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The Havana–Matanzas Ophiolite contains one of the few examples of ophiolitic platinum group minerals (PGM)-rich chromitites associated with orthopyroxenites in the mantle section of ophiolitic complexes. The chromitites occur as veins hosted by orthopyroxenite bands within mantle peridotites. The peridotites are mostly harzburgites and their accessory chromite shows high-Al compositions (Cr# [Cr/(Cr+Al), atomic ratio] = 0.39–0.50), which are typical of spinels in abyssal peridotites. Conversely, chromite from the chromitite veins and their host orthopyroxenite are high-Cr (Cr# = 0.72–0.73 and 0.62–0.69, respectively), with lower Mg# [Mg/(Mg+Fe2+), atomic ratio]. This suggests that both the chromitite and the orthopyroxenite formed from melts with boninitic affinity. The abundant PGM inclusions found in the chromitites are mainly Os-rich laurite grains, which is also characteristic of chromitites formed from magmas with boninitic affinity. Therefore, we propose that the chromitite veins and the orthopyroxenite bands probably formed contemporaneously in the fore-arc setting of an intra-oceanic arc during subduction. The chromitite-orthopyroxenite pair of the Havana-Matanzas Ophiolite could form after the reaction of a Si-rich melt with boninitic affinity and mantle harzburgite, with the orthopyroxenite bands preserving fingerprints of the infiltration of boninitic- affinity melts within the mantle. The small volume of forming chromitite could maximize the efficiency for the mechanical collection of the PGM forming in the parental melt of these rocks, resulting in the anomalous enrichment of primary PGM in the chromitites., La ofiolita de Habana-Matanzas contiene uno de los pocos ejemplos de cromititas ricas en minerales del grupo del platino (MGP) asociadas a ortopiroxenitas de la sección mantélica de complejos ofiolíticos. Las cromititas ocurren como venas encajadas en bandas de ortopiroxenita dentro de la peridotita mantélica. Las peridotitas son mayoritariamente harzburgitas con cromita accesoria rica en Al (#Cr [Cr/(Cr+Al), cociente atómico] = 0.39–0.50), lo cual es típico de espinelas en peridotitas abisales. Por otro lado, la cromita perteneciente a las venas de cromitita y a la ortopiroxenita encajante es rica en Cr (#Cr = 0.72–0.73 y 0.62–0.69, respectivamente) y con bajo #Mg [Mg/(Mg+Fe2+), cociente atómico]. Esto sugiere que tanto las venas de cromitita como la ortopiroxenita se formaron a partir de fundidos de afinidad boninítica. Las abundantes inclusiones de MGP encontradas en las cromititas son principalmente granos de laurita ricos en Os, lo cual también es propio de cromititas formadas a partir de magmas con afinidad boninítica. Por lo tanto, proponemos que las venas de cromitita y las bandas de ortopiroxenitas se formaron contemporáneamente en un contexto de ante-arco en un arco intra-oceánico durante el proceso de subducción. El conjunto cromitita-ortopiroxenita de la ofiolita de Habana- Matanzas se formó por la reacción de fundidos ricos en Si con afinidad boninítica y la harzburgita mantélica. Las bandas de ortopiroxenitas sería la huella química que habrían dejado estos fundidos boniníticos al infiltrarse por el manto. El volumen reducido de las cromititas que se formaron maximizó la eficiencia del proceso de recolección mecánica de los MGP que se formaban en el fundido parental, dando lugar al enriquecimiento de MGP primarios como inclusiones en las cromititas.

We present and discuss temperatures, major and trace element gas geochemistry, radiogenic isotopes (Pb, Sr) and the first Zn isotope data of fumarole condensates and altered rocks from the Vulcano fumarolic field. The fumaroles of the La Fossa cone, sampled on 5th May 2015, have temperatures ranging between 233 and 427 °C. They plot compositionally on the mixing trend between the magmatic and hydrothermal end-members defined by previous studies, but are strongly displaced towards the hydrothermal component. Correlations of radiogenic (Sr, Pb) and stable isotopes of Zn with δ13CCO2 and several trace elements of the fumarolic acid condensates support mixing between the above mentioned distinct (magmatic and hydrothermal) fluids. The magmatic end-member has a less radiogenic Sr (87Sr/86Sr ~0.7045) and heavier Zn isotope composition (δ66Zn ~0.3‰). The hydrothermal fluid end-member has a more radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr signature (>0.7055), which could be due to leaching of radiogenic Sr from the crystalline basement rocks or reflect seawater Sr. It is also characterized by lighter Zn isotope composition (δ66Zn < −0.3), most likely reflecting equilibrium fractionation of Zn isotopes during precipitation of sphalerite (ZnS) from the hydrothermal fluid. Nonetheless, some scatter in the correlation trends suggests either the involvement of additional (subordinate) source(s) or temporal variations in isotopic and chemical compositions of the two above end-members. Pb isotope compositions of the fumaroles sampled in this study show a shift towards less radiogenic values compared to pre-2001 fumaroles. This could indicate either a change in the hydrothermal circulation pattern (leading to leaching of rocks with different isotopic compositions) or the involvement of a new, isotopically distinct, magmatic fluid. The alteration zones around the fumarole vents are also characterized by systematic correlations of Pb and Zn isotopes with major and trace elements. We interpret these as the result of the addition onto the substratum volcanic rock of Pb and Zn from the fumaroles. Zn isotope signatures of the alteration zones are significantly heavier than those of the corresponding fumaroles (δ66Zn = 0.3–1.6) probably due to equilibrium fractionation occurring during sphalerite precipitation at the vent discharge.