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1. Extracting patient-level data from the electronic health record: Expanding opportunities for health system research

Author

Farrand, Erica, Collard, Harold R, Guarnieri, Michael, Minowada, George, Block, Lawrence, Lee, Mei, and Iribarren, Carlos

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Health Services, Clinical Research, Lung, Patient Safety, Management of diseases and conditions, 7.3 Management and decision making, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Electronic Health Records, Lung Diseases, Interstitial, Algorithms, General Science & Technology
Abstract

BackgroundEpidemiological studies of interstitial lung disease (ILD) are limited by small numbers and tertiary care bias. Investigators have leveraged the widespread use of electronic health records (EHRs) to overcome these limitations, but struggle to extract patient-level, longitudinal clinical data needed to address many important research questions. We hypothesized that we could automate longitudinal ILD cohort development using the EHR of a large, community-based healthcare system.Study design and methodsWe applied a previously validated algorithm to the EHR of a community-based healthcare system to identify ILD cases between 2012-2020. We then extracted disease-specific characteristics and outcomes using fully automated data-extraction algorithms and natural language processing of selected free-text.ResultsWe identified a community cohort of 5,399 ILD patients (prevalence = 118 per 100,000). Pulmonary function tests (71%) and serologies (54%) were commonly used in the diagnostic evaluation, whereas lung biopsy was rare (5%). IPF was the most common ILD diagnosis (n = 972, 18%). Prednisone was the most commonly prescribed medication (911, 17%). Nintedanib and pirfenidone were rarely prescribed (n = 305, 5%). ILD patients were high-utilizers of inpatient (40%/year hospitalized) and outpatient care (80%/year with pulmonary visit), with sustained utilization throughout the post-diagnosis study period.DiscussionWe demonstrated the feasibility of robustly characterizing a variety of patient-level utilization and health services outcomes in a community-based EHR cohort. This represents a substantial methodological improvement by alleviating traditional constraints on the accuracy and clinical resolution of such ILD cohorts; we believe this approach will make community-based ILD research more efficient, effective, and scalable.

Published
2023

5. Impact of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis on Longitudinal Health-care Utilization in a Community-Based Cohort of Patients

Author

Farrand, Erica, Iribarren, Carlos, Vittinghoff, Eric, Levine-Hall, Tory, Ley, Brett, Minowada, George, and Collard, Harold R

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Lung, Autoimmune Disease, Clinical Research, Health Services, Rare Diseases, 7.3 Management and decision making, Management of diseases and conditions, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, California, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Facilities and Services Utilization, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Procedures and Techniques Utilization, health-care resource utilization, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, real-world evidence, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, chronic lung disease associated with substantial symptom burden, morbidity, and cost. Delivery of high-quality effective care in IPF requires understanding health-care resource utilization (HRU) patterns; however, longitudinal data from real-world populations are limited.Research questionThis study aimed to define HRU attributable to IPF by evaluating a longitudinal cohort of community patients with IPF compared with matched control subjects.Study design and methodsIncident IPF cases were identified in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California electronic health records (2000-2015) using case-validated code-based algorithms. IPF cases were compared with matched control subjects by age, sex, and length of enrollment. Annual rates of HRU measures were assessed during the 5 years pre- and postdiagnosis. Poisson generalized estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted case-control differences in HRU. IPF treatment trends were assessed before and after the availability of IPF-specific medications.ResultsA total of 691 IPF cases were identified and matched with 3,452 control subjects. Adjusted rates of all diagnostic procedures were significantly increased (P < .001) for IPF cases compared with control subjects in both the pre- and postindex periods, including chest CT scans (pre-relative risk [RR], 80.35; post-RR, 32.79), 6-min walk tests (pre-RR, 20.81; post-RR, 34.49), and pulmonary function tests (pre-RR, 9.50; post-RR, 13.24). All-cause hospitalizations (pre-RR, 1.42; post-RR, 2.33) and outpatient visits (pre-RR, 1.22; post-RR, 1.80) were significantly higher among cases compared with control subjects during both the preindex (P < .05) and postindex (P < .001) periods. We observed use of immunosuppressive and IPF-specific therapies prior to diagnosis, and high rates of corticosteroid use before and after diagnosis.InterpretationThis study defines a marked increase in HRU in patients with IPF compared with control subjects, with accelerated use beginning at least 1 year prediagnosis and elevated use sustained over the following 5 years. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate longitudinal medication trends in IPF. Collectively, this information is foundational to advancing IPF care delivery models and supporting clinical decision-making.

Published
2021

7. Association of BMI and Change in Weight With Mortality in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease

Author

Comes, Alessia, Wong, Alyson W., Fisher, Jolene H., Morisset, Julie, Johannson, Kerri A., Farrand, Erica, Fell, Charlene D., Kolb, Martin, Manganas, Hélène, Cox, Gerard, Gershon, Andrea S., Halayko, Andrew J., Hambly, Nathan, Khalil, Nasreen, Sadatsafavi, Mohsen, Shapera, Shane, To, Teresa, Wilcox, Pearce G., Collard, Harold R., and Ryerson, Christopher J.

Published
2022
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8. Steroid therapy in acute exacerbation of fibrotic interstitial lung disease.

Author

Koshy, Kavya, Barnes, Hayley, Farrand, Erica, and Glaspole, Ian

Subjects
IDIOPATHIC pulmonary fibrosis, PULMONARY fibrosis, LOGISTIC regression analysis, DISEASE exacerbation, LUNG transplantation, INTERSTITIAL lung diseases
Abstract

Background and Objective: Evidence for the benefit of steroid therapy in acute exacerbations (AEs) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is limited; however, they remain a cornerstone of management in other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases. This retrospective observational study assesses the effect of steroid treatment on in‐hospital mortality in patients with acute exacerbation of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (AE‐FILD) including IPF and non‐IPF ILDs. Methods: AE‐FILD cases over a 10‐year period were filtered using a code‐based algorithm followed by individual case evaluation. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between corticosteroid treatment (defined as ≥0.5 mg/kg/day of prednisolone‐equivalent for ≥3 days within the first 72 h of admission) and in‐hospital mortality or need for lung transplantation. Secondary outcomes included readmission, overall survival, requirement for domiciliary oxygen and rehabilitation. Results: Across two centres a total of 107 AE‐FILD subjects were included, of which 46 patients (43%) received acute steroid treatment. The steroid cohort was of younger age with fewer comorbidities but had higher oxygen requirements. Pre‐admission FVC and DLCO, distribution of diagnoses and smoking history were similar. The mean steroid treatment dose was 4.59 mg/kg/day. Steroid use appeared to be associated with increased risk of inpatient mortality or transplantation (OR 4.11; 95% CI 1.00–16.83; p = 0.049). In the steroid group, there appeared to be a reduced risk of all‐cause mortality in non‐IPF patients (HR 0.21; 95% CI 0.04–0.96; p = 0.04) compared to their IPF counterparts. Median survival was reduced in the steroid group (221 vs. 520.5 days) with increased risk of all‐cause mortality (HR 3.25; 95% CI 1.56–6.77; p < 0.01). Conclusion: In this two‐centre retrospective study of 107 patients, AE‐FILD demonstrates a high risk of mortality, at a level similar to that seen for AE‐IPF, despite steroid treatment. Clinicians should consider other precipitating factors for exacerbations and use steroids judiciously. Further prospective trials are needed to determine the role of corticosteroids in AE‐FILD. This is a multicentre retrospective observational study comparing the outcomes of acute exacerbation of fibrotic ILD between steroid and non‐steroid treatment. Those who were administered steroids were younger, had fewer comorbidities but greater oxygen requirement and lower physiologic reserve. When adjusted for these variables, there appeared no survival benefit and potential increased risk of death in those who were given steroids. See relatededitorial [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Impact of antigen exposure on outcomes and treatment response in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Author

Mullin, Monica L., primary, Fernandez, Gustavo, additional, Marinescu, Daniel-Costin, additional, Zheng, Boyang, additional, Wong, Alyson W., additional, Assayag, Deborah, additional, Fisher, Jolene H., additional, Johannson, Kerri A., additional, Khalil, Nasreen, additional, Kolb, Martin, additional, Manganas, Helene, additional, Marcoux, Veronica, additional, Morisset, Julie, additional, Min, Bohyung, additional, Farrand, Erica, additional, and Ryerson, Christopher J., additional

Published
2023
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12. PhIP-Seq uncovers novel autoantibodies and unique endotypes in interstitial lung disease

Author

Upadhyay, Vaibhav, primary, Yoon, Young me, additional, Vazquez, Sara E., additional, Velez, Tania E., additional, Jones, Kirk D., additional, Lee, Cathryn T., additional, Law, Christopher S., additional, Wolters, Paul J., additional, Lee, Seoyeon, additional, Yang, Monica M., additional, Farrand, Erica, additional, Noth, Imre, additional, Strek, Mary E., additional, Anderson, Mark, additional, DeRisi, Joeseph, additional, Sperling, Anne I., additional, and Shum, Anthony K., additional

Published
2023
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13. Differences in Patient Outcomes across the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Care Center Network

Author

Boente, Ryan D., primary, White, Emily N., additional, Baxter, Caitlin M., additional, Shore, Jessica E., additional, Collard, Harold R., additional, Lee, Joyce S., additional, Abrencillo, Rodeo, additional, Bhatt, Nitin, additional, Boente, Ryan, additional, Farrand, Erica, additional, Glazer, Craig, additional, Huie, Tristan, additional, Kim, Hyun, additional, Ramaswamy, Murali, additional, Shah, Rupal, additional, Shore, Jessica, additional, and Thavarajah, Krishna, additional

Published
2023
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17. Contributors

