Search

Background: In addition to physical discomfort, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis imposes a significant financial and psychosocial burden, such as lower levels of self-esteem, a higher level of stress, clinical depression, and less satisfaction with their life. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis interferes with emotional and sexual relationships. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of vaginal Salvia officinalis, clotrimazole, and their combination on the prevention of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Methods: This randomized triple-blinded trial was conducted on 111 women aged 18-49 years with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Participants were randomly assigned into one of the three groups of vaginal tablets of Salvia officinalis 400 mg and placebo of clotrimazole 100 mg, clotrimazole 100 mg and placebo of Salvia Officinalis 400 mg, or Salvia officinalis and clotrimazole that were applied every night for 7 consecutive days. A recurrence rate of vulvovaginal candidiasis was evaluated by WET test and vaginitis symptoms examination after 12 weeks. In the case of positive evaluation, the culture of vaginal discharge was performed. Results: Totally, 29 patients (80.6%) in group clotrimazole, 33 patients (94.3%) in group Salvia Officinalis and 35 patients (97.2%) in group Salvia officinalis-clotrimazole were treated (P = 0.43). Out of cured patients, 4 (13.8%) patients in the group clotrimazole, 1 patient (3%) in group Salvia Officinalis, and no case in group Salvia officinalis-clotrimazole experienced the recurrence of infection. There was a significant difference among the 3 groups in terms of recurrence (P = 0.023). Moreover, no adverse event during the 12 weeks after treatment was observed. Conclusion: Adjuvant therapy of Salvia Officinalis alongside routine vaginal clotrimazole could successfully prevent recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis after three months. Clinical Trial Registration Number: IRCT2017020227311N4

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown diverse life-threatening effects, most of which are considered short-term. In addition to its short-term effects, which has claimed many millions of lives since 2019, the long-term complications of this virus are still under investigation. Similar to many oncogenic viruses, it has been hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 employs various strategies to cause cancer in different organs. These include leveraging the renin angiotensin system, altering tumor suppressing pathways by means of its nonstructural proteins, and triggering inflammatory cascades by enhancing cytokine production in the form of a "cytokine storm" paving the way for the emergence of cancer stem cells in target organs. Since infection with SARS-CoV-2 occurs in several organs either directly or indirectly, it is expected that cancer stem cells may develop in multiple organs. Thus, we have reviewed the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the vulnerability and susceptibility of specific organs to cancer development. It is important to note that the cancer-related effects of SARS-CoV-2 proposed in this article are based on the ability of the virus and its proteins to cause cancer but that the long-term consequences of this infection will only be illustrated in the long run.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that is considered linked to genetic and environmental factors such as stress. Since the neurotransmitter dopamine has a close association with stress configuration, it can be a candidate for relieving psoriasis representation. In addition to the CNS, immune cells can play a decisive role in regulating immune functions through dopamine synthesis and the expression of its receptors. Altered response of immune cells to dopamine as well as a distorted expression of dopamine receptors (DRs) in immune cells have been reported in some chronic inflammatory conditions. Objective: This study aims the evaluation of dopamine receptor (DR1-DR5) gene expression in mononuclear blood cells of psoriatic patients in comparison with normal individuals. Method: We isolated peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from blood samples followed by total RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and real-time PCR using specific primer pairs. Result: We found that all types of DRs are expressed in the PBMCs of normal and psoriatic individ-uals. We also concluded that compared to controls, DR2 and DR4 were overexpressed in psoriasis patients while DR3 was low-expressed. Conclusion: Increased expression of DR2 and DR4 along with decreased expression of DR3 in PBMCs of psoriasis patients not only provide new insight into the pathogenesis of psoriasis but may also be effective in designing future therapeutic strategies attributable to psoriasis.

The development of hindlimbs in tetrapod species relies specifically on the transcription factor TBX4. In humans, heterozygous loss-offunction TBX4 mutations cause dominant small patella syndrome (SPS) due to haploinsufficiency. Here, we characterize a striking clinical entity in four fetuses with complete posterior amelia with pelvis and pulmonary hypoplasia (PAPPA). Through exome sequencing, we find that PAPPA syndrome is caused by homozygous TBX4 inactivating mutations during embryogenesis in humans. In two consanguineous couples, we uncover distinct germline TBX4 coding mutations, p.Tyr113* and p.Tyr127Asn, that segregated with SPS in heterozygous parents and with posterior amelia with pelvis and pulmonary hypoplasia syndrome (PAPPAS) in one available homozygous fetus. A complete absence of TBX4 transcripts in this proband with biallelic p.Tyr113* stop-gain mutations revealed nonsense-mediated decay of the endogenous mRNA. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TBX4 deletion in Xenopus embryos confirmed its restricted role during leg development. We conclude that SPS and PAPPAS are allelic diseases of TBX4 deficiency and that TBX4 is an essential transcription factor for organogenesis of the lungs, pelvis, and hindlimbs in humans., European Union (European Union); Horizon 2020; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme; National Medical Research Council Open Fund-Young Individual Research Grant (OF-YIRG); Kom op tegen Kanker (Stand up to Cancer), the Flemish cancer society; Strategic Positioning Fund on Genetic Orphan Diseases from A*STAR, Singapore

