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BACKGROUND: Consuming ultra-processed foods may increase exposure to phthalates, a group of endocrine disruptors prevalent in food contact materials. OBJECTIVES: Investigate associations between ultra-processed food intake and urinary phthalates during pregnancy, and evaluate whether ultra-processed foods mediate socioeconomic disparities in phthalate exposures. METHODS: In a socioeconomically diverse sample of 1031 pregnant women from the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) Study in the urban South, the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered and urinary phthalate metabolites were measured in the second trimester. Linear regressions modeled associations between phthalates and overall ultra-processed food consumption, individual ultra-processed foods, and exploratory factor analysis dietary patterns. Causal mediation analyses examined whether ultra-processed food intake mediates relationships between socioeconomic disparities and phthalate exposures. RESULTS: Ultra-processed foods constituted 9.8-59.0 % (mean = 38.6 %) of participants diets. 10 % higher dietary proportion of ultra-processed foods was associated with 13.1 % (95 %CI: 3.4 %-22.9 %) higher molar sum concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHP). 10 % higher consumption of minimally-processed foods was associated with lower ΣDEHP (10.8 %: 3.4 %-22.9 %). Ultra- and minimally-processed food consumption were not associated with non-DEHP metabolites. Standard deviation higher consumptions of hamburger/cheeseburger, French fries, soda, and cake were associated with 10.5 % (4.2 %-17.1 %), 9.2 % (2.6 %-16.2 %), 7.4 % (1.4 %-13.6 %), and 6.0 % (0.0 %-12.4 %), respectively, higher ΣDEHP. Exploratory factor analysis corroborated positive associations of processed food with ΣDEHP, and uncovered a healthy dietary pattern associated with lower urinary ΣDEHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) (MECPP), mono(2-carboxymethylhexyl) (MCMHP), and mono-isononyl (MINP) phthalates. Significant indirect effects indicated that lower income and education levels were associated with 1.9 % (0.2 %-4.2 %) and 1.4 % (0.1 %-3.3 %) higher ΣDEHP, respectively, mediated via increased ultra-processed food consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of ultra-processed foods may increase exposure to phthalates. Policies to reduce dietary phthalate exposures from food packaging and processing are needed, as socioeconomic barriers can preclude dietary recommendations as a sole means to reduce phthalate exposures.

Background: Malnutrition and poor weight gain has been reported in infants with congenital heart defects (CHDs); however data in older children with CHDs are limited. In order to obtain representative data on the nutritional status, dietary behavior, and potential influencing factors in school-aged children with CHDs, we performed a nationwide online survey. Methods: Patients aged 6 to 17 years registered in the German National Register for CHDs were asked to participate in this study by completing the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) eating study questionnaire in order to assess their self-reported dietary habits. The use of the same questionnaire enabled a comparison with a representative subset of 4569 participants of the KiGGS study. Results: A total of 894 patients (mean age 12.5 ± 3.0 years; 47.2% female) were enrolled. Patients were allocated according to anatomic complexity into simple (23.8%), moderate (37.8%), and complex CHDs (38.4%). The consumption of sugar-containing food (p < 0.001) and fast food (p < 0.05) was significantly lower among the CHD patients than in the healthy children. Children with CHDs showed significantly lower body mass index (BMI) percentiles (p < 0.001) compared with their healthy peers, while children with complex and moderate CHDs had the lowest BMI. While in CHD patients, the BMI percentiles were not related to unhealthy food, there was a strong correlation with the CHD severity and number of previous interventions (p < 0.01). Conclusions: According to this nationwide survey, school-aged children with complex CHD are at risk of undernutrition, which is not due to dietary habits but to CHD severity and repeated surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High intake of fast food has been linked to increased risks of both depressive and anxiety disorders. However, associations between individual fast-food items and depressive/anxiety disorders are rarely examined. Method: Using cross-sectional survey the association between common fast-food items and depressive/anxiety symptoms among 142 young Hong Kong adults aged 18–27 years old was examined. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire was employed to measure the intake frequency of 22 common fast-food items found in Hong Kong. Occurrence of significant depressive and anxiety symptoms was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. Primary measures were multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms compared with the low intake frequency group for common fast-food items. Results: Our observations suggest that frequent intake of high-fat, -sugar, and -sodium fast-foods increased depressive symptoms, while frequent high-fat fast-food intake was associated with anxiety symptoms. However, frequent intake of sugar-free beverages reduced the risk of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Habitual intake of certain fast foods were related to depressive/anxiety symptoms in young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Considering the increasing prevalence of fast food consumption among teenagers, providing the necessary training and self-awareness is the best solution for institutionalizing the prevention of fast food consumption by this group. Therefore, this issue should be taken seriously, as should the implementation of educational interventions to prevent the consumption of fast food. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is one of the various health education styles and methods that works well. However, given that a number of local data points are crucial in establishing the efficacy of the model employed, this study looks into the impact of TPB-based education in preventing fast food intake among teenagers. Methods: A total of 180 male students, ages 15 to 18, participated in this quasi-experimental study in Shiraz, Iran. Cluster sampling was used in the study, and participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (n = 90) and the control group (n = 90). A theory-based questionnaire was used to gather data, and both the control and experimental groups had to complete it before and three months after the intervention. The data were examined using paired t, independent t, and chi-square statistical tests after being entered into SPSS-24. Results: The results of the independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the two study groups before the intervention in terms of knowledge (P = 0.14), attitude (P = 0.57), subjective norms (P = 0.94), perceived behavioral control (P = 0.81), behavioral intention (P = 0.42), or behavior (P = 0.25). However, following the intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups with regard to the noted variables (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the McNemar test results demonstrated that the experimental group's consumption of fast food varied significantly before and after the intervention (P = 0.001), but not in the control group (P = 0.07). Conclusion: The study's findings demonstrated that TPB-based treatments are successful in helping male students change their habits of consuming fewer amounts of fast food. This study demonstrated that the instructional techniques employed improved the fast food consumption behavior of the intervention group as well as the TPB's structure (attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and perceived behavioral intention). