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Background: The accuracy of current laboratory and imaging studies for diagnosis and monitoring of Parkinsons disease (PD) severity is low and diagnosis is mainly dependent on clinical examination. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that can assess the chemical profile of the brain. In this study, we evaluated the utility of proton MRS in diagnosis of PD and determination of its severity. Methods: Patients with PD and healthy age-matched controls were studied using proton MRS. The level of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), total creatine (Cr), and total choline (Cho), and their ratios were calculated in substantia nigra (SN), putamen (Pu), and motor cortex. PD severity was assessed by the Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Results: Compared to 25 healthy controls (18 men, age: 59.00 ± 8.39 years), our 30 patients with PD (24 men, age: 63.80 ± 12.00 years, 29 under treatment) showed no significant difference in the metabolite ratios in SN, Pu, and motor cortex. Nigral level of NAA/Cr was significantly correlated with total UPDRS score in patients with PD (r = -0.35, P = 0.08). Moreover, patients with PD with Hoehn and Yahr scale score ≥ 2 had a lower NAA/Cr level in SN compared to patients with a lower stage. Conclusion: This study shows that 1.5 tesla proton MRS is unable to detect metabolite abnormalities in patients with PD who are under treatment. However, the NAA/Cr ratio in the SN might be a useful imaging biomarker for evaluation of disease severity in these patients.

BACKGROUND:There is controversial evidence about the effect of cerebellar low-frequency stimulation in patients with essential tremor (ET). OBJECTIVES:In this study we assessed safety and effectiveness of 1 Hz (low-frequency) cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on tremor severity in patients with essential tremor in a sham-controlled crossover trial. METHODS:A total of 23 patients assigned into two groups to receive either sham (n = 10) or rTMS (n = 13) treatment, with crossing over after a two-month washout period. Intervention consisted of 900 pulses of 1 Hz rTMS at 90% resting motor threshold or the same protocol of sham stimulation over each cerebellar hemisphere for 5 consecutive days. Tremor severity was assessed by Fahn-Tolosa-Marin (FTM) scale at baseline and at days 5, 12 and 30 after intervention. The FTM consists of 3 subscales including tremor severity rating, performance of motor tasks, and functional disability. Carry-over and treatment effects were analyzed using independent samples t-test. RESULTS:There was no significant improvement in the total FTM scores in rTMS compared to the sham stimulation on day 5 (p = 0.132), day 12 (p = 0.574), or day 30 (p = 0.382). Similarly, FTM subscales, including tremor severity rating, motor tasks, and functional disability did not improve significantly after rTMS treatment. Mild headache and local pain were the most frequent adverse events. CONCLUSION:Although cerebellar rTMS seems to have acceptable safety when used in ET patients, this study could not prove any efficacy for it in reduction of tremor in these patients. Larger studies are needed to evaluate efficacy of this therapeutic intervention and to provide evidence about the optimal stimulation parameters.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between dysphonia severity index (DSI), speech disease and voice severity of Parkinson disease (PD) patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out on 45 randomly selected PD patients with the age range of 50 to 75 years. The Hoehn and Yahr scale (H.Y scale) was employed to measure the severity of PD. To measure the DSI, we required detecting the acoustic features of the voice, such as shimmer (dB), vital capacity (VC), semitone range (STR), and voice onset time (VOT); therefore, the participants were asked to produce the vowel /a/ three times for calculating the variables, i.e., STR, VOT, fundamental frequency (F0), second formant (F2), and shimmer (dB). Their voices were analyzed by the Praat software (version 6.0.23). F0 and F2 were utilized to calculate the STR. The VOT was assessed by analyzing the spectrograph of the syllable /pa/. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to understand the correlation between DSI scores and the stage of PD (Y.H scale); the P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A significant relationship was detected between severe DSI and the stage of PD. Meanwhile, the DSI score was statistically significant compared to the scores of the other four groups (P

Farzadfard et al. present a comprehensive analysis of a range of C-terminal truncations of aSN, linking the importance of high C-terminus charge for decreased fibrillation rates. The ability to formation oligomers, to disrupt synthetic vesicles and cell toxicity was reduced with truncated aSN, aiding in understanding of the intramolecular interactions of aSN which promote/inhibit aggregation.