Author

Abdelazeem, Mohamed A., Abelman, Rebecca A., Kar, Sarah Abu, Afari, Maxwell Eyram, Ahmad, Ali, Ahmed, Hammood, Ahn, Benjamin J., Ahn-Horst, Rosa, Akoto, Shanice, AlAbdulhadi, Abrar, Aldras, Yoseph A., Ali, Fahad, Ali, Tanya, Alipanah-Lechner, Narges, Altunel, Erdem, Alzoebie, Lama, Anderson, Chelsie, Andrews, Christine B., Taylor, Kathryn Maire, Anthony, Anngene, Asaro, Joseph A., Asiedu, Daniel K., Astsaturov, Artem, Aulakh, Sudeep K., Authement, Matthew, Avasare, Rupali S., Babar, Tania B., Bachman, Emelia Argyropoulos, Baig, Muhammad, Bains, Ashika, Balaguera, Pedro, Balda, Javier, Bank, T. Caroline, Banwell, Brenda, Basman, Craig L., Bass, Crystal T., Bayefsky, Sarah D., Beausang, Jasjit, Belcher, Ren, Bell, Jennifer, Bellinghausen, Amy L., Bennett, Colleen E., Benninger, John W., Bergen, Michael A., Berger, Agatha, Berkowitz, Carol D., Berkowitz, Julia, Betageri, Omkar, Bhagat, Vicky H., Bharmal, Murtaza, Bhatt, Harikrashna B., Bhuptani, Prachi H., Bido-Medina, Richard O., Bielak, Kendall M.H., Bilodeau, Courtney Clark, Bird, Lisa, Bishop, Erin, Bitar, Ghamar, Blakeney, Craig, Block, Brian, Bochner, Risa, Bortz, Christina M., Bosse, Kristopher R., Bouton, Tara C., Bove, Mary E., Bowlby, Lynn A., Brady, Mark F., Bratman, Russell E., Brennan, Keith, Brown, Austin K., Brown, Emily C.B., Bui, Eric, Burke, Christine, Butler, William, Byanova, Katerina L., Byra, Marcin, Callanan, Tucker C., Campbell, Taylor, Cantos, Adriana, Canty, Ethan, Canty, Katherine W., Caraganis, Andrew, Carpenter, Randy S., Carragee, Eugene, Carrel-Lammert, Meredith, Carter, Ashlie Sewdass, Casillas, Ernesto, Jr., Castaneda-Guarderas, Ana, Castillo, Jorge J., Chait, Daniel, Chan, Philip A., Chang, Kenny, Chapman, Arlene B., Chatterjee-Paer, Sudeshna, Chaudhary, Richard S., Cheng, Vicky, Chilcote, Daniel, Chofay, Dana Ricci, Chou, Jonathan, Chou, Stella T., Choudhury, Natasha, Choxi, Shivali, Chua, Winona, Chubb, Rhiannon E., Cinelli, Michael P., Claman, David, Clark, Grace V., Clark, Seth, Clarke, Nathan, Clebak, Karl T., Cleland, Derrick, Co, Michael Lawrenz, Cohen, Debbie L., Cohen, Lisa, Congdon, Morgan, Constantinou, Maria, Corley, James Earl, III, Cosgrove, Abigail, Craine, Rebecca, Cristofaro, Patricia, Cruz, Aristides I., Cunningham, Karlene, Curtin, Alicia J., Cusano, Joseph, D’Alessandro, Frank B., Dado, Lynn, Dalela, Deepansh, Das, Abhijit, DaSilva, Manuel F., Davis, Mackenzie, De La Garza, Carlos, DeDent, Alison, Deeb, Maya, DeJong, Tyler, Desrochers, Colette, Diaz, Joseph A., Dickherber, Jason L., Do, Toan, Doo, Kathleen, Dove, James H., Dubanchet, Alexandre, Duh-Leong, Carol, Dutta, Roop, Dworkin, Myles, Dyster, Timothy G., Ebert, Eric, Edmund, Joseph, Eggers, Erica, Eisenhower, Christine, Ellsworth, Pamela, Escamilla-Ocañas, César E., Espinosa, Patricio Sebastian, Esqueda, Marisol, Everly, Eileen, Faber, Mark D., Faber, Rachel, Facer, Evan, Fadale, Paul D., Farahvash, Benyamin, Farias, Michael J., Farkas, Jon, Farrand, Erica, Fay, Kevin, Hernandez, Samantha Fernandez, Fernandez-Robles, Carlos, Ferreira, Jason D., Ferri, Fred F., Ferri, Heather, Fischer, Staci A., Fiske, Hannah, Velez Florez, Maria Camila, Font, Cristina, Forbes, Kellie C., Forcier, Michelle, Ford, Sydney, Fort, Frank G., Fort, Glenn G., Freeman, Nancy, Frisch, Daniel R., Fru, Relindis Azenwi, Fullenkamp, Lynn C., Gaffney, Michael, Garcia, Paloma Jolin, Ge, Connie, Gesthalter, Yaron B., Ghimire, Anil, Gibson, Christopher, Gidwani, Nisha H., Gil, Joseph, Gold, Raphaela, Goldburt, Alla, Goldsmith, Corey Elam, Gangadhara Rao Golla, Maheswara Satya, Gomez, Alexander, Gomez Slagle, Helen B., Greenfield, Morgan, Grisham, Lindsey Anne, Gu, Joey, Guardino, Cara E., Gugerty, Lindsay, Gul, Fahad, Gultawatvichai, Patan, Gunning, Samantha, Guo, Averill, Guo, David, Gupta, Simran, Guttadauria, Brittany, Guzman, Herodes, Gwinn, Meghan, Hadden, Ryan, Hafeez, Muhammad Ubaid, Hall, Hayden, Hall, Sarah, Handa, Sajeev, Handler, Stacy N., Hanna, James, Hanna, John, Harbord, Nikolas, Hardacker, Kyle, Hardesty, Anna, Haribhakti, Nirav, Harris, Daniel J., Hartnett, Davis A., Hartvigsen, Nathan, Hawkins, Brian, Heinle, Rachel Wright, Helm, Leesha A., Helm, Matthew F., Herlevich, Thomas, Hermez, Klodia M., Hilliard, Ross W., Hladky, Katherine, Hodges, Ashley, Hoffman, Ryan, Hoffman, R. Scott, Hogan, Dawn, Holiman, Jennifer J., Holland, N. Wilson, Holton, Siri M., Homer, Benjamin J., Hook, Benjamin E., Howell, Cody, Hsu, Raymond, Huang, Laurence, Hull, Mariam, Hume, Anne L., Hussain, Zilla, Huynh, Donny V., Hyder, Sarah, Ibrahim, Zainab, Ingraham, Caitlin, Inman, Nicholas J., Insalaco, Louis F., Jain, Rishubh, Jain, Vanita B.D., Jain, Vipul V., Jamal, Fariha, Jani, Kaushal, Janigian, Robert H., Jr., Jasuja, Sonia, Javier, Noelle Marie, Jetty, Vybhav, Johnson, Jennie E., Johnson, Michael P., Johnson, Steven D., Jolly, Angad, Jones, Amanda, Joshi, Shyam, Joudi, Kareem, Justice, Joshua, Kaddis, Timothy, Kalligeros, Markos, Karim, Omar, Karthikeyan, Vanji, Kartub, Benjamin, Kasper, Vania, Kass, Joseph S., Kass, Naomi R., Kasthuri, Viknesh S., Katz, Luca, Kaul, Bhavika, Kaur, Arpanjeet, Keim, Jennifer L., Keleshian, Vasken, Keogh, Abigail, Keselman, Dennis, Khan, Adeeba, Khare, Sarthak, Khawaja, Hussain R., Khetpal, Vishal, Khurana, Saranya S., Kifle, Betelhem, Kyung (Ellen) Kim, Eun, Kim, Jinseong, Kleitsch, Julianne, Knudson-Fitzpatrick, Tess, Kohrman, Samuel I., Kokkirala, Aravind Rao, Konstantino, Yuval, Kopyt, Nelson, Kothadia, Savan, Koti, Ajay, Koulouridis, Ioannis, Kreider, Timothy R., Krueger, Van S., Krumm, Ilana, Kumbar, Lalathaksha, Kuris, Eren O., Kurss, David I., L’Etoile, Nathan, Lam, Uyen T., Lam, William, Larijani, Mary, Le, Peter, Leard, Lorriana E., Leavitt, David A., Leba, Christopher T., Lee, Kachiu C., Lemme, Nicholas J., Li, Jian, Lieberman, Leora, Lim, Carol, Lin, Jason, Lippincott, Jordan, Liu, Jonathan, Logue, Teresa C., López, Gabriela, Lord, Kito Akin, Lucas, Mathew J., Lucier, David J., Jr., Ma’ayeh, Marwan, Maclean, Rachel L., MacMurdo, Maeve G., Madva, Elizabeth N., Mahani, Sahar, Makai, Gretchen, Malpica, Luis, Marcaccio, Stephen E., Marques Pinheiro, Ana Paula, Mazzaglia, Peter J., Mbuyi, Nadine N., McCulloh, Russell J., McDonald, Christopher L., McDonald-McGinn, Donna M., McGowen, Alexandra, McGraw, Katherine Elizabeth, McKenna, Jaclyn, McNamara, Kelly, Mead, Kelly C., Meehan, Caroline P., Meghani, Ozair K., Meleveedu, Kapil S., Mendez, Dianelys, Mendez-Miller, Megan, Mercado, Jorge, Mercado, Osvaldo, Merrill, Scott J., Merritt, Rory, Michaels, Marian G., Michel, Jeremy, Mikolasko, Brian D., Milner, John D., Min, May, Minami, Taro, Mitsuyama, Rei, Miyares, Laura, Mogla, Ankur, Mojarrab, Javad Najjar, Montgrain, Philippe, Moore, Michael Z., Moore, Shawn D., Morelli, Leah, Morrissey, Patrick J., Mughal, Aleem I., Mukkamalla, Shiva Kumar R., Mullersman, Katherine M., Mumtaz, Ahmad, Muraina, Fadeke, Mustafa, Ahmad, Myers, Ellen, Mylhousen, Emily, Nadella, Akash, Nadella, Mohnish, Nagpal, Nikita, Nandi, Minesh, Nasir, Uzma, Nasr, George H., Naveed, Asim, Neff, Robert, Neithardt, Adrienne B., Nelin, Timothy, Nestlerode, Christina, Ni, Samantha, Niazi, Azfar K., Nichols, Jonathan, Nokoff, Natalie, Noorbhai, Ibrahim Z.D., Novak, James E., Novarra, Austin, Nuss, Emily E., Oliver, Rebecca, Olszewski, Adam J., Onyeaka, Henry K., Orchowski, Lindsay M., Outlaw, Jasmine, Owens, Brett D., Oyelakin, Ayotomide, Pace, Paolo G., Palma-Zamora, Isaac, Pandya, Rachita, Pappas-Taffer, Lisa, Paranandi, Sneha, Parikh, Mihir, Park, Sara, Partin, Michael T., Patel, Birju B., Patel, Melissa D., Patel, Minta, Patel, Nima R., Patel, Pranav M., Patel, Vidhi, Patrick, Brett, Paudel, Shreedhar, Paxton, E. Scott, Peay, Celeste, Perazella, Mark A., Perez, David L., Hermina Perez, Jose J., Devon, Erin Pete, Pfeuti, Courtney, Pham, Lily C., Phelps-Polirer, Kendall, Phillips, Katharine A., Phillips, Oliver W., Phillips, Tara M., Piana, Lauren E., Portnoff, Brandon, Powell, Mitchell, Powers, Alexander, Prashar, Rohini, Premyodhin, Ned, Price, Dana, Priestley, Margaret, Provenza, Christian, Pulice, Christine, Punko, Diana, Puthawala, Imran, Qawi, Imrana, Qu, David, Quesada, Adrian, Quinn, Matthew, Rachu, Gregory S., Rajagopal, Amulya, Rathore, Bharti, Rathore, Ritesh, Raukar, Neha P., Ravindra, Lakshmi, Reagan, John L., Reardon, P.K., Reddy, Bharathi V., Reddy, Snigdha T., Reed-Weston, Anne, Reginato, Anthony M., Reichart, James P., Reus, Victor I., Rich, Harlan G., Rivera, Lauren Davis, Robertson, Melena J., Roby, Lauren, Roche, Meaghan, Morfin Rodriguez, Alejandra E., Romero Gómez, Perla M., Ron, Hayley A., Rosenbaum, Blake L., Rossi, Michael, Roussel, Breton, Rubin, David, Ruhstaller, Kelly, Rutstein, Beth H., Sadeghi, Noushine, Sahota, Ruchi Jalota, Saks, Emily, Sall, Jeffrey W., Salvi, Joshua D., Sanchez, Frank, Sanchez, Martha C., Sanka, Pranavi, Santhosh, Lekshmi, Santos, Linda Herrera, Sauck, Emily, Sayeed, Syeda M., Saylor, Leah, Schmitt, Phillip R., Sciscione, Anthony, Sederdahl, Bethany K., Seeber, Richard E., II, Sen, Aritra, Sewell, Rachel, Shaban, Hesham, Shah, Ankur, Shaikh, Aaron Ali, Sharma, Animesh, Sharma, Yuvraj, Sharp, Lydia, Sheikh, Wasiq, Sherman, Alexander, Shill, Jessica E., Shimanovsky, Alexei, Shlossman, Philip A., Siddiqui, Khawja A., Siegel, Alyssa, Sigman, Mark, Simon, Rebecca, Singh, Harinder P., Slingsby, Brett, Sloane, Amy, Smick, Alexandra H., Smith, Devon, Smith, Jeanette G., Smith, Matthew J., Sohaney, Ryann, Soi, Vivek, Soinski, Rebecca, Soler, Maria E., Soman, Sandeep, Song, Jeffrey S., Sorg, Emily, Sperati, C. John, Stanford, Nathan, Stennis, Seth Daly, Stephens, Michael S., Stern, Ella, Stockwell, Philip, Suh, Edward, Sun, Jennifer K., Sundaramoorthy, Anjali, Supanakorn, Varut, Suri, Priyasha, Sutter, Stephanie, Sweeney, Hannah, Takasaki, Kaoru, Takei, Ryosuke, Tan, Laren, Taylor, Alan, Taylor, Matthew, Taylor, S. Trevor, Tellioglu, Tahir, Testa, Edward J., Thomas, Anthony G., Thompson, Stefani, Tien, Alexandra Meyer, Tien, David Robbins, Tierney, Anna-Marie, Tiffany, Patrick, Toma, Helen, Triplett, Thomas M., Tryforos, Margaret, Tsaban, Gal, Tschoe, Christine, Tucci, Joseph R., Turock, Julia, Uduman, Junior, Uiterwyk, Sean H., Ukaegbu, Rebecca, Umanath, Kausik, Vakili, Babak, Van Kirk, Emily, Vemula, Ridhima, Venado, Aida, Vijayakumar, Shilpa, Vollum, Kathryn G., Vorel, Ethan, Walson, Ifeanyi, Wang, Angela, Wang, Jarey H., Weekley, Manuel Shayne, Weinberg, Marc S., Wendolowski, Stephen, Westreich, Roi, Whitaker, Colin, Wilhoite, Morgan, Wilks, Andrew, Wilson, Annise, Winikor, Jared M., Wininger, Bryce, Winschel, Julia M., Wolpaw, Adam J., Wolpert, Marlene Fishman, Wu, Perry, Wylie, John, Yaguchi, Grace K., Yang, Anna, Yao, Xuan, Yaseen, Muhammad, Yee, Jerry, Yesodharan, Gemini, Yeung, Jennifer, Yin, Chun H., Yip, Agustin G., Yu, Elizabeth An, Zambrano, Juliana, Zenlea, Talia, Zha, B. Shoshana, Zhang, Helen, Zhao, Leon, Zhou, Diana X., Ziaie, Navid, Zollman, Joshua W., Zorin, Danylo, and Zurek, Olivia

