358 results on '"Farmaci"'
Search Results
2. Il farmaco come oggetto d'uso tra quotidianità e corporeità
- Author
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Silvia Pizzocaro and Antonella Penati
- Subjects
person-centred design ,medications ,corporeality ,artefacts ,everyday objects ,design antropocentrico ,farmaci ,corporeità ,artefatti ,oggetti quotidiani ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Abstract
This essay offers the reader a series of reflections on medicines as technical objects, objects of use, and artefacts coping with the corporeality of the patient as a user. Since the intent here is not to propose or validate a theory, medications are mainly devoted descriptive attention, along with an effort to render practical scenes and problematize and advocate awareness for the relevance of user-centredness. Intended as a theoretical contribution that highlights some critical issues concerning user-related factors for the in-home medication management, its contents mainly review some consolidated literature from the anthropology of medications.
- Published
- 2023
3. Targeting JAK2 and PAX5 rearrangements in a preclinical model of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Abstract
Il trattamento basato sul rischio è curativo per l'85% dei bambini con leucemia linfoblastica acuta a cellule B (B-LLA), tuttavia la recidiva rimane una delle principali cause di mortalità. Urgente è la necessità di nuovi bersagli molecolari per ridurre la tossicità del trattamento e aumentare l'efficacia di nuovi agenti terapeutici. Tra i pazienti B-LLA, c'è il nuovo sottogruppo dei "Philadelphia-like", ad alto rischio a causa dell'elevata incidenza di recidive ad alterazioni del pathway JAK/STAT nel 7% dei casi. JAK2 codifica per una tirosina chinasi non recettoriale fondamentale per l'ematopoiesi. Le mutazioni di JAK2 sono state ampiamente studiate nella leucemia, mentre le sue fusioni sono ancora scarsamente caratterizzate. Inoltre, le alterazioni di PAX5 caratterizzano il 30% dei casi B-LLA. PAX5, che codifica per un fattore di trascrizione correlato alle cellule B, è un gene molto promiscuo, bersaglio di delezioni e traslocazioni con diversi partner, formando proteine di fusione aberranti, come il gene JAK2. Lo scopo del progetto è lo sviluppo di una strategia preclinica mirata per i riarrangiamenti di PAX5 e JAK2 (PAX5r e JAK2r) in sottogruppi ad alto rischio di pazienti pediatrici di B-LLA. L'identificazione di nuove fusioni di JAK2 e PAX5 in campioni di pazienti pediatrici con LLA mediante NGS è stato il punto di partenza per eseguire esperimenti di xenotrapianto in vivo e screening di farmaci ex-vivo, quando era disponibile materiale diagnostico, creando xenotrapianti derivati da paziente(PDX). 3 casi di JAK2r sono stati trattati ex-vivo con CHZ868, inibitore tirosin chinasico di tipo II, che ha mostrato un'efficacia significativa in monoterapia con valori 100 volte inferiore rispetto a ruxolitinib (270-320nM vs 30-40uM), dimostrando anche una inibizione del pathway JAK2/STAT fino a 48 ore. Ha avuto un effetto sinergico con ruxolitinib su tutti e 3 i pazienti, così come con BIBF1120, un inibitore chinasico, sui blasti con fusione PAX5::JAK2, inibendo anche, Introduction Risk-based treatment is curative for 85% of children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), however relapse remains a leading cause of mortality. Thus, the need of novel molecular targets is urgent to reduce treatment toxicity and increase the efficacy of new therapeutic agents. Among BCP-ALL patients, there is the quite new subgroup of the ‘Philadelphia-like’, considered as high risk due to the high incidence of relapses. Among these molecular subgroup, JAK/STAT pathway alterations represent 7% of the cases. JAK2 encodes for a non-receptor tyrosine kinase fundamental for hematopoiesis, survival and proliferation of cells. JAK2 mutations have been widely studied in leukemia, while its fusions are still poorly characterized. Moreover, PAX5 alterations characterize the 30% of BCP-ALL cases. PAX5, which encodes for a B-cell related transcription factor, is a very promiscuous gene, frequently target of deletions and translocations with several partners, forming aberrant proteins of fusion, like the JAK2 gene. Aim The aim of the project is the development of a targeted preclinical strategy for PAX5 and JAK2 rearrangements in high-risk subgroups of pediatric BCP-ALL patients to define a personalized medicine based on PAX5r and JAK2r functional characterization. Results The identification of novel JAK2 and PAX5 rearrangements (JAK2r and PAX5r) in pediatric ALL patients’ samples by NGS was the starting point to perform in-vivo xenotransplantation experiments and ex-vivo drug screening, when diagnosis material was available, setting up a Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX). Three JAK2r cases were ex-vivo targeted with CHZ868, a type II TKI, which showed significant efficacy in monotherapy at 100-fold lower than ruxolitinib (270-320nM vs 30-40uM), proving also downregulate JAK2/STAT pathway up to 48h. It had a synergistic effect with ruxolitinib on all 3 patients, as well with BIBF1120, a kinase inhibitor on PAX5::JAK2 blasts, downregulating al
- Published
- 2023
4. Safedrive®. Una app come potenziale precursore dello stato psicofisico dei guidatori, ai sensi dell'articolo 187 de Codice della Strada.
- Author
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Scala, Nicole Miriam, Cestra, Paolo, Miceli, Luca, Bednarova, Rym, Serio, Antonia G., and Bove, Tiziana
- Abstract
According to article 187 of the Italian Traffic Regulations, to establish if a driver is under the influence of drugs, one has to ascertain both the biological positivity and the impairment of the psychophysical status while driving. Several precursor devices exist that measure the influence of drugs and other psychoactive substances, but no instrument can verify the psychophysical conditions. Answers can only come from a forensic exam, either on-site or at the hospital. During seven night shifts, a joint team composed of medical specialists and Police officers tested the psychological conditions of drivers as a result of the levels of alcohol and drugs in their bodies via a specific precursor known as Safedrive®, in fact, an app for mobile devices. This tool is straightforward to use, impartial, safe, repeatable, transportable, and low cost. The test results can be stored as legal evidence. About 20% of participants passed the test, a result comparable with the sample population of reference. No differences were observed between tests on male and female subjects, but there are differences among age groups. Based on the test results, the authors suggest a comparison between the evaluations of the psychophysical status of drivers made by medical specialists and the Safedrive® app. A similarity between test results could be established to fine-tune the app and use it as an impartial precursor of psychophysical conditions. Legal advice would be required before the device is officially cleared for use and its results have legal value. Further clinical evaluations are also needed to certify the possibility that the device can be used regularly. Should the Safedrive® app be adopted as a legal precursor for the evaluation of the drivers' physical condition, dedicated training sessions for Police Officers would be advised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
5. Targeting JAK2 and PAX5 rearrangements in a preclinical model of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Author
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QUADRI, MANUEL, Quadri, M, and CAZZANIGA, GIOVANNI
- Subjects
PAX5 ,JAK2 ,MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA ,farmaci ,pediatrica ,B-LLA ,drug ,B-ALL ,childhood - Abstract
Il trattamento basato sul rischio è curativo per l'85% dei bambini con leucemia linfoblastica acuta a cellule B (B-LLA), tuttavia la recidiva rimane una delle principali cause di mortalità. Urgente è la necessità di nuovi bersagli molecolari per ridurre la tossicità del trattamento e aumentare l'efficacia di nuovi agenti terapeutici. Tra i pazienti B-LLA, c'è il nuovo sottogruppo dei "Philadelphia-like", ad alto rischio a causa dell'elevata incidenza di recidive ad alterazioni del pathway JAK/STAT nel 7% dei casi. JAK2 codifica per una tirosina chinasi non recettoriale fondamentale per l'ematopoiesi. Le mutazioni di JAK2 sono state ampiamente studiate nella leucemia, mentre le sue fusioni sono ancora scarsamente caratterizzate. Inoltre, le alterazioni di PAX5 caratterizzano il 30% dei casi B-LLA. PAX5, che codifica per un fattore di trascrizione correlato alle cellule B, è un gene molto promiscuo, bersaglio di delezioni e traslocazioni con diversi partner, formando proteine di fusione aberranti, come il gene JAK2. Lo scopo del progetto è lo sviluppo di una strategia preclinica mirata per i riarrangiamenti di PAX5 e JAK2 (PAX5r e JAK2r) in sottogruppi ad alto rischio di pazienti pediatrici di B-LLA. L'identificazione di nuove fusioni di JAK2 e PAX5 in campioni di pazienti pediatrici con LLA mediante NGS è stato il punto di partenza per eseguire esperimenti di xenotrapianto in vivo e screening di farmaci ex-vivo, quando era disponibile materiale diagnostico, creando xenotrapianti derivati da paziente(PDX). 3 casi di JAK2r sono stati trattati ex-vivo con CHZ868, inibitore tirosin chinasico di tipo II, che ha mostrato un'efficacia significativa in monoterapia con valori 100 volte inferiore rispetto a ruxolitinib (270-320nM vs 30-40uM), dimostrando anche una inibizione del pathway JAK2/STAT fino a 48 ore. Ha avuto un effetto sinergico con ruxolitinib su tutti e 3 i pazienti, così come con BIBF1120, un inibitore chinasico, sui blasti con fusione PAX5::JAK2, inibendo anche la via di AKT. Inoltre, il trattamento in vivo di topi precedentemente trapiantati con blasti recanti JAK2r ha ridotto la percentuale di blasti CD10-CD19+ negli organi ematopoietici. PAX5r sono stati trovati non solo nella LLA pediatrica, ma anche nella linea germinale dei pazienti infant per KMT2A/MLL (analisi NGS). Fusioni di PAX5 erano sensibili al trattamento con BIBF1120, in monoterapia e in combinazione con farmaci chemioterapici, sia ex-vivo che in vivo, con significativa riduzione delle cellule leucemiche e inibizione degli effettori della via PI3K-AKT, a valle di LCK. Inoltre, le sottopopolazioni delle cellule B, da HSC a cellule B mature, sono state analizzate a livello di singola cellula mediante CyTOF, osservando blocchi di maturazione in base alla fusione e al gene partner coinvolto nella fusione, utilizzando cellule di midollo osseo espanse nel modello PDX. PAX5r e JAK2r hanno mostrato un’espressione peculiare di proteine, a livello basale, e modifiche nell’espressione a seguito di trattamento con dasatinib, come nelle fosfoproteine e nei target di PAX5 e JAK2. Inoltre, a livello metabolico, abbiamo riscontrato un aumento dei marcatori di glicolisi tra gli altri, che sostengono la sopravvivenza dei blasti. E’ stato applicato un ampio screening farmacologico di 174 farmaci approvati dalla FDA su cellule da PDXs con fusioni di PAX5 e JAK2, identificando i farmaci più specifici ed efficaci in queste fusioni che potrebbero essere utilizzati nelle future validazioni precliniche. In questo studio la caratterizzazione funzionale e metabolica dei riarrangiamenti di PAX5 e JAK2 nella B-LLA pediatrica ha portato alla scoperta di candidati da considerare per il trattamento delle fusioni di PAX5 o JAK2, come CHZ868 per JAK2 e BIBF1120 per PAX5, con alta efficacia e specificità sui loro target. In futuro potrebbero guidare lo sviluppo di una terapia mirata per la B-LLA pediatrica ad alto rischio definita da tali fusioni Introduction Risk-based treatment is curative for 85% of children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), however relapse remains a leading cause of mortality. Thus, the need of novel molecular targets is urgent to reduce treatment toxicity and increase the efficacy of new therapeutic agents. Among BCP-ALL patients, there is the quite new subgroup of the ‘Philadelphia-like’, considered as high risk due to the high incidence of relapses. Among these molecular subgroup, JAK/STAT pathway alterations represent 7% of the cases. JAK2 encodes for a non-receptor tyrosine kinase fundamental for hematopoiesis, survival and proliferation of cells. JAK2 mutations have been widely studied in leukemia, while its fusions are still poorly characterized. Moreover, PAX5 alterations characterize the 30% of BCP-ALL cases. PAX5, which encodes for a B-cell