Methods to quantitatively study liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins are lacking. Here the authors report Capillary flow experiments (Capflex) for the quantification of key LLPS parameters; they study Ddx4, the RP3 peptide and the aberrant liquid-to-solid phase transition of α-synuclein.

Let V be a vector space over the binary field F 2 = { 0 , 1 } with dim V ≥ 2 . If W = { W 1 , ... , W n } is a family of hyperplanes of V, one says that W is an irredundant covering for V provided that W covers V, that is, ∪ i = 1 n W i = V and no proper subfamily of W covers V. We show that W is an irredundant covering for V if and only if the following three conditions are satisfied: (i) n is odd, (ii) dim V / ∩ i = 1 n W i = n − 1 , and (iii) any (n − 1) -fold intersection of the elements of W has codimension n – 1. Moreover, we show that for any odd integer n with 3 ≤ n ≤ dim V + 1 there is an irredundant hyperplane covering for V with n elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ionizing radiation plays a significant role in cancer treatment. Despite recent advances in radiotherapy approaches, the existence of irradiation-resistant cancer cells is still a noteworthy challenge. Therefore, developing novel therapeutic approaches are still warranted in order to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation. Many types of research rely on the role of mitochondria in radiation protection. Objective: Here, we aimed to target the mitochondria of monocyticleukemia (THP-1) radio-resistant cell line cells by a mitochondrial disrupting peptide, D (KLAKLAK)2, and investigate the synergistic effect of Gamma-irradiation and KLA for tumor cells inhibition in vitro. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, KLA was delivered into THP-1 cells using a Cell-Penetrating Peptide (CPP).The cells were then exposed to gamma-ray radiation both in the presence and absence of KLA conjugated with CPP. The impacts of KLA, ionizing radiation or combination of both were then evaluated on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of THP-1 cells using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: The MTT assay indicated the anti-proliferative effects of combined D (KLAKLAK)2 peptide with ionizing radiation on THP-1cells. Moreover, synergetic effects of KLA and ionizing radiation reduced cell viability and consequently enhanced cell apoptosis. Conclusion: Using KLA peptide in combination with ionizing irradiation increases the anticancer effects of radio-resistant THP-1 cells. Therefore, the combinational therapy of (KLAKLAK)2 and radiation is a promising strategy for cancer treatment the in future.

Protein misfolding and aggregation are involved in several neurodegenerative disorders, such as α‐synuclein (αSyn) implicated in Parkinson's disease, where new therapeutic approaches remain essential to combat these devastating diseases. Elucidating the microscopic nucleation mechanisms has opened new opportunities to develop therapeutics against toxic mechanisms and species. Here, we show that naturally occurring molecular chaperones, represented by the anti‐amyloid Bri2 BRICHOS domain, can be used to target αSyn‐associated nucleation processes and structural species related to neurotoxicity. Our findings revealed that BRICHOS predominantly suppresses the formation of new nucleation units on the fibrils surface (secondary nucleation), decreasing the oligomer generation rate. Further, BRICHOS directly binds to oligomeric αSyn species and effectively diminishes αSyn fibril‐related toxicity. Hence, our studies show that molecular chaperones can be utilized as tools to target molecular processes and structural species related to αSyn neurotoxicity and have the potential as protein‐based treatments against neurodegenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

