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We report for the first time the direct growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers on nanostructured silicon-on-insulator waveguides. Our results indicate the possibility of utilizing the Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) on nanostructured photonic devices in a scalable process. Direct growth of 2D material on nanostructures rectifies many drawbacks of the transfer-based approaches. We show that the van der Waals material grow conformally across the curves, edges, and the silicon–SiO2 interface of the waveguide structure. Here, the waveguide structure used as a growth substrate is complex not just in terms of its geometry but also due to the two materials (Si and SiO2) involved. A transfer-free method like this yields a novel approach for functionalizing nanostructured, integrated optical architectures with an optically active direct semiconductor.

Funder: European Union's Horizon 2020, Funder: European Union; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780, A simple, large area, and cost-effective soft lithographic method is presented for the patterned growth of high-quality 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Initially, a liquid precursor (Na2 MoO4 in an aqueous solution) is patterned on the growth substrate using the micromolding in capillaries technique. Subsequently, a chemical vapor deposition step is employed to convert the precursor patterns to monolayer, few layers, or bulk TMDs, depending on the precursor concentration. The grown patterns are characterized using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy to reveal their morphological, chemical, and optical characteristics. Additionally, electronic and optoelectronic devices are realized using the patterned TMDs and tested for their applicability in field effect transistors and photodetectors. The photodetectors made of MoS2 line patterns show a very high responsivity of 7674 A W-1 and external quantum efficiency of 1.49 × 106 %. Furthermore, the multiple grain boundaries present in patterned TMDs enable the fabrication of memtransistor devices. The patterning technique presented here may be applied to many other TMDs and related heterostructures, potentially advancing the fabrication of TMDs-based device arrays.

Let $\mathcal A$ and $\mathcal B$ be commutative and semisimple Banach algebras and let $\theta \in \Delta (\mathcal B)$ . In this paper, we prove that $\mathcal A\times _{\theta }\mathcal B$ is a type I-BSE algebra if and only if ${\mathcal A}_e$ and $\mathcal B$ are so. As a main application of this result, we prove that $\mathcal A\times _{\theta }\mathcal B$ is isomorphic with a $C^*$ -algebra if and only if ${\mathcal A}_e$ and $\mathcal B$ are isomorphic with $C^* $ -algebras. Moreover, we derive related results for the case where $\mathcal A$ is unital.

UDC 517.98 Essential amenability of Banach algebras have been defined and investigated. Here, this concept will be introduced for Frechet algebras. Then a number of well-known results of essential amenability of Banach algebras are generalized for Fréchet algebras. Moreover, related results about Segal–Fréchet algebras are provided. As the main result, it is provedthat if ( 𝒜 , p ℓ ) is an amenable Fréchet algebra with a uniformly bounded approximate identity, then every symmetric Segal – Fréchet algebra in ( 𝒜 , p ℓ ) is essentially amenable.

LetGbe an IN-group and 0

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a second-order nonlinear optical process that is not allowed in media with inversion symmetry. However, due to the broken symmetry at the surface, surface SHG still occurs, but is generally weak. We experimentally investigate the surface SHG in periodic stacks of alternating, subwavelength dielectric layers, which have a large number of surfaces, thus enhancing surface SHG considerably. To this end, multilayer stacks of SiO2/TiO2 were grown by Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition (PEALD) on fused silica substrates. With this technique, individual layers of a thickness of less than 2 nm can be fabricated. We experimentally show that under large angles of incidence (> 20 degrees) there is substantial SHG, well beyond the level, which can be observed from simple interfaces. We perform this experiment for samples with different periods and thicknesses of SiO2/TiO2 and our results are in agreement with theoretical calculations.

Let ( K , d ) be a compact metric space, 0 α ≤ 1 and Lip α K the space of the Lipschitz functions on K. It is known that the Banach algebra Lip α K is a BSE-algebra. In this paper, for a commutative unital semisimple Banach algebra A , we prove that the Banach algebra Lip α ( K , A ) of the A -valued Lipschitz functions is a BSE-algebra if and only if A is so.

