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Background and Objectives: Dermatophytes are one of the most prevalent agent of superficial fungal infections. Dermatophytes species identification can help us to find prevention and treatment ways. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the species of dermatophytes by sequencing method in 2015-2016 in Ghayen. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 156 dermatophytosis suspected patients, who referred to the laboratories and health centers in Ghayen. Patients were sampled after completing the questionnaire. Specimens were directly examined, and all samples were inoculated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicol and Cycloheximide medium. The DNA of the obtained fungi was extracted by DNA extraction Kit. Then, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) gene was amplified and sequenced, and the dermatophytes species were expressed as numbers and percentages. Results: Of 156 samples, 32 samples (20.5%) were positive in the direct exam or culture. The types of Tinea in this study were respectively: Tinea corporis (72 %), tinea capitis (21.8 %), tinea manuum and tinea unguium (3.1 %) each one. Dermatophytes species included Arterodermabenhamiae (25%), Trichophyton interdigitale (9.3%), T. violaceum and T. verrucosum (6.2%) each one, and T.erinacei (3.1%). The comparison of the sequence of the derived species with the sequence of reference dermatophytes in wester-dijkinstitute showed 98-100% similarity. Conclusion: According to this study, the incidence of dermatophytosis in Ghayen is 20.5% . The Trichophyton genus and zoophilic species are dominant in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: There is urgent need for interventions to facilitate earlier diagnosis of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries where mammography screening is not widely available. Understanding patients' experiences with early detection efforts, whether they are ultimately diagnosed with cancer or benign disease, is critical to optimize interventions and maximize community engagement. We sought to understand the experiences of patients undergoing breast evaluation in Rwanda's Women's Cancer Early Detection Program (WCEDP)., Methods: We conducted in-person semi-structured interviews with 30 patients in two districts of Rwanda participating in the WCEDP. Patients represented a range of ages and both benign and malignant diagnoses. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated, and thematically analyzed., Results: Participants identified facilitators and barriers of timely care along the breast evaluation pathway. Community awareness initiatives were facilitators to care-seeking, while persistent myths and stigma about cancer were barriers. Participants valued clear clinician-patient communication and emotional support from clinicians and peers. Poverty was a major barrier for participants who described difficulty paying for transport, insurance premiums, and other direct and indirect costs of hospital referrals in particular. COVID-19 lockdowns caused delays for referred patients. Although false-positive clinical breast exams conferred financial and emotional burdens, participants nonetheless voiced appreciation for their experience and felt empowered to monitor their own breast health and share knowledge with others., Conclusion: Rwandan women experienced both benefits and burdens as they underwent breast evaluation. Enthusiasm for participation was not reduced by the experience of a false-positive result. Reducing financial, logistical and emotional burdens of the breast diagnostic pathway through patient navigation, peer support and decentralization of diagnostic services could improve patients' experience., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background and Purpose: Keratinophilic fungi play an important role in the decomposition of keratinous substances in nature. This capacity induces dermatomycosis in both humans and livestock. The soil of livestock stables can be a reservoir of keratinophilic fungi. Therefore, the present study was conducted to isolate and identify keratinophilic fungi in the soil of the livestock stables located in Qayen, South Khorasan Province, Iran., Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 62 soil samples collected from livestock stables. The samples were cultured by means of hair bait technique (HBT). The identification of the isolates was performed based on their morphological characteristics and then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the ITS regions of ribosomal DNA., Results: A total of 118 isolates of 7 species from 5 genera were identified. Aphanoascus verrucosu (n=70, 59.36%) was detected as the dominant keratinophilic fungus, followed by Arthroderma quadrifidum (n=13, 11.01%), A. terreus (n=12, 10.16%), Acremonium (n=12, 10.16%), A. gertleri (n=5, 4.23%), Fusarium equiseti (n=3, 2.54%), and Uncinocarpus reesii (n=3, 2.54%)., Conclusion: Different keratinophilic fungi were isolated from the soil of livestock stables; however, A. verrucosu was found to be the dominant species., (Copyright: © 2020, Published by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences on behalf of Iranian Society of Medical Mycology and Invasive Fungi Research Center.)