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Abstract Background: The B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein is one of the members of the BCL-2 associated X (BAX) protein family that acts as an inducer of apoptosis. Objective: The present study aims to investigate the association between BAX and BCL-2 gene expression with reproductive outcome, in cases undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 50 men were divided into healthy fertile and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic infertile men (n = 25/each). They were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and semen analysis. Expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The DNA fragmentation index was measured using the sperm chromatin dispersion assay technique. Using World Health Organization criteria, sperm parameters were evaluated. Results: Evaluation of apoptosis-related genes showed that oligoasthenoteratozoospermic significantly increased mRNA expression of BAX, and significantly decreased mRNA expression of BCL-2, when compared with control. Moreover, the BAX/BCL-2 ratio was significantly higher in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic compared to the normozoospermic group (p = 0.01). Also, this study showed that the BAX and BCL-2 genes expression had a significant correlation with sperm quality, and DNA fragmentation in the oligoasthenoteratozoospermic group (p = 0.01). The oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men, had a considerably lower proportion of fertilization rate and good-quality embryos at the cleavage stage than the normozoospermic subjects (p = 0.01). A significant correlation was observed between the expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes, fertilization, and embryo quality (p = 0.01). Conclusion: We concluded that the sperm BAX/BCL-2 ratio demonstrates a significant correlation with fertilization rate and embryo quality.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigating of effectiveness of mindfulness-based parenting on mother's parenting stress in children with oppositional defiant disorder in primary school students. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group. In this research, the statistical population of the present study was all mothers with children with oppositional defiant disorder in Tehran city during the academic year of 2022-2023. First, 30 people were selected by randomly selected into two experimental and control groups were replaced (15 experimental people and 15 control people). In this study, for people experimental group was implemented in parenting based on mindfulness, but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. The instruments used in this study include oppositional defiant disorder rating scale (ODDRS) of Hommersen and et al (2006) and parenting stress index–short form (PSI-SF) of Abidin and et al (2006). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (analysis of covariance). Results: Results indicated that mindfulness-based parenting significantly improvement on parenting stress in mothers and oppositional defiant disorder (P

Objective: Muscle atrophy due to immobility is a common complication of many diseases and a consequence of therapeutic processes. Immobility and inactivity have been shown to be associated with increased inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of Wild Bitter Melon (WBM) (Momordica charantia Linn) on muscle atrophy due to immobility in a mouse model.Materials and Methods: This study was performed in two phases of atrophy and recovery on male BALB/c mice which were divided into 3 groups: control, immobilized, and experimental. The treatment period with WBM at a dose of 400 mg/kg daily by gavage was 17 days, including 7 days of being immobilized and 10 days of recovery. At the end of each phase, half of the mice from each group were examined regarding the four limb grip strength, and then histological and biochemical analyses were done.Results: The tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) oxidative stress index in the atrophy phase in the atrophy group (5.4567±0.522) nmol/g compared to the control group (3.455±0.065) nmol significantly (p 0.001)

Muscle atrophy due to limb immobilization and inactivity is a common consequence of many diseases and treatment processes. One of the systems activated in inflammatory conditions is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of one of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, enalapril, on improving muscle atrophy caused by immobility. The study was conducted in three groups: a control, an atrophy, and an atrophy group treated with enalapril on Balb/c mice. After tying a splint to cause atrophy in one of the legs, daily treatment with enalapril intraperitoneally (dissolved in DMSO) at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day was done for 7 days. On the eighth day, the splint was opened and half of the mice were evaluated. Then, in the recovery phase, treatment with enalapril was continued in the remaining mice for 10 days without a splint. At the end of each phase, the mice were examined for the muscle strength of the lower limb muscles, and histological and biochemical analyses were subsequently carried out. The tissue level of the oxidative stress index MDA was evaluated, which showed a significantly lower level in the enalapril group compared to the atrophy group (*P