Let $${\mathcal {H}}$$ be a separable Hilbert space. It is known that the finite sum of Bessel sequences in $${\mathcal {H}}$$ is still a Bessel sequence. But the finite sum of generalized notions of frames does not necessarily remain stable in its initial form. In this paper, for a prescribed Bessel sequence $$F=\{f_n\}_{n=1}^\infty $$ , we introduce and study $${\mathcal {KF}}$$ , the set consisting of all operators $$K\in {\mathcal {B}}({\mathcal {H}})$$ , such that $$\{f_n\}_{n=1}^\infty $$ is a K-frame. We show that $${\mathcal {KF}}$$ is a right ideal of $${\mathcal {B}}({\mathcal {H}})$$ . We indicate by an example that $${\mathcal {KF}}$$ is not necessarily a left ideal. Moreover, we provide some sufficient conditions for the finite sum of K-frames to be a K-frame. We also use some examples to compare our results with existing ones. These examples demonstrate that our achievements do not depend on the available results. Furthermore, we study the same subject for K-g-frames and controlled frames and get some similar significant results.

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a significant health issue due to Candida spp. Although Candida albicans is considered a major causative agent of vaginal candidiasis, non-albicans species have increased during previous decades. Objectives: This research aimed at molecular identification and assessing antifungal susceptibility of VVC isolated Candida spp. Methods: A professional physician examined two hundred and ninety-five suspected females with vaginitis. The specimens were collected by sterile cotton swabs. Swabs were inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates and then incubated for 48 - 72 hours at 35°C. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect all Candida species. Broth microdilution, according to the M27-A3 and M27-S4 CLSI documents, were employed for determining the antifungal susceptibility tests of caspofungin (CAS), voriconazole (VRC), itraconazole (ITC), fluconazole (FLU), clotrimazole (CLO), ketoconazole (KTO), amphotericin B (AMB), and nystatin (NYS). Results: A total of 295 females suspected of vulvovaginal candidiasis were examined. The culture results were positive in 50.5% (149 of 295) of specimens. According to molecular identification techniques, C. albicans 133/149 (89.2%), C. glabrata 8/149 (5.4%), and C. kefyr 2/149 (1.4%) were the main species. A mixed infection of C. albicans and C. glabrata 6/149 (4 %) was detected. The geometric mean values to all Candida strains were in increasing order as the following: CAS, 0.075 µg/mL; VRC, 0.091 µg/mL; ITC, 0.15 µg/mL; AMB, 0.22 µg/mL; CLO, 0.23 µg/mL; KTO, 0.28 µg/mL; NYS, 0.88 µg/mL; FLU, 1.48 µg/mL. Further, the MIC ranges of all Candida isolates to the tested antifungal agents were in increasing order as follows: CAS: 0.031 - 0.25 µg/mL, KTO and ITC: 0.031 - 2 µg/mL, VRC: 0.031 - 4 µg/mL, CLO and AMB: 0.031 - 8 µg/mL, NYS: 0.06 - 4 µg/mL, and FLU: 0.12 - 128 µg/mL. Conclusions: We reported 1 (7.2 %) C. glabrata isolate resistance to FLU and 2 (14.3%) C. glabrata isolates susceptible-dose-dependent (SDD) to CAS. We also reported 6 (4.5%), 5 (3.8%), and 2 (1.5%) C. albicans resistance to ITC, FLU, and AMB, respectively, but 100% C. albicans susceptible to CAS and VRC.

Let X be a non-empty set, $${\mathcal {A}}$$ be a commutative Banach algebra, and $$1\le p

Right φ-amenability and right character amenability have been introduced for Banach algebras. Here, these concepts will be generalized for Fréchet algebras. Then some of the previous available results about right φ-amenability and right character amenability for the case of Banach algebras will be verified for Fréchet algebras. Related results about Segal Fréchet algebras are provided.