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the promotion of fast food to lower-income adolescents on Instagram with the specific aims of (i) identifying the marketing strategies used by fast food brands on Instagram to promote fast food to Nigerian adolescents and (ii) examining the influence of these strategies on user engagement. Design: A content analysis of posts from a 90-day period of the Instagram accounts of five fast-food brands in Nigeria was conducted. Overall, 576 posts were analysed, using a codebook developed based on the relevant literature, to identify adolescent-targeted strategies. User engagement was measured by number of likes each post received. Results: The observed brands frequently utilised adolescent-targeted marketing strategies, with the most popular strategies being emotional appeal, 'teen language' and product appeal. The results of Mann-Whitney U tests revealed significant associations between the use of these promotional strategies and user engagement. Adolescent-aimed strategies like product appeal and competitions resulted in higher user engagement with fast food promotional content. Conclusion: Fast food companies heavily target lower income adolescents through the use of Instagram. This raises health concerns related to the consumption of unhealthy food that arises from regular advertising in that demographic. Further, this exposure increases ad interactions that could cause adolescents to view fast foods more positively. Overall, findings indicate the need for actions aiming to limit and reduce the effect of adolescents' exposure to fast food marketing on social media, to target the features of social media platforms which affords users the ability to interact with fast food advertisements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this day and age, hectic work schedules and daily routines have an impact on household consumption patterns and lifestyles. This is especially true in Indonesia and many other countries where people are shifting from preparing their own food to buying fast food. Purpose: To determine the reasons why families eat fast food, examine those reasons, and calculate the direct and indirect consequences of those reasons. Design/methodology/approach: Using a purposive sample approach and direct and online surveys, the study was carried out in 2023 on 1021 respondents in Pekanbaru City, Riau specifically, and Indonesia in general. Using the SEM-PLS analysis tool, a descriptive quantitative analysis method is used. Findings/Result: The study's findings indicate that a variety of interrelated elements, including cultural, personal, psychological, social, economic, and place-related aspects, have an impact on households' intake of fast food. The elements that have an impact on household decisions to consume fast food are described together with their relationship and influence, based on multiple direction connections. Conclusion: In summary Decisions on how much fast food to eat are heavily influenced by social and individual factors. This demonstrates how the decision to purchase fast food is influenced by factors such as household identity, social environment, and social media environment. Originality/value (State of the art): Research can reveal a true picture of the interactions between variables that have not been seen in earlier studies, offering managerial implications and contributions to the formulation of policies that directly affect Indonesia's fast-food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Considering the increasing prevalence of fast food consumption among teenagers, providing the necessary training and self-awareness is the best solution for institutionalizing the prevention of fast food consumption by this group. Therefore, this issue should be taken seriously, as should the implementation of educational interventions to prevent the consumption of fast food. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is one of the various health education styles and methods that works well. However, given that a number of local data points are crucial in establishing the efficacy of the model employed, this study looks into the impact of TPB-based education in preventing fast food intake among teenagers. Methods A total of 180 male students, ages 15 to 18, participated in this quasi-experimental study in Shiraz, Iran. Cluster sampling was used in the study, and participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (n = 90) and the control group (n = 90). A theory-based questionnaire was used to gather data, and both the control and experimental groups had to complete it before and three months after the intervention. The data were examined using paired t, independent t, and chi-square statistical tests after being entered into SPSS-24. Results The results of the independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the two study groups before the intervention in terms of knowledge (P = 0.14), attitude (P = 0.57), subjective norms (P = 0.94), perceived behavioral control (P = 0.81), behavioral intention (P = 0.42), or behavior (P = 0.25). However, following the intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups with regard to the noted variables (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the McNemar test results demonstrated that the experimental group’s consumption of fast food varied significantly before and after the intervention (P = 0.001), but not in the control group (P = 0.07). Conclusion The study’s findings demonstrated that TPB-based treatments are successful in helping male students change their habits of consuming fewer amounts of fast food. This study demonstrated that the instructional techniques employed improved the fast food consumption behavior of the intervention group as well as the TPB’s structure (attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and perceived behavioral intention).

Abstract Objectives To explore the promotion of fast food to lower-income adolescents on Instagram with the specific aims of (i) identifying the marketing strategies used by fast food brands on Instagram to promote fast food to Nigerian adolescents and (ii) examining the influence of these strategies on user engagement. Design A content analysis of posts from a 90-day period of the Instagram accounts of five fast-food brands in Nigeria was conducted. Overall, 576 posts were analysed, using a codebook developed based on the relevant literature, to identify adolescent-targeted strategies. User engagement was measured by number of likes each post received. Results The observed brands frequently utilised adolescent-targeted marketing strategies, with the most popular strategies being emotional appeal, ‘teen language’ and product appeal. The results of Mann-Whitney U tests revealed significant associations between the use of these promotional strategies and user engagement. Adolescent-aimed strategies like product appeal and competitions resulted in higher user engagement with fast food promotional content. Conclusion Fast food companies heavily target lower income adolescents through the use of Instagram. This raises health concerns related to the consumption of unhealthy food that arises from regular advertising in that demographic. Further, this exposure increases ad interactions that could cause adolescents to view fast foods more positively. Overall, findings indicate the need for actions aiming to limit and reduce the effect of adolescents’ exposure to fast food marketing on social media, to target the features of social media platforms which affords users the ability to interact with fast food advertisements.

