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Recent Synthesis of Mono‐ & Bis‐Pyranopyrazole Derivatives. Pyranopyrazole is an important structural unit in heterocyclic chemistry and is useful in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. The pyranopyrazole‐based compounds are known in the agricultural industry as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticide agents and in medicinal fields as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiHIV agents. Despite its wide range of applications, the synthesis of pyranopyrazole has several limitations such as the cost of reagents, potential environmental risks, harsh reaction conditions, longer reaction times, laborious workup procedures, and unsatisfactory yields. However, many studies have been recently reported on the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles using mild, green, and environmentally friendly methods that also give higher yields. Different catalysts and conditions have been reported for the synthesis of pyranopyrazole using four, three, and two components. Among these, four‐component synthesis is commonly reported by using benzaldehyde, hydrazine derivatives, ethyl acetoacetate and malononitrile due to the commercial availability and stability of the reagents. This review summarized the recent synthesis of pyranopyrazole i. e., mono‐ and bis‐pyranopyrazole derivatives via four‐, three‐ and two‐component‐based reactions. Mono‐ and bis‐pyranopyrazole derivatives varied due to the number of pyranopyrazole units that contributed to play an important role in increasing the binding interaction and biological activities beneficial for pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) has gained wide interest among researchers due to its unique molecular recognition of the template that is suitable as a drug carrier. Therefore, the preparation and formulation of the MIP are significant to suit the needs of the intended use. Due to its significance in drug delivery, this review aims to highlight various methods in the preparation of MIP, the composition for both controlled and stimuli‐responsive drug delivery systems, and the release mechanism of the drugs. In drug delivery systems, MIP should have a sustained release performance as well as flexibility in surface modification for targeted delivery via a range of stimuli‐responses, including external stimuli (magnetic, light) and internal stimuli (pH, temperature, redox, biological). The properties of sustained release and targeted delivery of the MIP can improve the drug's therapeutic efficacy as well as the breakthrough for the tumor targeting application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stingless bee honey is a unique edible natural product and has been used by humankind for millenniums for various purposes, mostly as food and for therapeutic uses. The compositions of honey and propolis are varied in different geographical locations which contribute to different pharmacological activities. Many studies reported on the pharmaceutical importance and properties of stingless bee honey or propolis, and the comparative study of either honey or propolis with common honey bee products. However, fewer studies reported on the significant properties of both stingless bee honey and propolis. In this review, three main aspects of stingless bee honey and propolis were discussed: the chemical profiling in terms of chemical and mineral composition, as well as their sugar components; their biological properties, and the environmental contaminants in stingless bee honey and propolis. This review is beneficial in the agriculture sector to improve the quality of honey by providing an appropriate environment for stingless bee farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]