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Due to disparities in the allocation of rainwater and drought, extreme exploitation of groundwater reservoirs has depleted water supplies in many locations. In addition, improper disposal of domestic and industrial waste leads to poor drainage and deterioration of water quality. According to studies, desalination methods are an effective solution for treating unconventional water, i.e., sea and brackish water, and making it usable in daily life. Solar-powered desalination has recently received a great deal of attention around the world. Herein, we summarized challenges and future perspectives associated with solar-powered desalination units. Some hybrid technologies are also discussed like solar-wind desalination and RO-ED crystallizer technology in Morocco and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Previously, most experimental studies focused on the use of solar energy in traditional desalination methods such as multistage flash and multi-effect distillation. Desalination with reverse osmosis has become popular due to membrane technology improvement and benefits like high recovery ratios and low energy consumption. Furthermore, it has been seen that solar energy is less expensive than the energy obtained from traditional fuels in the MENA area. This article aims to comparatively and systematically review the economic feasibility of the use of solar photovoltaic reverse osmosis in desalination in the MENA region.

Background Numerous studies have documented an association between psoriasis and subclinical atherosclerosis. Objective We aimed to investigate the effects of psoriasis on the levels of N-terminal prohormone B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and clarify whether this factor correlates with the evaluations of subclinical atherosclerosis, measured with mean intima-media thickness (MIMT) of the carotid artery. Methods Sixty-one psoriatic patients and sixty-one healthy, age and sex-matched volunteers were enrolled. MIMT was assessed via ultrasonography and serum NT-proBNP level were measured by electrochemiluminescence. Results Both NT-proBNP and MIMT were significantly higher in psoriasis patients. This remained true even after controlling for the effects of age and gender. MIMT was positively correlated with age and serum NT-proBNP level in both groups. Conclusions In conclusion, NT-proBNP levels may be used as a predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis.

We study an interesting alternative of modified gravity theory, namely, the unimodular f(R, T) gravity in which R is the Ricci scalar and T is the trace of the stress–energy tensor. We study the viability of the model by using the energy conditions. We discuss the strong, weak, null and dominant energy conditions in terms of deceleration, jerk and snap parameters. We investigate energy conditions for reconstructed unimodular f(R, T) models and give some constraints on the parametric space of the model. We observe that by setting appropriately free parameters, energy conditions can be satisfied. Furthermore, we study the stability of the solutions in perturbations framework. In this case, we investigate stability conditions for de Sitter and power law solutions and we examine viability of cosmological evolution of these perturbations. The results show that for some values of the input parameters, for which energy conditions are satisfied, de Sitter and power-law solutions may be stable.