Background: Hypercholesterolemia, defined as cholesterol levels of 200 mg/dl or above, is often attributable to lifestyle shifts, including changes in dietary habits, particularly noticeable in young adults. Objectives: This study seeks to establish the relationship between patterns of fast food and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, dietary fiber intake, and blood cholesterol levels in young adults. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 participants, selected through purposive sampling. The selection criteria included age between 18-25, non-smokers, no prior diagnosis of dyslipidemia or CHD, no family history of dyslipidemia, and not currently on a diet. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to gather data on fast food and SSB intake, dietary fiber intake was assessed through food records, and cholesterol levels were measured using the Easy Touch GCU tool. The chi-square likelihood test and Spearman rank were used to analyze the data. Results: The study revealed that 48% of participants had cholesterol levels of ≥200 mg/dl. Descriptive analysis showed that 46% of participants frequently consumed fast food, 53% frequently consumed SSBs, and all participants had a daily fiber intake of less than 25 g. Bivariate analysis revealed significant correlations between cholesterol levels and patterns of fast-food consumption (p-value=0.000), SSB intake (p-value=0.000), and dietary fiber intake (p-value=0.019), all with a negative directional correlation. Conclusions: Young adults with cholesterol levels of ≥200 mg/dl were predominantly those who frequently consumed fast food and SSBs, and had a low intake of dietary fiber.

Introduction: A high consumption of carbonated soft drinks (i.e., soda drinks) and fast food is potentially associated with the observed global rise in adolescent allergic diseases. Thus, our study aimed to examine the potential associations between the consumption of soda drinks and fast food and allergic conditions, identifying specific relationships across subgroups and each allergic condition (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis). Methods: This study uses large-scale data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (total n = 865,614). Soda drinks and fast food were defined by a self-reported questionnaire and allergic conditions by physician-diagnosed within 1 year. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the weighted odds ratios (ORs), along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for allergic diseases associated with the intake of soda drinks and fast food. Results: Among 865,614 adolescents in grades 7–12 (male, 51.40%), patients with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis were 18,568 (2.15%), 153,536 (17.74%), and 59,014 (6.82%), respectively. Current asthma was associated with soda drinks (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.12) and fast food consumption (1.25; 1.17–1.33). Interestingly, stronger associations were observed for female high schoolers, compared to male high schoolers and middle schoolers, in relation to the consumption of soda drinks (1.31; 1.19–1.44) and fast food (1.46; 1.26–1.69) with asthma. Current allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis had no significant association with fast food consumption and soda drinks. Conclusion: This first large-scale study suggests that fast food and soda drinks consumption are potentially associated with current asthma, with stronger associations observed in females than males, underscoring the need for sex-specific allergy prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work described in this paper investigates the impact of cause-related marketing on brand image and loyalty from the perspective of international fast-food chains. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with the managers to assess the current use of cause-related marketing practices (CrM) in fast-food chain restaurants. From the results of the interviews and review of literature, a model was developed including four variables, these are as follows: CrM, customer loyalty, brand image, and price increase. A self-administered structured questionnaire was designed to collect data on managers perspective of CrM, impact on brand image, customer loyalty, and price increase. Seven hundred and four questionnaires were distributed. Results from the study indicate that there is a correlation between CrM and brand and that there is a positive and significant and relationship between CrM and customer loyalty, CrM was found to have more effect on attitudinal loyalty than on behavioral loyalty. In addition, results revealed that brand image and customer loyalty are correlated. Regression analysis signified that customer loyalty is affected by brand image as the relationship between them is significant and positive. The study also found that brand image acted as a partial mediator between CrM and customer loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The long-term consumption of junk food products can lead to nutritional and metabolic imbalances, especially when it is associated with a lack of physical activity and the consumption of alcohol or other high-calorie products. Methods: The evaluation of junk food consumption among teenagers and young people in Romania was carried out with the help of a cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire. Results: A total number of 1017 respondents participated in this study, comprising 470 males and 547 females aged between 16 and 25 years. Although the majority of young people fell into the normal-weight category (607 of them, p < 0.0001), some aspects can be noted that in the long term can produce a series of nutritional imbalances: an increased tendency toward sedentarism, with 553 (p = 0.613) of the respondents declaring that they performed sports rarely or not at all, and a tendency toward relatively high consumption of foods high in calories (fast food products and especially fried potatoes, hamburgers, shawarma, pastries, and snacks, along with sweetened drinks and even alcoholic beverages). The respondents participating in this study even indicated a perceived addiction to the consumption of certain products: coffee (50.48%), fried potatoes (38.9%), hamburgers (37.05%), shawarma (31.65%), and snacks (30.08%). Many of these products are rich in calories, saturated fat, and even trans fat. Conclusions: This study highlights a series of aspects that can have long-term negative effects related to the excess weight associated with other imbalances: consumption preferences among young people for hypercaloric fast food products, sweetened drinks associated with reduced physical activity, and even the development of some forms of food addictions for a series of hypercaloric foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypercholesterolemia, defined as cholesterol levels of 200 mg/dl or above, is often attributable to lifestyle shifts, including changes in dietary habits, particularly noticeable in young adults. Objectives: This study seeks to establish the relationship between patterns of fast food and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, dietary fiber intake, and blood cholesterol levels in young adults. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 participants, selected through purposive sampling. The selection criteria included age between 18- 25, non-smokers, no prior diagnosis of dyslipidemia or CHD, no family history of dyslipidemia, and not currently on a diet. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to gather data on fast food and SSB intake, dietary fiber intake was assessed through food records, and cholesterol levels were measured using the Easy Touch GCU tool. The chi-square likelihood test and Spearman rank were used to analyze the data. Results: The study revealed that 48% of participants had cholesterol levels of ≥200 mg/dl. Descriptive analysis showed that 46% of participants frequently consumed fast food, 53% frequently consumed SSBs, and all participants had a daily fiber intake of less than 25 g. Bivariate analysis revealed significant correlations between cholesterol levels and patterns of fast-food consumption (p-value=0.000), SSB intake (p-value=0.000), and dietary fiber intake (p-value=0.019), all with a negative directional correlation. Conclusions: Young adults with cholesterol levels of ≥200 mg/dl were predominantly those who frequently consumed fast food and SSBs, and had a low intake of dietary fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Folia Pharmaceutica Cassoviensia is the property of University of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacy in Kosice and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the segments of public catering market both abroad and in Russia is fast food products [1]. Restaurants of this format have a wide audience due to their loyal pricing policy, availability and constant new products [2]. In addition, the fast food industry, through various media and advertising, contributes to solving consumer problems related to lack of time, difficulty in preparation and ease of consumption. At the same time, fast food contributes to a decrease in the quality of nutrition and deterioration in the health of both young people and adults.The goal of the research is to identify consumer preferences in the segment of semi-finished fish products, evaluate their quality and develop recipes for fish products for fast food restaurants.The objectives of the research include marketing research of consumer preferences when choosing semi-finished fish products, assessing the quality of semi-finished fish products sold in retail trade and fast food establishments, and developing recipes for semi-finished fish products for the fast food industry. To conduct a social survey, Google-form has been used, organoleptic assessment has been carried out using 5-point grading scale; physicochemical indicators have been studied using standard methods.Using the results of marketing research, it has been established that semi-finished fish products in the form of fish cutlets and sticks are in demand; consumers want to see new fish items on the menu of fast food restaurants. According to organoleptic assessment and physical and chemical research, it has been found that the best consumer organoleptic properties are found in fish cutlets from fast food restaurants «Vkusno i Tochka», «Burger King» and fish sticks sold in the «Perekrestok» chain of stores. According to physicochemical indicators, the studied samples of semi-finished fish products do not exceed 2.5% in the amount of table salt, 71% moisture and 37% fat.As new items for the fast industry, recipes for semi-finished fish products were developed in the form of nuggets with the addition of processed cheese, pork fat and strips, from longitudinal strips of fish, breaded and deep-fried at a temperature of 180 ° C until golden brown.

Background: Junk food consumption is associated with various health hazards, such as childhood obesity, hypertension, and juvenile diabetes. This study aims to investigate junk food consumption rate among children and adolescents from the rural and urban areas of a tertiary hospital in Puducherry, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children and adolescents in the urban and rural field practicing area of Aarupadai Veedu Medical College. The cluster sampling technique followed by age and gender stratification was used in each cluster interviewed using a quasi-structured questionnaire in a field practice area with about 360 samples. The statistical analysis used was nonparametric (chi-square test) and multiple logistic regressions. Results: The prevalence of junk food consumption in 144 children (5-12 years old) was 40% and in 90 adolescents (13-18 years old), it was 25%. The most common junk food eaten by the participants in 173 children was chocolate (38.88%) and in 73 adolescents, it was chips (38.02%). Junk food consumption was significantly more common per day and less than 3 days per week compared to the weekly thrice and 4 times frequency of junk consumption per week. The age category of 5-8 years had 2.73 higher junk food consumption compared to the age category of 13-18 years of age and it was statistically significant (P=0.001). The unemployed mother consumed 2.35 junk food compared to the employed mother, and was statistically significant (P=0.002). Urban had 2.41 higher junk food consumption compared to rural, which is statistically significant (P=0.001). Conclusion: The most common junk food, fast food, instant food, and street food eaten by children and adolescents were chocolate and chips, samosa, noodles, and golgappaa/pani puri, respectively. Junk food consumption was higher in children and urban compared to adolescents and rural, respectively. The literate father and unemployed mother were associated with increased. In a formal system, all schools should encourage balanced diets and draw attention to the adverse effects of junk food.

This study aims to determine the knowledge and understanding of elementary school students about nutritious food and fast food, as well as recommendations for balancing them. The method used is a quantitative method with an experimental research design. The intended target is elementary school students in grade 5. The subject is 20 students in one class. The research was carried out in 3 stages, (i) pre-test, (ii) education using lecture and picture methods about fast food and healthy food, and the last one was (iii) post-test were the questions given were the same questions as the pre-test. After being educated about healthy nutritious food and fast food, the results showed quite different results from the previous results, which increased by 9% from 71.25 to 81.25%. The ineffectiveness of this method was influenced by the pretest scores of respondents which are already large enough. Thus, the increase is not so large. With the results obtained from the research that has been carried out, it is hoped that school-age children can be better informed about the importance of a balanced intake of healthy food and fast food consumed by children.

