyze the data, and the findings of the study were corroborated with interpretations obtained from the informal observation of several university classes in a TEFL teacher education program in Iran. The inductive analysis of the data resulted in developing the following categories: the challenge of developing the ability to move back and forth from theory to practice, the struggle to establish a professional identity, the quest for the ‘self’, less-practiced reflective practice, and the missing connection between teacher education programs and schools. The discussion concerning the challenges and issues culminated in implications for EFL teacher education programs through which they can take the issues that student teachers normally experience into account and help them pave the way for an effective EFL teacher education program.

Objective: Chemoprevention of cancer by application of natural phytochemical compounds has been used to prevent, delay or suppress cancer progression. Cuscuta chinensis a traditional Iranian medicinal herb, has biological properties including anticancer, anti-aging, immuno-stimulatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, anti-proliferative effects of hydroalcoholic extract of C. chinensis on prostate (PC3) and breast (MCF7) cancer cell lines were investigated. Materials and Methods: In the current study, we investigated treatment of PC3 cells with different concentrations of C. chinensis (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µg/ml) for 24 and 48 hr; also, MCF7 cells were treated with various concentrations (0-600 µg/ml) of C. chinensis for 48 and 72 hr and cell viability was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. mRNA expression of BCL2 Associated X (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Cysteine-aspartic proteases (Caspase3) and Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Annexin V/PI staining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay were used to detect apoptosis. Results: C. chinensis decreased PC3 and MCF7 cells viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p BAX/Bcl2 ratio, Caspase3 and PTEN increased in C. chinensis-treated cells compared to the control group. C. chinensis induced apoptosis (p

Abstract Background The extent to which patients with End-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at a higher risk of COVID-19-related death is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the ESRD patients at increased risk of COVID-19 -related death and its associated factors. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 74 patients with ESRD and 446 patients without ESRD hospitalized for COVID-19 in Alborz province, Iran, from Feb 20 2020 to Apr 26 2020. Data on demographic factors, medical history, Covid-19- related symptoms, and blood tests were obtained from the medical records of patients with confirmed COVID-19. We fitted univariable and multivariable Cox regression models to assess the association of underlying condition ESRD with the COVID-19 in-hospital mortality. Results were presented as crude and adjusted Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In the ESRD subgroup, demographic factors, medical history, symptoms, and blood parameters on the admission of survivors were compared with non-survivors to identify factors that might predict a high risk of mortality. Results COVID-19 patients with ESRD had in-hospital mortality of 37.8% compared to 11.9% for those without ESRD (P value

Abstract The 1,l/-bis(2-phenylethan-1-ol)ferrocene, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate (BMPF6) and NiO-SWCNTs were used to modify carbon paste electrode (BPOFc/BMPF6/NiO-SWCNTs/CPE), which could act as an electro-catalytic tool for the analysis of N-acetylcysteine in this work. The BPOFc/BMPF6/NiO-SWCNTs/CPE with high electrical conductivity showed two completely separate signals with oxidation potentials of 432 and 970 mV for the first time that is sufficient for the determination of N-acetylcysteine in the presence of theophylline. The BPOFc/BMPF6/NiO-SWCNTs/CPE showed linear dynamic ranges of 0.02–300.0 μM and 1.0–350.0 μM with the detection limit of ~ 8.0 nM and 0.6 μM for the measurement of N-acetylcysteine and theophylline, respectively. In the second part, understanding the nature of interaction, quantum conductance modulation, electronic properties, charge density, and adsorption behavior of N-acetylcysteine on NiO–SWCNTs surface from first-principle studies through the use of theoretical investigation is vital for designing high-performance sensor materials. The N-acetylcysteine molecule was chemisorbed on the NiO–SWCNTs surface by suitable adsorption energies (− 1.102 to − 5.042 eV) and reasonable charge transfer between N-acetylcysteine and NiO–SWCNTs.

One of the important issues of the field of religious studies in contemporary times is the ability to understanding the language of religion. those who belive that this language is understandable, they are against each other that this is the common sense(all being intelligible) or the mysterious and symbolic.Mulla Sadra has paid attention to the exegesis of the Qur'an, therefore he has paid attention to some kind of language of religion. He considers ontology the only existence as genuine, in the sense that he sees only the existence of reality.In addition, he believes in Gradation of being, that is, existence is a unic fact and with intensity and weakness.He emphasizes the dignity of knowledge in the language of religion.Because he considers the Qur'an to be far-reaching, he supposes the external language of the Qur'an as a symbol of their inner meanings, and because of the mysterious nature of the Quranic verses and the words of the elders of religion, they give them appearance ,inwardness, exegesis and interpretation.And believes that anything in addition to appearance has an esoteric, so that the appearance and the inner one are twice as many as an object.In his view, there are no fundamental contradictions between the inner meanings of the apparent meaning and therefore the interpretation which appears to contradict it, interprets the vote (without foundation).He also believes that the purpose of the "Truth"is a unit that can be obtained through three ways of revelation (Quran)and rational analyzes (proofs) and refinement of the soul (mysticism).