The brain is sensitive to oxidative stress, which can trigger microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Antioxidant therapies may provide neuroprotection against oxidative stress. In recent years antioxidant effects of probiotics and their possible mechanisms in oxidative stress-related models have been determined. In the current study, for the first time, we assessed the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on oxidative stress provoked by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the rat brain. Four groups of animals were used, including the control, LPS, S. boulardii + LPS, and S. boulardii groups. All animals received either saline or S. boulardii (1010 CFU) by gavage for four weeks. Between days 14 and 22, all animals received either LPS (250 μg/kg) or saline by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. S. boulardii was able to inhibit lipid peroxidation and prevent the reduction of antioxidant levels, including glutathione and catalase in the model of oxidative stress induced by LPS in the rat hippocampus and cortex. Also, it increased the lowered ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione in both tissues. Serum levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 increased and decreased, respectively. S. boulardii has potential antioxidant activities in oxidative stress-related model, possibly modulating gut microbiota, immune defense, and antioxidant enzyme activities that can be considered in preventing oxidative stress-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

Abstract The modulating factors within the tumor microenvironment, for example, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), may limit the response to chemo and immunotherapy protocols in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the current study, the therapeutic potential of targeting the TGF-β pathway using Pirfenidone (PFD), a TGF-β inhibitor, either alone or in combination with five fluorouracil (5-FU) has been explored in preclinical models of CRC. The anti-proliferative and migratory effects of PFD were assessed by MTT and wound-healing assays respectively. Xenograft models were used to study the anti-tumor activity, histopathological, and side effects analysis. Targeting of TGF-β resulted in suppression of cell proliferation and migration, associated with modulation of survivin and MMP9/E-cadherin. Moreover, the PFD inhibited TGF-β induced tumor progression, fibrosis, and inflammatory response through perturbation of collagen and E-cadherin. Targeting the TGF-β pathway using PFD may increase the anti-tumor effects of 5-FU and reduce tumor development, providing a new therapeutic approach to CRC treatment.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women, so novel therapeutic approaches are needed to improve the effectiveness of current therapies or extend their activity. In recent decades, graphene analogs, such as Mxene, an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) graphene analogs, have been drawing considerable attention based on their intrinsic physicochemical properties and performance as potential candidates for tumor therapy, particularly for therapeutic purposes. Here we explored the targeted drug delivery in cervical cancer in in vivo model. Mxene-based nanocarriers are not able to be precisely controlled in cancer treatment.Method: To solve this problem, the titanium carbide-magnetic core-shell nanocarrier (Ti3C2-Fe3O4@SiO2-FA) is also developed to provide synergetic anticancer with magnetic controlling ability along with pH-responsive drug release. A xenograft model of the cervix was used to investigate the effects of Cisplatin alone, or in combination with Ti3C2@FA and Ti3C2@ Fe3O4@SiO2-FA, on tumor growth following histological staining for evaluation of necrosis.Result and Discussion: A significant tumor-growth suppression effect is shown when the Ti3C2-Fe3O4@SiO2-FA nanocarrier is magnetically controlled Cisplatin drug release. It reveals a synergistic therapeutic efficacy used in conjunction with pharmaceuticals (p < .001). According to the in vivo study, the Ti3C2@FA@Cisplatin nanocomposite exhibits less tumor growth than the drug alone or Ti3C2@FA@Cisplatin via increasing necrosis effect (p < .001). Through this study, Mxene nanosheets are expanded for biomedical applications, not only through the fabrication of biocompatible magnetic Mxene nanocomposite but also through the development of functionalization strategies that enable the magnetic Ti3C2 nanocomposite to load high levels of Cisplatin for cervical cancer treatment (242.5%). Hence, Ti3C2-Fe3O4@SiO2-FA nanocarriers would be promising candidates to improve cancer treatment efficiency.

