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The transition from student-teaching to full-time teaching is an understudied period in teachers’ careers. This paper uses a cumulative risk (CR) framework to assess personal and professional risks experienced by 135 student-teachers in rural Ghana during pre-service training and later as newly qualified teachers, and examines how risks relate to their professional well-being and learning outcomes of children in their classrooms. Higher CR was associated with lower teacher motivation and personal accomplishment. Furthermore, higher CR predicted lower child numeracy skills and socioemotional development over the school year. Implications for teacher professional development and improving educational quality are discussed.

Bladder endometriosis is an infrequent cause of a focal bladder mass and may masquerade as a neoplasm on ultrasound imaging. This diagnostic dilemma can be resolved with a multiparametric MRI, which shows characteristic hemorrhagic signals of this entity. We present an unusual case of bladder endometriosis where the patient complained of lower abdominal pain without urinary symptoms and was found to have a bladder mass on ultrasonography. This mass was further investigated by an MRI of the pelvis, which revealed characteristic features of endometriosis; the diagnosis was confirmed on subsequent laparoscopy.

The freedom of mobility affects an individual’s sense of prominence and confidence. Because of diseases injuring the nervous system like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson disease, people lose their ability to move outmoded wheelchairs. This paper presents a novel technique to control a wheelchair by using eye movements. Eye controlled chair comprised of an electric wheelchair, a webcam in front of the user’s eye capturing eyeball movements with a low-cost Raspberry pi system, serially communicating with Arduino microcontroller to drive wheelchair in the desired direction. The transfer learning approach was adopted instead of traditional image processing techniques, making wheelchair more reliable and accurate. Keras deep learning pre-trained VGG-16 model led us to achieve excellent performance, with very little training dataset. Unlike conventional wheelchairs, presented methodology makes this wheelchair equally suitable for people wearing eye glasses.

Monitoring the quality of teaching practices of primary school teachers in low-and-middle-income countries is often hampered by the lack of freely available classroom observation tools that are feasible to administer, validated in their own setting, and can be used as part of national monitoring systems. To address this discrepancy, Teach, an open-access classroom observation tool, was developed to measure the quality of teaching practices of primary school teachers in low-and-middle-income countries. This paper uses data from Punjab, Pakistan to evaluate the validity of Teach. Results show that Teach scores were internally consistent, presented good inter-rater reliability, and provided sufficient information to differentiate low from high-quality teaching practices. Further, higher Teach scores were associated with higher student outcomes.

What goes on inside the classroom is central to student learning. Despite its importance, low- and middle-income countries rarely measure teaching practices, in part due to a lack of access to adequate classroom observation tools and the high transaction costs associated with administering them. Teach, a new, open-source classroom observation tool for primary classrooms, was developed to capture the quantity and quality of teaching practices in these settings with a simple, easy-to-administer tool. This paper validates the use of Teach scores for system diagnostics by providing four types of evidence. First, it provides evidence that the practices included in the tool have a clear conceptual underpinning. Second, almost 90 percent of local observers in Mozambique, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Uruguay were highly accurate using Teach after a four-day training. Third, using data from 845 classrooms in Pakistan, the paper shows that Teach scores are internally consistent, present moderate to high inter-rater reliability in the field (.75 intraclass correlation coefficient), and provide substantial information that allows to differentiate teachers, even those with similar but not equal scores. Finally, teachers who display effective practices, as measured by Teach, are associated with students who achieve higher learning outcomes.

Background: An emergency department or emergency room is a medical treatment facility specializing in emergency medicine, the acute care of patients who present without any prior appointment either by their own means or by that of an ambulance. The main objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of emergency service in Shaykh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Emergency Department of Shaykh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan, from 05-06-2017 to 04-11-2017. A total of 139 subjects were involved in the study. Patients attending Emergency Department of Shaykh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan were included. Patients were observed and followed silently through their stay in the Emergency Department. All the data taken was entered in predesigned perform.Results: In the Emergency Department, among all the patients, 25.9% came with GIT complaints and only 3.6% had eye, ENT and Dental issues. About 48.2% of the patients had the first contact within 4 minutes. This study shows that the treatment of 49.7% patients started within 10 minutes after entering the emergency however for only 3.5% of the patients it took more than 25 minutes to start the treatment. About 42.4% of all the patients left the emergency after treatment within 20 minutes.Conclusions: Emergency medical services are a critical component of national health system in developing countries. Governments and ministries of health need to pay specific attention to develop emergency services and also to increase the health care staff.

OBJECTIVE: To determine variation of hepatic enzymes Vitamin B12 and D3 levels in cirrhotic patients. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. SETTING: Cirrhotic patients in Abbasi Shaheed Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 250 patients in Abbasi Shaheed Hospital with diagnosis of cirrhosis including 141 males and 109 females. VARIABLE PARAMETERS: They include mean ALT, GGT, Alkaline phosphatase levels along with Vitamin B12 and D3 levels in blood. RESULTS: Vitamin B12 levels were 1249.59±487.01pg/ml and 1422.28±627.75pg/ml in males and females respectively while Vitamin D3 levels were found to be 17.15±10.45 nmol/L in males and 14.80±14.24 nmol/L in females. Vitamin B12 levels were found to be positively correlated with the elevation of ALT and were negatively correlated with elevation of ALT, GGT and Alkaline Phosphatase. The ALT levels were 50.0±21.88 in males and 14.80±14.24 in females, Alkaline phosphatase to be 311.46±107.98 in males while female Alkaline phosphatase were 346.47±101.60. GGT levels to be 41.70±10.62 in males and 45.01±13.74 in females. CONCLUSION: Cirrhotic patients suffering from severe hepatocellular damage have their elevated levels of Vitamin B12 and depressed Vitamin D3 levels in plasma accompanied by a positive association with elevated ALT and GGT plasma levels

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of our study was to assess the variation of PEFR with various medical students of Karachi, Pakistan DESIGN: Cross-sectional study Setting: Medical students of Karachi Medical and Dental College Participants: 276 non-smoker healthy medical students composed of 168 females and 108 males. VARIABLE PARAMETERS: They include mean age, body height and body weight and PEFR. They were marked separately for each gender RESULTS: The mean waist hip ratio in females was observed to be 0.843±0.111in relation with that of mean PEFR value 452.97±65.84 L/min, whereas in males the mean waist hip ratio was 0.864±0.028 in relation with that of mean PEFR value 445.93±66.49 L/min. Also there is a statistically significant variation in PEFR with an increase in waist hip ratio . The mean height of males was 173.63 ±7.5 cm and weight was 61.81 ±11.25 Kg while mean height of females was 158.56±7.3 cm and weight was 49.33±9.04 Kg. PEFR is positively correlated with increase in height and weight up to a certain limit. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that PEFR is affected positively by variation in waist hip ratio; moreover young females have more waist hip ratio and PEFR values than their young male counterparts. A large sample size with accurate peak flow meter is required along with ethnic consideration of the study population for better, accurate and clear results.