Background:Cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) is a useful method of modifying cardiovascular risk factors, improving life expectancy and quality of life in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Methods: This Quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design was conducted on 80 patients with IHD who had participated in CRP after undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Echocardiography was performed before the beginning of CRP (the 1st session) and at the end of the rehabilitation sessions, and ventricular function indices (ejection fraction), PASP (using the tricuspid regurgitation velocity), and LVEDP (using Nagueh formula: 1.24×E/e´+1.9) were measured. Results: Ejection fraction (EF) was changed from 49.3 ± 7.8 before rehabilitation to 50.7 ± 7.4 after rehabilitation, which was a statistically significant difference (P=0.003). The pulmonary artery systolic pressure altered from 30.3 ± 8.4 before rehabilitation to 27.3 ± 6.6 after rehabilitation. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) changed from 10.5 ± 3.7 before rehabilitation to 9.1 ± 2.9 after rehabilitation, which was a statistically significant difference (P= 0.000). Conclusion: According to the results, LVEDP and PASP in patients with IHD who underwent CABGs decreased after cardiac rehabilitation.

It is crucial for teachers to be happy at work, because they can do their best. This study was conducted to determine the role of attachment styles, love styles and emotional expressiveness in predicting the happiness of married teachers. The research method was descriptive-cross sectional and correlational. A total of 260 teachers from Rudsar city were randomly selected through a two-stage cluster sampling among 30 schools. They responded to Oxford Happiness Inventory, Beshart's Attachment Styles, King and Emmons Emotional Expressiveness Questionnare and Sternberg Love Styles Scales. Correlation analysis showed that happiness has direct relationships with the secure attachment style, the style of love, such as intimacy, passion and the commitment and expressiveness of excitement, and has an inverse relationship with insecure and ambivalent attachment style. The results of t-test showed that the mean of happiness in men's group is significantly higher than in comparision with women. Regression analysis in the men group showed that secure attachment style and love-commitment style were positively and significantly, and avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles negatively predicted 40% of the variance in happiness scores. In the women's group, it was also found that ambivalent attachment style negativly and emotional expressiveness positively predicted 52% of happiness scores. Overall, it can be said that attachment styles, committed love (especially in men) and emotional expressiveness (especially in women) can explain the happiness of the teachers' community by influencing how they interact and communicate.

The anomalous origin of a hypoplastic Left Vertebral Artery (LVA) from the aortic arch is a rare anatomic variant. This study discusses the case of a patient with a C1 lateral mass tumor that surrounded a dominant Right Vertebral Artery (RVA) according to preoperative computed tomography angiography, with a hypoplastic LVA originating from the aortic arch. Surgery was performed, and the patient recovered uneventfully. To date, no study has reported the simultaneous association of two variations (origin and diameter) in the LVA. A deep understanding of abnormalities in the diameter and origin of LVA is a must for neurosurgeons as well as for thoracic and vascular surgeons to conduct surgical procedures.

Ganglioneuroma is a benign tumor, originating from sympathetic nervous system. Intradural and dumbbell shape spinal ganglioneuroma has been reported in the literature. In this study, we intend to present our case, a 43-year-old man with multiple cutaneous dimples—probably a Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF-1) case—and subacute myelopathy, who presented with bilateral symmetric dumbbell shape C2/C3 and C4/C5 intradural extramedullary tumors. After resection, the pathologic feature was revealed as ganglioneuroma. We also reviewed the literature for similar cases, which revealed our case to be the 9th bilateral and symmetrical spinal GN, all of which in cervical region; the 5th involving multiple level (the 3rd multiple bilateral symmetrical involvement), the 3rd extending intradurally, and the first case of involving all cervical nerve root ganglions in different sizes. Bilateral symmetrical spinal GNs have also appeared to have different body location, geographic, and gender distribution.

Background: Individuals with vision loss are at an increased risk of falls. Understanding what factors contribute to postural instability within this population is a necessary step towards the development of training programs and rehabilitation targeted at reduction of falls in this population. The aim of this study was to assess the balance recovery during manipulation of somatosensory, vision, and vestibular system in healthy and blind persons. Methods: This causal-comparative study, thirty healthy (28.18±0.47 years) and blind (29.22±0.24 years) subjects were selected as samples. Balance recovery strategies in various situations were recorded by six high-speed cameras after sudden movement of a treadmill. Independent T-test test was used for data analysis. Results: The results of this study indicated that the mean of hip and ankle swings in different conditions was significantly higher in the blind group than in the healthy group, both in the anterior-posterior and posterior-anterior disturbances. There was also a significant difference between the ratio of hip/ ankle ROM (the dominant strategy for balance recovery) in all situations (P

A modified electrochemical sensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with CoFe2O4 nanoparticle and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate was fabricated for benserazide determination. In the first step, CoFe2O4 nanoparticle were synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized by TEM method. In continuous and at optimum condition, the prepared sensor showed dynamic range between 0.1-350.0 μM with detection limit 0.05μM for determination of benserazide. The diffusion coefficient was determined by chronoamperometric method. The proposed sensor showed good selectivity for determination of benserazide in the presence of usual interferences. Finally, the modified sensor was used for determination of benserazide in pharmaceutical and biological samples and showed the high ability for analysis of this drug in real samples.

