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Farlowella azpelicuetae, new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E8176E2F-F1B4-4998-A5BC- AC11B9C151ED Figs. 1-2, Tab. 2. Holotype: CI-FML 7277, 142.3 mm SL. Argentina, Salta, Bermejo River, La Plata River basin, 23��10��56��S, 64��12��18.36��W, ca. 300 m above sea level (asl). 26 Sep 2015. G.E. Ter��n, G. Aguilera, F. Alonso and J.M. Mirande. Paratypes. CI-FML 7265, 7 (2 c,s), 64.2- 193.8 mm SL; IBIGEO-I 453 6, 69.3-77.5 mm SL; MZUSP 123935, 1, 83.3 mm SL. Collected with the holotype. CI-FML 7274, 2, 72.3-178.7 mm SL; MZUSP 123936, 2, 169.0- 81.4 mm SL. Argentina, Salta, Bermejo River basin, 23��10��56��S, 064��12��18.36��W, ca. 300 m asl. 20 Sep 2016. G.E. Ter��n, G. Aguilera, F. Alonso and J. M. Mirande. CI-FML 7266, 1, 140.9 mm SL; CFA-IC-8845, 2, 129.7- 130.9 mm SL. Argentina, Jujuy, San Francisco River, Bermejo River basin, 23��50���27.08���S, 64��37���24.70���W, ca. 370 m asl. 30 Sep 2016. G.E. Ter��n and G. Aguilera. Diagnosis. Farlowella azpelicuetae differs from most congeners, except F. altocorpus, F. gianetii, F. gracilis, F. hasemani, F. isbrueckeri, F. jauruensis, F. nattereri, and F. odontotumulus, by the presence of five rows on lateral plate series of body (vs. four). Farlowella azpelicuetae differs from F. gracilis, F. hasemani, F. isbrueckeri, F. nattereri, and F. odontotumulus by having proportionally-shorter snoutmouth length (less than 50% HL vs. more than 50% HL). The new species differs from F. jauruensis and F. gianetii by its marbled coloration pattern of snout (vs. snout completely dark and snout darkly pigmented only laterally, respectively). Farlowella azpelicuetae differs from F. altocorpus by having a continuous half-moon pigmentation pattern on the caudal fin (vs. discontinuous half-moon shaped pattern) and by the shorter predorsal length (37.8-41.8 % SL vs. 43.7-45.6% SL). The new species can be further distinguished by the presence of three rows of abdominal plates (vs. two in F. acus, F. amazonum, F.colombiensis, F.henriquei, F.martini, F.rugosa, F. venezuelensis, F. vittata, and F. yarigui and an incomplete median disjunct row of abdominal plates in F. mitoupibo). Additionally, F. azpelicuetae differs from F. hahni, F. knerii, F. oxyrryncha, F. reticulata, and F. schreitmuelleri by having irregular dark brown blotches on the snout (vs. a reticulated pattern formed by the dark pigmentation of the border of the bony plates in the head); from F. curtirostra and F. taphorni by the absence of breeding odontodes on side of head and presence of a long and slender snout (vs. presence of breeding odontodes on sides of the head and presence of a short and broad snout). The new species also differs from F. hahni, F. mariaelenae, F. oxyrryncha, F. paraguayensis, and F. smithi by having a continuous half-moon pigmentation pattern on the caudal fin (vs. caudal pigment restricted to the dorsal lobe in F. hahni, F. oxyrryncha, and F. smithi and discontinuous pattern with dark stripe in upper lobe of caudal fin broad and larger than stripe in lower caudal lobe in F. mariaelenae and F. paraguayensis). Additionally, the new species can be distinguished from F. gianetii by having i,11,i or i,12,i caudal-fin rays (vs. i,10,i), F. gracillis by the diamond-shaped plates in the second row of lateral plate series (vs. hexagonal plates), from F. isbrueckeri by presenting the ventromedian row of anterior plates keeled and the marbled coloration pattern on snout (vs. row unkeeled and snout entirely dark), from F. jauruensis by having i,5 pelvic-fin rays (vs. i,4), from F. nattereri by first anal- and dorsal-fin rays not entirely darkly pigmented (vs. entirely pigmented), and from F. odontotumulus by the presence of spots on fins (vs. spines and rays lacking spots). Description. Morphometric data for holotype and paratypes presented in Tab. 2. Body elongate, slender and cylindrical in transversal section, dorsoventrally depressed. Greatest body depth and width at opercular region. Head slightly depressed in lateral view, body trunk cylindrical, caudal peduncle depressed. Dorsal profile of head concave from snout tip to anterior margin of nares, relatively straight from that point to posterior margin of parieto-supraoccipital, and then slightly concave until dorsal-fin origin. Body profile straight from last dorsal-fin ray to caudal fin. Ventral profile slightly straight from tip of snout to pectoral girdle, straight from that point to anal-fin