Background: Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer mortality in both men and women. Up to 80% of lung cancers are Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With regards to the role of serotonin, as an autocrine growth factor for small-cell lung cancer cells and gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) and its receptors as a regulator in many types of cancers; the current study was conducted to investigate the expression of serotonin and GABA gene receptors in lung cancer patients. Methods: Relative gene expression of two 5-hydroxytryptamine subtypes (5HTR2A and 5-HTR3A) and GABAB receptor was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from 30 NSCLC patients visited in Imam Khomeini hospital, Tehran and 30 healthy controls. Results: Our results demonstrated that the expression of 5HTR3A, 5HTR2A and GABAB R genes was significantly higher in patients compared to the healthy individuals. Conclusion: According to our findings, 5-HT and GABA may be involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis via their receptors, thus playing an important role in lung cancer.

AIM To determine the effect of vaginal tablet of Salvia officinalis, alone and in combination with Clotrimazole, on the recovery of Vulvovaginal candidiasis. METHODS In this triple-blind randomized controlled trial, 111 participants were randomly assigned into three groups of 37 patients using block randomization with block sizes of 6 and 9, and allocation ratio of 1:1:1: 100 mg vaginal tablet of Clotrimazole and Placebo (CP), 400 mg vaginal tablet of S. officinalis and Placebo (SP), and vaginal tablet of S. officinalis and Clotrimazole (SC), once daily for 7 days. On the seventh day after the treatment was ended up, Vulvovaginal candidiasis were examined by vaginal symptoms and wet test, and if positive, they were examined by culture in chrome agar Candida medium. RESULTS Socio-demographic characteristics was similar (P > 0.05). Thirty-six, 36 and 35 patients, respectively in CP, SC and SP groups recruited in the study. The frequency of a positive wet test confirmed by Sabrodextrose agar medium 7 days after treatment was significantly lower in SC group than the reference group of CP (adjusted odds ratio = 0.09, 95% confidence interval: 0.93-0.932, P = 0.043). There was no significant difference between SP and CP group (P = 0.071, 95% confidence interval: 0.032-1.151, adjusted odds ratio = 0.192). Also, there was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of vaginal symptoms at the baseline (P > 0.05), however the statistical differences were indicated after the intervention in cheesy discharge, pruritus and Vulvovaginal edema (P

Concerning holonomy theory or in the context of the existence of parallel spinors, Lorentzian manifolds with indecomposable, but non-irreducible holonomy representation have considerable significance. In this paper, we have comprehensively concentrated on conformal deformations of a particular class of four dimensional Lorentzian manifolds with indecomposable, non-irreducible holonomy representation which admit a recurrent light-like vector field. This type of Lorentzian manifolds are denoted by pr-waves and their holonomy algebra is contained in the parabolic algebra \begin{document}$ \big(\mathbb{R}\oplus \mbox{so(2)}\big)\ltimes \mathbb{R}^2 $\end{document} . Moreover, it is mainly illustrated that for an arbitrary conformal diffeomorphism by inducing some specific structural conditions a pr-wave manifold behaves totally analogous to Einstein manifolds. Particularly, it is demonstrated that in some special circumstances the structure of a pr-wave manifold is precisely the same as a manifold equipped with a warped product metric.

This paper is dedicated to exhaustive structural analysis of the holonomy invariant foliated cocycles on the tangent bundle of an arbitrary ( m + n ) " role="presentation"> ( m + n ) ( m + n ) (m+n) -dimensional manifold. For this purpose, by applying Spencer theory of formal integrability, sufficient conditions for the metric associated with the semispray S " role="presentation"> S S S are determined to extend to a transverse metric for the lifted foliated cocycle on T M " role="presentation"> T M T M TM . Accordingly, this geometric structure converts to a holonomy invariant foliated cocycle on the tangent space, which is totally adapted to the Helmholtz conditions.

The calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L-type, alpha 1S subunit (CACNA1S) gene encodes a skeletal Ca2+ channel which is involved in calcium-dependent processes such as muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release. Mutations in this gene have been accompanied by hypo- and normokalemic periodic paralysis, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. We report the clinical and genetic findings in a patient diagnosed with metabolic myopathy who had episodic attacks of muscle pain and weakness but with no family background of the disease. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) using a panel targeting metabolic myopathy and myotonia genes identified a de novo heterozygous pathogenic variant c.3724AG, p.Arg1242Gly, in exon 30 of CACNA1S. As the second report of this variant, this case may broaden the CACNA1S-related disease spectrum to include normokalemic periodic paralysis.

In this paper, the problem of determining the most general Lie point symmetries group and conservation laws of a well known nonlinear hyperbolic PDE in mathematical physics called the Hunter-Saxton equation (HSE) is analyzed. By applying the basic Lie symmetry method for the HSE, the classical Lie point symmetry operators are obtained. Also, the algebraic structure of the Lie algebra of symmetries is discussed and an optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras of the HSE symmetry algebra which creates the preliminary classification of group invariant solutions is constructed. Particularly, the Lie invariants as well as similarity reduced equations corresponding to infinitesimal symmetries are obtained. Mainly, the conservation laws of the HSE are computed via three different methods including Boyer's generalization of Noether's theorem, first homotopy method and second homotopy method.

This paper is devoted to the comprehensive analysis of the problem of symmetries and conservation laws for the geodesic equations of the Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter (RNdS) black hole with a global monopole. For this purpose, the system of geodesic equations is determined and the corresponding classical Lie point symmetry operators are obtained. An optimal system of one dimensional subalgebras is constructed and a brief discussion about the algebraic structure of the Lie algebra of symmetries is presented. Also, the Noether symmetries of the geodesic Lagrangian is calculated. Finally, by applying two methods including Noether’s theorem and direct method the conservation laws associated to the system of geodesic equations are obtained.

Based on Lie group method, potential symmetry and invariant solutions for generalized quasilinear hyperbolic equations are studied. To obtain the invariant solutions in explicit form, we focus on the physically interesting situations which admit potential symmetries. Then by using the partial Lagrangian approach, we find conservation laws for this equation in three physically interesting cases., Comment: Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(2011) - Springer

In this paper, the problem of determining the largest possible set of symmetries for an important nonlinear dynamical system: the two-dimensional damped Kuramoto—Sivashinsky ((2D) DKS) equation is studied. By applying the basic Lie symmetry method for the (2D) DKS equation, the classical Lie point symmetry operators are obtained. Also, the optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras of the equation is constructed. The Lie invariants as well as similarity reduced equations corresponding to infinitesimal symmetries are obtained. The nonclassical symmetries of the (2D) DKS equation are also investigated.

Problems of thermodynamic phase transition originate inherently in solidification, combustion and various other significant fields. If the transition region among two locally stable phases is adequately narrow, the dynamics can be modeled by an interface motion. This paper is devoted to exhaustive analysis of the invariant solutions for a modified Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation in two spatial and one temporal dimensions is presented. This nonlinear partial differential equation asymptotically characterizes near planar interfaces, which are marginally long-wave unstable. For this purpose, by applying the classical symmetry method for this model the classical symmetry operators are attained. Moreover, the structure of the Lie algebra of symmetries is discussed and the optimal system of subalgebras, which yields the preliminary classification of group invariant solutions is constructed. Mainly, the Lie invariants corresponding to the infinitesimal symmetry generators as well as associated similarity reduced equations are also pointed out. Furthermore, the nonclassical symmetries of this nonlinear PDE are also comprehensively investigated.

Background: Migraine is the most common chronic neurological disorders that may be associated with vasodilatation. According to the role of prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) receptor (PTGIR) in migraine as a receptor, which acts in vasodilatation, we decided to study the changes of PTGIR expression in migraine patients in relation to a suitable control group. Materials and Methods: Extracted mRNA from lymphocytes of 50 cases and 50 controls was used to synthesize cDNA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed, and the data were analyzed. Our results show that PTGIR mRNA expression in cases was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.010). Results: In conclusion, mRNA expression of PTGIR in the blood of people with migraines could be considered as a biomarker. Conclusion: In addition, repression of PTGIR gene expression by methods such as using siRNA is probably suitable for therapy of migraine patients.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common malignancies worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNA-binding site on gene transcripts are reported to play important role in increased risk of CRC in different population. We performed a case–control study using 88 CRC patients and 88 non-cancer counterparts to evaluate the association between NOD2 rs3135500 polymorphism located at 3′ untranslated region of the gene and risk of sporadic CRC. Genotyping of rs3135500 polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) assay. We found a significant association of AA genotype with risk of CRC (adjusted OR 3.100, CI 1.621–5.930, p

