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3. Non-Maxwellian shape of electron distribution function in ion acoustic turbulence

Author

Farshi, E., Fukuyama, T., Matsukuma, M., and Kawai, Y.

Subjects
Electron configuration -- Research, Electromagnetic theory -- Research, Electric discharges -- Research, Plasma turbulence -- Research, Business, Chemistry, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

In a dc discharge plasma system, in which two meshes are installed, the current-driven ion acoustic instability is excited when a dc potential [V.sub.m] is applied to one of them. When the instability fully grows, the system reaches a very turbulence state, the so-called ion acoustic turbulence. The experimental measurement of energy distribution function of electrons in ion acoustic turbulence measured by the Langmuir probe shows a non-Maxwellian nature along with electron heating. Index Terms--Double plasma device, drift velocity, electron distribution function, ion acoustic turbulence, Langmuir probe, non-Maxwellian distribution function.

Published
2001

7. Tearing mode stabilization by electron cyclotron resonance heating demonstrated in the TEXTOR tokamak and the implication for ITER

Author

Westerhof, E, primary, Lazaros, A, additional, Farshi, E, additional, Baar, M.R. de, additional, Bock, M.F.M. de, additional, Classen, I.G.J, additional, Jaspers, R.J.E, additional, Hogeweij, G.M.D, additional, Koslowski, H.R, additional, Krämer-Flecken, A, additional, Liang, Y, additional, Cardozo, N.J. Lopes, additional, and Zimmermann, O, additional

Published
2007
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8. Toroidal Plasma Rotation Induced by the Dynamic Ergodic Divertor in the TEXTOR Tokamak

Author

Finken, K. H., primary, Abdullaev, S. S., additional, de Bock, M. F. M., additional, von Hellermann, M., additional, Jakubowski, M., additional, Jaspers, R., additional, Koslowski, H. R., additional, Krämer-Flecken, A., additional, Lehnen, M., additional, Liang, Y., additional, Nicolai, A., additional, Wolf, R. C., additional, Zimmermann, O., additional, de Baar, M., additional, Bertschinger, G., additional, Biel, W., additional, Brezinsek, S., additional, Busch, C., additional, Donné, A. J. H., additional, Esser, H. G., additional, Farshi, E., additional, Gerhauser, H., additional, Giesen, B., additional, Harting, D., additional, Hoekzema, J. A., additional, Hogeweij, G. M. D., additional, Hüttemann, P. W., additional, Jachmich, S., additional, Jakubowska, K., additional, Kalupin, D., additional, Kelly, F., additional, Kikuchi, Y., additional, Kirschner, A., additional, Koch, R., additional, Korten, M., additional, Kreter, A., additional, Krom, J., additional, Kruezi, U., additional, Lazaros, A., additional, Litnovsky, A., additional, Loozen, X., additional, Lopes Cardozo, N. J., additional, Lyssoivan, A., additional, Marchuk, O., additional, Matsunaga, G., additional, Mertens, Ph., additional, Messiaen, A., additional, Neubauer, O., additional, Noda, N., additional, Philipps, V., additional, Pospieszczyk, A., additional, Reiser, D., additional, Reiter, D., additional, Rogister, A. L., additional, Sakamoto, M., additional, Savtchkov, A., additional, Samm, U., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Schorn, R. P., additional, Schweer, B., additional, Schüller, F. C., additional, Sergienko, G., additional, Spatschek, K. H., additional, Telesca, G., additional, Tokar, M., additional, Uhlemann, R., additional, Unterberg, B., additional, Van Oost, G., additional, Van Rompuy, T., additional, Van Wassenhove, G., additional, Westerhof, E., additional, Weynants, R., additional, Wiesen, S., additional, and Xu, Y. H., additional

Published
2005
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9. The dynamic ergodic divertor in the TEXTOR tokamak: plasma response to dynamic helical magnetic field perturbations

Author

Finken, K H, primary, Abdullaev, S S, additional, Biel, W, additional, Bock, M F M de, additional, Busch, C, additional, Farshi, E, additional, Hellermann, M von, additional, Hogeweij, G M D, additional, Jakubowski, M, additional, Jaspers, R, additional, Koslowski, H R, additional, Kraemer-Flecken, A, additional, Lazaros, A, additional, Lehnen, M, additional, Liang, Y, additional, Nicolai, A, additional, Schmitz, O, additional, Unterberg, B, additional, Westerhof, E, additional, Wolf, R, additional, Zimmermann, O, additional, Baar, M de, additional, Bertschinger, G, additional, Brezinsek, S, additional, Classen, I G J, additional, Donné, A J H, additional, Esser, H G, additional, Gerhauser, H, additional, Giesen, B, additional, Harting, D, additional, Hoekzema, J A, additional, Huettemann, P W, additional, Jachmich, S, additional, Jakubowska, K, additional, Kalupin, D, additional, Kelly, F, additional, Kikuchi, Y, additional, Kirschner, A, additional, Koch, R, additional, Korten, M, additional, Kreter, A, additional, Krom, J, additional, Kruezi, U, additional, Litnovsky, A, additional, Loozen, X, additional, Cardozo, N J Lopes, additional, Lyssoivan, A, additional, Marchuk, O, additional, Mertens, Ph, additional, Messiaen, A, additional, Neubauer, O, additional, Philipps, V, additional, Pospieszczyk, A, additional, Reiser, D, additional, Reiter, D, additional, Rogister, A L, additional, Rompuy, T Van, additional, Savtchkov, A, additional, Samm, U, additional, Schorn, R P, additional, Schueller, F C, additional, Schweer, B, additional, Sergienko, G, additional, Telesca, K H G, additional, Tokar, M, additional, Oost, G Van, additional, Uhlemann, R, additional, Wassenhove, G Van, additional, Weynants, R, additional, Wiesen, S, additional, and Xu, Y, additional

Published
2004
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20. Investigation of immune cells on elimination of pulmonary-Infected COVID-19 and important role of innate immunity, phagocytes.

Author

Farshi E, Kasmapur B, and Arad A

Subjects
Animals, B-Lymphocytes immunology, B-Lymphocytes virology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes virology, COVID-19 virology, Humans, Immunoglobulin G immunology, Lung virology, Phagocytes virology, COVID-19 immunology, Immunity, Innate immunology, Lung immunology, Phagocytes immunology
Abstract

We identified types of immune cells that contribute to clearing COVID-19 during the acute phase of the infection in mouse model and human. Our results suggest that both innate and adaptive immune responses are essential for controlling COVID-19 infection. Mild infection report of children by COVID-19 comparing adults' infection causes conclusion of higher resistance of immune system of children comparing adults. Our results show innate immune system including phagocytes contribute severely to the elimination of COVID-19 in both mouse model and human. Our results also show the elimination of COVID-19 required the activation of B cells by CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells play an important role in elimination of COVID-19 in primary effection. We measured IgM and IgG in all patients including adults and kids (human) and found IgM and IgG in kids patients are much higher than other adults patients. It causes production of much more natural antibodies in kids' bodies to protect them against COVID-19 that shows reason of mild effection of kids comparing adults. Our observations have important ramifications for the development of novel vaccination and medicine strategies to alleviate COVID-19. The most important result is for producing any vaccine for COVID-19, increasing and producing these factors must be included: (a) Phagocytes (IgM and IgG), (b) T Cells, and (c) White Cells., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2021
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