Search

By assessing the polarization, colour, dextran, starch, phenols, proteins, melassigenic cations (Na+, K+) and Ca2+, reducing sugars and pH, presented study evaluates the main factors influencing non-sugars content and juice filterability in 17 raw cane sugar samples of different geographical origin. α-amylase and dextranase were applied for combined enzymatic degradation of starch and dextran as main undesirable compounds in raw cane sugar juices (15 °Brix and pH 5.5) at four different concentrations (10:12.5, 20:25, 30:37.5 and 40:50 ppm) and 55 °C during 30 min. Decrease of starch and dextran concentrations in juices remarkably increased filterability in range of 20-75% for different raw cane sugar juices. Combined enzymatic effect of α-amylase and dextranase mixture in concentration 30:37.5 ppm showed best result for improving filterability of raw cane sugar juices through reduction in starch and dextran content as main non-sugar impurities. Selecting the raw cane sugar with appropriate quality parameters facilitates the refining process. Simultaneous addition of α-amylase and dextranase mixture (30:37.5 ppm/juice) can improve filterability of low polarization raw cane sugar juice up to 41% and contribute to the refining process enhancement and thus obtention of high-quality refined cane sugar.

The effects of incorporation of stinging nettle extract (3% and 6%) and ɛ-polylysine (0.1% and 0.2%) on chemical, microbial properties, and stability of rainbow trout fish fillets wrapped in polyethylene bags (in atmosphere condition) and refrigerated for 12 days at 4°C were evaluated. No remarkable differences regarding the chemical composition of rainbow trout fish (protein, moisture, fat, and ash content) resulting from the treatments were noted. The lowest TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and the highest phenolic compounds were noted in samples treated with 6% SNE + 0.2% ɛ-PL on day 12, while the highest inhibitory effects against the growth of TVC, psychrotrophic bacteria, coliform, yeast, and molds corresponded to samples treated with 6% SNE (T4 and T5) at day 12. During the storage, the samples' TVB-N (total volatile base nitrogen) increased, whereas the total phenolic content of the rainbow trout samples declined. The rainbow trout samples treated with 6% SNE + 0.2% ɛ-PL had the highest amount of redness and the lowest TVB-N values. Therefore, these natural ingredients could be used to maintain rainbow trout meat quality and shelf life., Competing Interests: The authors reported no potential conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Pistachio fruits suffer from postharvest decay, caused by Aspergillus flavus. This results in aflatoxin B1 (AFB 1 ) accumulation in kernels, which is hazardous for human health due to its carcinogenic activity. In this study, the mechanism used by exogenous β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) treatment for attenuating Aspergillus decay, minimizing aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) accumulation, and maintaining nutritional quality in fresh-in-hull pistachio kernels, infected by A. flavus during storage at 25 °C for 18 days, was investigated., Result: Results of an in vivo assay showed that the spore germination and germ tube elongation of A. flavus was repressed by BABA treatment at 7.5 mM. Aspergillus decay accompanied by AFB 1 accumulation was also minimized in fresh-in-hull pistachio kernels treated with BABA at 7.5 mM and infected by A. flavus. Fresh-in-hull pistachio kernels, infected by A. flavus, treated with BABA at 7.5 mM, also exhibited higher phenol and flavonoid accumulation and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity accompanied by higher phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activity., Conclusion: Promoting phenylpropanoid pathway activity with higher PAL enzyme activity in fresh-in-hull pistachio kernels treated with BABA may not only reduce Aspergillus decay in kernels by cell wall fortification but also may be favorable for maintaining the kernels' nutritional quality through its effects on ROS scavenging capacity. As oxidative stress, represented by ROS accumulation, is responsible for A. flavus growth and AFB1 accumulation, higher phenol and flavonoid accumulation in fresh-in-hull pistachio kernels treated with BABA may be beneficial for attenuating Aspergillus decay and minimizing AFB1 accumulation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.)

Exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) treatment at 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 µM retarded cap browning in mushrooms by 0, 34, 26, 51 and 32 %, respectively, during storage at 4 °C for 18 days. Triggering signaling H 2 O 2 accumulation arising from elevating NADPH oxidase enzyme activity during 6 days of storage at 4 °C may be pivotal for promoting shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme activity in mushrooms treated with ATP during 18 days of storage at 4 °C. Promoting melatonin accumulation (390 µg kg -1 FW vs. 160 µg kg -1 FW) in mushrooms treated with ATP during cold storage may attribute to signaling H 2 O 2 accumulation. Higher DPPH scavenging capacity (72 % vs. 65 %) in mushrooms treated with ATP may attribute to higher phenols accumulation arising from higher phenylalanine ammonialyase/polyphenol oxidase enzymes activity concomitant with higher alternative oxidase gene expression during 18 days of storage at 4 °C., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In the present study, the mechanisms employed by exogenous melatonin applying for conferring chilling tolerance in tomato fruits during storage at 4 °C for 28 days were investigated. Conferring chilling tolerance in tomato fruits in response to exogenous melatonin applying at 100 µM may arise from upregulating SlZAT2/6/12 giving rise to triggering CBF1 gene expression. Employing higher arginine pathway activity in tomato fruits by exogenous melatonin applying demonstrating by higher endogenous polyamines accumulation arising from higher ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and arginine decarboxylase (ADC) genes expression and enzymes activity, higher endogenous proline accumulation arising from higher pyroline 5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) genes expression and enzymes activity accompanying by lower proline dehydrogenase (PDH) gene expression and enzyme activity and higher endogenous nitric oxide (NO) accumulation arising from higher nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene expression and enzyme activity may be responsible for keeping safe membrane integrity., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)