Fast food restaurants are important for both residents and tourists in Macau because they serve as a common cultural and organizational entity. The objective of this study is to identify the attributes, consequences, and value of fast food consumption among tourists and residents in Macau and to compare hierarchical value maps between the two different groups. Data were collected in fast food restaurants in Macau. A hard laddering method was utilized based on Means-end chain theory, in order to identify how attributes of fast food are connected to consumers' final values. The findings indicate that good taste, brand reputation, and restaurant ambience are important attributes shared among tourists and residents. While brand familiarity and the lack of a language barrier were more important attributes to tourists, reasonable prices were the most important attribute that residents appreciated. This study provides useful insights that will enable fast food operators to develop and efficiently communicate their value propositions to their target customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: in order to collaborate with the ongoing research program on how markets intersect and overlap, this theoretical essay introduces the notion of market interdefinition agencing. Theoretical framework: the theoretical framework draws on previous constructivist market studies on the process of framing, overflowing, translation, and agencing in a market interaction context. Methods: to illustrate the market interdefinition agencing, this article uses a theoretical essay on slow and fast food markets. Results: this essay depicts how slow food can be seen as an overflow in opposition to fast food framing, agencing opposite sociotechnical elements for the construction of this new frame, and how slow food also contributes to a new fast food frame. Conclusion: first, this essay shows that both food markets entangle and disentangle sociotechnical elements that move away from or closer to each other, translating and agencing their sociotechnical arrangements. Second, market interdefinition agencing is delineated as a process of market interrelation that happens through the capacity of actors to shape markets, where a previous market is used as a reference to influence another market frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the link between fast-food consumption and oral health outcomes as measured by the mean number of decayed, missing due to dental disease, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and teeth with untreated dental caries. This study utilized data obtained from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). The data used was collected from 11,288 participants aged 20 and above from 2015 to 2018. The frequency of fast-food consumption was divided into two groups: "less than two meals over the past seven days" and "two meals or more over the past seven days." The mean number of DMFT and teeth with untreated dental caries were used to assess the participants' oral health. The link between fast-food consumption and these mean values was explored using Poisson regression analysis, in which confounding variables such as income, race, age, and sex were adjusted for. After adjusting for these variables, the results revealed that individuals who reported consuming two or more fast-food meals during the preceding seven days had higher mean numbers of DMFT and teeth with untreated dental caries compared to those who consumed less than two fast-food meals during the same period (adjusted mean ratio = 1.05; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.10 and mean ratio = 1.22; 95 % CI 1.01–1.47, respectively). Conclusion: This study revealed a link between poor oral health outcomes and fast-food consumption. Consequently, public health officials must focus on fast-food settings and availability of high-sugar-content items. Interventions that target fast-food outlets and what they offer may have a positive impact on oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out because we live in a world of constant change and high competition, where local fast-food brands in Chiclayo do not have an adequate position in the consumer's mind compared to international franchises established in our town. The general objective was to determine the influence of brand equity on the purchase intention for local fast-food brands among Chiclayo millennials. The model proposed includes the constructs of brand equity in various category of food products. This document is intended to contribute to society and the scientific community by providing strategic support to brand owners who work with this approach and individual managers. A quantitative approach was used, with a basic type, explanatory level, and non-experimental cross-sectional design, using Cronbach's alpha for reliability of the instrument and validity by expert judgment. Customers of local fast-food brands comprised the sample, with a total of 385 people surveyed independent of gender. SPSS v.27 and Microsoft Excel 2019 were used for simple random sampling. It was concluded that millennial consumers have regular brand equity and purchase intention for local fast-food brands, emphasizing that the knowledge dimension does not significantly influence purchase intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Mexico experienced a rapid expansion in highly industrialized food and beverage products. This has transformed supply and distribution structures and led to changes in dietary patterns. The objective of this paper is to explain how these transformations led to the configuration of a hybrid distribution and consumption scheme that affected the expenditure, frequency and quantities of ultra-processed and fast foods consumed in Mexican households during the period 2000-2020. This hybrid model is associated with an increase in diseases such as obesity and chronic degenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequency of fast food consumption among higher education students is high, causing worrying implications for public health. This study aims to relate the factors that influence the choice for fast food with social factors, nutritional status, and fast food consumption in a sample of higher education students in Portugal. An online questionnaire was developed and disseminated by social networks among students during the first half of 2023. Two hundred and thirty-seven students participated, mainly female (65.4%), who were attending public higher education institutions (59.1%), with a median of age of 20.0 (19.0; 22.0) years, and about 20% of the sample had overweight. Approximately 80% consumed fast food, and almost 40% consumed it more than once or twice a week. Predominantly (78.0%), they chose hamburger meals, spending EUR 8.0 per meal. The factors that most influenced the choice of fast food were ease or convenience of preparation (59.9%), price (48.5%), and flavor (28.3%). There were also differences between sexes and between those attending public and private higher education institutions regarding whether they usually consume fast food or not. The body mass index was positively associated with age (r: 0.142; p = 0.029) and with fast food spending (r: 0.146; p = 0.024). The results have implications for public health and clinical nutrition, and can support more effective strategies to improve food choices in higher education students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per- and polyfiuoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on paper packaging resist water and oil to effectively contain food and beverages. However, previous studies have established correlations between PFAS and several diseases including COVID-19, cancers, and obesity. The goal of this collaborative research between the Philippines and Singapore is to set a baseline for PFAS levels in local packaging with the intended outcome of further increasing awareness on these contaminants in Southeast Asia, providing a starting point for migration experiments and risk assessments on PFAS in commercially-available food contact materials and articles, and initiating policy developments on these substances in the Philippines. In this study, 15 different types of PFAS were analyzed in selected paper packaging used by major quick service restaurants (QSRs) in Metro Manila. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), PFAS was detected in 100% of the samples with a total PFAS concentration range of 8.20-97.7 ng PFAS/100 cm². The highest amount of PFAS compound measured across all samples was PF-3,7-DMOA (89.8 ng/100 cm²). PFAS compounds regulated in European packaging such as PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA were also detected in all samples but at trace levels. Paper wrappers for rice and small burgers were found to have the highest total PFAS of 97.7 ng PFAS/100 cm². This value translates to approximately 65.1 ng F/100 cm² which is way below 10,000 ng F/100 cm², the currently existing limit for PFAS in packaging set by the Danish Ministry of Environment and Food. While each packaging may be deemed safe compared to regulation, the compounded effects brought by use of multiple packaging, and high frequency and long-term exposures require further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmiah Pangan Halal is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In spite of the increasing attention on environmental sustainability, there is a dearth of knowledge about franchisees' pro‐environmental behaviors. This study aims to understand the factors that influence the extent to which franchisees engage in pro‐environmental behaviors in the fast‐food sector. The research is based on in‐depth interviews with franchisees operating restaurants in the fast‐food sector in France. The empirical evidence in this qualitative study shows how franchisees' pro‐environmental behaviors can be explained as a result of organizational and personal factors, thereby extending the theory of planned behavior, norm‐activation‐model and organizational support theory within the franchising context. This study offers avenues for more research on green practices in franchising, as well as in the hospitality sector and other sectors such as retailing. It provides important implications for franchise practitioners in the fast‐food sector on how to create a more environmentally sustainable business model. The findings offer the first known model of pro‐environmental behaviors of franchisees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Junk food consumption is associated with various health hazards, such as childhood obesity, hypertension, and juvenile diabetes. This study aims to investigate junk food consumption rate among children and adolescents from the rural and urban areas of a tertiary hospital in Puducherry, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children and adolescents in the urban and rural field practicing area of Aarupadai Veedu Medical College. The cluster sampling technique followed by age and gender stratification was used in each cluster interviewed using a quasi-structured questionnaire in a field practice area with about 360 samples. The statistical analysis used was nonparametric (chi-square test) and multiple logistic regressions. Results: The prevalence of junk food consumption in 144 children (5-12 years old) was 40% and in 90 adolescents (13-18 years old), it was 25%. The most common junk food eaten by the participants in 173 children was chocolate (38.88%) and in 73 adolescents, it was chips (38.02%). Junk food consumption was significantly more common per day and less than 3 days per week compared to the weekly thrice and 4 times frequency of junk consumption per week. The age category of 5-8 years had 2.73 higher junk food consumption compared to the age category of 13-18 years of age and it was statistically significant (P=0.001). The unemployed mother consumed 2.35 junk food compared to the employed mother, and was statistically significant (P=0.002). Urban had 2.41 higher junk food consumption compared to rural, which is statistically significant (P=0.001). Conclusion: The most common junk food, fast food, instant food, and street food eaten by children and adolescents were chocolate and chips, samosa, noodles, and golgappaa/pani puri, respectively. Junk food consumption was higher in children and urban compared to adolescents and rural, respectively. The literate father and unemployed mother were associated with increased. In a formal system, all schools should encourage balanced diets and draw attention to the adverse effects of junk food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: in order to collaborate with the ongoing research program on how markets intersect and overlap, this theoretical essay introduces the notion of market interdefinition agencing. Theoretical framework: the theoretical framework draws on previous constructivist market studies on the process of framing, overflowing, translation, and agencing in a market interaction context. Methods: to illustrate the market interdefinition agencing, this article uses a theoretical essay on slow and fast food markets. Results: this essay depicts how slow food can be seen as an overflow in opposition to fast food framing, agencing opposite sociotechnical elements for the construction of this new frame, and how slow food also contributes to a new fast food frame. Conclusion: first, this essay shows that both food markets entangle and disentangle sociotechnical elements that move away from or closer to each other, translating and agencing their sociotechnical arrangements. Second, market interdefinition agencing is delineated as a process of market interrelation that happens through the capacity of actors to shape markets, where a previous market is used as a reference to influence another market frame.

Background: With the expansion of the restaurant industry and the increased consumption of fast food, the hygiene of food ingredients and the quality of oils used in the frying process have gained significant importance. This article explores the levels of peroxides and polar compounds in edible oils used in fast food establishments in Noorabad city. Methods: Twenty-seven units were selected using the Cochran formula. Sampling from the selected units was conducted in two stages periodically on non-holiday days. The collected samples were transferred to the laboratory and analyzed according to the Iranian Industrial Standards and Research Institute Standard 4179. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, ANOVA, and post-hoc tests. Results: In the first sampling stage, 40.7% of the samples, and in the second stage, 29.6% exceeded the permissible limits for polar compounds. Significant correlations were found between the production of polar compounds, temperature, time, and the type of container used (p < 0.05). The amount of polar compounds increased with the use of oil for more than 20 minutes, with cast iron containers having the most significant impact compared to copper and aluminum containers. Additionally, significant differences were observed in peroxide production based on the type of container, time, and brand used (p < 0.05), with cast iron having the least impact Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the duration of oil usage, the type of container, and the brand used significantly affect the quality of oils used in fast food establishments. This information can contribute to improving processes and hygiene standards in these units, ultimately ensuring consumer health.