Potassium ion (K+) channels are pore-forming transmembrane proteins that control the transport of K+ ions. Medicinal plants are widely used as complementary therapies for several disorders. Studies have shown that the modulation of K+ channels is most likely involved in various pharmacological effects of medicinal plants. This review aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of medicinal plants and their active constituents on K+ channels under pathological conditions. This systematic review was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guideline. Four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, embase, and Scopus, were searched. We identified 687 studies from these databases, from which we selected 13 in vivo studies for the review by using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study (PICOS) tool. The results of the 13 selected studies showed a modulatory effect of medicinal plants or their active constituents on ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP), and small (SKCa) and large (BKCa) conductance calcium-activated K+ channels in several pathological conditions such as nociception, brain ischemia, seizure, diabetes, gastric ulcer, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, and hypertension via possible involvement of the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway and protein kinase. K+ channels should be considered as significant therapeutic milestones in the treatment of several diseases. We believe that understanding the mechanism behind the interaction of medicinal plants with K+ channels can facilitate drug development for the treatment of various K+ channel-related disorders.

The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive investigation of the obstacles and factors affecting optimal implementation of Value-Added Tax Act (the VAT Act) and to propose an effective model using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), The population of this study includes the taxpayers and tax officials in Zanjan Province. Relevant literature and previous studies were reviewed and the obstacles and factors affecting the optimal implementation of the VAT Act were identified. The detected obstacles and factors were verified by expert opinion. After that, the identified obstacles were classified into four main categories, namely, structural, administrative, cultural and finally economic and political obstacles and the effective factors were classified into four main categories, including, human resources, taxpayers, tax system and legal factors. Then, the questionnaires were distributed among the taxpayers and tax officials and the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and Amos software. The results indicate that both obstacles, i.e., the structural, administrative, cultural and economic and political obstacles and effective factors, i.e., human resources, taxpayers, tax system and legal factors have positive and significant relationship with the optimal implementation of VAT Act; in other words, these obstacles and factors exert a considerable influence on the optimal implementation of the VAT Act. The innovation of this research is that a wide range of the obstacles and factors affecting optimal implementation of VAT Act were identified and ranked. Considering the resistance economy and increasing pressure of sanctions, identifying the obstacles and factors affecting optimal implementation of VAT Act can be a major step forward in boosting tax revenues and reducing the government's dependence on oil resources.

Background and purpose: Today, due to the reduction of water resources, separation of gray water from domestic wastewater and its reuse has gained more interest. The aim of this study was to apply multi-layer filtration (MLF) for removal of nutrients from gray water. Materials and methods: This laboratory-scale study was carried out in 2.3-19.2 gr. COD / L. d organic loading rates (OLR) over a period of 157 days. In this study, synthetic gray water was used as input to the multi-layer filter. The MLF system included three layers: sand, silica, and granular activated carbon. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were used to determine the biofilm formation on the media surface. Results: The best removal efficiencies of COD, BOD5, TKN, and TP were 98.87, 99.84, 99.5, and 98% achieved in OLR 19.2, 12.8, (13.2, 4.6) gCOD/l.d, SOR 5.76, 2.88, and 5.77 m/hr, respectively. The study on the effect of loading rate revealed that by increase in OLR, the system efficiency to remove BOD5 and COD increased. Nevertheless, for TKN and TP, the efficiency decreased with increase in OLR. Also, according to SEM images, biofilm had grown well in the media, which can be effective in removing pollutants from gray water. Conclusion: Using multilayer filtration could be an appropriate option in removing nutrients from gray water in different loadings.