Published
2024
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21. Contributors

Author

Abel, Dori, Abelman, Rebecca A., Abu Kar, Sarah, Abughazaleh, Saeed, Abu-Nejim, Husam, Afari, Maxwell Eyram, Ahmed, Hammood, Akoto, Shanice, Alabre, Kenneth, Ali, Fahad, Ali, Tanya, Alipanah-Lechner, Narges, Altunel, Erdem, Alzoebie, Lama, Anderson, Chelsie, Andrews, Christine B., Anthony, AnnGene, Arcand, Paul-Hugo, Arora, Sohrab, Asaro, Joseph A., Astashchanka, Anna, Atchison, Douglas, Aulakh, Sudeep K., Aurora, Taruna, Avasare, Rupali, Babadi, Baktash, Babar, Tania B., Bachman, Emelia Argyropoulos, Bains, Ashika, Balabanov, Roumen, Balaguera, Pedro, Balda, Javier, Bank, T. Caroline, Banwell, Brenda, Barrera, Francisco J., Barta, Samantha, Basman, Craig L., Bass, Crystal T., Beach, Scott R., Bediako, Persey, Belcher, Ren, Bell, Jennifer, Bellinghausen, Amy L., Bennett, Colleen E., Berkowitz, Carol D., Betageri, Omkar, Bharmal, Murtaza, Bhatt, Harikrashna B., Bhuptani, Prachi H., Bido-Medina, Richard O., Bielak, Kendall, Bilodeau, Courtney Clark, Bird, Lisa, Bishop, Erin, Bitar, Ghamar, Blakeney, Craig, Blatz, Allison M., Block, Brian, Bortz, Christina M., Bosse, Kristopher R., Bouton, Tara C., Bove, Mary E., Bowlby, Lynn A., Boyden, Sean, Brady, Mark F., Braide, Biobele, Brar, Jessica K., Bratman, Russell E., Brodowsky, Emily Chan, Brown, Austin K., Brown, Emily C.B., Brugnoni, Jessalyn, Bui, Eric, Burke, Christine, Burton, Lauren, Butler, Blythe, Butler, William, Byanova, Katerina L., Byg, Blaire, Callanan, Tucker C., Cantos, Adriana, Canty, Katherine W., Carragee, Eugene, Carrel-Lammert, Meredith, Castillo, Jorge J., Chait, Daniel, Chan, Philip A., Chapman, Arlene, Chatterjee-Paer, Sudeshna, Cheng, Vicky, Chien, Michael, Chilcote, Jeffrey, II, Childs, Candicee, Chopra, Amit, Chou, Stella T., Choudhury, Natasha, Christian, Cindy W., Chua, Winona, Chun, Andrew S., Claman, David, Clark, Grace V., Clark, Seth, Clarke, Ross, Clay, Alexandra, Clebak, Karl T., Cleland, Derrick, Cohen, Debbie L., Cohen, Lisa, Congdon, Morgan, Constantinou, Maria, Cooper, James Elliott, Corley, James Earl, Cosgrove, Abigail, Covarrubias, Oscar, Craine, Rebecca, Criddle, Sarah, Cristofaro, Patricia, Cunha, Joanne Szczygiel, Cunningham, Karlene, Cusano, Joseph, D’Alessandro, Frank B., Dado, Lynn, Daneshdoost, Shanaz, Daneshvari, Nicholas Omid, Darwiche, Sabrina, Das, Abhijit, DaSilva, Manuel F., De La Garza, Carlos, DeDent, Alison, Deeb, Mery, Denninger, John W., Desrochers, Colette, Devon, Erin Pete, Diaz, Joseph A., DiGrande, Kyle, Dina, Ayodeji, Doo, Kathleen, Drury, Brian, Dus, Bethany, Dutta, Roop, Dworkin, Myles, Dyster, Timothy G., Ebert, Eric, Edmund, Joseph, Edward, Heather L., Eggers, Erica, Eisenhower, Christine, Ellsworth, Pamela, Elnair, Radowan, Escamilla-Ocañas, César E., Espinosa, Patricio Sebastian, Faber, Mark D., Facer, Evan, Fadale, Paul D., Fallon, Ryan T., Farias, Michael J., Farkas, Jon, Farrand, Erica, Farrell, Ronan, Fay, Kevin S., Fender, Robert Zachary, Hernandez, Samantha Fernandez, Fernandez-Robles, Carlos, Ferreira, Jason D., Ferri, Fred F., Ferri, Heather, Fields, Jessica C., Fields, Lauren, Fischer, Staci A., Fiske, Hannah, Florez, Maria Camila Velez, Forbes, Kellie C., Forcier, Michelle, Ford, Sydney, Fort, Frank G., Fort, Glenn G., Frankel, Eitan S., Freeman, Nancy, Friedman, Ryan, Frisch, Daniel R., Fru, Relindis Azenwi, Fullenkamp, Lynn C., Gaffney, Michael, Garcia, Jose P., Garcia, Paloma Jolin, Ge, Jonathan S., Gesthalter, Yaron B., Ghimire, Anil, Gibson, Christopher, Gidwani, Nisha H., Gilek-Seibert, Katarzyna, Gilvaz, Vinit J., Glueck, Jacob, Goetz, Jennifer Leah, Goldburt, Alla, Goldsmith, Corey Elam, Rao Golla, Maheswara Satya Gangadhara, Gomez, Alexander, Slagle, Helen B. Gomez, Greenblatt, H. Karl, Greenfield, Morgan, Gugerty, Lindsay, Gultawatvichai, Patan, Gunning, Samantha, Guo, David, Gupta, Simran, Guttadauria, Brittany, Gwinn, Meghan, Hadi, Mohanad, Hafeez, Muhammad Ubaid, Hall, Hayden, Hall, Sarah, Handa, Sajeev, Hanna, John R., Harbord, Nikolas, Hardacker, Kyle, Hardesty, Anna, Haribhakti, Nirav, Harris, Daniel J., Hartmann, Abigail, Hartnett, Davis A., Hartvigsen, Nathan, Hawkins, Brian, He, Elaine, Heinle, Rachel Wright, Helm, Leesha A., Helm, Matthew F., Herlevich, Thomas, Hermez, Klodia M., Hilliard, Ross W., Hocker, Nathaniel, Hoffman, R. Scott, Holton, Siri M., Homer, Alexander S., Hook, Benjamin E., Hsu, Raymond, Huang, Laurence, Hull, Mariam, Hume, Anne L., Hussain, Zilla, Huynh, Donny V., Hyder, Sarah, Ingraham, Caitlin, Insalaco, Louis F., Jackson, James, Jafari-Esfahani, Shadi, Jain, Rishubh, Jain, Vanita B.D., Jain, Vipul V., Jamal, Fariha, Janigian, Robert H., Jr., Jasuja, Sonia, Javier, Noelle Marie, Jayachandran, Nishant, Jetty, Vybhav, Johnson, Michael P., Johnson, Steven D., Jones, Amanda, Joseph, Tatiana, Joseph-Senatus, Ganaelle, Joshi, Shyam, Justice, Joshua, Kabashneh, Sohaip, Kadiyala, Vishnu, Kalligeros, Markos, Karthikeyan, Vanji, Kaske, Erika, Kasper, Vania, Kass, Joseph S., Kass, Naomi R., Kasthuri, Viknesh S., Katz, Luca, Kazakova, Vera, Keim, Jennifer L., Kensey, Nicholas, Kent, Victoria, Kerrigan, Danielle, Keselman, Dennis, Khare, Sarthak, Khatri, Surya, Khawaja, Hussain R., Khurana, Saranya S., Kifle, Betelhem, Kim, Chan Woo, Kim, Jinseong, Kisare, Samantha, Kohrman, Samuel I., Kokkirala, Aravind Rao, Konstantino, Yuval, Kontos, Nicholas, Kopyt, Nelson, Kothadia, Savan, Koti, Ajay S., Koulouridis, Ioannis, Kreider, Timothy R., Kron, Kevin, Krumm, Ilana, Kuhn, Elizabeth, Kumbar, Lalathaksha, Kuo, Sheng-Han, Kuris, Eren O., Kurss, David I., Kutschke, Michael J., Laband, William F., LaCombe, Philip, Lam, Uyen T., Lam, Wilson, Laredo, Jonathan, Larijani, Mary, Le, Peter, Leahy, Caroline, Leard, Lorriana