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Garcinia gummigutta, also known as Garcinia cambogia, has been shown to have excellent properties beneficial against many health conditions. The use of Garcinia cambogia in traditional medicine has involved treating gastrointestinal ailments, intestinal parasites, rheumatism, digestive disturbances, among other ethnobotanical applications. The fruit, which resembles a pumpkin in appearance, is presently most often used and heavily promoted as a supplement for weight loss. According to studies, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main organic acid present in the fruit rind, has antiobesity properties that include lowering appetite and reducing body fat gain by regulating serotonin levels linked to satiety, increasing fat oxidation, and reducing de novo lipogenesis. HCA is a strong inhibitor of the enzyme adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase, which converts citrate to acetyl-coenzyme A, a catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides. In in vitro and in vivo models, the plant’s crude extract or components also have hepatoprotective, anti-cholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Studies on the phytochemistry of several plant components found that organic acids and xanthones, such as carbogiol and benzophenones, were also present. There are already several G. cambogia/HCA dietary supplements available for weight loss, however there are some safety concerns about the potential toxicity of continuous usage of these supplements. The majority of complaints have been in connection with multi-component formulations. G. cambogia has not been positively identified as a possibly harmful aggressor. In this paper, the scientific properties of G. cambogia are discussed in relation to pertinent botanical features, ethnobotanical applications, phytochemistry, biological activity, and toxicity. The study could be very helpful in emphasizing the therapeutic properties and mechanism of this plant and its applications.

The aerobic organisms not only need oxygen for survival, but oxygen is also fundamentally malignant to the aerobic organism on the grounds of free radical generation and their affiliation with free oxidative stress. This study was done to evaluate the antioxidant and protective properties of P kurroa , S aromaticum , L inermis , R emodi , and C longa against lipid peroxidation induced by different pro-oxidants. The aqueous extracts of these medicinal plants showed inhibition against thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) induced by different pro-oxidants (10 mM FeSO4 and 5 mM sodium nitroprusside) in the brain and liver of mice. Moreover, the free radical scavenging activities of the extracts were evaluated by the scavenging of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. L inermis , S aromaticum , and R emodi showed higher inhibitory effects, which could be attributed to their significantly reduced ability and free radical scavenging activities. Therefore, the oxidative stress in the brain and liver could be potentially managed or prevented by the dietary intake of L inermis , S aromaticum , and R emodi plants, which justifies the use of these plants in various degenerative diseases. C longa and P kurroa showed relatively weak antioxidant activities.

There are many issues related to inheriting tense which have similarities in holy Quran and previous holy books, but as we all are familiar with the fact that previous holy books were sent by Allah Almighty to some specific region or nation so they did not have a detailed explanation regarding the issue related to inheritance. But the rules in those books were according to the conditions of the specific regions only. While the Holy Quran is for the whole of humanity and for every nation no matter from which region caste or creed they belong to so orders given in the holy Quran are well explained with complete moral and intellectual values one more thing we are familiar with is that previous holy book, with the passage of time many changes were made and those are not in their pure form, due to which orders related to laws of inheritance could not reach us according to the real soul, the rules of inheritance which were according to the soul of Islam were made preserved while rules other than Islamic values were accepted or rejected after the complete or partial change in then. On the title, I tried to show some emphasis I didn’t find any research, so I decided to choose this unique idea by searching out from the old testament and the holy Quran the laws of inheritance.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).The authors retract the above paper due to: 1) conflict of interest among the authors; and 2) addition of co-author Dr. Muhammad Younus without his knowledge or permission. The authors apologize for these two grave mistakes.

Today, the picture of sharia conceived by the Western population in general is so negative that one could call it Islamophobia. Articles written on “sword verses” extracted from Quran such as Surah Tauba verse 9/ (9:5) to demonstrate that there is no room for religious oluralism and interfaith dialouge in Islam and Muslims cannot be loyal citizens in a non-Islamic state are aimed at developing theories of hate and legitimating discrimination against Muslims. But the fact is that Islam is a faith of peace and pluralism. Its core values are compassion, mutual respect, acceptance and freedom of religion. The Holy Quran and the sayings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ are a clear testimony to this. History indicates a long tradition of interreligious harmony and dialouge between Muslims and Christians. This paper focuses on the necessity and general principles for holding dialouges and the way in which dialouge should be conducted between Muslims and Chirstians. It analysis the views of certain Islamic scholars who quote the Holy Quran and say Christians cannot be friends of Muslims. In recent years, some efforts have been made by prominent people and groups of specialists from among Christians and Muslims towards constructive and meaningful dialouge in order to try and explore the common values such as peace, justice, mercy etc. The aim has been to build a pluralistic environment to contribute towards a common future for people of the both faiths and prevent conflict at present and in future.

My paper focuses on that the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was the first Faqih (Jurist) and Usooli (Founder of principles of Islamic Jurisprudence) in the history of Islam. Then the sincere companions (RA) of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) under the guidance of the holy prophet (PBUH) became the most efficacious follower and interpreter of Islamic Sharjah Usool-e-Fiqh as we see today is very advanced and refined but was not during the life lime of the Holy prophet (PBUH) even the terminology of Usool-e-Fiqh was not used The bases of Usool-e-Fiqh (principles or Islamic Jurisprudence) were present in the decisions. orders and regulations, dealings and teaching in the life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Some of the companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) who came from far too, directly learnt the doctrines of Islam from the Holy Prophet (PBUH) himself. Thus, enlightened, they were able to interpret Islam with totalitarian zeal and intellectual intuition. It should be noted that there was no contradiction in their interpretations with the spirit of Shariah. It shows that they were taught principles for future decision making. These principles of Islamic Jurisprudence were passed on through oral tradition om one generation to the other .Imam Shafai (d. 204 Hijra) (RA) then compiled the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. The history of qmptlation of the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence started in the last so decades of First Century Hijra. But the principles existed much oefore its compilation. Its existence was before Fiqh or simultaneously eth the Fiqh Later compilation of Usool-e-Fiqh does not prove that they ild not exist before just like many other sciences which existed but were :ompiled much later as Arabic Grammar (III al Sarf & Nahu).

Background: Perform computed tomography (CT) three-dimensional (3D) mapping analysis of the ipsilateral olecranon tip to determine its suitability as an autograft for unrepairable coronoid fractures. Methods: CT was evaluated using Mimics 13.0 and 3-matic software (Materialise, Inc., Leuven, Belgium). Coronoid fracture fragment was measured from the medial sublime tubercle to the halfway point of the proximal radioulnar joint. Ipsilateral olecranon tip graft was measured at the equivalent height of the coronoid fragment and the angle of graft "cut" necessary to match the coronoid fragment was measured. The overall width of each graft site was measured in thirds and the congruity of surface geometry was measured by overlapping both fragments. The ipsilateral olecranon tip lateral facet which rotates to become the coronoid medial facet was also measured. Results: The olecranon tip and coronoid fragments were similar in average maximum height and width. The average angle of graft cut needed to match the coronoid fragment was 86°. The average difference between the medial facet of the coronoid and lateral facet of the olecranon was <2 mm. Discussion: The ipsilateral olecranon tip can be harvested through the same surgical incision and function as a local autograft during reconstruction of unrepairable coronoid fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]