related transcription factor, is a very promiscuous gene, frequently target of deletions and translocations with several partners, forming aberrant proteins of fusion, like the JAK2 gene. Aim The aim of the project is the development of a targeted preclinical strategy for PAX5 and JAK2 rearrangements in high-risk subgroups of pediatric BCP-ALL patients to define a personalized medicine based on PAX5r and JAK2r functional characterization. Results The identification of novel JAK2 and PAX5 rearrangements (JAK2r and PAX5r) in pediatric ALL patients’ samples by NGS was the starting point to perform in-vivo xenotransplantation experiments and ex-vivo drug screening, when diagnosis material was available, setting up a Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX). Three JAK2r cases were ex-vivo targeted with CHZ868, a type II TKI, which showed significant efficacy in monotherapy at 100-fold lower than ruxolitinib (270-320nM vs 30-40uM), proving also downregulate JAK2/STAT pathway up to 48h. It had a synergistic effect with ruxolitinib on all 3 patients, as well with BIBF1120, a kinase inhibitor on PAX5::JAK2 blasts, downregulating also AKT pathway. Moreover, the in-vivo treatment of PDX mice with blasts carrying JAK2 fusions reduced the % of CD10-CD19+ blasts in hematopoietic organs. PAX5 rearrangements have been found not only in pediatric ALL, but also in infant patients germline for KMT2A/MLL (NGS analysis). PAX5r were sensitive to BIBF1120 treatment, in monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy drugs, both in ex-vivo and in-vivo, with significant reduction of leukemic cells and downregulation of PI3K-AKT pathway effectors, downstream LCK. Moreover, subpopulations from HSC to mature B cells were analyzed at single cell level by CyTOF, observing different blockade of maturation depending on the fusion and on the partner gene involved in the fusion, using BM cells expanded in PDX model. PAX5r and JAK2r were characterized by peculiar protein expressions, at basal level, and changes in protein expression after dasatinib treatment , such as in phosphoproteins and PAX5 and JAK2 targets. Moreover, at metabolic level, we found increased markers of glycolysis among the others, sustaining blasts survival. Further, a wide drug screening of 174 FDA-approved drugs was also applied on both JAK2r and PAX5r PDXs, leading to the identification of the most specific and effective drugs in these fusions that could be used in future preclinical validations. Conclusion In this study the functional and metabolic characterization of PAX5 and JAK2 rearrangements in pediatric BCP-ALL led to the discovery of promising candidates to be considered for the treatment of PAX5 or JAK2 rearrangements, as CHZ868 for JAK2 and BIBF1120 for PAX5r, among the others, which showed high efficacy and specificity on their targets. In the future they could lead the development of a targeted therapy for high-risk pediatric BCP-ALL carrying those fusions.
- Published
- 2023
6. «Oggi ti salva ma domani ti uccide»: antivaccinismo tra speranza e disgrazia
- Author
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Santullo, Corinna
- Subjects
farmaci ,Antivaccinismo, Covid-19, antropologia medica, farmaci ,Antivaccinismo ,Covid-19 ,antropologia medica - Published
- 2023
7. The prevention of doping and the improper use of drugs and food supplements in sports and physical activities: a survey on the activity of the prevention departments of Italian local health authorities.
- Author
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Pasquarella, C., Pompili, M., Valeriani, F., Morgado, M., Milicia, G. M., Veronesi, L., Odone, A., Zoni, R., Saccani, E., Savino, G., Persi, Y., Pinelli, M., Liguori, G., Gallè, F., Di Onofrio, V., Fallace, P., and Spica, V. Romano
- Subjects
DOPING in sports ,PUBLIC health ,DIETARY supplements ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,PHYSICAL activity - Abstract
Introduction. Doping is an important public health problem widespread not only among elite athletes, but also among amateur and recreational athletes and the general population. In Italy the introduction of doping prevention within the Essential Levels of Care (LEA) with the DPCM 12/1/2017 represents a crucial step towards the implementation of education and health promotion interventions. In this context, the Departments of Prevention (DP) of the Local Health Authorities (LHA) have to play a fundamental role, becoming the cultural and operational reference on this issue. As part of the "Doping prevention: development of a permanent educational tool coordinated by the National Health Service Prevention Departments" project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Health, a survey was conducted on the activities carried out by the DP regarding doping prevention and improper use and abuse of drugs and food supplements in sports and physical activities, as a basis for the harmonization of organizational structures and prevention programs and the creation of a collaboration network at a regional and national level. Methods. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of 11 questions, prepared on an electronic platform, was sent to the DP of all the Italian LHA. Results. A total of 38 DP out of 131 (29%) completed the questionnaire, with representation from all regions. 42.1% of DP carried out or are still running programs for the prevention of doping, a percentage that decreases to 27% considering the programs for the prevention of misuse and abuse of drugs and food supplements in sports and in physical activities; in less than half of the DP, 37.5% and 41.7%, respectively, dedicated funds have been allocated. The professionals most involved in prevention of doping are the Specialists in Sport Medicine (81.3%) followed by Specialists in Hygiene (43.8%) and Psychologists (37.5%), while Health Care Assistants (50%) are the professionals most involved in the prevention of the improper use of drugs and food supplements, followed by Specialists in Hygiene and Specialists in Sport Medicine (40%). Most of the DP (71.9%) believe that the introduction of programs to prevent and counteract doping in the LEA will have repercussions on their approach against doping. Conclusions. The survey, although conducted on a limited sample, has provided an important framework relating to programs for the prevention of doping and the misuse and abuse of drugs and food supplements in sports and in the physical activities carried out by DP. A remarkable heterogeneity has been highlighted, both at national and regional level. It is urgent to provide DP with homogeneous and effective organizational models and adequate operational tools, paying particular attention to the training of all the professionals involved. It is also essential to implement permanent monitoring tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Dietary supplements, drugs and doping in the sport society.
- Author
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Savino, G., Valenti, L., D'Alisera, R., Pinelli, M., Persi, Y., and Trenti, T.
- Subjects
DIETARY supplements ,PHYSICAL activity ,FOOD habits ,PUBLIC health ,DOPING in sports - Abstract
Copyright of Annali di Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e di Comunità is the property of Societa Editrice Universo s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Too sick for drugs. Too knotty for principles. Scientific research, ethics and cinema.
- Author
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CATTORINI, PAOLO MARINO
- Subjects
BIOETHICS ,HOME offices ,MOTION pictures ,DEBATE ,ETHICS ,COLLECTIVE representation ,MOTION picture theaters - Abstract
Copyright of Medicina e Morale is the property of PAGEPress and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Trattamento e terapia.
- Author
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Palestrini, Clara
- Abstract
Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
11. Morfiinin, kodeiinin ja etyylimorfiinin metabolia, farmakokinetiikka ja kvantitatiivinen määritys dopingnäytteestä hydrolyysimenetelmällä
- Author
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Hyppölä, Sampo, Farmasian laitos, School of Pharmacy, Terveystieteiden tiedekunta, Farmasian laitos, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Terveystieteiden tiedekunta, and Faculty of Health Sciences
- Subjects
pharmacy ,hydrolyysi ,läkemedelssubstanser ,biotieteet ,biosciences ,hydrolys ,farmaci ,morfiini ,biofarmasia ,morphine ,lääkeaineet ,biopharmacy ,ämnesomsättning ,morfin ,kodeiini ,medicinal substances ,farmasia ,hydrolysis ,biovetenskaper ,aineenvaihdunta ,metabolism ,etyylimorfiini ,codeine ,ethylmorphine - Published
- 2022
12. L'emodialisi e la politerapia farmacologica: indagine sull'aderenza ai farmaci in un gruppo di pazienti in emodialisi presso il Centro Dialisi S. Vito
- Author
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E. Di Mari, G.P. Segoloni, and M. Talaia
- Subjects
Aderenza ,Dialisi ,Politerapia ,Farmaci ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
L'aderenza alla terapia rappresenta uno dei fattori principali di successo clinico soprattutto per i pazienti con patologie croniche come quelli con I.R.C. Spesso però, sono numerosi i fattori che la compromettono e il medico e l'infermiere sono chiamati ad intervenire per rafforzare l'alleanza terapeutica con il paziente al fine di migliorare l'aderenza. L'indagine condotta in questo studio su 56 dei 70 pazienti emodializzanti nell'ospedale S. Vito di Torino, ha permesso di individuare quali elementi influenzano la loro aderenza alla terapia farmacologica domiciliare, soprattutto nell'ambito delle conoscenze sui farmaci assunti e del supporto informativo fornito dai medici e gli infermieri del Centro Dialisi. La dimenticanza nell'assumere la terapia si è rivelata tra i fattori principali di non aderenza, seguita dalla posologia delle prescrizioni farmacologiche poco coniugabili con lo stile di vita del paziente. I risultati del questionario somministrato agli assistiti, hanno dimostrato che la conoscenza da parte del paziente sulla terapia assunta e un minor numero di farmaci prescritti, influenzano positivamente la sua aderenza. A1 contrario, la chiarezza delle informazioni ricevute dal personale sanitario non è risultata significativa in questo ambito. Al termine dello studio sono stati individuati alcuni interventi atti ad affrontare le criticità emerse dall'indagine. (sian) (nursing)
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- 2018
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13. Safety profile of drugs used in the treatment of osteoporosis: a systematical review of the literature
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M. Varenna, F. Bertoldo, M. Di Monaco, A. Giusti, G. Martini, M. Rossini, On behalf of SIOMMMS, and Endorsed by SIR
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Osteoporosi ,Trattamento ,Farmaci ,Eventi avversi ,Medicine ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
The range of osteoporosis treatments is increasingly large and, like any disease, the pharmacological management of patients should involve a risk/benefit evaluation to attain the greatest reduction in risk of fracture with the lowest incidence of adverse events. The aim of this review is to critically appraise the literature about the safety issues of the main pharmacological treatments of osteoporosis. This document is the result of a consensus of experts based on a systematic review of regulatory documents, randomized controlled trials, metaanalyses, pharmacovigilance surveys and case series related to possible adverse drug reactions to osteoporosis treatment with calcium and vitamin D supplements, bisphosphonates, strontium ranelate, selective estrogen receptor modulators, denosumab, and teriparatide. As expected, randomized controlled trials showed only the most common adverse events due to the samples size and the short observation time. Case series and observational studies are able to provide data about uncommon side effects, but in some cases a sure cause-effect relationship needs still to be confirmed. Consistently with methodological limitations, the newer drugs have a tolerance profile that has not been fully explored yet. Osteoporosis treatments showed an overall good tolerance profile with rare serious adverse events that, however, must be well known by the clinician who prescribes these drugs. The concern about possible adverse events should be weighed against the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with a significant fracture risk reduction.