E., Leavitt, David A., Leba, Christopher T., Lee, Hyung Jin, Lee, Kachiu C., LeGros, Tracy Leigh, Lemme, Nicholas J., L’Etoile, Nathan, Li, Jian, Lim, Carol, Lin, Chi-Ying (Roy), Lippincott, Jordan, Liu, Jonathan, Logue, Teresa C., Longtain, Riley, López, Gabriela, Lord, Kito Akin, Loscalzo, Kirsten, Lucas, Mathew J., Lucier, David J., Jr., Ma’ayeh, Marwan, MacLean, Rachel L., MacMurdo, Maeve G., Madva, Elizabeth N., Maher, Lewena, Makai, Gretchen, Malpica, Luis, Marks, Jonathan, Pinheiro, Ana Paula Marques, Marr, Mollie C., Martinez, Adali, Matin, Adiba, Mazzaglia, Peter J., Mbuyi, Nadine N., McCulloh, Russell J., McDonald-McGinn, Donna M., McGowen, Alexandra, McGraw, Katherine Elizabeth, McKenna, Jaclyn, McNamara, Kelly, Meleveedu, Kapil S., Mendez-Miller, Megan, Mercado, Jorge, Mercado, Osvaldo, Merritt, Rory, Michaels, Marian G., Michel, Jeremy, Mikolasko, Brian D., Milner, John D., Min, May, Minami, Taro, Mohamed, Mouhand F., Najjar-Mojarrab, Javad, Molinari, John, Montgrain, Philippe, Moon, Heesung, Moore, Michael Z., Moore, Shawn D., Morelli, Leah, Morrissey, Patrick J., Mughal, Aleem I., Mukkamalla, Shiva Kumar R., Mullen, Marguerite A., Mulliken, Alexandra, Mumtaz, Tayebah, Muraina, Fadeke, Mustafa, Ahmad, Myers, Ellen, Mylhousen, Emily, Nadaud, Jack, Nadella, Akash, Nadella, Mohnish, Nadjarian, Albert, Nagpal, Nikita, Nathan, Miriam, Naveed, Asim, Nawaiseh, Ahmad Al, Neff, Robert, Neithardt, Adrienne B., Nestlerode, Christina, Niazi, Azfar K., Nisavic, Mladen, Nokoff, Natalie, Noorbhai, Ibrahim Z.D., Novak, James E., Novarra, Austin, John, Audrey R. Odom, Okewunmi, Jeffrey, Oliver, Rebecca, Olszewski, Adam J., Onyeaka, Henry K., Orchowski, Lindsay M., Osorio, Marcela, Osorio, Luis, O’Sullivan, Cassidy, Outlaw, Jasmine, Oyelakin, Ayotomide, Pace, Paolo G., Paddock, John E., Painter, David F., Palmieri, Alicia, Pappas-Taffer, Lisa, Paranandi, Sneha, Parikh, Mihir, Partin, Michael T., Patel, Birju B., Patel, Melissa D., Patel, Minta, Patel, Nima R., Patel, Pranav M., Patel, Vishal I., Patrick, Brett, Paudel, Shreedhar, Pelcovits, Ari, Perez, David L., Perez, Jose J. Hermina, Pétron, Clément, Pfeuti, Courtney, Pham, Lily C., Phillips, Katharine A., Phillips, Oliver W., Phillips, Tara M., Piana, Lauren E., Portnoff, Brandon S., Pou, Sovijja, Prashar, Rohini, Pulice, Christine, Punko, Diana, Purkayastha, Ayan, Qawi, Imrana, Qu, David, Quesada, Adrian, Quinn, Matthew S., Racchi, Nicholas, Rachu, Gregory S., Rajadurai, Suvithan, Ramachandran, Lintu, Rana, Tanvi, Rathore, Bharti, Rathore, Ritesh, Raukar, Neha P., Ravindra, Lakshmi, Reagan, John L., Reardon, P.K., Reddy, Bharathi V., Reddy, Snigdha T., Reed-Weston, Anne, Reginato, Anthony M., Reichart, James P., Reus, Victor I., Reuter, Matthew, Riaz, Sana, Ricci, Brittany, Rich, Harlan G., Richter, Savanah, Rivera, Lauren Davis, Robertson, Melena J., Roby, Lauren C., Roche, Meaghan, Rodriguez, Alejandra E. Morfin, Gómez, Perla M. Romero, Ron, Hayley A., Rossi, Michael, Rubin, David, Rubin, Lila, Rushworth, Parker, Rutstein, Beth H., Sadeghi, Noushine, Sahota, Ruchi Jalota, Saks, Emily, Sall, Jeffrey W., Salvi, Joshua D., Sanchez, Frank A., Sanchez, Martha C., Sanka, Pranavi, Santhosh, Lekshmi, Santos, Linda Herrera, Sauck, Emily, Saylor, Leah, Scheuing, William J., Sciscione, Anthony, Scott, Matthew Thomas, Sederdahl, Bethany K., Seeber, Richard E., II, Sellers, Kyle, Sen, Aritra, Sewell, Rachel, Shaban, Hesham, Shah, Ankur, Shah, Isha, Shakil, Omair, Sharma, Animesh, Sharma, Yuvraj, Sharp, Lydia, Sherman, Alexander, Shill, Jessica E., Shimanovsky, Alexei, Shipp, Michael M., Shlossman, Philip A., Siddiqui, Khawja A., Siegel, Alyssa, Sigman, Mark, Singh, Harinder P., Singh, Jasneet, Singh, Manjot, Slingsby, Brett, Sloane, Amy J., Smick, Alexandra H., Smith, Jeanette G., Smith, Matthew J., Sohaney, Ryann, Soi, Vivek, Soinski, Rebecca, Soler, Maria E., Soman, Sandeep, Sorg, Emily, Sosnoski, Olivia, Sperati, C. John, Stanford, Nathan, Steele, Emery, Steele, Jacqueline, Stern, Ella, Stier, James, Stockwell, Philip, Subramanian, Lakshmi, Suen, Angela, Suh, Edward, Sundaramoorthy, Anjali, Sunkara, Naveena, Supanakorn, Varut, Suri, Priyasha, Sweeney, Hannah, Takasaki, Kaoru, Takei, Ryosuke, Tan, Laren, Tarawneh, Mohammad, Taylor, Alan, Taylor, Kathryn Marie, Taylor, Matthew A., Taylor, S. Trevor, Tenney-Soeiro, Rebecca, Thomas, Anthony G., Thompson, Stefani, Tien, Alexandra Meyer, Tien, David Robbins, Tierney, Anna-Marie, Toma, Helen, Lopez, Kim Tran, Tryforos, Margaret, Tsaban, Gal, Tschoe, Christine, Tungate, Robert, Turn, Christina S., Uduman, Junior, Umanath, Kausik, Ungar, Stephanie P., Vakili, Babak, van Deventer, Ella, Vemula, Ridhima, Venado, Aida, Vollum, Kathryn G., Vorel, Ethan, Walson, Ifeanyi, Wang, Angela, Wang, Emily, Wang, Li, Wehner, Linsey, Westreich, Roi, Wheeler, Ericka, Wighton, Nakia, Wildman, Alexis, Wilson, Annise, Winikor, Jared M., Wininger, Bryce, Winschel, Julia M., Wold, Jaclyn, Wolpaw, Adam J., Wolpert, Marlene Fishman, Wong, Elisabeth A., Wylie, John, Yang, Anna, Yao, Xuan, Yesodharan, Gemini, Yeung, Jennifer, Yin, Chun H., Yip, Agustin G., Yu, Diana H., Yu, Elizabeth An, Yung, Jeffrey, Zainelabdin, Sarah, Zambrano, Juliana, Zargarian, Emin, Zha, B. Shoshana, Zhang, Helen, Zhao, Leon, Zhou, Diana X., Ziaie, Navid, and Zorin, Danylo

Published
2025
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25. Strategies for forming effective women’s groups

Author

Santhosh, Lekshmi, primary, Harleman, Elizabeth, additional, Venado, Aida, additional, Farrand, Erica, additional, E. Gilbreth, Margaret, additional, Keenan, Bridget P., additional, Thompson, Vanessa V., additional, and Shah, Rupal J., additional

Published
2020
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27. Contributors

