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Hemodialysis access has been considered as a support for end-stage renal patients. We measured the hemodynamic changes of the distal part of the upper extremity immediately after providing the AVGs in each method mentioned above and then compared the results. This method is a novel one and hasn’t been used in any other studies before. We studied 32 patients referred to the vascular surgery department of Rasht Razi Hospital between 2019-2020 (using the Convenient Sampling method). This study is a case-control study. Out of 32 patients referred to the vascular surgery department of the hospital, 68.8% were male, and their mean age was 53.41±12.75 years, ranging from 28 to 78 years. Changes in distal arterial hemodynamics of the upper limb before and after clamping in dialysis venoarterial loop versus straight grafts are different in studied patients (P<0.05). The mean hemodynamic changes before and after clamping in loop venoarterial grafts (19.5000) are less than straight grafts. In dialysis patients who do not have any superficial vein suitable for venous, arterial fistula, surgical placement of artificial grafts in the upper limb is appropriate. Based on the results of this study, the loop method seems to have lesser ischemic Complications and can be applied to dialysis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a severe form of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hemodialysis has increased the life expectancy in patients with renal failure. The most common complication of vascular access is thrombosis in lines. Medical interventions such as anti-thrombolytic drugs can be more effective and affordable. In this study, we aimed to evaluate streptokinase efficacy on the success rate and secondary patency rate of thrombosed hemodialysis catheters. Methods: In this prosepective study, 34 dialysis patients with thrombosed permicaths who entered to Razi hospital, were examined. The study population included the hospital during one year and three months. The cases received streptokinase, three times according to protocol. Each of the successful cases had been controlled after three months. After collection, the data were analyzed by SPSS version 21. Results: The frequency of males and females was too close. Findings showed that the Streptokinase was effective in 80 % of patients. And this effect continued for 22.1±18.2 months on average, and more than 70 % of patients' permcaths can be used after 3 months. More than 90% of patients didn't report any allergic reactions, and the allergic reactions have been limited to fever, nausea and back pain. Conclusion: The study showed although the replacement of occluded dialysis catheters is expensive and invasive, using streptokinase is effective and affordable, and is more secure than invasive methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food intake and appetite in birds can be adjusted by the complex homeostatic control mechanisms. There seem to be many similarities between mammalian and avian species in terms of the regulatory feeding systems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ICV injection of spexin and its interaction with GalR and NPY receptors on central food intake regulation and nutritional behavior in broiler chickens. In experiment 1, chicken received ICV injection of saline, spexin (2.5 nmol), spexin (5 nmol) and spexin (10 nmol). In experiment 2, birds received ICV injection of saline, B5063 (NPY 1 receptor antagonist 1.25 µg), spexin (10 nmol) and B5063 + spexin. In experiments 3-6, SF22 (NPY 2 receptor antagonist,1.25 µg), ML0891 (NPY 5 receptor antagonist,1.25 µg), M871 (GalR 2 receptor antagonist,10 nmol) and SNAP37889 (GalR 3 receptor antagonist,10 nmol) were injected in chickens instead of B5063. Then food intake was measured until 120 min after the injection and nutritional behavior was monitored at 30 min after the injection. Based on the data, a dose-dependent hypophagia was observed by the injection of spexin (P < 0.05). Concomitant injection of B5063 + spexin enhanced spexin-induced hypophagia (P < 0.05). Co-injection of SNAP37889 + spexin (10 nmol) attenuated -induced hypophagia (P < 0.05). Spexin (5 and 10 nmol) decreased number of steps, jumps, the exploratory food and pecks at 15 min after the injection (P < 0.05). Spexin (5 and 10 nmol) decreased standing time while siting time and rest time increased at 10 min after injection (P < 0.05). Based on observations, spexin-induced hypophagia could be mediated by NPY 1 and GalR 3 receptors in neonatal broiler chickens., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)