insertion; straight from the terminus of anal fin to anteriormost ventral caudal-fin plate. Body completely covered with bony plates except for snout tip, gular region and oval region surrounding urogenital area. Snout short, papillae absent. Preorbital ridge present. Anterior and posterior nares of similar size, with dermal flap separating both openings. Orbit dorsolateral, not visible in ventral view; iris operculum present. Sixth infraorbital present. Dorsal surface of head with longitudinal keel on supraoccipital bone; compound pterotic ornamented with reticulate pattern of perforations. Mouth ovoid, lower lip longer than upper lip; wide oval papillae on upper lip and round papillae on lower lip; decreasing in size from oral aperture to lip margin; lip margin papillose. Few platelets anterior to lip. Each premaxilla with 21(1), 22(4), 23(1), 24(4), 25(4), 28(1), 29(1), 33(3), or 34*(1) bicuspid teeth. Each dentary with 20(2), 21(3), 22(3), 23(3), 24(1), 25(4), 27(1), 29(1), 30*(1), or 33(1) bicuspid teeth; premaxilla wider than dentary. Buccal papillae present. Ventral surface of head completely covered by platelets. Two maxillary barbels small and projecting slightly from mouth margin. Five lateral plate rows on anterior portion of body, dorsal series with 30(1), 31*(12), 32 (5), 33(1), or 34(1) plates; dorsomedian series with 7*(9), 8(7), or 9(4) plates; median series with 7(1), 8*(6), 9(6), 10(5), or 11(2) plates; dosomedian+median series with 4(1), 5(5), 6*(7), or 7(7) plates; ventromedian series with 15*(7) or 16(13) plates; ventral series with 32 (2), 33*(6), 34(6), 35(5), or 36(1) plates; and coalescent series with 18(12), 19*(6), or 20(2) plates. Pectoral-fin rays i,6*(20), posterior border straight, leading ray longest and thicker than branched rays; pelvicfin rays i,5*(20), posterior margin slightly curved; dorsal-fin rays i,6*(20). Anal-fin rays i,5*(20), similar in size and shape to dorsal fin. Adipose fin absent. Caudal-fin rays i,11,i(2), i,12,i*(18), dorsal and ventral lobes similar in size; the principal caudal-fin ray in each lobe bears a filament. Breeding odontodes were not found in the analyzed specimens. Color in alcohol. Background coloration light brown, with one dark brown lateral stripe on each side, that runs from snout to end of dorsal fin, leaving a central light brown area (Fig. 1). Snout with dark brown marbled pattern in dorsal view (Fig. 2a), more uniform and darker in the ventral and lateral portions of head and lighter on the dorsal region. Ventral body region light brown with diffuse scattered pigmentation. Fins with dark brown blotches on rays and slightly hyaline on membranes. Caudal fin with a dark marking forming a continuous crescentic half-moon pigmentation pattern (Fig. 2b). Color in life. Overall coloration of specimens in life similar to specimens after fixation except for the brighter yellowish background of the body (Fig. 2c). Geographic distribution. Farllowella azpelicuetae is distributed in the upper Bermejo River basin, La Plata basin, provinces of Salta and Jujuy in the Yungas region, northwestern Argentina (Fig. 3). Ecological notes. Specimens were collected at altitudes ranging from 310 to 450 masl in the main channel of the Bermejo (Fig. 4) and San Francisco Rivers, associated with wood drift debris on the margins. No specimens of this species were captured in streams, or small courses of water sampled in the area. Etymology. The species is named azpelicuetae after Dr. Mar��a de las Mercedes Azpelicueta, in recognition of her prominent contributions to ichthyology, especially to the systematics of Argentinian fishes. She described numerous species and was essential to the formation of subsequent generations of freshwater fish systematists in Argentina. A matronym in genitive case. Conservation status. Considering that no major threats to the species were detected in the area of distribution, the conservation status of Farlowella azpelicuetae may be classified as having Least Concern (LC), according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (IUCN, 2017). Comparative material. Most of the comparative material was listed in Ballen, Mojica (2014), Ballen et al. (2016a, 2016b). Additional material: Farlowella hahni: Argentina, Province of Corrientes, Paran�� River, CI-FML 5419,1, 43.9 mm SL; CI-FML 7504, 3, 74.8-114.2 mm SL. Azpelicueta MM, Koerber S. Finding of the holotype of Farlowella paranaense Meinken, 1937. Hist Nat (Buenos Aires). 