Author

Abdelazeem, Mohamed A., Abelman, Rebecca A., Abrantes, Tatiana F., Afari, Maxwell Eyram, Afarideh, Mohsen, Ahmad, Ali, Ahn-Horst, Rosa, Akoto, Shanice, AlAbdulhadi, Abrar, Albright, J. Alex, Sierra, Maria Aldana, Ali, Tanya, Alipanah-Lechner, Narges, Anderson, Chelsea Bloom, Anderson, Chelsie, Anilowski, Kathryn Taylor, Anthony, Anngene, Aoun, Joe, Asaro, Joseph A., Asemota, Daniel, Asiedu, Daniel K., Astsaturov, Artem, Aulakh, Sudeep K., Avasare, Rupali, Babar, Tania B., Bachman, Emelia Argyropoulos, Bains, Ashika, Balaguera, Pedro, Bank, T. Caroline, Banwell, Brenda, Basman, Craig L., Bass, Crystal T., Beausang, Jasjit, Belcher, Ren, Bell, Jennifer, Bellinghausen, Amy L., Bennett, Colleen E., Benson, Nicole M., Bergen, Michael, Berger, Agatha, Berkowitz, Carol D., Bevington, Kristin, Bhagat, Vicky H., Bharmal, Murtaza, Bhatt, Harikrashna B., Bhuptani, Prachi H., Bido-Medina, Richard O., Bielak, Kendall, Bilodeau, Courtney Clark, Bird, Lisa, Bishop, Erin, Bissonette, Stefani, Bitar, Ghamar, Black, Julia E., Blakeney, Craig, Bland, Lauren, Blankenhorn, Brad, Block, Brian, Bochner, Risa, Boduch, Abigail N., Bortz, Christina M., Bouton, Tara C., Bove, Mary E., Bowlby, Lynn A., Box, Amanda, Brady, Mark F., Bratman, Russell E., Brennan, Keith, Bridges, Amy, Brown, Austin K., Brown, Emily, Bui, Eric, Burke, Christine, Burstein, Eleanor, Butler, William, Byanova, Katerina L., Caffrey, A. Gwendolyn, Cahill, Kate, Callanan, Tucker C., Campbell, Taylor, Canty, Katherine W., Cao, Damon H., Caraganis, Andrew, Carpenter, Randy S., Carragee, Eugene, Carrel-Lammert, Meredith, Carter, Ashlie Sewdass, Casillas, Ernesto, Jr., Castellon, Chrystina, Castillo, Jorge J., Catana, Andreea M., Cerezo, Carolina S., Chan, Philip A., Chang, Jacqueline, Chapman, Arlene, Chatterjee-Paer, Sudeshna, Chen, Kevin, Cheng, Vicky, Chin, Robin, Chofay, Dana Ricci, Cholankeril, George, Cholankeril, Rosann, Chou, Jonathan, Chou, Stella T., Choudhury, Natasha, Choxi, Shivali, Christian, Cindy W., Chua, Winona, Claman, David, Clark, Seth, Clarke, Nathan, Clebak, Karl T., Lawrenz, Michael, Cohen, Debbie L., Cohen, Lisa, Cohoon, Travis J., Congdon, Morgan, Constantinou, Maria, Copelin, Eddie L., II, Corley, James Earl, III, Cosgrove, Abigail, Craine, Rebecca, Cristofaro, Patricia, Cruz, Aristides I., Cunningham, Karlene, Curtin, Alicia J., Cusano, Joseph, Dabiri, Ganary, Dado, Lynn, Daly, Gerard H., Dan, Joshua, Dang, Frances, Dash, Miriam E., Dasilva, Manuel F., Davis, Mackenzie, Dedent, Alison, DeJong, Tyler, Denninger, John, Deol, Bisman, Desrochers, Colette, Devon, Erin Pete, Diaz, Joseph A., Dickherber, Jason L., DiMaria, Stephen, Disilvestro, Kevin J., Dohlman, Thomas H., Domenichini, David J., Doo, Kathleen, Dove, James H., Dubanchet, Alexandre, Dudley, John, Dutta, Roop, Dwivedi, Shashank, Dyster, Timothy G., Edmund, Joseph, Eggers, Erica, Eickhoff, Evlyn, Eisenhower, Christine, Ellsworth, Pamela, England, Melissa, Epstein, Alan, Espinosa, Patricio Sebastian, Evanoff, Anastasia, Everly, Eileen, Faber, Mark D., Fabio, Mary, Facer, Evan, Fadale, Paul, Fagan, Matthew J., Fallon, Ryan T., Farkas, Jon, Farrand, Erica, Fay, Kevin, Fernandez-Robles, Carlos, Ferreira, Jason D., Ferreira, Kaio S., Ferri, Fred F., Ferri, Heather, Fischer, Staci A., Wolpert, Marlene Fishman, Forbes, Kellie C., Forcier, Michelle, Ford, Sydney, Fort, Frank G., Fort, Glenn G., Freeman, Nancy, Fricchione, Gregory L., Frisch, Daniel R., Fru, Relindis Azenwi, Gasga, Arturo, Gentile, Tatiana Londoño, Gesthalter, Yaron B., Ghergurovich, Jonathan M., Gibson, Christopher, Gidwani, Nisha H., Gil, Joseph, Gilek-Seibert, Katarzyna, Gitelmaker, Dimitri, Gold, Raphaela, Goldburt, Alla, Goldfarb, Danielle, Goldsmith, Corey Elam, Gangadhara Rao Golla, Maheswara Satya, Gomez, Alexander, Gomez Slagle, Helen B., Gordon, Paul, Gorman, Deirdre C., Greenfield, Morgan, Grisham, Lindsey Anne, Guardino, Cara, Gultawatvichai, Patan, Guo, David, Gupta, Priya Sarin, Guttadauria, Brittany, Guzman, Herodes, Hack, Nawaz K.A., Hafeez, Muhammad Ubaid, Hajmohamed, Sherine, Hall, Sarah, Hallstead, Serica J., Handa, Sajeev, Handler, Stacy N., Harbord, Nikolas, Hardy, Erica J., Haribhakti, Nirav, Hartnett, Davis A., Hartvigsen, Nathan, Havele, Sonia A., Hawkins, Brian, Heinle, Rachel Wright, Helm, Leesha A., Helm, Matthew F., Hennebery, Ruth B., Herek, Jyothsna I., Hladky, Katherine, Hmoud, Hosam, Hodges, Ashley, Hoffman, R. Scott, Hogan, Dawn, Holderread, Brendan, Holiman, Jennifer J., Holland, N. Wilson, Holmes, Karima A., Holton, Siri M., Hsu, Raymond, Huang, Elena, Huang, Laurence, Hull, Mariam, Hume, Anne L., Hussain, Zilla, Hutchinson, Anne, Huynh, Donny V., Hyder, Sarah, Ibrahim, Zainab, Ingraham, Caitlin, Inman, Nicholas J., Innes, Brendan, Insalaco, Louis F., Isennock, Christopher, Ivkovic, Ana, Jafri, S. Hammad, Jain, Koyal, Jain, Vanita B.D., Jain, Vipul V., Jamal, Fariha, Jamil, Marcus L., Jamil, Nadia, Janigian, Robert H., Jr., Jasuja, Sonia, Javier, Noelle Marie, Jetty, Vybhav, Johl, Michael, Johnson, Michael P., Johnson, Steven D., Jolly, Angad, Jonas, Rebecca, Joshi, Shyam, Justice, Joshua, Kansara, Tikal, Karthikeyan, Vanji, Kass, Joseph S., Kass, Naomi R., Katarincic, Julia, Kaul, Bhavika, Kaur, Gurmehr, Kavandi, Hadiseh, Keleshian, Vasken, Keogh, Abigail, Kerrigan, Danielle, Keselman, Dennis, Khan, Adeeba, Khan, Rizwan, Khare, Sarthak, Khawaja, Hussain R., Ellen Kim, Eun Kyung, Kirchner, Robert M., Kodra, Arber, Kogan, Lawrence, Kohrman, Samuel I., Kojic, Erna Milunka, Kokkirala, Aravind Rao, Konstantino, Yuval, Kopyt, Nelson, Kosinski, Lindsay R., Kothadia, Savan, Koti, Ajay, Koulouridis, Ioannis, Kovacevic, Natalija, Kreider, Timothy R., Krishnamohan, Prashanth, Krueger, Van