Abstract Background and purpose Overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age not only contribute to chronic diseases but also lead to fertility issues, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and psychological challenges. Among the detrimental behaviors associated with obesity, the consumption of fast foods and sedentary lifestyles have the most significant impact on weight gain and require effective interventions. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of an educational and counseling smartphone intervention in raising awareness and modifying behaviors related to sedentary behavior and fast food consumption in women with high body mass index. Materials and methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted with two parallel groups comprising 106 women of reproductive age who sought assistance at Urmia health centers in 2022. Participants with diverse social and economic backgrounds were included. They were randomly assigned to either a control group or an intervention group. Valid and reliable questionnaires were administered to assess awareness regarding sedentary behaviors and fast foods consumption, as well as engagement in sedentary behaviors and consumption of fast foods. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received educational and counseling sessions through a dedicated smartphone application. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20 software at a significance level of P

Abstract Introduction Fast food consumption is associated with excessive intake of energy‐dense foods; a major determinant of childhood obesity. The lack of data on the marketing strategies used to promote fast food to adolescents in low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) acts as a barrier to global efforts to reduce the marketing of unhealthy foods to young people around the world. Objectives This systematic review aimed to identify the adolescent‐directed marketing strategies of transnational fast food corporations in LMICs. Methods A systematic search of eight scientific databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, ProQuest, PsycInfo, Scopus and Google Scholar) was conducted. Following PRISMA guidelines, primary research articles written in English were included if they were published between 1 January 2010 and 30 December 2022, and reported any adolescent‐directed marketing activity undertaken by a transnational fast food company operating in a LMIC. Articles were excluded if they were not peer reviewed. The quality of the included articles was assessed using a condensed version of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research tool. Results Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. A narrative synthesis of these articles revealed that the most documented strategies used to promote fast food to adolescents in LMICs were the use of incentives or premium offers, product appeals, promotional characters and brand familiarity. These strategies were mostly observed on social media, suggesting that there are serious concerns about adolescent exposure to fast food via social media in developing settings, especially as contextual differences in the nature of such marketing were identified. Discussion The promotion of fast food to adolescents in LMICs is contextual in nature, with the nature of marketing strategies employed by transnational fast food corporations varying greatly across cultural and socio‐economic contexts. These findings are crucial for the development of guidelines and regulations restricting the marketing of fast food to adolescents in lower income settings, contributing to global efforts to reduce adolescent exposure to unhealthy food promotion.

Background: Malnutrition and poor weight gain has been reported in infants with congenital heart defects (CHDs); however data in older children with CHDs are limited. In order to obtain representative data on the nutritional status, dietary behavior, and potential influencing factors in school-aged children with CHDs, we performed a nationwide online survey. Methods: Patients aged 6 to 17 years registered in the German National Register for CHDs were asked to participate in this study by completing the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) eating study questionnaire in order to assess their self-reported dietary habits. The use of the same questionnaire enabled a comparison with a representative subset of 4569 participants of the KiGGS study. Results: A total of 894 patients (mean age 12.5 ± 3.0 years; 47.2% female) were enrolled. Patients were allocated according to anatomic complexity into simple (23.8%), moderate (37.8%), and complex CHDs (38.4%). The consumption of sugar-containing food (p < 0.001) and fast food (p < 0.05) was significantly lower among the CHD patients than in the healthy children. Children with CHDs showed significantly lower body mass index (BMI) percentiles (p < 0.001) compared with their healthy peers, while children with complex and moderate CHDs had the lowest BMI. While in CHD patients, the BMI percentiles were not related to unhealthy food, there was a strong correlation with the CHD severity and number of previous interventions (p < 0.01). Conclusions: According to this nationwide survey, school-aged children with complex CHD are at risk of undernutrition, which is not due to dietary habits but to CHD severity and repeated surgery.

Background: High intake of fast food has been linked to increased risks of both depressive and anxiety disorders. However, associations between individual fast-food items and depressive/anxiety disorders are rarely examined. Method: Using cross-sectional survey the association between common fast-food items and depressive/anxiety symptoms among 142 young Hong Kong adults aged 18–27 years old was examined. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire was employed to measure the intake frequency of 22 common fast-food items found in Hong Kong. Occurrence of significant depressive and anxiety symptoms was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. Primary measures were multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms compared with the low intake frequency group for common fast-food items. Results: Our observations suggest that frequent intake of high-fat, -sugar, and -sodium fast-foods increased depressive symptoms, while frequent high-fat fast-food intake was associated with anxiety symptoms. However, frequent intake of sugar-free beverages reduced the risk of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Habitual intake of certain fast foods were related to depressive/anxiety symptoms in young adults.