The newly emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), induced by a novel strain of the coronavirus family, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a rapidly spreading global threat. This virus affects a fair number of tissues in the human body by availing itself of potential target receptors like Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). Presenting with diverse clinical manifestations, COVID-19 has raised the urge for extensive research in different medical fields, including dermatology. Developing a comprehensive knowledge of cutaneous manifestations is highly important as it can help us in early diagnosis and better management of the ongoing pandemic. The dermatological presentations of COVID-19 are classified into main categories of vascular and non-vascular (exanthematous) patterns. Though not yet fully confirmed, the pathogenesis of these cutaneous presentations has been suggested to be more related to the overactivation of the immune system. In this review, we discuss in detail the clinical features of the diverse skin lesions in COVID-19 patients and the imperative role of the immune system in their pathogenesis and development. Furthermore, we will discuss the reasons behind the accentuation of skin lesions in COVID-19 compared to the same virus family predecessors.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), with skin manifestations, has been associated with mutations in JUP encoding plakoglobin. Genotype–phenotype correlations regarding the penetrance of cardiac involvement, and age of onset have not been well established. We examined a cohort of 362 families with skin fragility to screen for genetic mutations with next-generation sequencing-based methods. In two unrelated families, a previously unreported biallelic mutation, JUP: c.201delC; p.Ser68Alafs*92, was disclosed. The consequences of this mutation were determined by expression profiling both at tissue and ultrastructural levels, and the patients were evaluated by cardiac and cutaneous work-up. Whole-transcriptome sequencing by RNA-Seq revealed JUP as the most down-regulated gene among 21 skin fragility-associated genes. Immunofluorescence showed the lack of plakoglobin in the epidermis. Two probands, 2.5 and 22-year-old, with the same homozygous mutation, allowed us to study the cross-sectional progression of cardiac involvements in relation to age. The older patient had anterior T wave inversions, prolonged terminal activation duration (TAD), and RV enlargement by echocardiogram, and together with JUP mutation met definite ARVC diagnosis. The younger patient had no evidence of cardiac disease, but met possible ARVC diagnosis with one major criterion (the JUP mutation). In conclusion, we identified the same biallelic homozygous JUP mutation in two unrelated families with skin fragility, but cardiac findings highlighted age-dependent penetrance of ARVC. Thus, young, phenotypically normal patients with biallelic JUP mutations should be monitored for development of ARVC.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare disease with a prevalence ranging from 7 to 700 cases per million. Like with most autoimmune diseases, both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the SSc. Though the incidence of SSc in the family members of those affected and the concordance rate in twins is very low, inheritance is still the strongest risk factor of SSc. Thus, multiple studies have been conducted to identify the genes responsible for this inheritance including candidate gene association studies and genome-wide analyses. Variations and mutations in the genes encoding cytokines, adhesion molecules, and signaling proteins involved in the interaction between endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells have been found to be associated with SSc susceptibility. In this chapter, these genes and their contribution to the pathogenesis of the SSc are discussed in detail. These genes are categorized into five major groups of HLA genes, genes involved in the innate immune responses, genes affecting adaptive immune responses, genes with a role in the fibrogenesis pathways, and apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis-related genes.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that targets the hair follicles (HF) and results in non-scarring hair loss. AA results from the collapse of the HF's immune privilege due to a combination of environmental and genetic factors that either change the local HF dynamics or dysregulate the central immune tolerance. Multiple genetic studies have attempted to identify AA susceptibility genes through candidate gene approaches and genome-wide analysis. These studies were able to show an association between AA and multiple immune-related genes such as those encoding cytokines, chemokines, molecules involved in regulatory T-cell functions, and adaptor molecules along with genes involved in autophagy, melanogenesis, and hair cycling pathways. This chapter aims to explore these genes and their contribution to the pathogenesis of the AA.

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a heterogeneous disease with a wide range of manifestations ranging from localized lesions in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) to severe disseminated disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Lupus results from a complex interaction between genetic and epigenetic backgrounds and environmental triggers that cause loss of tolerance to self-antigens and the formation of autoantibodies. Genetic susceptibility plays a key role in the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus. In most cases, multiple common alleles with modest effect sizes are combined to result in the polygenic inheritance of the disease but monogenic variants of lupus have also been described. Genes from the innate and adaptive immune system along with genes involved in apoptosis and immunoglobulin clearance have been linked to SLE. This chapter aims to explore the functions of these genes and their contribution to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Genetics plays a major role in shaping the immune responses in both physiological and pathological states such as psoriasis, alopecia areata, and other immune-mediated dermatological conditions. The genes encoding the elements of the immune system and its regulators are among the most polymorphous loci in the genome. Subtle variations in these genes can thus alter the balanced defensive responses of the immune system and make an individual liable to diseases and environmental triggers. Immunogenetics deals with finding the precise set of liability genes involved in the pathogenesis of specific complex diseases. In this chapter, we will briefly discuss the basic principles of genetic polymorphisms, the methods used in scanning these polymorphisms, and the strategies employed to find the role of these polymorphisms in complex diseases.