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- 2013
- Full Text
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14. Problemi legati all’apporto iodico nell’anziano
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Regalbuto, Concetto, Trimarchi, Francesco, and Tumino, Dario
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- 2020
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15. Farmaci e iponatriemia
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Razzore, Paola and Ramunni, Maria Josefina
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- 2019
- Full Text
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16. Open Science o propriet�� intellettuale? Il caso dei brevetti universitari sui vaccini
- Author
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Caso, Roberto
- Subjects
Propriet�� intellettuale ,Vaccini ,Unviersit�� ,Open Science ,Brevetti ,Trasferimento Tecnologico ,Farmaci ,Scienza Aperta - Abstract
Nel campo dei farmaci e dei vaccini mercato e propriet�� intellettuale non funzionano. Non garantiscono il diritto umano alla salute, provocano diseguaglianze e ingiustizie, inducono la formazione di monopoli, non generano tutta l'innovazione necessaria, si basano su opacit�� e conflitti di interesse. Nel rapporto tra ricerca pubblica e societ�� i brevetti universitari su farmaci e vaccini giocano un ruolo importante. La tesi presentata in questo seminario �� la seguente: il compito dell'universit�� non �� quello di chiudere la conoscenza attraverso la propriet�� intellettuale su beni essenziali quali i vaccini, ma di praticare la scienza aperta, https://www.robertocaso.it/2022/03/15/open-science-o-proprieta-intellettuale-il-caso-dei-brevetti-universitari-sui-vaccini/
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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17. Differences in the prescribing patterns of diabetes medications among primary healthcare centers in Region Uppsala : A cross-sectional register studie
- Abstract
Background: Type II diabetes is a common disease worldwide and several drug treatments are available. Some of the more recently approved drugs are DPP4-inhibitors, GLP analogues and SGLT2-inhibitors. Most of the Type II diabetes drugs (T2DMD) are prescribed by primary care physicians. To ensure rational drug use it is important to follow up prescribing patterns to design strategies and interventions that can improve drug treatment, since consequences of inappropriate drug use might be poor health outcomes and increased health costs. Aim: To study differences in the prescribing pattern of T2DMD among primary healthcare centres (PHC) at a macro level in Region Uppsala. Method: A cross-sectional study based on data collected from Region Uppsala’s data register. Data consisted of individuals over 25 years of age with at least one prescription of a diabetes drug from the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) group A10 prescribed within the period of January 2018 to June 2020. Results: There is a moderate difference in the prescribing patterns of T2DMD among different PHCs in Region Uppsala. Overall, a larger proportion of oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) were prescribed compared to Insulins. Most PHC prescribed a larger proportion of long acting insulins than other Insulins. Among OAD, a larger proportion of Biguanide derivative where prescribed. DPP-4 inhibitors, Sulphonylureas and SGLT2-inhibitors were prescribed to almost the same extent. Conclusion: Overall, there is a minor difference in the prescribing patterns of T2DMD among different PHCs in Region Uppsala during the study period. Lately, prescribing of DPP4-inhibitors, SGLT2-inhibitors and long acting insulins have increased., I detta fördjupningsprojekt studerades förskrivningsmönstren av typ II diabetesläkemedel i Region Uppsala. Studieresultaten vissa skillnader i hur olika vårdcentraler i Region Uppsala förskriver typ II diabetesläkemedel. Från början var hypotesen att icke-insuliner förskrivs i större utsträckning än insuliner. Vilket visade sig stämma överens med resultaten. I studien jämförs också skillnaden mellan förskrivning av icke-insuliner som funnits längre på marknaden och de nyligen godkända (DPP4-hämmare och SGLT2-inhibitorer). Resultaten visar en tydlig ökning i förskrivning av de nya läkemedlen under studieperioden. En anledning till detta kan vara läkemedels positiva farmakologiska effekter. I studien jämförs också skillnaden i förskrivningen av de olika insuliner i Region Uppsala. Resultaten visar att långverkande insuliner förskrivs i större utsträckning i jämförelse med andra insuliner, vilket är inte enligt rekommendationslistan för förskrivning av typ II diabetesläkemedel Studieresultaten kan användas för att fortsätta följa upp och förbättra kvalitén på diabetesvården i Region Uppsala. Ytterligare studier skulle till exempel kunna utgå ifrån hela populationen med en typ 2 diabetesdiagnos för att studera utfall även för andra interventioner än läkemedel. Dessutom behövs fortfarande kunskap om det är kostnadseffektiv att fler nya typ 2 diabetesläkemedel används. Studien ger kunskap om förskrivningen av typ II diabetesläkemedel i Region Uppsala. Studien kan användas som grund för dialog om förskrivningen av typ II diabetesläkemedel i regionen, så att denna optimeras och fler individer får adekvat behandling. Detta arbete är viktigt eftersom typ II diabetes är en mycket vanlig sjukdom där prevalensen ökar. Denna studie är en tvärsnittsstudie baserat på sekundärdata från Region Uppsalas elektroniska medicinalt register och primärdata från två enkäter skickade till sjuksköterskor och läkare som jobbar på vårdcentraler med patienter med diabetes. Studien inkluderar dat
- Published
- 2021
18. Differences in the prescribing patterns of diabetes medications among primary healthcare centers in Region Uppsala : A cross-sectional register studie
- Abstract
Background: Type II diabetes is a common disease worldwide and several drug treatments are available. Some of the more recently approved drugs are DPP4-inhibitors, GLP analogues and SGLT2-inhibitors. Most of the Type II diabetes drugs (T2DMD) are prescribed by primary care physicians. To ensure rational drug use it is important to follow up prescribing patterns to design strategies and interventions that can improve drug treatment, since consequences of inappropriate drug use might be poor health outcomes and increased health costs. Aim: To study differences in the prescribing pattern of T2DMD among primary healthcare centres (PHC) at a macro level in Region Uppsala. Method: A cross-sectional study based on data collected from Region Uppsala’s data register. Data consisted of individuals over 25 years of age with at least one prescription of a diabetes drug from the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) group A10 prescribed within the period of January 2018 to June 2020. Results: There is a moderate difference in the prescribing patterns of T2DMD among different PHCs in Region Uppsala. Overall, a larger proportion of oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) were prescribed compared to Insulins. Most PHC prescribed a larger proportion of long acting insulins than other Insulins. Among OAD, a larger proportion of Biguanide derivative where prescribed. DPP-4 inhibitors, Sulphonylureas and SGLT2-inhibitors were prescribed to almost the same extent. Conclusion: Overall, there is a minor difference in the prescribing patterns of T2DMD among different PHCs in Region Uppsala during the study period. Lately, prescribing of DPP4-inhibitors, SGLT2-inhibitors and long acting insulins have increased., I detta fördjupningsprojekt studerades förskrivningsmönstren av typ II diabetesläkemedel i Region Uppsala. Studieresultaten vissa skillnader i hur olika vårdcentraler i Region Uppsala förskriver typ II diabetesläkemedel. Från början var hypotesen att icke-insuliner förskrivs i större utsträckning än insuliner. Vilket visade sig stämma överens med resultaten. I studien jämförs också skillnaden mellan förskrivning av icke-insuliner som funnits längre på marknaden och de nyligen godkända (DPP4-hämmare och SGLT2-inhibitorer). Resultaten visar en tydlig ökning i förskrivning av de nya läkemedlen under studieperioden. En anledning till detta kan vara läkemedels positiva farmakologiska effekter. I studien jämförs också skillnaden i förskrivningen av de olika insuliner i Region Uppsala. Resultaten visar att långverkande insuliner förskrivs i större utsträckning i jämförelse med andra insuliner, vilket är inte enligt rekommendationslistan för förskrivning av typ II diabetesläkemedel Studieresultaten kan användas för att fortsätta följa upp och förbättra kvalitén på diabetesvården i Region Uppsala. Ytterligare studier skulle till exempel kunna utgå ifrån hela populationen med en typ 2 diabetesdiagnos för att studera utfall även för andra interventioner än läkemedel. Dessutom behövs fortfarande kunskap om det är kostnadseffektiv att fler nya typ 2 diabetesläkemedel används. Studien ger kunskap om förskrivningen av typ II diabetesläkemedel i Region Uppsala. Studien kan användas som grund för dialog om förskrivningen av typ II diabetesläkemedel i regionen, så att denna optimeras och fler individer får adekvat behandling. Detta arbete är viktigt eftersom typ II diabetes är en mycket vanlig sjukdom där prevalensen ökar. Denna studie är en tvärsnittsstudie baserat på sekundärdata från Region Uppsalas elektroniska medicinalt register och primärdata från två enkäter skickade till sjuksköterskor och läkare som jobbar på vårdcentraler med patienter med diabetes. Studien inkluderar dat
- Published
- 2021
19. COVID-19: L’attesa Pandemia Zoonotica del Terzo Millennio. Attualità e Prospettive
- Author
-
Contini, Carlo
- Subjects
Pandemia ,Spillover ,Vaccini ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Zoonosi ,Socio-culturale ,COVID-9 ,COVID-9, Pandemia, SARS-CoV-2, Zoonosi, Spillover, Farmaci, Vaccini ,Farmaci - Published
- 2021
20. Lo stato dell'industria farmaceutica italiana nel contesto nazionale ed europeo
- Author
-
Ferrari, GIUSEPPE FRANCO
- Subjects
FARMACI ,FARMACI, SPESA PUBBLICA, SANITÀ, NORMATIVA, PANDEMIA ,NORMATIVA ,SANITÀ ,PANDEMIA ,SPESA PUBBLICA - Published
- 2021
21. Differences in the prescribing patterns of diabetes medications among primary healthcare centers in Region Uppsala : A cross-sectional register studie
- Author
-
Ruremesha, Patrimoine
- Subjects
Offentliga vårdcentraler ,Förskrivningsmönstern ,Samhällsfarmaci och klinisk farmaci ,Healthcare centers ,Social and Clinical Pharmacy ,Prescribing patterns ,Pharmacy ,Typ II diabetes ,Type II diabetes ,Farmaci - Abstract