2014; 4 (2): 95-99. Ballen GA, Mojica JI. A new trans-Andean Stick Catfish of the genus Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with the first record of the genus for the r��o Magdalena Basin in Colombia. Zootaxa. 2014; 3765 (2): 134-42. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/ zootaxa.3765.2.2 Ballen GA, Pastana MNL, Peixoto LAW. A new species of Farlowella (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) of the F. nattereri species-group from the rio Xingu basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, with comments on Farlowella jauruensis, a poorly-known species from the upper rio Paraguai basin. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2016 a; 14 (3):e 160046. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/1982-0224-20160046 Farlowella azpelicuetae is assigned to the Farlowella nattereri group sensu Ballen et al. (2016a) (see Tab. 1), because it exhibits the following characteristics: five lateral plates on the anterior portion of the body, three abdominal plate series, and diamond shaped median plates. Ballen GA, Urbano-BonillaA, Zamudio JE. Farlowella mitoupibo, a new species of stick catfish from the upper Guaviare River, Orinoco basin, Colombia (Teleostei: Loricariidae). Ichthyol Explor Freshw. 2016 b; 27 (4): 325-32. The new taxon is the second species of the genus Farlowella known to Argentina after F. hahni, distributed in the lower Paran�� and Paraguay Rivers. A third species mentioned for Argentina is F. amazonum. However, the presence of this species has not been confirmed and it is only based on the hypothesized locality of the holotype of F. paranaense (synonym of F. amazonum), after a probable labelling error by Meinken (see, Azpelicueta, Koerber, 2014). Boeseman M. The ���comb-toothed��� Loricariinae of Surinam, with reflections on the phylogenetic tendencies within the family Loricariidae (Siluriformes, Siluroidei). Zool Verh. 1971; 116: 1-56. Covain R, Fisch-Muller S. The genera of the Neotropical armored catfish subfamily Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): a practical key and synopsis. Zootaxa. 2007; 1462 (1): 1-40. Available from: https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/ zt01462p040.pdf The Bermejo River is one of the greatest hydrographic systems of Argentina and one of the main tributaries of the Rio de la Plata system. According to Hales, Petry (2015), the Bermejo River basin belongs to the Chaco Ecoregion. This area also includes the drainages of the western Paraguay basin across Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina. There are presently more than 150 species of fishes recorded in this ecoregion of which at least 17 are endemic (Ter��n et al., 2016). The pace at which description of new taxa is occurring in this region suggests the chance of further discoveries. The outstanding diversity of the area when compared to other drainages in the southernmost portion of the continent renders the Bermejo River basin an important reservoir of biological resources for Argentina. Fern��ndez-Y��pez A. An��lisis ictiol��gico del complejo hidrogr��fico (04) ���R��o Yaracuy���. Ministerio de Obras P��blicas. Venezuela. 1972; 1: 1-25 Fricke R, Eschmeyer WN, Van der Laan R. Eschmeyer���s catalog of fishes: genera, species, references [Internet]. San Francisco(CA): California Academy of Sciences; 2019 [cited 2019 May 2]. Available from: http://researcharchive. calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain. asp Fricke R, Eschmeyer WN. Eschmeyer���s catalog of fishes: Guide to fish collections. [Internet]. San Francisco (CA): California Academy of Sciences; 2019. [cited 2019 Apr 25]. Available from: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/ catalog/collections.asp Acknowledgments Financial support was provided by CONICET, Fundaci��n Miguel Lillo, and FONCyT (PICT-2011-0992 and PICT-2016-0275 to JMM and PICT- 2012-2683 to GA). Secretar��a de Ambiente of Salta and Jujuy provided the collecting licenses. GAB was funded through a doctoral scholarship and a BEPE internship grant by FAPESP (2014/11558-5 and 2016/02253-1). We thank Fabiana Cancino for the loan of material. This work was benefited by the comments of Priscila Camelier, Rafaela Ota, Sven Kullander and anonymous reviewers. References Discussion Fern��ndez-Y��pez A. An��lisis ictiol��gico del complejo hidrogr��fico (04) ���R��o Yaracuy���. Ministerio de Obras P��blicas. Venezuela. 