Since the emergence of the new coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic, there has been a concern for the patients with chronic autoimmune diseases including dermatological conditions over the potential exacerbation of these underlying conditions after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV2). We performed a systematic review to evaluate presentations, postinfection change in the manifestation, diagnosis, and management of flare‐ups of underlying dermatologic disease in patients with COVID‐19. A total of 17 articles were recovered reporting on flare‐ups of dermatological disease including pemphigus vulgaris, psoriasis, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma, and Sézary syndrome (SS). Out of these, psoriasis and alopecia areata were the most common conditions. However, most cases of psoriasis could have been attributed to either antimalarial agents that were initially used for the treatment of COVID‐19 or discontinuation of treatment following SARS‐CoV2 infection.

The weaker expression of the two main proteins adhering melanocytes to the epidermis basal layer, Epithelial Cadherin (E-cadherin) and Discoidin Domain Receptor Tyrosine kinase 1 (DDR1), has been implicated as one of the aggravating factors in the loss of melanocytes in vitiligo. The present study was designed to assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the genes encoding these proteins, CDH1 and DDR1, and the risk of developing vitiligo. The independent case-control study was conducted on the sample including152 patients with vitiligo and 152 matched controls. A questionnaire was completed for recording demographic and clinical characteristics of vitiligo patients. Venous blood samples were taken from all the subjects. Genotype frequencies were determined for CDHI C/T (rs 10431924) and DDRI A/C (rs 2267641) genes polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification method and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The CDH1 CC genotype was found to be significantly associated with the risk of developing vitiligo. The results of stratified analysis revealed a correlation between CDH1 CC genotype and late age of onset, clinical type of vitiligo, the absence of autoimmune comorbidities and family history of autoimmune disorders. However, the expression level of CDH1 TT genotype increased significantly in patients with autoimmune comorbidities. There was also a significant relationship between the DDR1 CC genotype and the risk of developing vitiligo. The results of stratified analysis revealed a correlation between DDR1 CC genotype and early age of onset, clinical type of vitiligo and absence of family history of autoimmune disorders. The findings of the study confirm the conjecture previously made in the literature regarding the melanocytes' adhesion deficit as an initial step for pigment loss in vitiligo and emphasize the substantial role of friction and koebner phenomenon in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Moreover, a probable association can be proposed between the adhesion deficit involved in vitiligo and autoimmune disorders.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that targets the bulb of the hair follicles and results in non-scarring hair loss that can range from patchy lesions to involvement of the entire scalp. AA develops when the hair follicles lose their physiologic state of immune privilege. One of the key factors that help in maintaining this immune privilege by suppressing natural killer cells is macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Surprisingly, MIF is also known to provoke autoimmunity by upregulating cytokines. To address this dilemma and understand the exact nature of the involvement of MIF in disease pathogenesis we investigated the association of MIF gene polymorphisms (− 173 G > C, rs755622) with AA by conducting a case–control study of 274 subjects. We observed that the frequency of the C allele in the patients was significantly lower than the control group (0.15, 0.23, respectively, p = 0.01) and the combined frequencies of the CC and GC genotypes (dominant Mendelian pattern) had the most prevalent difference between the two groups (odds ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.36–0.99; p = 0.048).Since the C allele is associated with higher MIF transcription levels, this could infer that MIF is more likely to attribute to the preservation of the immune privilege rather than acting as a proinflammatory factor.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair loss with a polymorphous presentation ranging from patchy lesions to involvement of the entire scalp. The disease is the consequence of an au...

We study a new type of extended theory of gravity in the framework of general scalar–tensor theories in which the higher order terms of curvature are coupled with a scalar field and its derivatives. We analyze the stability and evolution of cosmological perturbations in this setup. For this purpose, we perturb the Hubble parameter, matter density, and scalar field to check stability and evolution of perturbations to first order. In this framework, we investigate stability conditions for de Sitter and power law solutions and we examine viability of cosmological evolution of these perturbations. We consider some specific f(R) models and show that the stability analysis gives some constraints on the parameters of these models.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly affects the respiratory system, but the involvement of other organ systems has also been commonly reported. Acute acro-ischemia or chilblain like lesions were among the first recognized dermatological presentations of COVID-19. Though the occurrence of such lesions has been attributed to the similar interferon-1 mediated immune response in both COVID-19 and systemic lupus erythematosus, we propose another possible explanation based on a common genetic background. In a recent genome-wide association study, the 3p21.31 region was found to be associated with COVID-19 severity. This region also contains the TREX1 gene. Missense mutations of the TREX1 gene are responsible for familial chilblain lupus and its genetic polymorphisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Based on this observation, herein we have reviewed other COVID-19 risk loci for potential overlap with dermatological conditions.