Background: Type II diabetes is a common disease worldwide and several drug treatments are available. Some of the more recently approved drugs are DPP4-inhibitors, GLP analogues and SGLT2-inhibitors. Most of the Type II diabetes drugs (T2DMD) are prescribed by primary care physicians. To ensure rational drug use it is important to follow up prescribing patterns to design strategies and interventions that can improve drug treatment, since consequences of inappropriate drug use might be poor health outcomes and increased health costs. Aim: To study differences in the prescribing pattern of T2DMD among primary healthcare centres (PHC) at a macro level in Region Uppsala. Method: A cross-sectional study based on data collected from Region Uppsala’s data register. Data consisted of individuals over 25 years of age with at least one prescription of a diabetes drug from the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) group A10 prescribed within the period of January 2018 to June 2020. Results: There is a moderate difference in the prescribing patterns of T2DMD among different PHCs in Region Uppsala. Overall, a larger proportion of oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) were prescribed compared to Insulins. Most PHC prescribed a larger proportion of long acting insulins than other Insulins. Among OAD, a larger proportion of Biguanide derivative where prescribed. DPP-4 inhibitors, Sulphonylureas and SGLT2-inhibitors were prescribed to almost the same extent. Conclusion: Overall, there is a minor difference in the prescribing patterns of T2DMD among different PHCs in Region Uppsala during the study period. Lately, prescribing of DPP4-inhibitors, SGLT2-inhibitors and long acting insulins have increased. I detta fördjupningsprojekt studerades förskrivningsmönstren av typ II diabetesläkemedel i Region Uppsala. Studieresultaten vissa skillnader i hur olika vårdcentraler i Region Uppsala förskriver typ II diabetesläkemedel. Från början var hypotesen att icke-insuliner förskrivs i större utsträckning än insuliner. Vilket visade sig stämma överens med resultaten. I studien jämförs också skillnaden mellan förskrivning av icke-insuliner som funnits längre på marknaden och de nyligen godkända (DPP4-hämmare och SGLT2-inhibitorer). Resultaten visar en tydlig ökning i förskrivning av de nya läkemedlen under studieperioden. En anledning till detta kan vara läkemedels positiva farmakologiska effekter. I studien jämförs också skillnaden i förskrivningen av de olika insuliner i Region Uppsala. Resultaten visar att långverkande insuliner förskrivs i större utsträckning i jämförelse med andra insuliner, vilket är inte enligt rekommendationslistan för förskrivning av typ II diabetesläkemedel Studieresultaten kan användas för att fortsätta följa upp och förbättra kvalitén på diabetesvården i Region Uppsala. Ytterligare studier skulle till exempel kunna utgå ifrån hela populationen med en typ 2 diabetesdiagnos för att studera utfall även för andra interventioner än läkemedel. Dessutom behövs fortfarande kunskap om det är kostnadseffektiv att fler nya typ 2 diabetesläkemedel används. Studien ger kunskap om förskrivningen av typ II diabetesläkemedel i Region Uppsala. Studien kan användas som grund för dialog om förskrivningen av typ II diabetesläkemedel i regionen, så att denna optimeras och fler individer får adekvat behandling. Detta arbete är viktigt eftersom typ II diabetes är en mycket vanlig sjukdom där prevalensen ökar. Denna studie är en tvärsnittsstudie baserat på sekundärdata från Region Uppsalas elektroniska medicinalt register och primärdata från två enkäter skickade till sjuksköterskor och läkare som jobbar på vårdcentraler med patienter med diabetes. Studien inkluderar data från de 26 offentliga vårdcentraler som hör till förvaltningen Nära, Vård och Hälsa i region Uppsala. Förskrivningsdata baseras på recept för ett diabetesläkemedel från Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) gruppen A10, förskrivet mellan januari 2018-juni 2020.
- Published
- 2021
22. Compendio di legislazione farmaceutica
- Author
-
Amoroso, Diana, Paoletti, Arianna, Sala, Michele, and Liliana, Milano
- Subjects
spesa farmaceutica ,diritto farmaceutico ,servizio sanitario nazionale ,farmaci ,AIFA Agenzia italiana del farmaco ,codice del farmaco - Published
- 2021
23. Identifiering av kommunikativa interventioner från olika faciliteter inom sjukvården som kan implementeras på ett apotek : Metoder för att optimera kommunikationen med äldre med syfte att förbättra läkemedelsanvändningen
- Abstract
Background: The increasing elderly population is challenging todays management in healthcare. Elderly have a higher risk of adverse effect and inappropriate use of medication. The Swedish healthcare today pays 12-19 billion kronor due to adverse effects and inappropriate use of medications. By optimizing elderlies use of medicine, the social cost can decrease and contribute to a better healthcare management. Aim: Identify communication methods that can optimize counselling and communication to the elderly in pharmacies. In the sense of preventing inappropriate use of drugs and future side effects such as adverse effects or no effect. The questions that were answered are as follows: what methods are available to optimize counselling and communication? is it possible to use the methods in pharmacies? Methods: Systematic review, data search on pubmed and web of science. Results: Identified interventions were Alice-app, Geriatic Resources for Assessment and Care of Elders Team Care (GRACE), empathetic communication, communication education, motivational interviewing, my medical passport (MMP), in depth patient-centered care communication, smartwatch, smartphone, ingestible sensor system (ISS) and SPACE-program. Conclusions: Communication education helped to strengthen the patient-/carer relationship and management of medication counselling. Electronic notification systems helped elder with memory- and movement impairment. The implementation depends on the pharmacy resources and propensity of the patient. The most applicable methods were ALICE-app, smartwatch, smartphone, ISS, SPACE-team, empathetic communication, communication education in geriatric care, MI, MMP and partly GRACE-team concerning home visits by pharmacists and teamwork management.
- Published
- 2020
24. Identifiering av kommunikativa interventioner från olika faciliteter inom sjukvården som kan implementeras på ett apotek : Metoder för att optimera kommunikationen med äldre med syfte att förbättra läkemedelsanvändningen
- Abstract
Background: The increasing elderly population is challenging todays management in healthcare. Elderly have a higher risk of adverse effect and inappropriate use of medication. The Swedish healthcare today pays 12-19 billion kronor due to adverse effects and inappropriate use of medications. By optimizing elderlies use of medicine, the social cost can decrease and contribute to a better healthcare management. Aim: Identify communication methods that can optimize counselling and communication to the elderly in pharmacies. In the sense of preventing inappropriate use of drugs and future side effects such as adverse effects or no effect. The questions that were answered are as follows: what methods are available to optimize counselling and communication? is it possible to use the methods in pharmacies? Methods: Systematic review, data search on pubmed and web of science. Results: Identified interventions were Alice-app, Geriatic Resources for Assessment and Care of Elders Team Care (GRACE), empathetic communication, communication education, motivational interviewing, my medical passport (MMP), in depth patient-centered care communication, smartwatch, smartphone, ingestible sensor system (ISS) and SPACE-program. Conclusions: Communication education helped to strengthen the patient-/carer relationship and management of medication counselling. Electronic notification systems helped elder with memory- and movement impairment. The implementation depends on the pharmacy resources and propensity of the patient. The most applicable methods were ALICE-app, smartwatch, smartphone, ISS, SPACE-team, empathetic communication, communication education in geriatric care, MI, MMP and partly GRACE-team concerning home visits by pharmacists and teamwork management.
- Published
- 2020
25. Spinte autonomiste, esigenze di tutela della salute e contenimento della spesa pubblica: recenti sviluppi in tema di equivalenza terapeutica
- Author
-
Sala, Michele
- Subjects
spesa farmaceutica ,farmaci ,equivalenza terapeutica ,regionalismo differenziato ,governo - Published
- 2020
26. Identifiering av kommunikativa interventioner från olika faciliteter inom sjukvården som kan implementeras på ett apotek : Metoder för att optimera kommunikationen med äldre med syfte att förbättra läkemedelsanvändningen
- Author
-
Isaksson, Emma
- Subjects
Annan medicin och hälsovetenskap ,Other Medical Sciences ,farmaci ,kommunikation ,apotek ,Social Sciences ,Samhällsvetenskap ,samhällsfarmaci ,läkemedelsanvändning - Abstract
Background: The increasing elderly population is challenging todays management in healthcare. Elderly have a higher risk of adverse effect and inappropriate use of medication. The Swedish healthcare today pays 12-19 billion kronor due to adverse effects and inappropriate use of medications. By optimizing elderlies use of medicine, the social cost can decrease and contribute to a better healthcare management. Aim: Identify communication methods that can optimize counselling and communication to the elderly in pharmacies. In the sense of preventing inappropriate use of drugs and future side effects such as adverse effects or no effect. The questions that were answered are as follows: what methods are available to optimize counselling and communication? is it possible to use the methods in pharmacies? Methods: Systematic review, data search on pubmed and web of science. Results: Identified interventions were Alice-app, Geriatic Resources for Assessment and Care of Elders Team Care (GRACE), empathetic communication, communication education, motivational interviewing, my medical passport (MMP), in depth patient-centered care communication, smartwatch, smartphone, ingestible sensor system (ISS) and SPACE-program. Conclusions: Communication education helped to strengthen the patient-/carer relationship and management of medication counselling. Electronic notification systems helped elder with memory- and movement impairment. The implementation depends on the pharmacy resources and propensity of the patient. The most applicable methods were ALICE-app, smartwatch, smartphone, ISS, SPACE-team, empathetic communication, communication education in geriatric care, MI, MMP and partly GRACE-team concerning home visits by pharmacists and teamwork management.