مقدمه: لوسمي لنفوبلاستی حاد (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia یا ALL) شايع‌ترين لوسمي در كودكان است. تغییر در بیان miRNAها در ALL اتفاق می‌افتد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی اهمیت miR-128، miR-144-3p، miR-181b و miR-451 در روند تشخیص و پاسخ به درمان در کودکان مبتلا به لوسمی حاد لنفوبلاستی B است. روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، نمونه‌های سرم از 12 كودك مبتلا به لوسمی حاد لنفوبلاستی B در زمان تشخیص (گروه مورد) و همچنین، 12 فرد سالم به عنوان گروه شاهد، جمع‌آوری شده است. پس از درمان، بار دیگر از این بیماران نمونه‌گیری شد و مقدار بیان miR-128، miR-144-3p، miR-181b و miR-451 در بیماران در دو مرحله‌ی تشخیص و پس از درمان بررسی شد. یافته‌ها: بیان miR-144-3p در گروه مورد نسبت به گروه شاهد کاهش (26/0 برابر و 020/0 = P) و در زمان بعد از درمان نسبت به قبل از درمان افزایش داشت (4 برابر و 001/0 > P). علاوه بر این، بیان miR-128 (11/0 برابر و 006/0 = P) و miR-181b (34/0 برابر و 040/0 = P) در وضعیت پس از درمان در مقایسه با قبل از درمان به طور معنی‌داری کاهش داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: کاهش بیان miR-144-3p می‌تواند به عنوان نشانگر تشخیصی و در مقابل، افزایش بیان این miRNA می‌تواند به منظور پی‌گیری پاسخ به درمان در بیماران ALL به کار رود. علاوه بر این، بیان کاهشی miR-128 و miR-181b پس از درمان بیماران، نشان می‌دهد که این miRNAها می‌توانند به عنوان نشانگرهای درمانی در کودکان ALL پیشنهاد شوند.

Introduction This paper concerns an application of the modulus of continuity in characterizing geodesics. The modulus of continuity of a continuous function between metric spaces is a two variable function which assigns to each point and to each positive epsilon the greatest positive delta that satisfies the definition of continuity at that point. It is shown that if f is a function of the real numbers into a metric space, then linearity of its modulus of continuity implies that f is locally geodesic, that is, it locally preserves metric. Geodesics appear in several branches of mathematics as well as gravitational physics and general relativity. In mathematics, topics such as Riemannian geometry make extensive use of geodesics. In fact, geodesics represents the shortest paths. So for example, a mass that moves in the vacuum under the gravity passes through a geodesic. Material and Methods In Section 2 we first deal with some essential properties of the modulus of continuity. Then we mainly focus on continuous functions from the real numbers to metric spaces whose modulus of continuity is linear. In two theorems we characterize such functions and show that they are in fact locally geodesic. Results and Discussion The main result demonstrates that a continuous function with linear modulus of continuity falls into three classes: the class of functions that preserves metric with a coefficient, the class of functions that preserves metric on two rays whose intersection is a singleton, and the class of functions that preserves metric on two rays whose intersection is a closed interval of positive length. We then turn to locally convex metric spaces and show that the third class does not appear in such spaces. Finally, we apply our results to the case where both domain and range of function is the real line. Conclusion The following conclusions has been drawn in this paper: Essential properties of the modulus of continuity…….? Characterizing continuous functions of the real line into metric spaces whose modulus of continuity is linear. Dealing with continuous functions of the real line into locally convex metric spaces whose modulus of continuity is linear../files/site1/files/63/10.pdf