Introduction: In recent times, one of the most important purposes of sustainable development has been defined as the protection of environmental health. Using appropriate and innovative infrastructures such as nanotechnology is a solution to walk along the path of sustainable development and solves many environmental problems. The purpose of this study is to review the application of carbon nanotubes in the removal of environmental pollutants, based on conducted studies. Materials and Methods: All scientific data related to the issue were collected from scientific databases of Google Scholar, Scopus, Elsevier, and SID to evaluate and conduct the study. Keywords such as carbon nanotubes, environmental pollutant, sustainable development, and environmental health were used. 85 articles were also used in this review research (1993–2016). Results: Based on the evaluated studies, the results indicated that common methods of sewage treatment are not enough to remove the mentioned environmental pollutants completely. In the mentioned methods, despite high decomposition, the amount of mineralization has been reduced and the toxicity of wastewaters has remained unchanged or has increased. Adsorption has been propounded due to its simplicity and lower energy consumption compared with other methods. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are unique one-dimensional macromolecules which have high thermal resistance and chemical stability. Adsorption through CNT as the adsorbent in the treatment of drinking water and sewage polluted with pharmaceutical, petroleum, heavy metal, and leachate pollutants has been studied widely. Conclusion: This study indicated CNT as effective adsorbents that have high potential to protect the environment and promote sustainable development.

Introduction: Detergents lead to many environmental problems. The main aim of this study was to evaluate sequencing batch reactor (SBR) efficiency on Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) removal. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, to investigate the removal efficiency of LAS, a SBR reactor was used. A roughly 12-hour operating cycle was chosen which included the discharge time (30 min), the filling time (60 min), and sedimentation (1 hr), while the remaining time was devoted to aerating. In this research 48 samples were taken and analyzed. Sampling and testing were performed according to the standard methods of water and wastewater examination. Results: The results showed that minimum and maximum removal efficiencies of LAS in SBR reactor were 92 % and 99.5 %, respectively. The average removal of COD was 92 %. It was observed that 1 mg/l used surfactants produced 2.3 ± 0.3 mg COD. Conclusion: It can be concluded that SBR reactor is capable of removing LAS to meet desirable environmental standards.

Introduction: Antibiotics as a type of pharmaceutical compounds are widely used in modern medicine and veterinary industries. They enter the environment in different ways, including agricultural runoff, direct discharge of urban wastewater treatment or human waste, direct disposal of medical, veterinary industrial waste and to name but a few. Antibiotics have been able to influence the microbial population. Their continuous presence in the environment can lead to bacterial resistance and in recent years, the issue has caused serious concerns in the scientific community. Materials and Methods: Unfortunately, in spite of the extensive investigations, there is still a considerable lack of integrated and classified information to assess the environmental risks of antibiotics. Therefore, in the current study, the removal of these compounds from aqueous solutions was studied. This study was carried out on the basis of surveys accomplished in recent decades and also the ones published in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Springer, Magiran and SID using anti-bacterial agents, antibiotic, wastewater and removal methods as the keywords. Results: Advanced treatment processes such as ozonation, advanced oxidation, activated carbon, Nano filtration and reverse osmosis can remove higher levels of antibiotics. Conclusion: Generally, the biological and chemical processes alone are not effective for antibiotics' removal from aquatic environments while combination of advanced oxidation and biological treatment processes can effectively reduce the amount of antibiotic.

Background: Considering the importance of knowledge about anatomical variations in the left atrium (LA) and its nearby structures for clinical decision-making and the lack of pertinent studies on Iranian patients, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of LA diverticula and accessory appendages and the origins of the sinoatrial (SA) nodal artery in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, 45 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing preprocedural computed tomography angiography were enrolled. The prevalence rates of LA diverticula and accessory appendages and the origins of the SA nodal artery were determined and compared according to the patients' age and gender. Results: The origin of the SA nodal artery was R1 (medial to right auricle) in 30 patients (66.7%), L1 (medial to left auricle) in 11 patients (24.4%), and both R1 and L1 in 1 patient. The origin in the remaining 3 subjects was L2 (posterior to auricle), L3 (posterior to left atrium), and R2 (posterior to right atrium). The prevalence rates of LA diverticula and accessory appendages were 48.9% and 17.8%, respectively. Diverticula were seen in 34.8% and 63.6% of the patients younger and older than 50 years, respectively (P = 0.050). Also, accessory appendages were present in 30.4% and 4.5% of the patients younger and older than 50 years, respectively (P = 0.047). There was no significant association for age (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of the present study show that the main supplying artery of the SA nodal artery was R1 from the right coronary artery. The prevalence rates of LA diverticula and accessory appendages were higher than those reported previously.

