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This article presents a pilot survey of the country village of Much Marcle in Herefordshire, England conducted in 1949. The objective of this survey is to investigate how the village of Much Marcle maintained both its population and culture. Much Marcle lies almost midway between Ross and Ledbury, at the foot of the Eastern ridge of the famous Woolhope Dome and almost on the borders of Gloucestershire. Though the population has not, strictly speaking, been maintained over the last fifty years, there has been an increased demand for labor in the parish and were is not for the housing shortage, the population during the last ten years would have increased. Some general conclusion may be drawn from the survey. First, as far as cultural or recreational institutions and meetings in Much Marcle are concerned, the people from whom the leaders of the village are drawn are factory leaders, farmers, leaders of religious organizations and the big house owners. Second, a rural factory is intent on providing institutions that will satisfy the needs of its present and potential labor force. The modern industrial conception of the importance of welfare of labor is apparent. Three, farmers rarely come forward to lead community life.

Presents the foreword to the January 1946 issue of "Sociological Review."

This paper presents notes of a speech given by Alexander Farquharson delivered at the Annual Conference of Leplay House in November 1929. One of the distinguishing marks of a movement has been the practical tendency of surveys. The idea of service is more widely advertised in 20th century than the 19th century. The service business is often little more than verbal. The first argument for the Survey is that survey work in the U.S. and on the social and economic aspects of community life is a step towards informing ourselves of the state of mind and attitude towards the community of the mass of fellow citizens. The second and more important argument for the Survey is that if the people know how to go about conducting a social and economic survey and collecting information from the businessmen and industrialists then they are using the best method of educating the meaning of surveys and survey methods. Third argument on the Survey idea and the survey method of going to work and the type of result produced by civic and regional Surveys in the social and economic sphere. The economics of the 19th century do not give a working basis for the future. An indication of the way to introduce a new economic scheme and procedure is given by the history of the same 19th century economic theory.

Running centrally through Norway in a broad basin, or syncline, in the Fundamental Complex is a series of sedimentary rocks of early Paleozoic age. Norway in general is a tableland. The highland is not a mountain chain, but a Plateau which probably represents an uplifted plain of marine denudation. The smaller streams fall into the main valley over hanging valleys giving small falls which often supply sufficient power to work a small mill or drive a hydro-electric plant. The precipitous sides of the Rauma valley and the Jsfjord consist of vertical crag. The crags are often undercut by glacial action, leaving rounded terraces with overhanging vertical or undercut cliff faces and a talus consisting of aggregates of huge blocks which are apparently highly resistant to atmospheric denudation. Some accounts agree that the sacter is run by the women-soften the younger women. A considerable number of people, not at this sacter, but in villages apparently remote, spoke English, and described the life in Norway as a hard life and that in the United States as easier, thereby showing considerable intercourse with the outside world.

The article presents a historical survey of Rome. The 5th and 4th centuries B.C., the period between the expulsion of the Etruscans and the wars that marked the entry of Rome into world politics, are the great formative period of Roman history. It is the age that forged the political and military organization that was to prove the strongest thing in the ancient world that was to break Carthage and the East and to realize at last the Hellenistic ideal of a world kingdom. Their history is hard to write, for they have left no material evidence of their culture, like the Etruscans, nor written records like their Hellenised descendants, who polished and rationalized and moralized the Roman historical tradition till it was transformed into literature. The origin of the Latin Confederation is one of the most controversial questions in Roman history. The traditional view held the Latin League to be of immemorial antiquity, and to have been under the presidency first of Alba Longa, and after the destruction of the latter, under that of Rome. Later historians have maintained that a league of this kind presupposes more advanced conditions than these that obtained among the Italian peoples of the early Iron Age, and that it could not have arisen before the period of early Greek and Etruscan influence.

The article discusses the city of Rome. It deals with one of the more difficult periods. This is due to three causes. First is the very complicated and controversial character of the general pre-history of Italy. In spite of remarkable progress both in material discoveries, and in interpretation, during the last 30 or 40 years, there is not yet agreement on several of the most fundamental questions ,the origin of the italic peoples, the early associations of race, culture and language, and the early race movements. Without agreement on such points a sociological study of early Rome can make little progress. Second is the fact that excavations on early sites in Rome itself and the surrounding region have in many cases not yet reached the most primitive levels, and that wide gaps only to be filled at present by conjecture or inference exist in the student's knowledge. Third, is the destruction and reconstruction of the traditional history of early Rome by the school of critical historians and is specially active in recent years. The obscurity in which the beginnings of Rome are involved, is due not only to the small amount of direct archaeological evidence that is available, but even more to the complicated character of the Italian developments generally, throughout the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The history of the early development of the city has given rise to a very large literature during the last century and there are a number of conflicting theories .

The article examines some reports on planning in Indian cities which are considered an outstanding value to the literature of civics. The three concrete features of the reports under review are the concrete sociological method which they exemplify, their demonstration of the manner in which all the important abstract conclusions of social and educational science can be vitalized and applied, and, their practical suggestions for the solution of town-planning problems. There are few abstract generalizations on the nature of men and of society in these reports; but they teem with examples of concrete observation and suggestion. The intimate relation of these two features of the reports to their suggestions on town planning will be evident from what has already been said. Each city reported on is an organic whole, whose life is subject to the conditions laid down by the natural environment within these conditions exhibits its own characteristic and unvarying tendencies. but this life has in no case found complete expression; the tendencies are seeking to clothe themselves in new forms suited to the age; the struggle toward harmony with the changing natural environment must be maintained. The problem before the town-planner is to assist this process; and to do so adequately he must start from concrete sociology as his basis, and be able to take account of all these varieties of human life which are set forth in the abstract generalizations of the specialists.

The article pays tribute to the late sociologist Victor Bransford. Bransford was a successful lecturer and tutor on academic lines and his endowments for such work unquestionable. He also gave many formal lectures at Le Play House, some of them to sympathetic audiences; but on these occasions he was apt to be restrained, unhappy, unable to express his ideas, sometimes even quite at a loss. In part that lay in the accuracy of his mind-an accuracy that was probably visual at root and appeared in his power of memory, his quick grip of fresh ideas and situations, the clear flow of his own thought. With this went exceptional analytic power, disciplined to a high decree by a training in scientific method; this made it possible for him to sort out, separate and classify with extraordinary rapidity all the material that came within his field. Most important, however, was his sociological system; this was not merely something that he had thought out and made his own; it was Branford; it was so thoroughly and intimately him-like digestion or heart-beat-that in a very real sense he had better not have thought about it, and when he did so, he upset its instantaneous and inevitable working.

The article presents views of the author on editorial policy of the periodical "The Scandinavian Scientific Review." The journal have made a beginning with philosophy, psychology and the science of education and plans to include other sciences as time goes on. The policy is laudable as not only it breaks with the idea that mathematics, physics and chemistry are the most important sciences but also puts the human sciences in the foreground. He hopes that this policy will be continued as the mathematical, physical and chemical sciences have already many organs of an international character, while those of the human sciences are comparatively few and weak. However he also suggests that the journal's first addition to list of sciences should have been biology. Also the author wants the journal to include sociology. He is of the view that by including this subject the journal will be able to provide a comprehensive picture of Scandinavian life in its material culture as well as in its working ideas.