Ehsan Farzadfard,1 Tahereh Kalantari,2 Gholamhossein Tamaddon3,4 1School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 2Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 3Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 4Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranCorrespondence: Gholamhossein Tamaddon Building 99, Narvan Street, Shiraz 74616-86688, Tel +98 71 3227 2315Fax +98 71 3227-0238Email tamaddon.g@gmail.comPurpose: MicroRNAs are small single-strand noncoding RNAs that can be deregulated in a variety of cancers. Over the past few years, multiple markers have been discovered in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Among these, miRNAs seem to have important roles in the pathogenesis of CLL. The development and validation of miRNA-expression patterns as biomarkers should have a significant impact in cancer diagnosis, therapeutic success, and increasing the life expectancy of patients. In this study, to specify the utility of circulatory miRNA expression as noninvasive and useful biomarkers for CLL, we analyzed the dysregulation of seven miRNAs: miR30d, miR25-3p, miR19a-3p, miR133b, miR451a, miR145, and miR144 in CLL-patient sera.Methods: Thirty untreated patients with flow-cytometry confirmation of CLL were chosen. Serum samples were collected from 30 newly diagnosed CLL patients. Fifteen healthy samples were taken for comparison as controls. RNA was extracted using Trizol. RNA from CLL patient specimens was compared to controls with real-time PCR.Results: Seven miRNAs were differently expressed between CLL and normal specimens using the comparative 2−ΔΔCt method. miRNAs 133b, 25-3p, 451a, 145, 19a-3p, and 144 were overexpressed in sera obtained from CLL patients, and miRNA-30d was underexpressed in patient samples. Among these seven miRNAs, miR19a-3p and miR25-3p showed the most deregulation in CLL patients.Conclusion: Real-time PCR is an applied means to perform high-throughput investigation of serum-RNA samples. We assessed the expression of seven miRNAs in CLL patients by this method. The results demonstrated that the use of miRNA-expression profiling may have an impressive role in the diagnosis of CLL. In addition, miRNA 19a-3p and 25-3p are known oncogenes with therapeutic and potential biomarkers.Keywords: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, circulatory microRNAs, noncoding RNA, real-time PCR

Background: There is controversial evidence about the effect of cerebellar low-frequency stimulation in patients with essential tremor (ET). Objectives: In this study we assessed safety and effectiveness of 1 Hz (low-frequency) cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on tremor severity in patients with essential tremor in a sham-controlled crossover trial. Methods: A total of 23 patients assigned into two groups to receive either sham (n = 10) or rTMS (n = 13) treatment, with crossing over after a two-month washout period. Intervention consisted of 900 pulses of 1 Hz rTMS at 90% resting motor threshold or the same protocol of sham stimulation over each cerebellar hemisphere for 5 consecutive days. Tremor severity was assessed by Fahn-Tolosa-Marin (FTM) scale at baseline and at days 5, 12 and 30 after intervention. The FTM consists of 3 subscales including tremor severity rating, performance of motor tasks, and functional disability. Carry-over and treatment effects were analyzed using independent samples t-test. Results: There was no significant improvement in the total FTM scores in rTMS compared to the sham stimulation on day 5 (p = 0.132), day 12 (p = 0.574), or day 30 (p = 0.382). Similarly, FTM subscales, including tremor severity rating, motor tasks, and functional disability did not improve significantly after rTMS treatment. Mild headache and local pain were the most frequent adverse events. Conclusion: Although cerebellar rTMS seems to have acceptable safety when used in ET patients, this study could not prove any efficacy for it in reduction of tremor in these patients. Larger studies are needed to evaluate efficacy of this therapeutic intervention and to provide evidence about the optimal stimulation parameters.

Introduction: Constipation and distension are dominant gastrointestinal problems after stroke in the elderly. Always they are treated by the use of laxatives and fibers. Abdominal massage along with a healthy lifestyle can be a solution. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of abdominal massage and lifestyle training on constipation and distention of the elderly with stroke. Method: This study was a randomized clinical trial that was conducted on elderly patients with stroke at Qaem hospital of Mashhad, Iran. 68 patients were randomly allocated into control (n = 34) and intervention (n = 34) groups in 2017−2018. Finally 29 elderly in the intervention and 34 in the control group completed the study. Intervention included the abdominal massage by using ''I LOV U'' method along with lifestyle education. Each abdominal massage lasted for 15 min, twice daily for ten days that was performed at first session by the researcher and then continued by the key care giver. Data were collected by the demographic form, constipation assessment score (CAS), distension measurement tool (meter), and food tolerance evaluation checklist. Results: The results indicated that both groups were homogeneous in demographic variables (P > 0.05). The repeated ANOVA showed a more significant decrease in abdominal circumference of the intervention group during the 10- days study (P = 0.029).The Friedman test showed a significant difference in frequency of defecation in two groups in 10- day study (P < 0.0001). Therefore the CAS Score was significantly decreased in intervention group more than the control group (0.30 < 0.98 < 1.59, P = 0.001, EF = 0.44). The food tolerance frequencies through Gavage (P = 0.20), and also orally (P < 0.001) were significantly improved in the intervention group. Conclusion: According to results, the abdominal massage along with lifestyle training could improve constipation and distension and also increase food intake tolerance in the elderly patients with stroke.