- Published
- 2020
27. Giurisprudenza sull'equivalenza terapeutica: il dibattito continua
- Author
-
Ferrari, GIUSEPPE FRANCO
- Subjects
FARMACI ,EQUIVALENZA TERAPEUTICA ,REGIONI ,EQUIVALENZA TERAPEUTICA, FARMACI, REGIONI, AIFA, RAZIONALIZZAZIONE SPESA FARMACEUTICA ,RAZIONALIZZAZIONE SPESA FARMACEUTICA ,AIFA - Published
- 2020
28. Strategie per il contrasto a Covid-19 tra farmaci off label e sperimentazione clinica
- Author
-
Cerea, Francesca
- Subjects
farmaci off label ,Covid-19 ,sperimentazione clinica ,pandemia ,farmaci ,pandemic ,Settore IUS/01 - Diritto Privato ,clinical trial ,off label drugs ,drugs - Published
- 2020
29. Quanto vale la negoziazione del prezzo di un nuovo farmaco in Italia?
- Author
-
Federico, Villa, Jommi, Claudio, Gianluca, Altamura, Sara, Antignani, Agnese, Cangini, Ida, Fortino, Mario, Melazzini, Francesco, Trotta, and Giovanni, Tafuri
- Subjects
FARMACI ,VALORE, PREZZO, FARMACI ,VALORE ,PREZZO - Published
- 2020
30. Utvecklingen av läkemedelstillverkning på sjukhusapotek i Sverige år 1950-2000
- Abstract
Sjukhusfarmacin i Sverige genomgick en omfattande utveckling underandra halvan av 1900-talet. Följande arbete undersöker utvecklingen avläkemedelstillverkning på sjukhusapotek i Sverige år 1950–2000 och besvararfrågorna när, var, hur och varför den skedde. För detta ändamål har olika material(böcker, artiklar, intervjuer, etc.) studerats. Under 1950-talet bestod tillverkningenpå sjukhusapoteken främst av enkla beredningar som injektions- ochinfusionslösningar. År 1963 utförde Apotekarsocieteten en utredning av uppgifteroch resurser och började diskutera vad som bör gälla för tillverkning påsjukhusapoteken. Sterila lösningar började tillverkades i plastförpackningaristället för i glas, vilket eliminerade sprickbildning och ledde till en mindre riskför bakteriekontamination. Radiofarmacin växte fram under 1960-talet ochfortsatte sin utveckling under 1970- och 1980-talet. Reagensberedning,dialyslösningar och extemporetillverkning av olika beredningsformer ökade iomfattning. Centralisering och rationalisering av tillverkning var betydande för attförenkla tillverkning av läkemedel. TPN, parenteral smärtlindring och cytostatikavar tillverkningsmoment som tillkom under 1980-talet. Endos- ochflerdosförpackningar blev vanliga under 1990-talet. Tillverkning av TPN ochradiofarmaka fortsatte att öka och utvecklas. Många faktorer har bidragit tillutvecklingen som skedde under 50-årsperioden. Till en början bestodtillverkningen av enkla produkter och utvecklades efter hand till att omfatta alltmer komplexa beredningar. Denna utveckling har kunnat ske på grund av blandannat ökade resurser (antal sjukhusapotek, personal, material, lokaler, utbildning),utveckling inom vetenskap, medicin och teknik, centralisering och rationalisering,regleringar, samarbete mellan farmaceuter och sjukhuspersonal, samt ambitionoch engagemang från de som varit med och fört utvecklingen framåt., Drug manufacturing in Sweden underwent a large-scale evolutionduring the second half of the 20th century. The following essay examines thisdevelopment and investigates when, where, how and why it occurred. For thispurpose, various materials (books, articles, interviews, etc.) have been studied. Inthe 1950s, manufacturing consisted of simple preparations such as injection andinfusion solutions. In 1963, Apotekarsocieteten carried out an investigationregarding how and to what extent manufacturing should be carried out in hospitalpharmacies. Sterile solutions were now manufactured in plastic packaging insteadof in glass, which eliminated cracking and led to a smaller risk of bacterialcontamination. Radiopharmaceuticals evolved during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.Preparation of reagent solutions, dialysis solutions and extemporaneouspreparation of various other products became a frequent occurrence.Centralization and rationalization were of major importance to facilitatemanufacturing. Production of TPN, parenteral pain management and cytostaticsemerged in the 1980s. Simple- and multidose packaging became commonplaceduring the 1990s. Manufacturing of TPN and radiopharmaceuticals continued toincrease and develop. Multiple factors have contributed to the development thatoccurred during the 50-year period that this essay covers. Initially, manufacturingconsisted of simple products and gradually evolved to include increasinglycomplex preparations. This evolution has been possible due to increased resources(number of hospital pharmacies, personnel, materials, premises, education),development in fields such as science, medicine and technology, centralizationand rationalization, collaboration between pharmacists and hospital staff,regulations, and the ambition and commitment of those who have been involvedin the evolution of manufacturing in Swedish hospital pharmacies.
- Published
- 2019
31. Utvecklingen av läkemedelstillverkning på sjukhusapotek i Sverige år 1950-2000
- Abstract
Sjukhusfarmacin i Sverige genomgick en omfattande utveckling underandra halvan av 1900-talet. Följande arbete undersöker utvecklingen avläkemedelstillverkning på sjukhusapotek i Sverige år 1950–2000 och besvararfrågorna när, var, hur och varför den skedde. För detta ändamål har olika material(böcker, artiklar, intervjuer, etc.) studerats. Under 1950-talet bestod tillverkningenpå sjukhusapoteken främst av enkla beredningar som injektions- ochinfusionslösningar. År 1963 utförde Apotekarsocieteten en utredning av uppgifteroch resurser och började diskutera vad som bör gälla för tillverkning påsjukhusapoteken. Sterila lösningar började tillverkades i plastförpackningaristället för i glas, vilket eliminerade sprickbildning och ledde till en mindre riskför bakteriekontamination. Radiofarmacin växte fram under 1960-talet ochfortsatte sin utveckling under 1970- och 1980-talet. Reagensberedning,dialyslösningar och extemporetillverkning av olika beredningsformer ökade iomfattning. Centralisering och rationalisering av tillverkning var betydande för attförenkla tillverkning av läkemedel. TPN, parenteral smärtlindring och cytostatikavar tillverkningsmoment som tillkom under 1980-talet. Endos- ochflerdosförpackningar blev vanliga under 1990-talet. Tillverkning av TPN ochradiofarmaka fortsatte att öka och utvecklas. Många faktorer har bidragit tillutvecklingen som skedde under 50-årsperioden. Till en början bestodtillverkningen av enkla produkter och utvecklades efter hand till att omfatta alltmer komplexa beredningar. Denna utveckling har kunnat ske på grund av blandannat ökade resurser (antal sjukhusapotek, personal, material, lokaler, utbildning),utveckling inom vetenskap, medicin och teknik, centralisering och rationalisering,regleringar, samarbete mellan farmaceuter och sjukhuspersonal, samt ambitionoch engagemang från de som varit med och fört utvecklingen framåt., Drug manufacturing in Sweden underwent a large-scale evolutionduring the second half of the 20th century. The following essay examines thisdevelopment and investigates when, where, how and why it occurred. For thispurpose, various materials (books, articles, interviews, etc.) have been studied. Inthe 1950s, manufacturing consisted of simple preparations such as injection andinfusion solutions. In 1963, Apotekarsocieteten carried out an investigationregarding how and to what extent manufacturing should be carried out in hospitalpharmacies. Sterile solutions were now manufactured in plastic packaging insteadof in glass, which eliminated cracking and led to a smaller risk of bacterialcontamination. Radiopharmaceuticals evolved during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.Preparation of reagent solutions, dialysis solutions and extemporaneouspreparation of various other products became a frequent occurrence.Centralization and rationalization were of major importance to facilitatemanufacturing. Production of TPN, parenteral pain management and cytostaticsemerged in the 1980s. Simple- and multidose packaging became commonplaceduring the 1990s. Manufacturing of TPN and radiopharmaceuticals continued toincrease and develop. Multiple factors have contributed to the development thatoccurred during the 50-year period that this essay covers. Initially, manufacturingconsisted of simple products and gradually evolved to include increasinglycomplex preparations. This evolution has been possible due to increased resources(number of hospital pharmacies, personnel, materials, premises, education),development in fields such as science, medicine and technology, centralizationand rationalization, collaboration between pharmacists and hospital staff,regulations, and the ambition and commitment of those who have been involvedin the evolution of manufacturing in Swedish hospital pharmacies.