Purpose: Sensory systems play an essential role in motor control. The lack of information about each of these systems can affect postural sway. This study aimed to assess balance recovery during the manipulation of somatosensory, visual, and vestibular systems in deaf persons. Methods: Thirty healthy and deaf subjects were selected as samples. Balance recovery strategies in various situations were recorded by 6 high-speed cameras after a sudden movement of the treadmill. The Independent t-test was used for data analysis (P≤0.05). Results: The results of this study showed that the mean of hip and ankle swings in different conditions was significantly higher in the deaf group than the healthy group except for the reference position, both in the anterior-posterior and posterior-anterior perturbations. However, there was no significant difference between the ratios of hip-to-ankle swings in all situations except for the third position. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the effectiveness of all sensory systems involved in balance recovery in healthy people was significantly better than the deaf persons. The dominant sensory system for restoring balance in healthy people is the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems, respectively. While deaf people have a greater reliance on somatosensory information and, then, the visual system. The negative effect of the weakness of visual information in the process of staring can be useful in reducing the effectiveness of the visual system in balance control of the deaf persons.

In this study we suggested a new strategy for drug delivery of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) as a cancer drug by loading of this thiolic drug at a surface of Au nanoparticles. For this goal, we synthesized Au nanoparticle (Au/NPs) by reduction of tetrachloroauric (III) acid solutions by sodium borohydride and characterized Au/NPs by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Results showed good distribution of synthesized Au nanoparticle with diameter ~ 5 nm. In the second step, we loaded 6-thioguanine with strong Au-S bond by addition of this drug to Au nanoparticle suspension and characterized it by UV-Vis method. Furthermore, Au nanoparticle loaded with 6-thioguanine was utilized as a new system against breast cancer cell line (MCF7). IC50 for free 6-thioguanine, unloaded Au nanoparticle and 6-thioguanine loaded Au nanoparticle (6-TG/Au/NPs) were >15.0, 80.0 and 3.5 μg/ml, respectively. The results obtained revealed high cytotoxicity effect of 6-TG/Au/NPs on breast cancer cell line.

Background & Aim: Depression is common among cardiac patients, especially patients with heart failure and leads to a poor prognosis. This study aimed to assess the effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure, attending the Cardiac Rehabilitation Center. Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, 60 patients with NYHA class II and III heart failure who referred to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Center of Shafa Hospital affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2015 were randomly assigned into two groups of 30 patients. Subjects in the intervention group participated in a supervised 8-week exercise program, 3 days per week, while those in the control group only received standard routine care. Data were collected before and after the intervention by the demographic form and the Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-8). Data analysis was done by Chi-Square, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U and Nonparametric ANCOVA tests using the SPSS version 21 and R software. Results: The two groups were homogeneous in terms of depression score before the intervention. The median and interquartile range of the score of depression were 10 (5.25) in the control group and 8.5 (9.25) in the intervention group which showed a significant difference (P=0.042). By adjusting the variables of the duration of the disease and the pre-test scores of depression symptoms by non-parametric covariance test, the difference between the two groups was also significant. Conclusion: Exercise can reduce depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure. Clinical trial registry: IRCT201605107844N10

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a prevalent infection occurs in intensive care unit (ICU) accompanied with increased complications and mortality. In this study, effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash versus herbal stop-snoring mouthwash on VAP among ICU admitted patients have been compared. Methods: 86 patients admitted at ICU were randomly divided to two equal groups including; group C treated with chlorhexidine mouthwash and group S treated with stop-snoring mouthwash. Patients of both groups were similarlytreated for three times a day (including amount, technique and times of mouth washing). Time of incidence and frequency of VAP were compared in two groups. Findings: 74.41% of group S and 62.79%of group C presented VAP (P-value = 0.353). 22.22% of patients presented VAP in first-5-days and 77.77% after 5 days and in group S while 6.25% of patients of group C presented VAP in first-5-days and 93.75% after 5 days(P-value = 0.126). Conclusion: Time of VAP incidence or frequency of VAP was not different using chlorhexidine mouthwash versus herbal stop-snoring mouthwash for prevention of VAP.