Background: About 50% of stroke patients suffer from the disorder of consciousness with such adverse effects as sensory deprivation. The provision of a care program consisting of simple and safe stimulations can prevent sensory deprivation and improve the patient’s sensory function. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of structured sensory stimulation program on the sensory function of the patients with stroke-induced disorder of consciousness. Method: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients with stroke-induced disorder of consciousness admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups of control and intervention. The patients in the intervention group were subjected to a sensory stimulation program consisting of auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and motor stimulations for 14 consecutive days. The sensory function was measured every day before and after the intervention using the Sensory Modality Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique (SMART) instrument. On the other hand, the control group received the routine care. The data were analyzed in the SPSS version 11.5 using the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test. Results: According to the results, the patients in the intervention and control groups had the mean ages of 66.2±8.9 and 63.8±10.8, respectively. The pre-intervention SMART scores of the two groups were homogenous (P=0.23). However, the independent t-test showed that the final SMART score was significantly higher (P

Interesting phenomena of reflex epileptic syndromes are characterized by epileptic seizures each one induced by specific stimulus with a variety of types. Simple triggers, which lead to seizures within seconds, are of sensory type (most commonly visual, most rarely tactile or proprioceptive stimuli). Complex triggers, which are mostly of cognitive type such as praxis, reading, talking, and music, usually induce the epileptic event within minutes. It should differ from what most epileptic patients report as provocative precipitants for seizures (such as emotional stress, fatigue, fever, sleep deprivation, alcohol, and menstrual cycle). The identification of a specific trigger is not only important for patients or their parents to avoid seizures, but also it might help neurologists to choose the most effective antiepileptic drug for each case. In addition, research in this area may possibly reveal some underlying pathophysiology of epileptic phenomena in the brain.In this review, we briefly introduce reported reflex epileptic seizures, their clinical features and management.

Purpose: To investigate whether microRNA (MIR)-184 mutations make a substantial contribution to keratoconus (KCN) among affected Iranian patients. Methods: A total of 47 Iranian KCN patients, diagnosed based on family history, clinical examinations using slit lamp biomicroscopy, refraction and corneal topography were enrolled in this study. The pri-miR-184 encoding gene obtained from the DNAs of all participants was amplified using polymerase chain reaction and subsequently sequenced by the Sanger dideoxynucleotide protocol. The sequences were compared to MIR184 reference sequence in order to identify sequence variations. The potential effects of a single variation observed on RNA structure was predicted. Results: Only one sequence variation, +39G >T, was observed within the pri-miR-184 encoding sequence in one proband. The patient's KCN-affected sister harbored the same variation. The variation was not novel and was recently shown to be present at similar frequencies among large cohorts of KCN patients and control individuals. Conclusion: Mutations in MIR-184 are not a major cause of keratoconus among Iranian patients. The pri-miR-184 sequence needs to be screened in larger cohorts in order to establish whether mutations in the gene are present at low frequencies among Iranian patients.

Introduction: Cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a life threatening condition that needs rapid diagnosis and treatment. It appears comparatively more common in Middle East and South Asia. Objectives: To determine the demographic, clinical patterns, etiologies and prognostic factors of CVST in the North East of Iran. Materials and Methods: All adult patients admitted with a documented diagnosis of CVST from January 2011 to March 2012 in an academic hospital in the North East of Iran, entered this prospective descriptive study. The patients' demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, laboratory and brain imaging findings, treatment options were also studied. Follow-up visits were performed at month 1, 6, and then at month 12 using modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Findings were analyzed using descriptive tests and Chi square test in SPSS software version 21. Results: Sixty patients (13.3% men, 86.7% women) with mean age of 38.11±11.30 years were identified. Fifty one cases (85%) had a clinical picture of increased intracranial pressure. Causes included positive antiphospholipid antibodies in 3.3%, protein C, S and anti thrombin III deficiency in 5%, 1.7% and 3.3%, polycythemia in 1.7%, infections in 1.7%, postpartum in 9.6% of women, and using Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) in 65.38%. We found 10% mortality rate on discharge and 11.9% within 30 days and 42.7% rate of death or dependency at month 12. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that the use of OCPs was a main factor associated with CVST especially in association with inherited hypercoagulable state.