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Artificial intelligence is a rapidly emerging and crucial technology that has significantly impacted various fields, including public policy. This qualitative research aims to identify the potential applications of artificial intelligence in the public sector policy-making process. It involves extracting 339 basic themes that align with the research goal, creating 33 organizing themes from these basic themes, and classifying these concepts into four overarching themes that cover the applications, methods, advantages, and challenges of artificial intelligence in the public policy cycle. Based on the research findings, one critical application of this technology in public policy-making is prioritizing issues based on society's actual needs and demands. It also aids in diagnosing issues and problems by recognizing patterns in big data, leading to the formulation of evidence-based policies. Additionally, using methods such as machine learning algorithms, neural networks, and natural language processing has advantages such as increased intelligence and dynamism in the policy formulation process. As a result, this technology can be more efficiently applied in the public policy cycle, allowing policymakers to play a more effective role. However, several challenges require further investigation, such as ethical issues in data usage, human resource gaps, management biases, and security challenges.

Substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) technology can eliminate the limitations associated with conventional rectangular waveguides, i.e., bulky structures and production complexity at higher frequencies. Moreover, SIW technology replaces microstrip structures eliminating the drawback of excessive radiation leakage at higher frequencies. SIW power dividers are key elements in SIW antenna array synthesis. A SIW power divider’s design procedures are more complicated than conventional microstrip power dividers. However, no comprehensive review with design guidelines of substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) power dividers has been reported. In this paper, different types of SIW power dividers based on their configurations, functionality, and operating principles are analyzed and some recommendations are made for selection purposes. A comprehensive design guideline for SIW power dividers is given in this paper through a comparative study of T- and Y-type SIW junctions. These guidelines are based on key parameters, including insertion loss, isolation, co-phase bandwidth, return loss bandwidth, and phase balancing. This study provides valuable information for selecting and designing the best possible configuration of SIW power dividers for specific applications in microwave and millimeter-wave frequency ranges. A case study of a Ku-band SIW power divider is performed for a Ku-band soil moisture radiometer SIW antenna array.

PMMA/NiO polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) were prepared. NiO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared from reaction of NiCl·6HO with caustic soda, and then calcination of the precipitate obtained at 300 °C for 2 h. Surface of NiO NPs was modified by oleic acid and confirmed through lipophilic degree (LD). The results revealed that LD increased with the rising amount of modifier up to 5 wt% Optimum modification was obtained in 65 °C and 2 h for reaction time. The modified NPs were dispersed in methylmethacrylate (MMA), and PMMA/NiO PNCs were prepared via emulsion polymerization. The NiO NPs, modified NPs and PMMA/NiO PNCs were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and EDX. The average crystallite sizes of NiO were calculated 35 nm from XRD patterns. The results of EDX analysis and FT-IR spectra showed that chains of oleic acid have been successfully grafted on surface of NiO NPs. Morphological observation revealed that NiO NPs were embedded homogeneously in the inner part of PMMA. Thermal stability of PMMA/NiO PNCs was studied using techniques of TGA and DSC. Compared to PMMA, PMMA/NiO PNCs prepared by this method display glass transition temperature that are up to 10 °C higher and thermal degradation temperature that are up to 30 °C higher. The photocatalytic activity of NiO NPs, modified NPs and PMMa/NiO PNCs was investigated in the degradation of methyl orange under UV radiation. The results showed that photocatalytic degradation percentage (PDP) of methyl orange decreases when NiO NPs modified by oleic acid and/ or grafted on PMMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems with the capability to radiate waves in more than one pattern and polarization are playing a key role in modern telecommunication and radar systems. This is possible with the use of antenna arrays as they offer advantages of high gain and beamforming capability, which can be utilized for controlling radiation pattern for electromagnetic (EM) interference immunity in wireless systems. However, with the growing demand for compact array antennas, the physical footprint of the arrays needs to be smaller and the consequent of this is severe degradation in the performance of the array resulting from strong mutual-coupling and crosstalk effects between adjacent radiating elements. This review presents a detailed systematic and theoretical study of various mutual-coupling suppression (decoupling) techniques with a strong focus on metamaterial (MTM) and metasurface (MTS) approaches. While the performance of systems employing antenna arrays can be enhanced by calibrating out the interferences digitally, however it is more efficient to apply decoupling techniques at the antenna itself. Previously various simple and cost-effective approaches have been demonstrated to effectively suppress unwanted mutual-coupling in arrays. Such techniques include the use of defected ground structure (DGS), parasitic or slot element, dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR), decoupling networks, P.I.N or varactor diodes, electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, etc. In this review, it is shown that the mutual-coupling reduction methods inspired By MTM and MTS concepts can provide a higher level of isolation between neighbouring radiating elements using easily realizable and cost-effective decoupling configurations that have negligible consequence on the array's characteristics such as bandwidth, gain and radiation efficiency, and physical footprint.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the most modern technologies in identification and tracking systems. Recently, chipless RFID tags have been invented as a low cost, robust, and adaptive alternative, in order to compete with the traditional barcodes identification. However, due to the passive structure, there are a few drawbacks for chipless RFID tags such as short reading range and limitation of encoding data capacity for chipless RFID tags. Hybrid chipless RFID tags have been invented to cope with the limitation of encoding data capacity. This paper reviews the most recent study on hybrid chipless RFID tags and presents an original work on designing a hybrid chipless RFID tag. A novel 3D encoding technique—frequency, polarisation diversity, and frequency division multiplexing—for chipless RFID tags is proposed. The proposed tag encoding data capacity has increased to 29N, as compared to 22N in the conventional hybrid tags that were reported prior to this study.