- Published
- 2019
32. Farmaci per il trattamento dell'obesità
- Author
-
Bottani, Emanuela, Dario, Brunetti, and Enzo, Nisoli
- Subjects
farmaci ,farmaci, obesità, metabolismo ,metabolismo ,obesità - Published
- 2019
33. L'IMPEGNO DI ICILIO GUARESCHI NELLA GRANDE GUERRA
- Author
-
Fausone, Mara
- Subjects
GUARESCHI, PRIMA GUERRA MONDIALE, MASCHERA ANTIGAS, ALIMENTAZIONE, FARMACI ,FARMACI ,ALIMENTAZIONE ,MASCHERA ANTIGAS ,PRIMA GUERRA MONDIALE ,GUARESCHI - Published
- 2019
34. Utvecklingen av läkemedelstillverkning på sjukhusapotek i Sverige år 1950-2000
- Author
-
Nagy, Sofia
- Subjects
utveckling ,Medicin och hälsovetenskap ,sjukhusapotek ,farmaci ,sjukhusfarmaci ,historia ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
Sjukhusfarmacin i Sverige genomgick en omfattande utveckling underandra halvan av 1900-talet. Följande arbete undersöker utvecklingen avläkemedelstillverkning på sjukhusapotek i Sverige år 1950–2000 och besvararfrågorna när, var, hur och varför den skedde. För detta ändamål har olika material(böcker, artiklar, intervjuer, etc.) studerats. Under 1950-talet bestod tillverkningenpå sjukhusapoteken främst av enkla beredningar som injektions- ochinfusionslösningar. År 1963 utförde Apotekarsocieteten en utredning av uppgifteroch resurser och började diskutera vad som bör gälla för tillverkning påsjukhusapoteken. Sterila lösningar började tillverkades i plastförpackningaristället för i glas, vilket eliminerade sprickbildning och ledde till en mindre riskför bakteriekontamination. Radiofarmacin växte fram under 1960-talet ochfortsatte sin utveckling under 1970- och 1980-talet. Reagensberedning,dialyslösningar och extemporetillverkning av olika beredningsformer ökade iomfattning. Centralisering och rationalisering av tillverkning var betydande för attförenkla tillverkning av läkemedel. TPN, parenteral smärtlindring och cytostatikavar tillverkningsmoment som tillkom under 1980-talet. Endos- ochflerdosförpackningar blev vanliga under 1990-talet. Tillverkning av TPN ochradiofarmaka fortsatte att öka och utvecklas. Många faktorer har bidragit tillutvecklingen som skedde under 50-årsperioden. Till en början bestodtillverkningen av enkla produkter och utvecklades efter hand till att omfatta alltmer komplexa beredningar. Denna utveckling har kunnat ske på grund av blandannat ökade resurser (antal sjukhusapotek, personal, material, lokaler, utbildning),utveckling inom vetenskap, medicin och teknik, centralisering och rationalisering,regleringar, samarbete mellan farmaceuter och sjukhuspersonal, samt ambitionoch engagemang från de som varit med och fört utvecklingen framåt. Drug manufacturing in Sweden underwent a large-scale evolutionduring the second half of the 20th century. The following essay examines thisdevelopment and investigates when, where, how and why it occurred. For thispurpose, various materials (books, articles, interviews, etc.) have been studied. Inthe 1950s, manufacturing consisted of simple preparations such as injection andinfusion solutions. In 1963, Apotekarsocieteten carried out an investigationregarding how and to what extent manufacturing should be carried out in hospitalpharmacies. Sterile solutions were now manufactured in plastic packaging insteadof in glass, which eliminated cracking and led to a smaller risk of bacterialcontamination. Radiopharmaceuticals evolved during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.Preparation of reagent solutions, dialysis solutions and extemporaneouspreparation of various other products became a frequent occurrence.Centralization and rationalization were of major importance to facilitatemanufacturing. Production of TPN, parenteral pain management and cytostaticsemerged in the 1980s. Simple- and multidose packaging became commonplaceduring the 1990s. Manufacturing of TPN and radiopharmaceuticals continued toincrease and develop. Multiple factors have contributed to the development thatoccurred during the 50-year period that this essay covers. Initially, manufacturingconsisted of simple products and gradually evolved to include increasinglycomplex preparations. This evolution has been possible due to increased resources(number of hospital pharmacies, personnel, materials, premises, education),development in fields such as science, medicine and technology, centralizationand rationalization, collaboration between pharmacists and hospital staff,regulations, and the ambition and commitment of those who have been involvedin the evolution of manufacturing in Swedish hospital pharmacies.
- Published
- 2019
35. Prezzo, rimborso e accesso ai farmaci in Italia: le proposte di riforma di quattro panel di esperti
- Author
-
Jommi, Claudio, Apolone, Giovanni, Cicchetti, Americo, Conte, Pierfranco, Fattore, Giovanni, Mantoan, Domenico, Marata, Annamaria, Schincariol, Paolo, Scroccaro, Giovanna, Tosolini, Francesca, and Buzzetti, Giuliano
- Subjects
FARMACI ,PANEL DI ESPERTI ,FARMACI, PREZZO E RIMBORSO, PANEL DI ESPERTI ,PREZZO E RIMBORSO - Published
- 2019
36. 12. Real World Evidence nelle valutazioni post‑marketing su farmaci generici e biosimilari
- Author
-
Ylenia, Ingrasciotta and Trifirò, Gianluca
- Subjects
Agenzia Europea dei Medicinali ,EMA ,Farmaci - Published
- 2019
37. Un tempo per ogni cosa
- Author
-
Manfredini, Roberto
- Subjects
Cronobiologia, ritmi circadiani, biologia, medicina, sonno, alimentazione, sport, farmaci, architettura, divulgazione scientifica ,alimentazione ,farmaci ,Cronobiologia ,architettura ,Socio-culturale ,ritmi circadiani ,divulgazione scientifica ,sonno ,sport ,medicina ,biologia - Published
- 2019
38. 12. Real World Evidence nelle valutazioni post‑marketing su farmaci generici e biosimilari
- Author
-
Ingrasciotta, Ylenia and Trifiro', Gianluca
- Subjects
Agenzia Europea dei Medicinali ,EMA ,Agenzia Europea dei Medicinali, EMA, Farmaci ,Farmaci - Published
- 2019
39. Haemodialysis and Drug Politherapy: the Compliance to the Therapeutic Products in a Population of Dialysed Patients at S. Vito Center
- Abstract
Adherence to treatments represents one of the most successful clinical factor in patients undergoing chronic disease, like CKD. Althought, many factors could decrease adherence, nurses and doctors are called to strengthen the patients partnership in order to improved it. This study refers to a survey which took place with 56 patients, of a sample of 70, who were undergoing dialysis treatment in San Vito Hospital in Turin. The study helped to enhance the elements which more influence drug adherence, home drug compliance, drug knowledge and expected clinical outcomes. These datas contributed to understand patients' educational needs, areas and topic that doctors and nurses should look for to get better clinical outcomes. To forget treatment pills had shown to be the most frequent reason for non adherence, followed by unfriendly prescribed time-schedule that hardly matched with ones's life style. The given questionnaire showed that better drug knowledge and limited number of pills decreased the burdening of treatments, thas increasing patients' adherence. On the contrary, clear provision of information from health personals did not show to be relevant key factor. At the end of the study the caring group decided up the implementation of some actions in order to improve patients' outcomes. (sian) (nursing), L'aderenza alla terapia rappresenta uno dei fattori principali di successo clinico soprattutto per i pazienti con patologie croniche come quelli con I.R.C. Spesso però, sono numerosi i fattori che la compromettono e il medico e l'infermiere sono chiamati ad intervenire per rafforzare l'alleanza terapeutica con il paziente al fine di migliorare l'aderenza. L'indagine condotta in questo studio su 56 dei 70 pazienti emodializzanti nell'ospedale S. Vito di Torino, ha permesso di individuare quali elementi influenzano la loro aderenza alla terapia farmacologica domiciliare, soprattutto nell'ambito delle conoscenze sui farmaci assunti e del supporto informativo fornito dai medici e gli infermieri del Centro Dialisi. La dimenticanza nell'assumere la terapia si è rivelata tra i fattori principali di non aderenza, seguita dalla posologia delle prescrizioni farmacologiche poco coniugabili con lo stile di vita del paziente. I risultati del questionario somministrato agli assistiti, hanno dimostrato che la conoscenza da parte del paziente sulla terapia assunta e un minor numero di farmaci prescritti, influenzano positivamente la sua aderenza. A1 contrario, la chiarezza delle informazioni ricevute dal personale sanitario non è risultata significativa in questo ambito. Al termine dello studio sono stati individuati alcuni interventi atti ad affrontare le criticità emerse dall'indagine. (sian) (nursing)
- Published
- 2018
40. Haemodialysis and Drug Politherapy: the Compliance to the Therapeutic Products in a Population of Dialysed Patients at S. Vito Center
- Abstract
Adherence to treatments represents one of the most successful clinical factor in patients undergoing chronic disease, like CKD. Althought, many factors could decrease adherence, nurses and doctors are called to strengthen the patients partnership in order to improved it. This study refers to a survey which took place with 56 patients, of a sample of 70, who were undergoing dialysis treatment in San Vito Hospital in Turin. The study helped to enhance the elements which more influence drug adherence, home drug compliance, drug knowledge and expected clinical outcomes. These datas contributed to understand patients' educational needs, areas and topic that doctors and nurses should look for to get better clinical outcomes. To forget treatment pills had shown to be the most frequent reason for non adherence, followed by unfriendly prescribed time-schedule that hardly matched with ones's life style. The given questionnaire showed that better drug knowledge and limited number of pills decreased the burdening of treatments, thas increasing patients' adherence. On the contrary, clear provision of information from health personals did not show to be relevant key factor. At the end of the study the caring group decided up the implementation of some actions in order to improve patients' outcomes. (sian) (nursing), L'aderenza alla terapia rappresenta uno dei fattori principali di successo clinico soprattutto per i pazienti con patologie croniche come quelli con I.R.C. Spesso però, sono numerosi i fattori che la compromettono e il medico e l'infermiere sono chiamati ad intervenire per rafforzare l'alleanza terapeutica con il paziente al fine di migliorare l'aderenza. L'indagine condotta in questo studio su 56 dei 70 pazienti emodializzanti nell'ospedale S. Vito di Torino, ha permesso di individuare quali elementi influenzano la loro aderenza alla terapia farmacologica domiciliare, soprattutto nell'ambito delle conoscenze sui farmaci assunti e del supporto informativo fornito dai medici e gli infermieri del Centro Dialisi. La dimenticanza nell'assumere la terapia si è rivelata tra i fattori principali di non aderenza, seguita dalla posologia delle prescrizioni farmacologiche poco coniugabili con lo stile di vita del paziente. I risultati del questionario somministrato agli assistiti, hanno dimostrato che la conoscenza da parte del paziente sulla terapia assunta e un minor numero di farmaci prescritti, influenzano positivamente la sua aderenza. A1 contrario, la chiarezza delle informazioni ricevute dal personale sanitario non è risultata significativa in questo ambito. Al termine dello studio sono stati individuati alcuni interventi atti ad affrontare le criticità emerse dall'indagine. (sian) (nursing)
- Published
- 2018
41. Utvecklingen av svensk läkemedelsreklam för receptbelagda och receptfria läkemedel : Perioden från sekelskiftet år 1900 till nutid