Purpose To compare the outcomes of bandage contact lens (BCL) removal on the fourth versus seventh post-operative day following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods This study recruited eyes of patients who underwent PRK surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups. In Group 1 BCL was removed on the 4th postoperative day, while in Group 2, BCL was removed on the 7th postoperative day. After BCL removal, patients were asked to express their pain score and eye discomfort. At one and three months follow-up examinations, visual acuity scale was assessed. Slit-lamp examination was performed in all visits to evaluate complications. Results 260 eyes of 130 patients underwent PRK. The age and sex ratio were not significantly different between the two groups. One month after the surgery, the logMAR uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were significantly lower in Group 2 (P value = 0.016, 0.001 respectively), however, the UDVA and CDVA were not significantly different after 3 months (P > 0.05). In Group 1, filamentary keratitis (FK) was observed in 10 (7.6%) eyes, 6 (4.61%) eyes were diagnosed with recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) and corneal haze was detected in 3 (2.3%) eyes. However, in Group 2, RCE was observed in 4 (2.3%) and FK was noted in 4 (3.07%) eyes. No haze was seen in Group 2. The difference in rate of complications was statistically significant (14.6% and 6.1% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, P = 0.02). Pain and eye discomfort scores were not significantly different (P > 0.05). There was no major complications including infectious keratitis in either groups. Conclusion Following PRK surgery, BCL removal on the seventh postoperative day yields faster visual rehabilitation and lower rate of postoperative complications with no increase in eye pain, discomfort or infection.

Nonmelanoma skin cancers including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most prevalent malignancies in humans. The gold standard treatment for these cancers is surgery but there are obvious limitations to this modality such as tumors affecting individuals that are medically inoperable, patients with multiple malignancies due to genetic susceptibility or arsenic poisoning, and tumors affecting cosmetically sensitive sites.

Background: The memory impairment screen (MIS) test is a brief, four-item, delay-free, and cued-recall test of memory impairment. It is highly correlated with Alzheimer’s pathology and can be easily used by trained non-specialists. However, the application of this test might be restricted due to minimum literacy levels requirement. The picture based MIS (PMIS) is a modified version that can be used by even illiterate or low-education people. The pictures can be adapted based on cultural differences. Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide and validate the Persian version of illustrated memory impairment screen (PIMIS) test in elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease in Iran. Methods: This validation was a cross-sectional study on people 60 years of age and older with different levels of education (illiterate to > 13 years of education). The participants consisted of subjects with normal cognition, subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and different types of Dementia. Cognitive impairment was diagnosed by a neurologist with expertise in dementia (gold standard). The validity was assessed by comparing MISIP with the gold standard. Area under ROC curve, optimal cut-point, sensitivity, specificity, and Cronbach’s alpha were estimated. Results: Data were collected from 119 participants, 38 of which were diagnosed with Dementia, 17 with MCI, 21 with SCI and also 43 had normal cognition. The PIMIS score was significantly lower in patients diagnosed with dementia compared to the other groups (7.1 versus 4.3 for PIMIS score with a P value of less than 0.001). The PIMIS had a sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 91% for detecting dementia at a cut-point of five. Level of education had no significant effect on the test. Conclusions: IMIS is a simple reliable screening test in elderly population with variable literacy rates.