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in the world after the cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Genetic factors have main significance to got stroke. Renin-angiotensin system contains candidate genes and polymorphisms for causing stroke. There are reported associations between stroke and angiotensin II type-1 receptor g. 1166A > C polymorphism (rs5186). Therefore in this study this association was investigated for the east Iranian population. This study is based on 201 stroke patients and 220 controls. To predict the genetic risk of stroke allele and genotype frequencies of angiotensin II type-1 receptor rs5186 were analyzed in this population according to stroke subtypes, gender, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, high and low density lipoprotein and triglycerides. According to statistical analysis no significant difference was found between case and control groups. But there were a significant relevance between total cholesterol and stroke (p = 0.037). In this population angiotensin II type-1 receptor g. 1166A > C polymorphism did not increase the risk of stroke. The main reason for this study is complex nature of gene-environment interactions in the pathophysiology of this disease.

Introduction: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a unilateral, recurrent, sharp facial pain disorder that is limited to the distribution of divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BTX-A) for alleviating the frequency and severity of TN pain. Materials and Methods: This trial was performed as a before and after study. We treated 31 patients (15 male and 16 female) with mean age of 52 year old that their diagnosis was made at least 4.5 years before. We injected BTX-A in various parts of face and particularly in the origin of mandibular and maxillary branches of trigeminal nerve. Injection volume was determined by the necessity and pain intensity measured with visual analog scale up to 100U. Patients were evaluated before and after the injection and were followed after week, and each month, for a three months period. Other related variables were recorded such as: toxin complications, pain status variations by brushing, chewing, cold weather and patient’s satisfaction with their therapy. Results: showed that after injection, pain intensity and frequency decreased after tooth brushing, chewing and cold weather (P

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by high levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity which may result in mothers’ stress. The current study aims to compare stress among 45 mothers of ADHD children who had referred to “Rofeydeh psychiatric center” with 45 mothers of normal children. Methods: Brief demographic researcher-made questionnaire, Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI- 4), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Parental Stress Index-Short Form (PSI/SF) were completed for each mother and child. Results: The results showed that except the component of acceptance, ADHD children had more problems in the field of attention compared with normal children. Mothers of ADHD children had also more stress compared with mothers of normal children. Discussion: ADHD can impair mothers’ mental health by inducing stress and this issue has important clinical and treatment implications. Specific treatment programs should be designed and implemented in Iran for the mothers of ADHD children to reduce stress among them and therefore, improve their mental health status.

Introduction: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) which accounts for (5% to 10%) of cerebrovascular accidents is an important cause of mortality and disability. It can be complicated by many neurological and medical conditions including cardiovascular complications. During the course of SAH morphologic Electrocardiography (ECG) changes, arrhythmias, myocardial injury and elevation of cardiac enzymes, subendocardial hemorrhage and necrosis may be observed. Materials and Methods:102 SAH patients, without any history of Ischemic heart Disease (IHD), admitted in Ghaem Hospital were studied. Their clinical and radiological parameters were evaluated. Three serial ECGs were performed within the first 72 hours for each patient and the ECG findings were analyzed. The control group consisted of 102 elective patients of Ghaem hospital without any expected heart disease. Results: ECG changes were observed in 60.8% of SAH patients with average age of (53.4±14.2) years and in (2.9%) of control group. The ECG findings were as follows: chamber abnormalities (6.9%), conduction abnormalities (7.8%), repolarization abnormalities (49%), rhythm abnormalities (22.5%) and pathologic Q wave (6.9%). According to this study, ECG changes are related to subarachnoid hemorrhage (p