- Abstract
Följande uppsats analyserar utvecklingen av läkemedelsreklam i Sverige under perioden från sekelskiftet 1900 till nutiden. Under denna period har läkemedelsreklam gått genom många förändringar. Regelverken som styr marknadsföring av läkemedel har konstant växt och medfört att läkemedelsreklamens innehåll, form och målgrupp har blivit tydligt definierade. Det ledde till minskning av ”kvacksalveri” och ”humbugreklam”, som var ett stort problem i början för läkemedelsreklamen i Sverige. Etiska standarder inom branschen har ökat under de senaste hundra åren. Förutom detta har reklamens innehåll och marknasföringssätt förändrats parallellt med medieutvecklingen. Läkemedelsreklam utvecklades från enkla utomhusaffischer till moderna digitala former, som används för nutidens marknadsföring. Även om utvecklingen av läkemedelsreklam har varit beständig och effektiv, finns fortfarande utrymme för ”polering” av både regelverket och etiska standarder inom verksamheten. Denna uppsats försöker erbjuda svaret på frågan: ”Hur har marknadsföring av läkemedel utvecklats under perioden mellan 1900 till nutid i Sverige?”. Förutom detta diskuteras positiva och negativa aspekter av marknadsföringen av läkemedel i Sverige, samt vilka åtgärder som skulle bidra till en saklig, balanserad och icke vilseledande läkemedelsreklam. Metoden som användes att svara på examensarbetets frågeställning var litteraturöversikt över kvalitativa studier och publikationer. Källor som användes i den här litteraturstudien omfattade bland annat böcker, statliga dokument, websidor, akademiska uppsatser och populär litteratur, som var publicerade inom området marknadsföring, medicin, farmacia, läkemedelsreklam etc. Analysen av litteratur som behandlar problematiken kring svensk läkemdelsreklam, från 1900 till 2018, ledde till slutsatsen att svensk läkemdelsreklam utvecklades inom följande tre kategorier: regelverket, etiken och mediaformer. Utvecklingen av regelverket omfattar antagandet av sju nya rättsliga laga, Advertising has always been a powerful tool for the pharmaceutical industry. The history of pharma marketing in Sweden dates to the beginning of the 20th century. That was the time of “miraculous” drugs that could, according to advertisements, treat any kind of disease. Back then, marketing activities didn´t imply more than using empty promises, which were in combination with an alluring illustration, placed in a newspaper or an attractive public place. Consequently, negative perceptions have been plaguing the pharmaceutical marketing from the very beginning. In the years to come, medico-marketing in Sweden was struggling to rebuild its image. Marketing activities got strictly regulated at the national level via numerous laws, rules or procedures. Many authorities have been established to control the market and provide guideline for socially responsible, honest, respectful and up-to-date pharma marketing. As the result, up to the end of the 20th century conditions in pharmaceutical industry in Sweden have radically changed. Frivolous marketing of pharmaceutical drugs is today a matter of the past. However, there are still examples where pharmaceutical companies are breaking the law and are being accused of inappropriate marketing of drugs or lack of transparency in reporting results from negative clinical trials. Those examples are the warning signs for authorities that there is still a lot of space for further regulation of the market. Following thesis has an aim to answer to the question: “ How did pharma marketing in Sweden develop in the period between the beginning of the 20th century until today?”. Methodology used in this thesis include a qualitative method literature review, which is a survey of important articles, books and other sources relevant to the research question. A review of litterature published in Swedish language in period between the beginning of 20th century and today, showed that development of medico-marketing in Sweden took place within thr
- Published
- 2018
42. Utvecklingen av svensk läkemedelsreklam för receptbelagda och receptfria läkemedel : Perioden från sekelskiftet år 1900 till nutid
- Abstract
Följande uppsats analyserar utvecklingen av läkemedelsreklam i Sverige under perioden från sekelskiftet 1900 till nutiden. Under denna period har läkemedelsreklam gått genom många förändringar. Regelverken som styr marknadsföring av läkemedel har konstant växt och medfört att läkemedelsreklamens innehåll, form och målgrupp har blivit tydligt definierade. Det ledde till minskning av ”kvacksalveri” och ”humbugreklam”, som var ett stort problem i början för läkemedelsreklamen i Sverige. Etiska standarder inom branschen har ökat under de senaste hundra åren. Förutom detta har reklamens innehåll och marknasföringssätt förändrats parallellt med medieutvecklingen. Läkemedelsreklam utvecklades från enkla utomhusaffischer till moderna digitala former, som används för nutidens marknadsföring. Även om utvecklingen av läkemedelsreklam har varit beständig och effektiv, finns fortfarande utrymme för ”polering” av både regelverket och etiska standarder inom verksamheten. Denna uppsats försöker erbjuda svaret på frågan: ”Hur har marknadsföring av läkemedel utvecklats under perioden mellan 1900 till nutid i Sverige?”. Förutom detta diskuteras positiva och negativa aspekter av marknadsföringen av läkemedel i Sverige, samt vilka åtgärder som skulle bidra till en saklig, balanserad och icke vilseledande läkemedelsreklam. Metoden som användes att svara på examensarbetets frågeställning var litteraturöversikt över kvalitativa studier och publikationer. Källor som användes i den här litteraturstudien omfattade bland annat böcker, statliga dokument, websidor, akademiska uppsatser och populär litteratur, som var publicerade inom området marknadsföring, medicin, farmacia, läkemedelsreklam etc. Analysen av litteratur som behandlar problematiken kring svensk läkemdelsreklam, från 1900 till 2018, ledde till slutsatsen att svensk läkemdelsreklam utvecklades inom följande tre kategorier: regelverket, etiken och mediaformer. Utvecklingen av regelverket omfattar antagandet av sju nya rättsliga laga, Advertising has always been a powerful tool for the pharmaceutical industry. The history of pharma marketing in Sweden dates to the beginning of the 20th century. That was the time of “miraculous” drugs that could, according to advertisements, treat any kind of disease. Back then, marketing activities didn´t imply more than using empty promises, which were in combination with an alluring illustration, placed in a newspaper or an attractive public place. Consequently, negative perceptions have been plaguing the pharmaceutical marketing from the very beginning. In the years to come, medico-marketing in Sweden was struggling to rebuild its image. Marketing activities got strictly regulated at the national level via numerous laws, rules or procedures. Many authorities have been established to control the market and provide guideline for socially responsible, honest, respectful and up-to-date pharma marketing. As the result, up to the end of the 20th century conditions in pharmaceutical industry in Sweden have radically changed. Frivolous marketing of pharmaceutical drugs is today a matter of the past. However, there are still examples where pharmaceutical companies are breaking the law and are being accused of inappropriate marketing of drugs or lack of transparency in reporting results from negative clinical trials. Those examples are the warning signs for authorities that there is still a lot of space for further regulation of the market. Following thesis has an aim to answer to the question: “ How did pharma marketing in Sweden develop in the period between the beginning of the 20th century until today?”. Methodology used in this thesis include a qualitative method literature review, which is a survey of important articles, books and other sources relevant to the research question. A review of litterature published in Swedish language in period between the beginning of 20th century and today, showed that development of medico-marketing in Sweden took place within thr
- Published
- 2018
43. Förekomsten av kommunikationsbarriärer på apotek
- Abstract
Under de senaste åren har farmaceutens roll på apoteket ändrats. Från att fokus tidigare legat på läkemedel läggs det nu främst på omsorg om kunden. Målet är att sträva efter en aktiv dialog med hjälp av god kommunikation för att ta reda på kundens behov. Men inom kommunikationsprocessen förekommer en del hinder som kan försvåra och reducera möjligheten att förmedla ett budskap. För att uppnå en god och effektiv kommunikation mellan farmaceut och kund är det viktigt att finna olika åtgärder för att förhindra att dessa hinder påverkar kommunikationen. Syftet med den här studien var att studera kommunikationen mellan kunder och farmaceuter med fokus på förekomsten av kommunikationsbarriärer. Hur ofta uppstår kommunikationsbarriärer på apoteket? Hur bemöter och åtgärdar farmaceuten kommunikationsbarriärer? Hur kan farmaceuten bemöta och åtgärda kommunikationsbarriärer för att kundmötet ska avslutas positivt? Insamling av data gjordes med hjälp av strukturerade observationer som genomfördes på apotek runt om i Sverige. Ett tydligt utformat observationsschema fylldes i, samtidigt som det skedde ett möte mellan farmaceut och kund som handlade om förskrivningar. Av 422 kundmöten med farmaceuter på 11 apotek visades förekomst av kommunikationsbarriärer vid 164 (39%) av observationerna. De tre vanligaste kommunikationsbarriärerna var farmaceutrelaterade vid 12% av observationerna, språkrelaterade 10%, och tidsbrist hos kunden 8 %. Övriga kommunikationsbarriärer var kundrelaterade 8% och relaterade till apoteksmiljön 3%. 96 (59%) av ovan 164 observerade kundbarriärer åtgärdades under expeditionen av recepten. Gemensamt för dess åtgärder var att de resulterade i att kunden blev nöjd.
- Published
- 2018
44. Förekomsten av kommunikationsbarriärer på apotek
- Abstract
Under de senaste åren har farmaceutens roll på apoteket ändrats. Från att fokus tidigare legat på läkemedel läggs det nu främst på omsorg om kunden. Målet är att sträva efter en aktiv dialog med hjälp av god kommunikation för att ta reda på kundens behov. Men inom kommunikationsprocessen förekommer en del hinder som kan försvåra och reducera möjligheten att förmedla ett budskap. För att uppnå en god och effektiv kommunikation mellan farmaceut och kund är det viktigt att finna olika åtgärder för att förhindra att dessa hinder påverkar kommunikationen. Syftet med den här studien var att studera kommunikationen mellan kunder och farmaceuter med fokus på förekomsten av kommunikationsbarriärer. Hur ofta uppstår kommunikationsbarriärer på apoteket? Hur bemöter och åtgärdar farmaceuten kommunikationsbarriärer? Hur kan farmaceuten bemöta och åtgärda kommunikationsbarriärer för att kundmötet ska avslutas positivt? Insamling av data gjordes med hjälp av strukturerade observationer som genomfördes på apotek runt om i Sverige. Ett tydligt utformat observationsschema fylldes i, samtidigt som det skedde ett möte mellan farmaceut och kund som handlade om förskrivningar. Av 422 kundmöten med farmaceuter på 11 apotek visades förekomst av kommunikationsbarriärer vid 164 (39%) av observationerna. De tre vanligaste kommunikationsbarriärerna var farmaceutrelaterade vid 12% av observationerna, språkrelaterade 10%, och tidsbrist hos kunden 8 %. Övriga kommunikationsbarriärer var kundrelaterade 8% och relaterade till apoteksmiljön 3%. 96 (59%) av ovan 164 observerade kundbarriärer åtgärdades under expeditionen av recepten. Gemensamt för dess åtgärder var att de resulterade i att kunden blev nöjd.