While a number of studies have explored consumer attitudes and behaviors towards green brands, the importance of green brand image for mainstream brands is less well understood. This study seeks to explore if the green image of mainstream fast food brands influences consumer loyalty and how their attitudes towards and knowledge of environmental issues may affect perceptions of the environmental performance of fast food brands. Using data gathered from a convenience sample of 2001 Gen Y and Gen Z consumers in France, our study establishes a critical linkage between consumers' environmental values and brand loyalty by including green brand image as a mediator. Further, by exploring mainstream brands, rather than brands that are positioned primarily on green attributes, we find that the mediating effect of green brand image may be dependent on the brand positioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age not only contribute to chronic diseases but also lead to fertility issues, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and psychological challenges. Among the detrimental behaviors associated with obesity, the consumption of fast foods and sedentary lifestyles have the most significant impact on weight gain and require effective interventions. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of an educational and counseling smartphone intervention in raising awareness and modifying behaviors related to sedentary behavior and fast food consumption in women with high body mass index. Materials and methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted with two parallel groups comprising 106 women of reproductive age who sought assistance at Urmia health centers in 2022. Participants with diverse social and economic backgrounds were included. They were randomly assigned to either a control group or an intervention group. Valid and reliable questionnaires were administered to assess awareness regarding sedentary behaviors and fast foods consumption, as well as engagement in sedentary behaviors and consumption of fast foods. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received educational and counseling sessions through a dedicated smartphone application. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20 software at a significance level of P < 0.05. Findings: The results of a statistical t-test indicated a noteworthy disparity between the control and intervention groups concerning the average awareness scores related to fast foods consumption (P < 0.001) and sedentary behaviors (P < 0.001) before and 3 months after the intervention. Additionally, a substantial statistical difference was observed in the mean consumption of fast foods (P < 0.001) and hours of sedentary behaviors (P < 0.001) before and 3 months after the intervention when comparing the two groups. Conclusion: Educational and counseling programs, when applied effectively, can serve the dual purpose of enhancing awareness concerning sedentary behaviors and fast foods consumption while concurrently fostering a reduction in the prevalence of these behaviors. The study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT Id: IRCT20210722051953N1) at 04/08/2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital platforms for the sale of fast food have experienced high growth in recent years. However, there are still human, technological and idiosyncratic factors that limit the extension of this practice, particularly in Portoviejo. A mixed qualitative-quantitative approach was used to collect data on the use of this type of platform in the commercialization of food among users and entrepreneurs. Allowing a better understanding from the point of view of each user segment that can be favored by this type of service. The results show that this type of service has a high acceptance but there are still problems that prevent its proper development. Mainly factors of cultural origin, technological access and confidence in distribution mechanisms are still limiting the growth and scope of digital platforms in the analyzed environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this study was to examine the socio-demographic and economic factors associated with the consumption of processed foods in South Africa. This is an empirical study where secondary data analysis was performed from the South African Demographic and Health Survey VII. A nationally representative sample of 10,336 participants (aged ≥15 years) was included in the analysis. Using regression models, we studied the association between socio-demographic and economic predictors and the intake of processed foods. The regression models found that the odds of consumption of any type of processed foods were significantly high in all South African provinces but specifically higher in urban settings, those with any level of education, and young adults. The odds of processed meat consumption were significantly higher among the coloured population, while that of fried food, fast food, and salty snacks was significant in the white population. The odds of consumption increased irrespective of marital status and were higher among males, specifically among those in the poorer and poorest wealth quintiles. These findings warrant advocacy and action for healthy food choices in the population. The role of industry, ethnic vulnerability, and gender stereotypes in food preparation are areas that need priority attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Travel & Tourism Research is the property of Journal of Travel & Tourism Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pepsi's recent advertisement campaign, which features the tagline #BetterWithPepsi, was launched in honor of National Burger Day. The campaign has been promoted across all social media platforms and showcases portraits of fast-food packaging that incorporate Pepsi's signature colors into the branding of popular fast-food chains such as Burger King, McDonald's, and Wendy's. This advertisement has been analyzed using semiotic theory by Roland Barthes, who suggests that the use of the advertisement is akin to a collaboration or combination between fast food and drinks that complement each other, such as Pepsi. The tagline #BetterWithPepsi implies that the public will consume food and drinks that are always together, thereby creating a mindset that associates the consumption of food with the use of Pepsi. The advertisement's use of semiotics is evident in the incorporation of Pepsi's colors into the branding of other fast-food chains, which creates a visual association between the two. This association is further reinforced by the tagline, which suggests that the consumption of food is incomplete without the addition of Pepsi. The advertisement's effectiveness can be attributed to its ability to tap into the public's desire for convenience and the need for a complete dining experience. By positioning Pepsi as an essential component of the fast-food experience, the advertisement creates a sense of loyalty and brand recognition among consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

McDonald’s continues its conquest of the world. The hamburger is not, contrary to what is often claimed, an American diet for adolescents. It represents the first food that undermines all culinary cultures and destroys traditional ways of eating. It plays on the crisis of social and family institutions. It is also a prototype of modernist business which, under the guise of psychologizing the work relationship, disqualifies men as much as customers or food. McDonalds represents the most famous brand in the world after Coca-Cola. McDonald’s with 80,000 billion hamburgers sold worldwide and its presence in more than 80 countries still stands out. McDonald’s is also my marketing strategy. Technical management represents all power. It is not only the sum of particular standards of manufacturing and marketing of products. It represents a conception of life in business and society. McDonald's marketing is above all unforgettable names like Big Mac, Potatoes, Caramel Sunday, Happy Meal, Mac Flurry... These few words resonate with millions of people around the world and prove to what extent McDonald's marketing is well thought out. In this article, we will see how McDonald’s marketing strategy works and how it has evolved. McDonald's has been a pioneer in fast food marketing, from its early days, when clowns like Ronald McDonald's were used to attract children to more sophisticated strategies like working with influencers, social media campaigns, or numerous product placements. Its main objective is to increase sales by targeting specific audiences, a classic in marketing, but we will see all of that in detail in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]