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Objective: To determine the outcome of laser vaporization of prostate using diode at 980/1470 nm for the treatment of BPH among high risk patients. Study Design: Longitudinal Observational Study. Setting: Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Period: June 2009 till June 2022. Material & Methods: Total of 500 patients with associated co-morbid illnesses and benign prostate hyperplasia not responding to medical therapy, failed trial without catheter, chronic urinary retention, refusal for TURP were assessed for eligibility to enter the study. Inclusion criteria were patients with refractory urinary retention, chronic urinary retention, failure of previous medical treatment. Exclusion criteria were patients with neurogenic bladder, carcinoma of prostate, carcinoma of bladder, abnormal digital rectal examination, known neurological disorder or history of spinal cord injury also were excluded from study. Results: The patients' mean age was 68.57 ± 7.98 years, Baseline mean maximum urinary flow rate was 5.57± 2.44 mL/s, post void residual was 130.91 ± 24.18 mL, and international prostate symptom score was 26.09 ± 2.40 at preoperative. At 3 months follow-up, Qmax was 23.31± 8.0, PVR was 22.43±5.21 and IPSS was 7.27 ± 1.42. On the other hand, mean Qmax was 25.83 ± 6.84 mL/s, PVR was 18.38 ± 4.53 mL, and IPSS was 5.29 ± 0.61 at 6 months follow-up. Conclusion:Treatment of BPH by 980/1470 nm diode laser have effective and safe clinical outcome for high risk patients as we found significant improvements in Qmax, IPSS, and PVR at 3 months and 6 months follow up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One monoterpene indole alkaloid, atheruramine (1) bearing an ether bridge linking, one hydrobenzoin derivative, tricalydioloside (2) and two ursane-type triterpenes, atherurosides (A and B) (3 and 4) were isolated from the leaves of Tricalysia atherura, together with eight known compounds. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of the results of spectroscopic analysis, and the relative configurations of compounds 1–3 were established by NOE difference. Four of the metabolites were screened in vitro against both chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive (3D7) and -resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum; they were found to exhibit moderate activity against chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) (IC50 64.99–92.29 μg/mL). Meanwhile, crude extract possesses high antiplasmodial activity against both 3D7 and Dd2 strains of P. falciparum (IC50 4.39–7.54 μg/mL) and high selectivity indices values (SI > 10) and was found to be safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion have led to the serious environmental consequence of global warming and associated climate change. Valorization of CO2 to value-added chemicals by electrochemical reduction has been suggested as one of the promising approaches of CO2 attenuation owing to its simple operational requirements and ambient process conditions. However, the sluggish kinetics and high overpotential of several CO2 reduction processes remain a challenge to its practical utility unless efficient electrocatalysts are applied. Over the past years, several electrocatalysts have been reported for the purpose with varying degree of success. In the current review, we critically evaluate the efficiency of various reported catalysts systems summarizing their advantages as limitations and providing insights into their mechanism of action. Based on the detailed review of different catalysts systems the outlook and future directions are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in patients with melasma attending the dermatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Methods We performed a therapeutic trial of 20 melasma patients having Fitzpatrick skin type, III, IV and V. Both male and female patients with mixed melasma were included in the study. The treatment included five fortnightly sessions of autologous PRP injections in the facial melasma. Results were assessed by percentage reduction in baseline MASI score and by digital photography. The patients with baseline reduction in MASI score between 0 to 25% were labeled as showing mild response; 25-50% reduction fair response, 50-75% reduction good response and >75% reduction as excellent responders. The treatment trial was considered effective if there was greater than 50% reduction in MASI score from the base line. Results Of 20 enrolled patients with mixed melasma, 5 patients lost to follow-up. Mean age of the patients was 28 years. Of 15 evaluable patients, 2 (13.3%) patients showed good response, 9 (60%) patients showed fair response, and 4 (26.7%) patients poor response. None of patients showed excellent response. Conclusion Platelet-rich plasma may prove to be an effective adjuvant therapy for the treatment of melasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disease and a common endocrine system disorder among women of reproductive age. Infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity can occur in women with PCOS. Early diagnosis and treatment along with weight loss may reduce the risk of long-term complications. Now a days PCOS is also the cause of infertility. India is PCOS capital of the world. PCOS management is necessary to reduce its long time complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a consequence of complex interactions among multiple genetic variants and environmental risk factors. This complex disorder is also characterized by changes in various adipokines. In this study, our objective was to estimate the levels of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin (ALR) in T2DM patients, besides studying the effect of various drugs on their levels. Study participants included 400 diabetic and 300 normal patients from the Department of Endocrinology and Department of Biochemistry, Govt Medical College Srinagar. Subjects were categorized under various groups, i.e., Group 1 (metformin treated) and Group 2 (glimepiride treated), and cases were also categorized as obese with T2DM (Group A), obese without T2DM (Group B), and T2DM only (Group C). The serum ALR levels were estimated by ELISA (Alere), and biochemical parameters were also evaluated before and after treatment. Adiponectin levels were found to be significantly lower in T2DM cases as compared to controls (12 ± 5.5 versus 22.5 ± 7.9 μg/ml), while leptin and resistin levels were found to be significantly higher than controls (14.3 ± 7.4 versus 7.36 ± 3.73 ng/ml) (13.4 ± 1.56 versus 7.236 ± 2.129 pg/ml). Taking the effect of drugs into consideration, the effect on adiponectin and resistin levels was found to be highly significant in Group 2 before and after treatment (11 ± 5 versus 19.2 ± 4.5 μg/ml) (13.6 ± 2.5 versus 7.3 ± 2.9 pg/ml), while more effect was observed in leptin among Group 1 (metformin)-treated cases (27 ± 15 ng/ml versus 15 ± 15 ng/ml). Further the adiponectin levels were found to be significantly lower in Group B, while leptin and resistin levels were found to be significantly higher among obese cases when compared to T2DM cases only. Glimepiride also shows more effect on FBG, HbA1c% levels, while metformin shows more effect on Lipid profile levels. From the study, it can be concluded that ALR levels are affected by use of antidiabetic drugs among which glimepiride shows more effect on adiponectin and resistin levels, while leptin gets affected more by metformin. It can also be proposed that ALR levels are not affected by diabetes only, suggesting that their alterations in T2DM may be due to obesity as we observed more ALR changes in obese cases when compared to T2DM cases, and so there might be an important link between adiposity and insulin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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