Let (X, d) be ametric space and letJ⊆ [0,∞) be nonempty. We study the structure of the arbitrary intersections of Lipschitz algebras and define a special Banach subalgebra of ∩y∊JLipyX, denoted by ILipJX. Mainly, we investigate theC-character amenability of ILipJX, in particular Lipschitz algebras. We address a gap in the proof of a recent result in this field. Then we remove this gap and obtain a necessary and suõcient condition forC-character amenability of ILipJX, specially Lipschitz algebras, under an additional assumption.

Let \begin{document}$ (K,d) $\end{document} be a compact metric space, \begin{document}$ \mathcal A $\end{document} be a commutative semisimple Banach algebra and \begin{document}$ 0 . The overall purpose of the present paper is to demonstrate that all BSE concepts of \begin{document}$ {\rm Lip}_\alpha(K,\mathcal A) $\end{document} are inherited from \begin{document}$ \mathcal A $\end{document} and vice versa. Recently, the authors proved in the case that \begin{document}$ \mathcal A $\end{document} is unital, \begin{document}$ {\rm Lip}_\alpha(K,\mathcal A) $\end{document} is a BSE-algebra if and only if \begin{document}$ \mathcal A $\end{document} is so. In this paper, we generalize this result for an arbitrary commutative semisimple Banach algebra \begin{document}$ \mathcal A $\end{document} . Furthermore, we investigate the BSE-norm property for \begin{document}$ {\rm Lip}_\alpha(K,\mathcal A) $\end{document} and prove that \begin{document}$ {\rm Lip}_\alpha(K,\mathcal A) $\end{document} belongs to the class of BSE-norm algebras if and only if \begin{document}$ \mathcal A $\end{document} is owned by this class. Moreover, we prove that for any natural number \begin{document}$ n $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ n\geq 2 $\end{document} , if all continuous bounded functions on \begin{document}$ \Delta({\rm Lip}_\alpha(K,\mathcal A)) $\end{document} are \begin{document}$ n $\end{document} -BSE-functions, then \begin{document}$ K $\end{document} is finite. As a result, we obtain that \begin{document}$ {\rm Lip}_{\alpha}(K,\mathcal A) $\end{document} is a BSE-algebra of type I if and only if \begin{document}$ \mathcal A $\end{document} is a BSE-algebra of type I and \begin{document}$ K $\end{document} is finite. Furthermore, in according to a result of Kaniuth and Ulger, which disapproves the BSE-property for \begin{document}$ {\rm lip}_{\alpha}K $\end{document} , we show that for any commutative semisimple Banach algebra \begin{document}$ \mathcal A $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ {\rm lip}_{\alpha}(K,\mathcal A) $\end{document} fails to be a BSE-algebra, as well. Finally, we concentrate on the classical Lipschitz algebra \begin{document}$ {\rm Lip}_\alpha X $\end{document} , for an arbitrary metric space (not necessarily compact) \begin{document}$ (X,d) $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \alpha>0 $\end{document} , when \begin{document}$ {\rm Lip}_\alpha X $\end{document} separates the points of \begin{document}$ X $\end{document} . In particular, we show that \begin{document}$ {\rm Lip}_\alpha X $\end{document} is a BSE-algebra, as well as a BSE-norm algebra.

Let $T$ be a Banach algebra homomorphism from a Banach algebra ${\mathcal{B}}$ to a Banach algebra ${\mathcal{A}}$ with $\Vert T\Vert \leq 1$. Recently, Bhatt and Dabhi [‘Arens regularity and amenability of Lau product of Banach algebras defined by a Banach algebra morphism’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.87 (2013), 195–206] showed that cyclic amenability of ${\mathcal{A}}\times _{T}{\mathcal{B}}$ is stable with respect to $T$, for the case where ${\mathcal{A}}$ is commutative. In this note, we address a gap in the proof of this stability result and extend it to an arbitrary Banach algebra ${\mathcal{A}}$.