S., Kukreja, Mohit, Kumbar, Lalathaksha, Kuris, Eren O., Kurss, David I., Kutschke, Michael, L’Etoile, Nathan, Lacasce, Ann S., Lam, Uyen T., Lama, Christopher J., Lapite, Ajibike, Lau, Julianna, Leard, Lorriana E., Leavitt, David A., Leba, Christopher T., Lee, Kachiu C., Lee, Yvonne, Lemme, Nicholas J., Lento, René, Li, Jian, Lieberman, Leora, Lin, Erica, Lipner, Kaitlin, Lippincott, Jordan, Liu, Jonathan, London, Stephanie, López, Gabriela, Lord, Kito Akin, Lee Lowery, Curtis (Trey), III, Lucier, David J., Jr., Luther, Lauren, Ma’ayeh, Marwan, Maciag, Michelle C., MacKrell, Katherine, Maclean, Rachel L., MacMurdo, Maeve G., Madva, Elizabeth N., Makai, Gretchen, Makiyil, Jaibel, Malcolm, Katherine, Marcaccio, Stephen E., Marino, Daniel, Masaki, Charles, Mataya, Leslie, Matson, Kelly L., Mazzaglia, Peter J., Mbuyi, Nadine, McCrae, Brian, Jr., McCulloh, Russell J., McDonald, Christopher L., McGowen, Alexandra, McGuire, Leah, McGuirk, Barbara, McKenna, Jaclyn, McNamara, Kelly, Bido Medina, Richard Oliver, Meghani, Ozair K., Mercado, Jorge, Merrill, Scott J., Merritt, Rory, Metcalfe-Klaw, Robin, Michaels, Marian G., Michel, Jeremy, Midha, Shonali, Mikolasko, Brian D., Milner, John, Minami, Taro, Mitsuyama, Rei, Modest, Jacob M., Monhollon, Ethan, Montgrain, Philippe, Morelli, Leah, Morrissey, Patrick J., Mughal, Aleem I., Mukkamalla, Shiva Kumar R., Mullersman, Katherine M., Myers, Ellen, Mylhousen, Emily, Nadeem, Omar, Najem, Catherine E., Nandi, Minesh, Nasir, Uzma, Naveed, Asim, Neff, Robert, Neithardt, Adrienne B., Nelin, Timothy, Nestlerode, Christina, Ni, Samantha, Nokoff, Natalie, Novak, James E., Al Nuaimi, Saif K., Nuss, Emily E., O’Donnell, Ryan M., Oliver, Rebecca, Olszewski, Adam J., Onderko, Laura, Onyeaka, Henry K., Orchowski, Lindsay M., Osborne, Ashley D., Ovide, Gerry, Owens, Brett D., Oyelakin, Ayotomide, Pace, Paolo G., Palma-Zamora, Isaac, Papaila, Alexa, Pappas-Taffer, Lisa, Parekh, Maria A., Pares, Marco, Parikh, Mihir, Parikh, Shivani, Partin, Michael T., Patel, Birju B., Patel, Devan D., Patel, Melissa D., Patel, Nima R., Patel, Pranav M., Patrick, Brett, Pattni, Chandni, Paudel, Shreedhar, Paul, Ritika, Paxton, E. Scott, Peay, Celeste, Perazella, Mark, Perez, Alyssa, Perez, David L., Pfeuti, Courtney, Pham, Lily C., Pham, Long, Phillips, Katharine A., Phillips, Oliver W., Piana, Lauren E., Plante, Wendy A., Plumley, Kevin V., Powell, Mitchell, Powers, Alexander, Prashar, Rohini, Priestly, Margaret, Pulice, Christine, Punko, Diana, Puthawala, Imran, Qawi, Imrana, Quesada, Adrian, Rachu, Gregory S, Radhakrishnan, Parvathi, Raducha, Jeremy E., Rafeq, Samaan, Ranieri, Gina, Rathore, Bharti, Rathore, Ritesh, Raukar, Neha P., Reagan, John L., Reddy, Bharathi V., Reddy, Snigdha T., Reed-Weston, Anne, Reginato, Anthony M., Reichart, James P., Reinhart, Michaela B., Restrepo, Judith A., Reus, Victor I., Rich, Harlan G., Riotto, Giancarlo, Rivera, Alvaro M., Rivera, Lauren Davis, Roberts, Todd F., Robertson, Melena J., Roche, Meaghan, Rodarte, Patricia, Morfin Rodriguez, Alejandra E., Romero Gómez, Perla M., Roof, Tucker J., Rosenbaum, Blake L., Roussel, Breton, Rubeor, Amity, Rubin, David, Ruhstaller, Kelly, Sadeghi, Noushine, Saeed, Firrah, Sahota, Ruchi Jalota, Saks, Emily, Sall, Jeffrey W., Salvi, Joshua D., Samaniego-Picota, Milagros, Santhosh, Lekshmi, Santos, Linda Herrera, Satpathy, Hemant K., Satpathy, Ruby K., Sauck, Emily, Sayeed, Syeda M., Saylor, Leah, Scaramangas-Plumley, Daphne, Scheel, Paul J., Jr., Schlussel, Bradley, Schmitt, Heiko, Schnitzer, Kristina, Sciscione, Anthony, Scott, Matthew Thomas, Seeber, Richard E., II, Seijo, Leslie, Selby, Sasha L., Sell, Peter J., Sewell, Rachel, Shaban, Hesham, Shah, Ankur, Ali Shaikh, Aaron, Sharma, Animesh, Sharma, Yuvraj, Sharp, Lydia, Shea, Timothy, Sherman, Alexander, Shill, Jessica E., Shimanovsky, Alexei, Shlossman, Philip A., Siddiqui, Khawja A., Siegel, Alyssa, Sigman, Mark, Silber, Zachary S., Singh, Harinder P., Singhal, Divya, Sittard, Lauren, Slingsby, Brett, Sloane, Amy, Smick, Alexandra H., Smith, Devon, Smith, Jeanette G., Smith, Matthew J, Shain, Rachel Smith, Sohaney, Ryann, Soi, Vivek, Soinski, Rebecca, Soler, Maria E., Soman, Sandeep, Song, Jeffrey S., Sorg, Emily, Sperati, C. John, Sprow, Grant, Stern, Diana, Stern, Ella, Stockwell, Philip, Suh, Edward, Sun, Jennifer K., Sundaramoorthy, Anjali, Suppogu, Nissi, Sutter, Stephanie, Sweeney, Hannah, Tabatabavakili, Sahar, Tabba, Maher, Takasaki, Kaoru, Takei, Ryosuke, Talley-Bruns, Rachel, Tammaro, Dominick, Tan, Laren, Taylor, Alan, Taylor, S. Trevor, Tellioglu, Tahir, Testa, Edward J., Thomas, Anthony G., Tibbetts, Erin, Tien, Alexandra Meyer, Tien, David Robbins, Tierney, Anna-Marie, Tiffany, Patrick, Tillquist, Kristen, Toma, Helen, Triplett, Thomas M., Trivedi, Hirsh D., Tryforos, Margaret, Tsaban, Gal, Tucci, Joseph R., Turco, David, Turock, Julia, Tyree, Griffin A., Uduman, Junior, Uiterwyk, Sean H., Ukaegbu, Rebecca, Umanth, Kausik, Vakili, Babak, van Kirk, Emily, Vemula, Ridhima, Venado, Aida, Vijayakumar, Shilpa, Vollum, Kathryn G., Vorel, Ethan, Wagner, Brent T., Walesko, Mary-Beth, Walsh, Devin, Walsh, Ryan, Walson, Ifeanyi, Wang, Angela, Wang, Danielle, Wang, Jarey H., Wang, Stephani C., Wang, Tisha, Weinberg, Marc S., Westreich, Roi, Wilhoite, Morgan, Wilson, Annise, Wilson, Joshua, Winikor, Jared M., Wininger, Bryce, Winokur, Daniel, Wutawunashe, Caleb V., Wylie, John, Xiao, Yasi, Xu, Jennifer, Yang, Anna, Yarimi, Jonathan M., Yee, Jerry, Yesodharan, Gemini, Yeung, Jennifer, Yin, Chun H., Yip, Agustin G., Young, John Q., Young, Shane, Yu, Elizabeth An, Zenlea, Talia, Zha, B. Shoshana, Ziaie, Navid, Zipursky, Rachel, Zollman, Joshua W., Zorin, Danylo, and Zurek, Olivia

