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Lung cancer has the world's highest cancer- associated mortality rate, making biomarker discovery for this cancer a pressing issue. Machine learning approaches to identify molecular biomarkers are not as prevalent as screening of potential biomarkers by differential expression analysis. However, several differentially expressed miRNAs involved in cancer have been identified using this approach. The availability of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) allows the use of machine-learning methods for the molecular profiling of tumors. The present study employed empirical negative control microRNAs (miRs) in lung cancer to normalize lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) datasets from TCGA to model decision trees in order to classify lung cancer status and subtype. The two primary classification models consisted of four miRNAs for lung cancer diagnosis and subtyping. hsa-miR-183 and hsa-miR-135b were used to distinguish lung tumors from normal samples taken from tissues adjacent to the tumor site, and hsa-miR-944 and hsa-miR-205 to further classify the tumors into LUAD and LUSC major subtypes. Specific cancer status classification models were also presented for each subtype.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is involved in immunoregulatory processes and particularly in pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders such as recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA). The purpose of the current study was to examine whether two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HLA-G gene (rs1736936 and HLA-G*0105N) influence susceptibility to recurrent spontaneous abortion. Genomic DNA from 117 RSA patients and 117 normal fertile control individuals was isolated using the salted out method. The two single nucleotide polymorphisms in HLA-G gene were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Differences between the two groups were analyzed by SPSS19 software using Chi-square test. The results revealed a significant increase in HLA-G*0105N allele in the proportion of whole group of RSA women compared with fertile controls (P value = 0.015), OR (95 % CI) = 2.054 (1.798-2.347), as well as an absence of homozygosity for HLA-G*0105N in the study population. No significant difference was observed between the RSA and the fertile groups in terms of alleles and genotypes frequency of rs1736936 (P value = 0.323), OR (95 CI %) = 1.056 (0.844-1.319). The presented data suggest that the investigated HLA-G*0105N allele is potentially associated with RSA through linkage disequilibrium with other genetic elements. Meanwhile, the rs1736936 SNP do not predispose to RSA in the study population.

HLA-G is supposed to play a pivotal role in tolerance of the semi-allogeneic graft in pregnancy by inhibiting the cytotoxic functions of T and NK cells. A 14-bp insertion and/or deletion polymorphism in exon-8 has a possible role in HLA-G expression. The present study analyzed the 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in normal pregnancy and recurrent miscarriage patients in order to discover a possible correlation between the 14-bp polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage (RM). In this study, genomic DNA from 200 RM patients and 200 normal fertile control individuals using the routine salting out method were isolated. Exon-8 of HLA-G gene of the two groups were amplified using polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by electrophoresis on 10% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing ethidium bromide and visualized under ultraviolet light. HLA-G allele frequencies and genotypes in RM women and the fertile control group were compared using a Chi-square test. The results showed that there was a difference in allelic frequencies of 14-bp insertion polymorphism between fertile controls and RM patients; the frequency of +14 bp/-14 bp heterozygotes was significantly higher in RM patients as compared with fertile controls. Furthermore, the frequency of +14-bp insertion allele was significantly higher in those with RM as compared with normal fertile controls. From the findings here, it was concluded that a 14-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in exon 8 could play a possible role in recurrent miscarriages. These results might ultimately be of significance for clinicians and those involved in understanding infertility and RM.