The increasing body of evidence for the relationship between the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) polymorphism and autoimmune disorders combined with the enhanced expression of this angiogenic factor in vitiligo makes VEGF a very interesting candidate gene to be investigated in vitiligo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible associations between the +405 G/C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the VEGF gene (rs2010963) and vitiligo. The independent case-control population sample of 152 patients with vitiligo and 152 matched controls was evaluated in this study. A questionnaire was completed for each vitiligo patient to document the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. All enrolled individuals had a venous blood sample collected. Genotype frequencies for +405 G/C VEGF gene polymorphism were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. There were no significant differences in genotype or allele distributions for this SNP between cases and controls. However, we observed a significant association between GG genotype and higher age at onset of vitiligo (p = 0.04). Moreover, patients stratification revealed a significant increase in the frequency of GG genotype compared to CC + CG genotypes in patients with the late onset (≥20 years) vitiligo (p = 0.05). Although these results are not conclusive, they could potentially lead to considering the angiogenic factors as a potential target for therapy in late-onset vitiligo.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease associated with high levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Since chronic inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, AA can theoretically increase the risk of diabetes. We sought to investigate this theory by conducting a case–control study. Sixty patients with alopecia areata and 60 healthy volunteers (matched for age, sex, and body mass index) were evaluated. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), C-peptide, plasma insulin, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured for each individual. Plasma levels of insulin [median (interquartile range IQR): 11.22 (7.28–18.15) µIU/ml vs. 4.80 (3.20–9.00), p

Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by nail dystrophy and palmoplantar keratoderma with severe plantar pain affecting quality of life. There is no effective treatment. Heterozygous mutations in the keratin genes KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16 and KRT17 have been reported as a cause of PC. Herein we present a female patient with an amino acid substitution mutation in KRT6A (c.1381G>A, p.Glu461Lys in exon 7) and classic features of PC associated with oral leucokeratosis and follicular hyperkeratosis. We also demonstrate successful treatment of the patient with rosuvastatin. A 3.6-mm reduction in plantar callosity thickness was demonstrated by sonography. Our patient also experienced significant pain relief that allowed her to increase physical activity (Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index score dropped nine points following treatment). Collectively, these improvements suggest that rosuvastatin may offer a promising treatment for PC. What's already known about this topic? Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by nail dystrophy and painful plantar keratoderma. Keratolytics, emollients, retinoids and steroids have been used for treatment but with limited benefits. What does this study add? A patient with PC who had a KRT6A mutation was treated with rosuvastatin with significant improvement in plantar hyperkeratosis and pain. Statins could be a promising treatment for PC with long-term safety, but further studies are needed.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral condition with a major impact on the quality of life. The condition is thought to be due to the overexpression of T helper-1(Th1)-related cytokines. Since interleukin-4 (IL-4) and its receptor (IL-4Rα) are antagonistic to Th-1 pathways, polymorphisms in their genes may also be involved in the pathogenesis of aphthous stomatitis.Sixty-four patients diagnosed with minor RAS and 141 (age- and sex-matched) healthy controls were assessed for 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the promoter region of the IL-4 gene (-1098G/T, -590C/T, and -33C/T), and 1 SNP in IL-4Rα gene (+1902 A/G).No significant differences were detected between the patient and the control group regarding IL-4 allele frequencies. However, the patient group demonstrated a higher frequency of IL-4 -590 CC genotype and a lower rate of IL-4 -590 TC genotype. The TCT, GTT, GCT, and GTC haplotypes of the IL-4 gene (-1098, -590, -33) were significantly more frequent in the patients and the GCC, and TTT haplotypes were more common in healthy controls. No significant differences were found in IL-4Rα gene polymorphism between the 2 groups.Certain polymorphisms of IL4 gene could predispose individuals to RAS.