Published
2023
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35. Contributors

Author

Abelman, Rebecca A., Abrams-Downey, Alexandra, Adams, Emily, Afari, Maxwell Eyram, Akoto, Shanice, Al Jandali, MHD Hussam, Alhudairy, Maad M., Ali, Tanya, Alipanah-Lechner, Narges, Allen, Stephanie M., Alomari, Ihab, Alpert-Rathhauser, Erin, Ander, Ilana, Andrievskaya, Maria, Anilowski, Kathryn Taylor, Anthony, AnnGene, Aoun, Joe, Arzomand, Zuhal, Ashtiani, Ali, Asiedu, Daniel K., Astsaturov, Artem, Aulakh, Sudeep K., Avasare, Rupali, Aziz, Sarah, Babar, Tania B., Bachman, Emelia Argyropoulos, Bains, Ashika, Bank, T. Caroline, Banwell, Brenda, Barrett, Trace, Barseghian, Ailin, Basman, Craig L., Bawaadam, Hasnain, Beckwith, Noor, Belcher, Ren, Bell, Jennifer, Bellinghausen, Amy L., Benner, Deanna, Benson, Nicole M., Bergen, Michael, Berger, Agatha, Berges, Arnaldo A., Berkowitz, Carol, Bevington, Kristin, Bhagat, Vicky H., Bhatt, Harikrashna B., Bhuptani, Prachi H., Bilodeau, Courtney Clark, Bissonette, Stefani, Bitar, Ghamar, Blakeney, Craig, Blankenhorn, Brad, Block, Brian, Blomberg, Christopher P., Boduch, Abigail N., Bokshan, Steven L., Bortz, Christina M., Boulos, Alexandre, Bouton, Tara C., Bove, Mary E., Bowlby, Lynn A., Box, Amanda, Brady, Mark F., Bratman, Russell E., Brennan, Keith, Bridges, Amy, Brown, Emily, Budzyn, Jeffrey, Bui, Eric, Burke, Christine, Byanova, Katerina L., Cahill, Kate, Canty, Katherine, Cao, Damon, Caraganis, Andrew, Carpenter, Randy S., Carragee, Eugene, Carter, Ashlie Sewdass, Castaneda-Guarderas, Ana, Castillo, Jorge J., Catana, Andreea M., Cerezo, Carolina S., Chan, Philip A., Chang, Lucy Y., Chapman, Arlene, Chawla, Anjulika, Chemchirian, Hrak, Cheng, Vicky, Cherian, Tracy, Chin, Robin, Chis, Roxana, Chitturi, Chandrika, Chofay, Dana Ricci, Cholankeril, George, Cholankeril, Rosann, Chou, Stella T., Choudhry, Aruj, Choxi, Shivali, Christian, Cindy W., Chua, Winona, Clark, Seth, Clebak, Karl T., Cohen, Debbie L., Cohen, Lisa, Cohen, Phillip D., Cohn, Zachary, Congdon, Morgan, Constantinou, Maria, Copelin, Eddie L., II, Corley, James Earl, III, Craine, Rebecca, Cristofaro, Patricia, Crouss, Tess, Cruz, Aristides I., Cunha, Joanne Szczygiel, Cunningham, Karlene, Currier, Chase, Curtin, Alicia J., Cusano, Joseph, Dabiri, Ganary, Dado, Lynn, Dalal, Deepan S., Daly, Gerhard H., Danak, Shivang U., Das, Rituparna, DaSilva, Manuel F., Dave, Natasha, Davis, Mackenzie, Dedent, Alison, Denninger, John, Desrochers, Colette, Detweiler, Jacquelyn, Devon, Erin Pete, Dhokte, Ashwini U., Diaz, Joseph A., DiSilvestro, Kevin J., Dohlman, Thomas H., Dolter, Stephen, Domenichini, David J., Doo, Kathleen, Dove, James H., Duh-Leong, Carol, Duker, Andrew P., Dwivedi, Shashank, Dworkin, Myles, Eisenhower, Christine, Elghafri, Amani A., Ellsworth, Pamela, Epstein, Alan, Espinosa, Patricio Sebastian, Evans, Andrew R., Everly, Eileen, Faber, Mark D., Fabio, Mary, Facer, Evan, Fadale, Paul, Fagan, Matthew J., Farkas, Jon, Farrand, Erica, Fay, Kevin, Fernandez-Robles, Carlos, Ferreira, Jason D., Ferri, Fred F., Ferri, Heather, Fischer, Staci A., Fonge, Yaneve, Forbes, Kellie C., Forcier, Michelle, Ford, Sydney, Fort, Frank G., Fort, Glenn G., Fraser, Justin F., Fricchione, Gregory L., Friedman, Michael, Frisch, Daniel R., Fusunyan, Mark, Gallo, Anthony, Garg, Rimmy, Gasga, Arturo, Gentile, Tatiana Londoño, Gesthalter, Yaron B., Ghanim, Mostafa, Ghazarian, Armen S., Gidwani, Nisha H., Gil, Joseph, Gitelmaker, Dimitri, Godding, Mark, Goldburt, Alla, Goldfarb, Danielle, Goldsmith, Corey, Gangadhara Rao Golla, Maheswara Satya, Gomez, Helen B., Goodman, Avi D., Gordon, Paul, Gray, John A., Greenfield, Morgan, Grisham, Lindsey Anne, Gultawatvichai, Patan, Guo, David, Gupta, Priya Sarin, Guttadauria, Brittany, Guzman, Herodes, Hack, Nawaz K.A., Handa, Sajeev, Harbord, Nikolas, Hardy, Erica, Harrington, Colin J., Hartvigsen, Nathan, Havele, Sonia A., Hayes, Don, Jr., Hehar, Jaspreet K., Heinle, Rachel Wright, Helm, Leesha A., Helm, Matthew F., Hennebery, Ruth B., Herek, Jyothsna I., Hewson, Melissa A., Hines, Margaret R., Hladky, Katherine, Hodges, Ashley, Hoffman, R. Scott, Hogan, Dawn, Holiman, Jennifer J., Holland, N. Wilson, Holmes, Karima A., Holton, Siri M., Hoy, Austin, Hsu, Raymond, Huang, Elena, Huang, Lawrence, Hume, Anne L., Hussain, Zilla, Huynh, Donny V., Hyder, Sarah, Ibrahim, Dina A., Ibrahim, Zainab, Ingraham, Caitlin, Inman, Nicholas J., Insalaco, Louis F., Ivkovic, Ana, Jacobson, Ashley A., Jafri, S. Hammad, Jain, Koyal, Jain, Vanita B.D., Jamal, Fariha, Jamil, Marcus L., Janigian, Robert H., Jr., Jasuja, Sonia, Javier, Noelle Marie, Jenkins, Derek R., Jetty, Vybhav, Jin, Lillian, Johnson, Katie, Johnson, Michael P., Jolly, Angad, Jonas, Rebecca, Jones, Matthew C., Joshi, Priyanka, Joshi, Shyam, Justice, Joshua, Karthikeyan, Vanji, Kass, Joseph S., Kass, Naomi R., Kassam, Zain, Katarincic, Julia, Kaul, Bhavika, Kaur, Gurmehr, Kazim, Ali, Kazzaz, Sudad, Kedar, Sachin, Keleshian, Vasken, Keselman, Dennis, Khan, Rizwan, Khare, Sarthak, Khawaja, Hussain R., Kirchner, Robert M., Kohrman, Samuel I., Kojic, Erna Milunka, Kokkirala, Aravind Rao, Konstantino, Yuval, Kopyt, Nelson, Kosinski, Lindsay R., Kothadia, Savan, Koulouridis, Ioannis, Kovacevic, Natalija, Kreider, Timothy R., Krishnamohan, Prashanth, Krueger, Van S., Kumbar, Lalathaksha, Kuris, Eren O., Kurss, David I., Kutschke, Michael, LaCasce, Ann S., Lam, Uyen T., Lapite, Ajibike, Lau, Julianna, Leard, Lorriana E., Leavitt, David A., Lee, Hyun, Lee, Kachiu C., Lee, Yvonne, Lemme, Nicholas J., Lento, René, Levins, James G., Li, Jian, Li, Suqing, Lieberman, Leora, Lightner, Donita D., Lin, Erica, Longjohn, Cynthia, López, Gabriela, Lord, Kito Akin, Lowenhaupt, Elizabeth A., Lowery, Curtis (Trey) Lee, III, Lucier, David J., Jr., Maciag, Michelle C., MacLean, Rachel L., Madva, Elizabeth N., Maheswaran, Abiramy, Majmudar, Shefali, Makai, Gretchen, Malcolm, Katherine, Malhotra, Pieusha, Manjrekar, Eishita, Maracaccio, Stephen E., Masaki, Charles, Mazumdar, Maitreyi, Mazzaglia, Peter J., Mbuyi, Nadine, McCulloh, Russell J., McDonald, Christopher, McGowen, Alexandra, McGuirk, Barbara, McNamara, Kelly, Mercado, Jorge, Merrill, Scott J., Merriman, Jennifer B., Merritt, Rory, Metcalfe-Klaw, Robin, Michaels, Marian G., Michaud, Gaetane, Michel, Jeremy, Mikolasko, Brian D., Min, May, Minami, Taro, Minkel, Jared D., Mirza, Farhan A., Mistry, Hetal D., Mitsuyama, Rei, Modest, Jacob, Monachese, Marc, Monhollon, Ethan, Montgrain, Philippe, Mordehai, Eveline, Morelli, Leah, Mughal, Aleem I., Mujib, Marjan, Mukkamalla, Shiva Kumar R., Mullersman, Katherine M., Nadeem, Omar, Naseri, Hussain Mohammad H., Nasir, Uzma, Neithardt, Adrienne B., Ni, Samantha, Nisavic, Mladen, Nokoff, Natalie, Novak, James E., Nunneley, Chloe Mander, Nuss, Emily E., O’Donnell, Ryan M., Olszewski, Adam J., Onyeaka, Henry K., Orchowski, Lindsay M., Orman, Sebastian, Osborne, Ashley D., Owens, Brett D., Oyelakin, Ayotomide, Pace, Paolo G., Papaila, Alexa, Pappas-Taffer, Lisa, Pares, Marco, Parikh, Mihir, Parikh, Shivani, Partin, Michael T., Patel, Birju B., Patel, Devan D., Patel, Melissa D., Patel, Nima R., Patel, Pranav M., Patel, Shivani K., Patel, Shyam A., Patrick, Brett, Paudel, Shreedhar, Paul, Grace Rebecca, Paxton, E. Scott, Pearlstein, Ethan, Peck, Alexander, Perazella, Mark, Perez, David L., Pfeuti, Courtney, Pham, Lily C., Pham, Long, Phillips, Katharine A., Phillips, Oliver W., Phung, Quan, Plante, Wendy A., Plumley, Kevin V., Praschan, Nathan, Prashar, Rohini, Pressman, Amanda, Priestly, Margaret, Punko, Diana, Puthawala, Imran, Qawi, Imrana, Quan, Michele, Quijije, Nadia, Quinn, Matthew, Rachu, Gregory S., Raducha, Jeremy E., Rafeq, Samaan, Ranieri, Gina, Rathore, Bharti, Rathore, Ritesh, Raukar, Neha P., Reagan, John L., Reddy, Bharathi V., Reddy, Snigdha T., Reed, Griffin, Reginato, Anthony M., Reichart, James P., Reinhart, Michaela B., Restrepo, Judith A., Reus, Victor I., Revet, Alexis, Reyes, Candice, Rich, Harlan G., Richards, Rocco J., Richards, Sheyla, Riddell, Nathan, Righi, Giulia, Rivera, Alvaro M., Rivera, Lauren Davis, Riviere, Amy E., Roberts, Todd F., Robertson, Melena, Morfin Rodriguez, Alejandra E., Romero Gómez, Perla M., Roth, Julie L., Roussel, Breton, Rubeor, Amity, Rubin, David, Ruhstaller, Kelly, Saeed, Firrah, Safi, Javeryah, Saks, Emily, Sall, Jeffrey W., Samaniego-Picota, Milagros, Sanders, Wesley M., Santhosh, Lekshmi, Santos, Linda Herrera, Satiya, Jinendra, Satpathy, Hemant K., Satpathy, Ruby K., Sauck, Emily, Sayeed, Syeda M., Saylor, Leah, Scaramangas-Plumley, Daphne, Scheel, Paul J., Jr., Schlussel, Bradley, Schnitzer, Kristina, Sciscione, Anthony, Scully, Christina D., Seeber, Richard E., II, Gilek-Seibert, Katarzyna, Sell, Peter J., Sewell, Rachel, Shaban, Hesham, Shah, Ankur, Sharma, Animesh, Sharma, Esseim, Sharma, Gargi Priamvada, Sharma, Yuvraj, Sharp, Lydia, Sherman, Alexander, Shill, Jessica E., Shlossman, Philip A., Shrestha, Asha, Siddiqui, Khawja A., Siegel, Alyssa, Sigman, Mark, Singh, Harinder P., Singh, Vikas, Slate, Jerome L., Slingsby, Brett, Smick, Alexandra H., Smith, Jeanette G., Smith, Jonathan H., Smith, Matthew J., Soi, Vivek, Soinski, Rebecca, Soler, Maria E., Soman, Sandeep, Sorg, Emily, Spear, Timothy T., Sperati, C. John, Stern, Diana, Stern, Ella, Stockwell, Philip, Sudhakar, Padmaja, Suh, Edward, Sun, Jennifer K., Sutter, Stephanie, Sweeney, Joseph, Sweeney, Simone, Tabba, Maher, Takasaki, Kaoru, Takei, Ryosuke, Tammaro, Dominick, Tan, Laren, Taylor, Alan, Tellioglu, Tahir, Testa, Edward J., Thomas, Anthony G., Thome, Andrew P., Jr., Tien, Alexandra Meyer, Tien, David Robbins, Tierney, Anna-Marie, Tiffany, Patrick, Toma, Helen, Triplett, Thomas M., Trivedi, Hirsh D., Trivedi, Vrinda, Tryforos, Margaret, Tsaban, Gal, Tucci, Joseph R., Uduman, Junior, Uiterwyk, Sean H., Ukaegbu, Rebecca, Umanth, Kausik, Uy, Bryant, Vakili, Babak, Van Kirk, Emily, Vaughan, Jennifer E., Venado, Aida, Vijayakumar, Shilpa, Vollum, Kathryn G., Vorel, Ethan, Vu, Kimberly, Vutescu, Emil Stefan, Walker, J. Richard, III, Walsh, Ryan, Walson, Ifeanyi, Wang, Angela, Wang, Danielle, Wang, Evelyn R., Wang, Jarey H., Wang, Ming-Jin, Wang, Stephani C., Wang, Tisha, Watson, Ryan, Weekley, Manuel Shayne, Weinberg, Marc S., Weiss, Max, Walesko, Mary-Beth, Werth, Adrienne, White, Matthew J., Williamson, Patrick, Wincze, John P., Winikor, Jared M., Wininger, Bryce, Wolpert, Marlene Fishman, Wongsaengsak, Sariya, Wylie, John, Wu, Tzu-Ching (Teddy), Yang, Anna, Yang, Nicole B., Yee, Jerry, Yesodharan, Gemini, Yi, Jia, Yip, Agustin G., York, Robert J., Young, John Q., Young, Shane, Yusufani, Reem, Zahm, Caroline, Zdroik, Anna V., Zenlea, Talia, Zhou, Diana, Zia, B. Shoshana, Ziaie, Navid, Zimmerman, Mark, Zipursky, Rachel, Zollman, Joshua W., Zorin, Danylo, Zouk, Aline N., and Zurek, Olivia

Published
2022
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39. Strategies for forming effective women's groups.