Right $\varphi$ -contractibility and right character contractibility of Banach algebras have been introduced and investigated. Here, we introduce and generalize these concepts for Fréchet algebras. We then verify available results about right $\varphi$ -contractibility and right character contractibility of Banach algebras for Fréchet algebras. Moreover, we provide related results about Segal–Fréchet algebras.

Let ${\it\varphi}$ be a homomorphism from a Banach algebra ${\mathcal{B}}$ to a Banach algebra ${\mathcal{A}}$. We define a multiplication on the Cartesian product space ${\mathcal{A}}\times {\mathcal{B}}$ and obtain a new Banach algebra ${\mathcal{A}}\times _{{\it\varphi}}{\mathcal{B}}$. We show that biprojectivity as well as biflatness of ${\mathcal{A}}\times _{{\it\varphi}}{\mathcal{B}}$ are stable with respect to ${\it\varphi}$.

Let G be a locally compact group, 1 < p < ∞ and let ω be a weight function on G. Recently, we introduced the Lebesgue weighted Lp-algebra L1pω(G). Here, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for L1pω(G) to be φ-contractible, pseudo-contractible or contractible. Moreover we give some similar results about LP(G, ω).

Let \(\mathcal{A}\) be a Banach algebra. It is obtained a necessary and sufficient condition for the complete continuity and also weak complete continuity of symmetric abstract Segal algebras with respect to \(\mathcal{A}\), under the condition of the existence of an approximate identity for \(\mathcal{B}\), bounded in \(\mathcal{A}\). In addition, a necessary condition for the weak complete continuity of \(\mathcal{A}\) is given. Moreover, the applications of these results about some group algebras on locally compact groups are obtained.

We have recently shown that, for 2 < p < ∞, a locally compact group G is compact if and only if the convolution multiplication f * g exists for all f, g ∈ L p(G). Here, we study the existence of f * g for all f, g ∈ L p(G) in the case where 0 < p ≤ 2. Also, for 0 < p < ∞, we offer some necessary and sufficient conditions for L p(G) * L p(G) to be contained in certain function spaces on G.

Let $\mathfrak{A}$ be a normed algebra with identity, Ω be a locally compact Hausdorf space and λ be a positive Radon measure on Ω with supp(λ) = Ω. In this paper, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for L 1(Ω, $\mathfrak{A}$) to be an algebra with pointwise multiplication. Under this condition, we then characterize compact and weakly compact left multipliers on L 1(Ω, $\mathfrak{A}$).

For a locally compact group G and an arbitrary subset J of [1,∞], we introduce ILJ(G) as a subspace of ⋂ p∈JLp(G) with some norm to make it a Banach space. Then, for some special choice of J, we investigate some topological and algebraic properties of ILJ(G) as a Banach algebra under a convolution product.

Let G be a locally compact group, ω a weight function on G ,a nd 1

Introduction Clinical laser settings have traditionally been calibrated on abdominal skin to predict and anticipate patterns of injuries in facial skin. This experimental approach has limitations as facial skin and abdominal skin have differences that may influence the depth of laser injury. Objective The primary objective of this study is to analyze the acute pattern of laser injury in abdominal skin and facial skin samples from the same subject and detail the anatomical and biophysical properties that can influence the laser tissue interaction. The secondary objective is to develop a conversion factor that will allow the prediction laser column depths in facial skin based upon laser column depths in abdominal skin. Methods Fifteen healthy subjects were consented and screened. Two 2 mm spots on the face and abdomen were identified and measured and treated with a fractional CO2 laser (Lumenis Ltd, Yokneum, Israel), with an energy setting of 15 mj, 300 Hz at a density of 10. Treatment areas were biopsied and analyzed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining. Results Facial skin and abdominal skin have several significant anatomical and biophysical differences (concentration of pilosebaceous units, sebum concentration, and moisture content). Facial tissue demonstrated divergence of laser energy around pilosebaceous units and lateral spread of laser energy along blood vessels. These differences cause attenuation (28%) of the laser energy and result in column depths that are significantly (P