Background Alopecia areata is a disorder that results in nonscarring hair loss. The psychological impact can be significant, leading to feelings of depression and social isolation. Objectives In this article, we seek to review the pathophysiological mechanisms proposed in recent years in a narrative fashion. Methods We searched MEDLINE and Scopus for articles related to alopecia areata, with a particular emphasis on its pathogenesis. Results The main theory of alopecia areata pathogenesis is that it is an autoimmune phenomenon resulting from a disruption in hair follicle immune privilege. What causes this breakdown is an issue of debate. Some believe that a stressed hair follicle environment triggers antigen presentation, while others blame a dysregulation in the central immune system entangling the follicles. Evidence for the latter theory is provided by animal studies, as well investigations around the AIRE gene. Different immune-cell lines including plasmacytoid dendritic cells, natural killer cells and T cells, along with key molecules such as interferon-γ, interleukin-15, MICA and NKG2D, have been identified as contributing to the autoimmune process. Conclusions Alopecia areata remains incurable, although it has been studied for years. Available treatment options at best are beneficial for milder cases, and the rate of relapse is high. Understanding the exact mechanisms of hair loss in alopecia areata is therefore of utmost importance to help identify potential therapeutic targets.

We extend the idea of unimodular gravity to the modified $f(R,T)$ theories. A new class of cosmological solutions, that the unimodular constraint on the metric imposes on the $f(R,T)$ theories, is studied. This extension is done in both Jordan and Einstein frames. We show that while the Lagrange multiplier (that imposes the unimodular constraint on the action) depends on the cosmic time in Jordan frame and therefore, can act as an evolving scalar field in the universe history, in the Einstein frame it acts as a cosmological constant. Then a general reconstruction method is used to realize an explicit form of the unimodular $f(R,T)$ corresponding to a given cosmological solution. By adopting a specific form of $f(R,T)$, the issue of cosmological inflation is studied in this setup. To see the observational viability of this model, a numerical analysis on the model parameter space is done in the background of Planck2015 observational data.

In many robots that interact with human or the environment, series elastic actuators (SEA) are used because of their inherent compliance and force controllability. Several methods have been proposed for the force control of these actuators. However, the effectiveness of these methods in the presence of limitations such as motor torque saturation, load side movement and gearbox friction has not been evaluated. In this paper, the two common methods of SEAs force control, namely, motor torque-based and motor speed-based control are studied and the effect of above limitations on the stability and bandwidth of the closed loop system is investigated. The results of this research reveal that the motor speed-based control can well overcome disturbances such as gearbox friction and load side movement. However, in the presence of motor torque saturation, there is a possibility that the closed loop system to become unstable. In contrast, the motor torque-based control has lower bandwidth in the presence of load side movement and gearbox friction. Instead, its closed loop system is always stable even in the presence of motor torque saturation.

We study the late-time cosmological viability of the solutions in the DGP braneworld scenario. We consider a quintessence field trapped on the normal branch of the DGP model and we suppose this scalar field is both minimally and non-minimally coupled to induced gravity on the brane. Since a successful cosmological model should therefore admit for a sequence of epochs: a radiation era, a sufficiently long matter dominated era and a final stable positively accelerated scaling solution, we analyze the cosmological properties of system in its critical points.

We study gravitational baryogenesis in the context of f(R, T) gravity where the gravitational Lagrangian is given by a generic function of the Ricci scalar R and the trace of the stress-energy tensor T. We explore how this type of modified gravity is capable to shed light on the issue of baryon asymmetry in a successful manner. We consider various forms of baryogenesis interaction and discuss the effect of these interaction terms on the baryon to entropy ratio in this setup. We show that baryon asymmetry during the radiation era of the expanding universe can be non-zero in this framework. Then, we calculate the baryon to entropy ratio for some specific f(R, T) models and by using the observational data, we give some constraints on the parameter spaces of these models.

We study cosmological dynamics and phase space of a scalar field localized on the DGP brane. We consider both the minimally and nonminimally coupled scalar quintessence and phantom fields on the brane. In the nonminimal case, the scalar field couples with induced gravity on the brane. We present a detailed analysis of the critical points, their stability and late-time cosmological viability of the solutions in the phase space of the model., 33 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in Class. Quantum Grav