Background: To develop a non-invasive screening method for colorectal cancer, we evaluated the methylation of ALX4 gene promoter in serum samples from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and equal number of healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: In serum samples from 25 patients with colorectal cancer and 25 healthy control subjects, isolated serum free-floating DNA was treated with sodium bisulfite and analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) with primers specific for methylated or unmethylated promoter CpG island sequences of the ALX4 gene. Results: Methylation of the ALX4 gene promoter was present in the serum DNA of patients with adenoma and colorectal cancer. A sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 88% were achieved in the detection of promoter methylation in colorectal neoplasia samples. The difference in methylation status of the ALX4 promoter between the patients with colorectal neoplasia and the control group was statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results indicate that this serum free DNA test of methylation of the ALX4 gene promoter is a sensitive and specific method. Therefore in combination with other useful markers it seems ALX4 has the potential of a clinically useful test for the early detection of colorectal cancer.

In this paper, the problem of determining the largest possible set of symmetries for an important nonlinear dynamical system in mathematical physics, the Korteweg–de Vries–Zakharov–Kuznetsov (KdV–ZK) equation, is studied. By applying the basic Lie symmetry method for the KdV–ZK equation, the classical Lie point symmetry operators are obtained. Also, the structure of the Lie algebra of symmetries is discussed and the optimal system of subalgebras of the equation is constructed. The Lie invariants as well as similarity reduced equations corresponding to infinitesimal symmetries are obtained. The non-classical symmetries of the KdV–ZK equation are also investigated.

Despite the great significance of equations with doubly-periodic coefficients in the methods of mathematical physics, the problem of solving Lame-Helmholtz equation still remains to be tackled. Arscott and Moglich method of double-series expansion as well as Malurkar nonlinear integral equation are incapable of reaching the final explicit solution. Our main result consists in obtaining analytic expressions for ellipsoidal wave functions of four species ℰci(sna), ℰsi (i=1,2,3,4) including the well known Lame functions Eci(sna), Esi(sna) as special cases. This is effected by deriving two integro-differential equations with variable coefficients and solving them by integral transform. Generalizing Riemann's idea of P function, we introduce D function to express their transformation properties.

Background: Diagnosis of hereditary hearing loss (HHL) as a heterogeneous disorder is very important especially in countries with high rates of consanguinity where the autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance is prevalent. Techniques such as next-generation sequencing, a comprehensive genetic test using targeted genomic enrichment and massively parallel sequencing (TGE + MPS), have made the diagnosis more cost-effective. The aim of this study was to determine HHL variants with comprehensive genetic testing in our country. of this study was to determine HHL variants with comprehensive genetic testing in our country. Methods: Fifty GJB2 negative individuals with HHL were referred to the Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, one of the reference diagnostic genetic laboratories in Iran, during a 3-year period between 2014 and 2017. They were screened with the OtoSCOPE test, the targeted genomic enrichment and massively parallel sequencing (TGE + MPS) platform after a detailed history had been taken along with clinical evaluation. Results: Among 32 out of 50 GJB2 negative patients (64%), 34 known pathogenic and novel variants were detected of which 16 (47%) were novel, identified in 10 genes of which the most prevalent were CDH23, MYO7A and MYO15A. Conclusion: These results provide a foundation from which to make appropriate recommendations for the use of comprehensive genetic testing in the evaluation of Iranian patients with hereditary hearing loss.

Purpose: In this paper, a detailed analysis of an important nonlinear model system, the two dimensional generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (2D gKS) equation, is presented by group analysis. Methods: The basic Lie symmetry method is applied in order to determine the general symmetry group of our analyzed nonlinear model. Results: The symmetry group of the equation and some results related to the algebraic structure of the Lie algebra of symmetries are obtained. Also, a complete classification of the subalgebras of the symmetry algebra is resulted. Conclusions: It is proved that the Lie algebra of symmetries admits no three dimensional subalgebra. Mainly, all the group invariant solutions and the similarity reduced equations associated to the infinitesimal symmetries are obtained.