There is a paucity of evidence within the plastic surgery literature concerning risk stratification and management of patients with respect to thromboembolic disease. A retrospective chart review was conducted to examine whether the Davison-Caprini risk-assessment model could stratify patients undergoing excisional body contouring surgery, allowing prophylaxis to be managed in an evidence-based manner.Three hundred sixty excisional body contouring patients at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, under the senior authors' (J.M.K. and R.J.R.) care were reviewed. Patients were stratified into groups according to the risk-assessment model and into groups based on procedure. Patient characteristics were investigated for their effects on thromboembolic risk. Complications of enoxaparin administration were analyzed. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical procedures.The highest risk patients had a significantly increased rate of venous thromboembolism when compared with lower risk patients. Body mass index greater than 30 and hormone therapy use were associated with a significantly increased venous thromboembolism rate. Enoxaparin administration was associated with a statistically significant decrease in deep venous thrombosis in circumferential abdominoplasty patients. Enoxaparin administration was associated with higher bleeding rates.Low-molecular-weight heparin may affect the incidence of postoperative thrombotic complications in some surgical populations. In this study, patients who scored greater than four risk factors were at significant risk for venous thromboembolism. Enoxaparin significantly decreased deep venous thrombosis risk in patients undergoing circumferential abdominoplasty. This demonstrates the need for a multicenter, prospective, randomized study to examine various thromboembolic therapies and associated possible complications in these patients.

Let G be a locally compact group. For 1

Let (A,p_l)_{l\in\Bbb N} be a Frechet algebra. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Segal Frechet algebra and investigate known results about abstract Segal algebras, for Segal Frechet algebras. Also we recall the concept of approximate identities for topological algebras and provide some remarkable results for Segal Frechet algebras. Moreover, we verify ideal theorem for Frechet algebras and characterize closed ideals of Segal Frechet algebra (B,q_m)_{m\in\Bbb N} in (A,p_l)_{l\in\Bbb N}., Comment: 11 pages, 0 figures

We investigate generalized amenability, contractibility, biprojectivity and biflatness properties of various classes of abstract Segal algebras with respect to the Banach algebra $\mathcal{A}$. Moreover, we verify some of the previous available results about Segal algebras, for abstract Segal algebras.

Let $G$ be a locally compact group, $\omega$ be a weight function on $G$ and $0

Clinical laser settings have traditionally been calibrated on abdominal skin to predict and anticipate patterns of injuries in facial skin. This experimental approach has limitations as facial skin and abdominal skin have differences that may influence the depth of laser injury.The primary objective of this study is to analyze the acute pattern of laser injury in abdominal skin and facial skin samples from the same subject and detail the anatomical and biophysical properties that can influence the laser tissue interaction. The secondary objective is to develop a conversion factor that will allow the prediction laser column depths in facial skin based upon laser column depths in abdominal skin.Fifteen healthy subjects were consented and screened. Two 2 mm spots on the face and abdomen were identified and measured and treated with a fractional CO(2) laser (Lumenis Ltd, Yokneum, Israel), with an energy setting of 15 mj, 300 Hz at a density of 10. Treatment areas were biopsied and analyzed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining.Facial skin and abdominal skin have several significant anatomical and biophysical differences (concentration of pilosebaceous units, sebum concentration, and moisture content). Facial tissue demonstrated divergence of laser energy around pilosebaceous units and lateral spread of laser energy along blood vessels. These differences cause attenuation (28%) of the laser energy and result in column depths that are significantly (P 0.003) shorter in facial tissues (mean depth 415 µm) in comparison to abdominal tissues (mean depth 582 µm).The variations in anatomic, biophysical, and biomechanical properties in facial skin cause an attenuation of the laser column depths in facial skin when compared to abdominal skin. A correction factor of 28% is required to predict the depth of laser columns in facial skin based on laser column depths observed in abdominal skin.