Author

Santhosh, Lekshmi, Harleman, Elizabeth, Venado, Aida, Farrand, Erica, E. Gilbreth, Margaret, Keenan, Bridget P., Thompson, Vanessa V., and Shah, Rupal J.

Subjects
WOMEN'S societies & clubs, AFFINITY groups, GENDER inequality, HEALTH equity, SHAMANS
Abstract

Women are under‐represented at the highest levels of leadership in health care, so many institutions have started forming "women in medicine" affinity groups. In this The Clinical Teacher's Toolbox, we review the history of women's professional peer‐to‐peer networking groups in health care, describe the rationale for establishing a women's group, discuss the goals and common content covered by successful women's groups, share best practices on forming and sustaining women's groups, and describe common pitfalls to avoid. When forming a women's group, identifying the group's vision, mission, and primary aim statements are important, and early meetings should deliberately establish a tone of inclusion. We acknowledge that the term "women's groups" implies that gender identity is binary – in reality, these groups are for all who want to combat gender inequities in health care. While early stages of women's groups typically focus on community‐building, peer networking, and inviting guest speakers to speak about relevant topics, successful groups often ultimately pivot to advocacy, internal capacity‐building, evaluation, and dissemination. To sustain and maintain the group, succession planning, regular opportunities for evaluation, and deliberate planning are essential. Although usual principles of successful small group creation apply, this article outlines unique considerations for how women's groups can advance gender equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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42. Differences in Healthcare and Palliative Care Utilization at the End of Life: a Comparison Study Between Lung Cancer, COPD, and IPF

Author

Suen, Angela O., Bischoff, Kara, Iyer, Anand S., Radhakrishnan, Keerthana, Fenton, Cynthia, Singer, Jonathan P., Sudore, Rebecca L., Kotwal, Ashwin, and Farrand, Erica

Abstract

Patients with lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have high symptom burden, poor quality of life, and high healthcare utilization at the end of life. While proactive integration of palliative care in lung cancer can improve outcomes, it is unclear whether similar practices have been adopted in COPD and IPF care.

Published
2024
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43. Corticosteroid use is not associated with improved outcomes in acute exacerbation of IPF.

Author

Farrand, Erica, Vittinghoff, Eric, Ley, Brett, Butte, Atul J., and Collard, Harold R.

Subjects
*HOSPITAL mortality, *ELECTRONIC health records, *PATIENT readmissions, *IDIOPATHIC pulmonary fibrosis
Abstract

Background and objective: AE‐IPF has profound prognostic implications, preceding approximately half of all IPF‐related deaths. Despite this clinical significance, there are limited data to guide management decisions. Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment despite a lack of strong supporting evidence and mounting concern that they may be harmful. We assessed the impact of corticosteroid therapy on in‐hospital mortality in AE‐IPF patients. Methods: AE‐IPF subjects were retrospectively identified in the UCSF medical centre's electronic health records from 1 January 2010 to 1 August 2018 using a code‐based algorithm followed by case validation. The relationship between corticosteroid treatment and in‐hospital mortality was assessed using a Cox model and a propensity score to control for confounding by indication. Secondary outcomes included hospital readmissions and overall survival. Results: In total, 82 AE‐IPF subjects were identified, of whom 37 patients (45%) received corticosteroids. AE‐IPF subjects treated with corticosteroids were more likely to require ICU level care and mechanical ventilation. There was no statistically significant association between corticosteroid treatment and in‐hospital mortality (propensity score weighted, adjusted HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.26–6.55; P = 0.74). Overall survival was reduced in AE‐IPF subjects receiving corticosteroids (HR: 6.17; 95% CI: 1.35–28.14; P = 0.019). Conclusion: Our study found no evidence that corticosteroid use improves outcomes in IPF patients admitted to the hospital with acute exacerbation. Furthermore, corticosteroid use may contribute to reduced overall survival following an exacerbation. Observational cohort studies using larger real‐world cohorts can more definitively assess the relationship between corticosteroid treatment and short‐term outcomes in AE‐IPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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45. Early mobilization of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a retrospective cohort study

Author

Abrams, Darryl, primary, Javidfar, Jeffrey, additional, Farrand, Erica, additional, Mongero, Linda B, additional, Agerstrand, Cara L, additional, Ryan, Patrick, additional, Zemmel, David, additional, Galuskin, Keri, additional, Morrone, Theresa M, additional, Boerem, Paul, additional, Bacchetta, Matthew, additional, and Brodie, Daniel, additional

Published
2014
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48. Differences in Healthcare Utilization at the End of Life: a Comparison Study of Three Progressive Lung Diseases.

Author

Suen, Angela, Bischoff, Kara E., Kotwal, Ashwin, Sudore, Rebecca, and Farrand, Erica

Subjects
*LUNG diseases, *CHRONIC obstructive pulmonary disease, *SYMPTOM burden, *MEDICAL care, *INPATIENT care, *CANCER pain
Abstract

1. Understand differences in healthcare and palliative care utilization across lung cancer, COPD, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. 2. Identify potential areas of unmet palliative care needs in patients with different non-cancer lung diseases. Patients dying of COPD and IPF have lower outpatient palliative care and opioid use and higher intensive care utilization when compared to those dying of lung cancer. Our findings suggest possible unmet palliative care needs in patients dying with COPD or IPF. Patients with lung cancer (LC), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently report high symptom burden, poor quality of life, and have high healthcare utilization at the end of life. Palliative care integration in oncology has improved these outcomes in LC, however it is unclear whether similar practice has been adopted in COPD and IPF care. We compared rates of palliative care and healthcare utilization in the last six months of life in patients with LC, COPD, and IPF. We retrospectively identified 2,343 deceased patients with LC, COPD, or IPF with ≥1 outpatient or inpatient visit at UCSF. We used registry data or previously validated algorithms to identify patients with LC, COPD, or IPF. Outcomes included metrics of outpatient and inpatient healthcare utilization. We used multivariate logistic regression controlling for demographics/co-morbidities. Compared to the LC group, patients with COPD and IPF were more likely to be white, male, older at the time of death, with fewer comorbidities (p< 0.001). Patients with COPD and IPF compared to LC were less likely to receive outpatient palliative care (adjusted probability in LC: 30%, COPD: 13%, IPF: 19%, p< 0.05) or outpatient opioids (LC: 69%, COPD: 55%, IPF: 49%, p< 0.001). Patients with COPD and IPF were more likely to receive intensive care (LC: 29%, COPD: 52%, IPF: 59%, p< 0.001), mechanical ventilation (LC: 14%, COPD: 21%, IPF: 34%, p< 0.001), and have higher inpatient palliative care utilization (LC: 28%, COPD: 38%, IPF: 44%, p=0.002) in the last six months of life. Patients dying of COPD and IPF were less likely to receive outpatient palliative care and more likely to receive intensive care when compared to LC at the end of life. Our preliminary analysis suggests possible unmet outpatient palliative care needs in patients dying with COPD or IPF and should be further explored. Disease specific management / Patient Outcomes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Phage Immunoprecipitation-Sequencing Reveals CDHR5 Autoantibodies in Select Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease.

Author

Upadhyay V, Yoon YM, Vazquez SE, Velez TE, Jones KD, Lee CT, Law CS, Wolters PJ, Lee S, Yang MM, Farrand E, Noth I, Strek ME, Anderson MS, DeRisi JL, Sperling AI, and Shum AK

Abstract

Objective: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that can develop in patients with connective tissue diseases. Establishing autoimmunity in ILD impacts prognosis and treatment. Patients with ILD are screened for autoimmunity by measuring antinuclear autoantibodies, rheumatoid factors, and other nonspecific tests. However, this approach may miss autoimmunity that manifests as autoantibodies to tissue antigens not previously defined in ILD., Methods: We use Phage Immunoprecipitation-Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) to conduct an autoantibody discovery screen of patients with ILD and controls. We screened for novel autoantigen candidates using PhIP-Seq. We next developed a radio-labeled binding assay and validated the leading candidate in 398 patients with ILD recruited from two academic medical centers and 138 blood bank individuals that formed our reference cohort., Results: PhIP-Seq identified 17 novel autoreactive targets, and machine learning classifiers derived from these targets discriminated ILD serum from controls. Among the 17 candidates, we validated CDHR5 and found CDHR5 autoantibodies in patients with rheumatologic disorders and importantly, patients not previously diagnosed with autoimmunity. Using survival and transplant free-survival data available from one of the two centers, patients with CDHR5 autoantibodies showed worse survival compared with other patients with connective tissue disease ILD., Conclusion: We used PhIP-Seq to define a novel CDHR5 autoantibody in a subset of select patients with ILD. Our data complement a recent study showing polymorphisms in the CDHR5-IRF7 gene locus strongly associated with titer of anticentromere antibodies in systemic sclerosis, creating a growing body of evidence suggesting a link between CDHR5 and autoimmunity., (© 2024 The Author(s). ACR Open Rheumatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Rheumatology.)

Published
2024
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50. PhIP-Seq uncovers novel autoantibodies and unique endotypes in interstitial lung disease.

Author

Upadhyay V, Yoon YM, Vazquez SE, Velez TE, Jones KD, Lee CT, Law CS, Wolters PJ, Lee S, Yang MM, Farrand E, Noth I, Strek ME, Anderson M, DeRisi J, Sperling AI, and Shum AK

Abstract

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that can develop in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD). Establishing autoimmunity in ILD impacts prognosis and treatment. ILD patients are screened for autoimmunity by assaying for anti-nuclear autoantibodies, rheumatoid factors and other non-specific tests. However, this approach has not been rigorously validated and may miss autoimmunity that manifests as autoantibodies to tissue antigens not previously defined in ILD. Here, we use Phage Immunoprecipitation-Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) to conduct a large, multi-center unbiased autoantibody discovery screen of ILD patients and controls. PhIP-Seq identified 17 novel autoreactive targets, and machine learning classifiers derived from these targets discriminated ILD serum from controls. Among these 17 candidates, we validated Cadherin Related Family Member 5 (CDHR5) as an autoantigen and found CDHR5 autoantibodies in patients with rheumatologic disorders and importantly, subjects not previously diagnosed with autoimmunity. Lung tissue of CDHR5 autoreactive patients showed transcriptional profiles consistent with activation of NFκB signaling and upregulation of chitotriosidase (CHIT1), a molecular pathway linked to fibrosis. Our study shows PhIP-Seq uncovers novel autoantibodies in ILD patients not revealed by standard clinical tests. Furthermore, CDHR5 autoantibodies may define a novel molecular endotype of ILD characterized by inflammation and fibrosis.

Published
2023
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