In this paper, an ultra-wideband, orthogonally polarized, and high-gain microstrip patch antenna array with $8\times8$ -element for the chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) applications is proposed. This planar-structure antenna has a high front-to-back ratio in a wide frequency band. The element comprises an interleaved aperture-coupled dual polarized stacked microstrip patch antenna with air gaps and complementary back reflectors. The stacked patch elements are etched on Taconic TLX-8 substrate and the complementary back reflectors are etched on FR-4. The presence of back reflectors reduces the back-lobe level significantly. The antenna array operates over 4.2–7.1 GHz and yields 26-dBi gain. Overall, the antenna yields 51.3% fractional bandwidth centred at 5.65 GHz. The antenna can read a multi-bit chipless RFID at a distance of 8 m with a transmit power of −10 dBm.

Background and Objectives: Today, use of herbal products for treatment of neurological disorders, including anxiety has become commonplace. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Pistacia atlantica kurdica and fluvoxamine on anxiety-like behavior in male rats under immobilization stress. Methods: In this experimental study, 30 mature male wistar rats weighting 170±30g, were divided into 5 groups of 6 each. To induce immobilization stress in the treatment groups, the restrainer was used, and to assess the anxiety-like behavior, the plus-maze test was used, and administration of extract of pistachio (400mg/kg) and fluvoxamine (120mg/kg) was performed through gavage. At the end, the levels of malondialdehyde and catalase in the brain homogenate as well as corticosterone and glucose in serum samples, were measured. Results: According to evaluation indices for anxiety-like behavior in mice, the effects of pistachio extract had significant difference compared to stress group. This extract improved the anxiety-like behavior with increasing the time spent in the open arms of the maze in the groups treated with the extract and extract+drug compared to the stress group. Also, the extract increased the catalase and decreased malondialdehyde, glucose, and corticosterone levels in extract and extract+drug treatment groups compared to control group. Increased time spent in the open arms, increased catalase, and decreased malondialdehyde and corticosterone, were observed in the fluvoxamine treated group. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the immobilization stress-induced anxiety-like behavior in animals, decreased by hydroalcoholic extract of pistachio and/or by fluvoxamine in the treatment groups