- Published
- 2018
45. Il caso Avastin-Lucentis alla prova della Corte di Giustizia
- Author
-
Colangelo Margherita, Mariateresa Maggiolino, Colangelo, Margherita, and Mariateresa, Maggiolino
- Subjects
uso off-label ,FARMACI ,settore farmaceutico ,restrizioni accessorie ,FARMACI, MANIPOLAZIONE INFORMAZIONE, ANTITRUST ,divulgazioni di informazioni ingannevoli ,MANIPOLAZIONE INFORMAZIONE ,ANTITRUST - Abstract
L'articolo analizza la sentenza della Corte di Giustizia del 23 gennaio 2018 (Hoffman-La Roche), riguardante la vicenda, particolarmente discussa in Italia, dei farmaci Avastin e Lucentis. A tal fine l'articolo esamina la principali questioni di diritto concernenti la definizione del mercato rilevante, la teoria delle restrizioni accessorie e la configurazione di un accordo restrittivo per oggetto.
- Published
- 2018
46. L'emodialisi e la politerapia farmacologica: indagine sull'aderenza ai farmaci in un gruppo di pazienti in emodialisi presso il Centro Dialisi S. Vito
- Author
-
M. Talaia, E. Di Mari, and G.P. Segoloni
- Subjects
lcsh:Internal medicine ,Politerapia ,Aderenza ,Dialisi ,Pharmacology (medical) ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,Farmaci - Abstract
L'aderenza alla terapia rappresenta uno dei fattori principali di successo clinico soprattutto per i pazienti con patologie croniche come quelli con I.R.C. Spesso però, sono numerosi i fattori che la compromettono e il medico e l'infermiere sono chiamati ad intervenire per rafforzare l'alleanza terapeutica con il paziente al fine di migliorare l'aderenza. L'indagine condotta in questo studio su 56 dei 70 pazienti emodializzanti nell'ospedale S. Vito di Torino, ha permesso di individuare quali elementi influenzano la loro aderenza alla terapia farmacologica domiciliare, soprattutto nell'ambito delle conoscenze sui farmaci assunti e del supporto informativo fornito dai medici e gli infermieri del Centro Dialisi. La dimenticanza nell'assumere la terapia si è rivelata tra i fattori principali di non aderenza, seguita dalla posologia delle prescrizioni farmacologiche poco coniugabili con lo stile di vita del paziente. I risultati del questionario somministrato agli assistiti, hanno dimostrato che la conoscenza da parte del paziente sulla terapia assunta e un minor numero di farmaci prescritti, influenzano positivamente la sua aderenza. A1 contrario, la chiarezza delle informazioni ricevute dal personale sanitario non è risultata significativa in questo ambito. Al termine dello studio sono stati individuati alcuni interventi atti ad affrontare le criticità emerse dall'indagine. (sian) (nursing)
- Published
- 2018
47. Contaminazione chimica delle acque di piscina: valutazione del rischio per la salute dei nuotatori
- Author
-
Fantuzzi, G., Righi, E., Predieri, G., Castiglioni, S., Riva, F., Zuccato, E., and Aggazzotti, G.
- Subjects
valutazione del rischio ,droghe d’abuso ,piscine coperte ,farmaci ,trialometani, farmaci, droghe d’abuso, piscine coperte, valutazione del rischio ,trialometani - Published
- 2018
48. Förekomsten av kommunikationsbarriärer på apotek
- Author
-
Mohammad, Nour
- Subjects
Communication Studies ,Kommunikationsvetenskap ,Medicin och hälsovetenskap ,farmaci ,Kommunikation ,kommunikationsbarriärer ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
Under de senaste åren har farmaceutens roll på apoteket ändrats. Från att fokus tidigare legat på läkemedel läggs det nu främst på omsorg om kunden. Målet är att sträva efter en aktiv dialog med hjälp av god kommunikation för att ta reda på kundens behov. Men inom kommunikationsprocessen förekommer en del hinder som kan försvåra och reducera möjligheten att förmedla ett budskap. För att uppnå en god och effektiv kommunikation mellan farmaceut och kund är det viktigt att finna olika åtgärder för att förhindra att dessa hinder påverkar kommunikationen. Syftet med den här studien var att studera kommunikationen mellan kunder och farmaceuter med fokus på förekomsten av kommunikationsbarriärer. Hur ofta uppstår kommunikationsbarriärer på apoteket? Hur bemöter och åtgärdar farmaceuten kommunikationsbarriärer? Hur kan farmaceuten bemöta och åtgärda kommunikationsbarriärer för att kundmötet ska avslutas positivt? Insamling av data gjordes med hjälp av strukturerade observationer som genomfördes på apotek runt om i Sverige. Ett tydligt utformat observationsschema fylldes i, samtidigt som det skedde ett möte mellan farmaceut och kund som handlade om förskrivningar. Av 422 kundmöten med farmaceuter på 11 apotek visades förekomst av kommunikationsbarriärer vid 164 (39%) av observationerna. De tre vanligaste kommunikationsbarriärerna var farmaceutrelaterade vid 12% av observationerna, språkrelaterade 10%, och tidsbrist hos kunden 8 %. Övriga kommunikationsbarriärer var kundrelaterade 8% och relaterade till apoteksmiljön 3%. 96 (59%) av ovan 164 observerade kundbarriärer åtgärdades under expeditionen av recepten. Gemensamt för dess åtgärder var att de resulterade i att kunden blev nöjd.
- Published
- 2018
49. Utvecklingen av svensk läkemedelsreklam för receptbelagda och receptfria läkemedel : Perioden från sekelskiftet år 1900 till nutid
- Author
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Hagblom, Danijela
- Subjects
Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper ,farmaci ,etiska normer ,reklam ,läkemedelsreklam ,läkemedel ,svensk läkemedelsreklam ,Basic Medicine ,läkemedelsindustri ,marknadsföring - Abstract
Följande uppsats analyserar utvecklingen av läkemedelsreklam i Sverige under perioden från sekelskiftet 1900 till nutiden. Under denna period har läkemedelsreklam gått genom många förändringar. Regelverken som styr marknadsföring av läkemedel har konstant växt och medfört att läkemedelsreklamens innehåll, form och målgrupp har blivit tydligt definierade. Det ledde till minskning av ”kvacksalveri” och ”humbugreklam”, som var ett stort problem i början för läkemedelsreklamen i Sverige. Etiska standarder inom branschen har ökat under de senaste hundra åren. Förutom detta har reklamens innehåll och marknasföringssätt förändrats parallellt med medieutvecklingen. Läkemedelsreklam utvecklades från enkla utomhusaffischer till moderna digitala former, som används för nutidens marknadsföring. Även om utvecklingen av läkemedelsreklam har varit beständig och effektiv, finns fortfarande utrymme för ”polering” av både regelverket och etiska standarder inom verksamheten. Denna uppsats försöker erbjuda svaret på frågan: ”Hur har marknadsföring av läkemedel utvecklats under perioden mellan 1900 till nutid i Sverige?”. Förutom detta diskuteras positiva och negativa aspekter av marknadsföringen av läkemedel i Sverige, samt vilka åtgärder som skulle bidra till en saklig, balanserad och icke vilseledande läkemedelsreklam. Metoden som användes att svara på examensarbetets frågeställning var litteraturöversikt över kvalitativa studier och publikationer. Källor som användes i den här litteraturstudien omfattade bland annat böcker, statliga dokument, websidor, akademiska uppsatser och populär litteratur, som var publicerade inom området marknadsföring, medicin, farmacia, läkemedelsreklam etc. Analysen av litteratur som behandlar problematiken kring svensk läkemdelsreklam, från 1900 till 2018, ledde till slutsatsen att svensk läkemdelsreklam utvecklades inom följande tre kategorier: regelverket, etiken och mediaformer. Utvecklingen av regelverket omfattar antagandet av sju nya rättsliga lagar och fyra utomrättsliga regler, som under den analyserade perioden har satt normen för svensk läkemedelsreklam. Etiska standarder höjdes parallellt med utvecklingen av regelverket inom branschen, men också på grund av ett självreglerande system, som idag omfattar utomrättsliga regler och institutioner, som t.ex. Läkemedelsindustriföreningen (LIF), Nämnden för bedömning av läkemedelsinformation (NBL) och liknande, vars funktion är att bevaka och vägleda läkemdelesföretags marknadsaktiviteter. Mediautvecklingen omfattar uppkomsten av sex nya mediakanaler som har använts för läkemdelsreklamens syfte. Analysen visade också att det fortfande finns utryme för förbättring inom området med avseende på konroll av marknadsföringsmaterialet innan publicering, höjning av böterna för ”osund” marknadsföring, samt ökning av transparens av forskningsresultat. Advertising has always been a powerful tool for the pharmaceutical industry. The history of pharma marketing in Sweden dates to the beginning of the 20th century. That was the time of “miraculous” drugs that could, according to advertisements, treat any kind of disease. Back then, marketing activities didn´t imply more than using empty promises, which were in combination with an alluring illustration, placed in a newspaper or an attractive public place. Consequently, negative perceptions have been plaguing the pharmaceutical marketing from the very beginning. In the years to come, medico-marketing in Sweden was struggling to rebuild its image. Marketing activities got strictly regulated at the national level via numerous laws, rules or procedures. Many authorities have been established to control the market and provide guideline for socially responsible, honest, respectful and up-to-date pharma marketing. As the result, up to the end of the 20th century conditions in pharmaceutical industry in Sweden have radically changed. Frivolous marketing of pharmaceutical drugs is today a matter of the past. However, there are still examples where pharmaceutical companies are breaking the law and are being accused of inappropriate marketing of drugs or lack of transparency in reporting results from negative clinical trials. Those examples are the warning signs for authorities that there is still a lot of space for further regulation of the market. Following thesis has an aim to answer to the question: “ How did pharma marketing in Sweden develop in the period between the beginning of the 20th century until today?”. Methodology used in this thesis include a qualitative method literature review, which is a survey of important articles, books and other sources relevant to the research question. A review of litterature published in Swedish language in period between the beginning of 20th century and today, showed that development of medico-marketing in Sweden took place within three following categories: regulatory law, ethics and media marketing. Apart from the progress in the analysed fields, there is still space for improvement. Some proposals for rasing the quality of marketing activities in the pharmaceutical industry include following: control of marketing materials before publishing, increasing the fees for marketing that is inconssistent with the regulatory laws and move toward greater transparency for clinical trial data.
- Published
- 2018
50. Lo scenario europeo: normativa e giurisprudenza
- Author
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Salvatore, Vincenzo
- Subjects
Unione Europea ,farmaci ,Unione Europea, farmaci, sperimentazioni cliniche, tutela dei dati personali ,sperimentazioni cliniche ,tutela dei dati personali - Published
- 2018
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