Search

This paper examined social-economic impacts of economic and political empowerment of women in Nigeria between 1990–2018. To achieve our main objective, we employed a trend analysis and ARDL technique with data sourced from the WDI (2019) and various issues of National Bureau of Statistics. We observed that the growth of women (between age 15 and 64) in labour force participation in Nigeria is trending downwardly during the period under consideration. While the proportion of female representation in the parliament has been on the increase since the advent of the fourth Republic in 1999. Finally, we unsurprisingly, discovered that despite the huge resources committed to advocacy for women’s empowerment, the social costs in terms of the increased crime rate among youth and the level of insecurity in the country significantly overwhelmed the economic benefits in term of increased economic growth. Consequently, we inter alia recommended that the governments together with these advocacy groups should channel the same amount of resources devoted to campaigns for women empowerment into reversing the ugly trend of juvenile delinquency if the level of insecurity in Nigeria is to be curtailed. And, the proposed bill by the National Assembly and the 36 state Houses of Assemblies to increase the maternity leave from its current level of 3 months to 6 months should be fast-track and duly implemented across board in both public and private organizations.

—Penelitian image captioning untuk menghasilkan deskripsi yang baik pada gambar dalam Bahasa Inggris banyak dilakukan. Sedikit penelitian yang ditemukan mengenai image captioning untuk menghasilkan deskripsi gambar dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini akan berfokus dalam mengembangkan model generative yang menggabungkan natural language preprocessing dan computer vision untuk menghasilkan deskripsi gambar dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah attention mechanism dengan arsitektur transformer. Model penelitian ini menggunakan dataset MS COCO captions 2014 yang sudah diterjemahkan dan memperoleh skor rata-rata BLEU-1, BLEU-2, BLEU-3, BLEU-4 masing-masing adalah 31.12, 32.31, 42.39, 46.16.

There are 32 landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) across four major continents of the world. These countries are mostly low-income or lower middle-income developing economies and suffer from a number of challenges especially, dwindling economic growth. The main objective of the study therefore, is to re-examine how economic growth in LLDCs can be influenced with the aids of foreign flows such as foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and official development assistance (ODA). The study made use of a sample of 19 member-states due to data limitation in order to evaluate the impact of foreign flows on economic growth using ARDL panel approach with the Dynamic Fixed effect (DFE) as the baseline estimation techniques during the period of 1995 to 2017. Our finding reveals that in the long-run, net FDI and net ODA have impacts on the economic growth in LLDCs but net FPI shows no any discernible impacts on GDP growth in LLDCs.

An exploration of how intellectual labor produce nature and the relationship between them has been argued for. Using the case of Indonesian forest fires in light of recent climate change policy developments such as the Paris Agreement and the establishment of Indonesia’s Peat Restoration Agency, this thesis attempts to answer the following research question: How do the laboring acts of experts, through documents, produce nature in practice? The production of nature thesis is an approach that posits the metabolic relationship between society and nature. Derived from Marx’s views on nature, the production of nature assumes that humans enter into relationships with nature through acts of labor, such as farming or mining. The production of nature by intellectual labor, it is argued, is mediated through documents. One form of the production of nature is the socioecological fix, an extension of Harvey’s (2001) spatial fix, where fixed capital is deployed in order to avoid or defer crises, which in this case are those of a socioecological nature i.e. forest fires. Since the fix is a form of produced nature, it is therefore also metabolic; they carry with them certain ideologies and hegemonic properties. The deployment of socioecological fixes through intellectual labor, in this context, is mediated through these policy documents: Peat Restoration Agency Strategic Plan 2016-2020; Grand Design for Prevention of Forest, Plantation, and Land Fires 2017-2019; Nationally Determined Contribution; and ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. The documents were analyzed with practice-oriented document analysis as used by Asdal (2015) in order to identify certain issues that the documents have created. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with relevant participants to fill in informational gaps. The results demonstrate that the documents transformed the issue of forest fires into the issue of emission targets, technocratic superiority, and lack of indigenous involvement. This means that the laser focus on emission targets ushers in technocratic policies and managerialism that omit the involvement of indigenous groups, instead of a rights-based approach that strengthens indigenous institutions.