1972; 1: 1-25 Fricke R, Eschmeyer WN, Van der Laan R. Eschmeyer���s catalog of fishes: genera, species, references [Internet]. San Francisco(CA): California Academy of Sciences; 2019 [cited 2019 May 2]. Available from: http://researcharchive. calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain. asp Fricke R, Eschmeyer WN. Eschmeyer���s catalog of fishes: Guide to fish collections. [Internet]. San Francisco (CA): California Academy of Sciences; 2019. [cited 2019 Apr 25]. Available from: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/ catalog/collections.asp Acknowledgments Financial support was provided by CONICET, Fundaci��n Miguel Lillo, and FONCyT (PICT-2011-0992 and PICT-2016-0275 to JMM and PICT- 2012-2683 to GA). Secretar��a de Ambiente of Salta and Jujuy provided the collecting licenses. GAB was funded through a doctoral scholarship and a BEPE internship grant by FAPESP (2014/11558-5 and 2016/02253-1). We thank Fabiana Cancino for the loan of material. This work was benefited by the comments of Priscila Camelier, Rafaela Ota, Sven Kullander and anonymous reviewers. References Discussion, Published as part of Ter��n, Guillermo E., Ballen, Gustavo A., Alonso, Felipe, Aguilera, Gast��n & Mirande, J. Marcos, 2019, A new species of Farlowella (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper Bermejo River, La Plata River basin, northwestern Argentina, pp. 1-7 in Neotropical Ichthyology 17 (2) on pages 1-7, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20180114, http://zenodo.org/record/3649852, {"references":["Retzer ME, Page LM. Systematic of the stick catfishes, Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann (Pisces, Loricariidae). Proc Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia. 1996; 147: 33 - 88. Available from: https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4065027","Ballen GA, Mojica JI. A new trans-Andean Stick Catfish of the genus Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with the first record of the genus for the rio Magdalena Basin in Colombia. Zootaxa. 2014; 3765 (2): 134 - 42. Available from: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3765.2.2","Ballen GA, Pastana MNL, Peixoto LAW. A new species of Farlowella (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) of the F. nattereri species-group from the rio Xingu basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, with comments on Farlowella jauruensis, a poorly-known species from the upper rio Paraguai basin. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2016 a; 14 (3): e 160046. Available from: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / 1982 - 0224 - 20160046","Ballen GA, Urbano-BonillaA, Zamudio JE. Farlowella mitoupibo, a new species of stick catfish from the upper Guaviare River, Orinoco basin, Colombia (Teleostei: Loricariidae). Ichthyol Explor Freshw. 2016 b; 27 (4): 325 - 32.","Azpelicueta MM, Koerber S. Finding of the holotype of Farlowella paranaense Meinken, 1937. Hist Nat (Buenos Aires). 2014; 4 (2): 95 - 99.","Hales J, Petry P. Freshwater ecoregions of the world (FEOW). 342: Chaco [Internet]. 2015. [cited 2018 Aug 28]. Available from: http: // www. feow. org / ecoregions / details / 342","Teran GE, Jarduli LR, Alonso F, Mirande JM, Shibatta OA. Microglanis nigrolineatus, a new species from northwestern Argentina (Ostariophysi: Pseudopimelodidae). Ichthyol Explor Freshw. 2016; 27 (3): 193 - 202."]}

Farlowella azpelicuetae, new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E8176E2F-F1B4-4998-A5BC- AC11B9C151ED Figs. 1-2, Tab. 2. Holotype: CI-FML 7277, 142.3 mm SL. Argentina, Salta, Bermejo River, La Plata River basin, 23°10ʹ56ʺS, 64°12ʹ18.36ʺW, ca. 300 m above sea level (asl). 26 Sep 2015. G.E. Terán, G. Aguilera, F. Alonso and J.M. Mirande. Paratypes. CI-FML 7265, 7 (2 c,s), 64.2- 193.8 mm SL; IBIGEO-I 453 6, 69.3-77.5 mm SL; MZUSP 123935, 1, 83.3 mm SL. Collected with the holotype. CI-FML 7274, 2, 72.3-178.7 mm SL; MZUSP 123936, 2, 169.0- 81.4 mm SL. Argentina, Salta, Bermejo River basin, 23°10ʹ56ʺS, 064°12ʹ18.36ʺW, ca. 300 m asl. 20 Sep 2016. G.E. Terán, G. Aguilera, F. Alonso and J. M. Mirande. CI-FML 7266, 1, 140.9 mm SL; CFA-IC-8845, 2, 129.7- 130.9 mm SL. Argentina, Jujuy, San Francisco River, Bermejo River basin, 23°50’27.08”S, 64°37’24.70”W, ca. 370 m asl. 30 Sep 2016. G.E. Terán and G. Aguilera. Diagnosis. Farlowella azpelicuetae differs from most congeners, except F. altocorpus, F. gianetii, F. gracilis, F. hasemani, F. isbrueckeri, F. jauruensis, F. nattereri, and F. odontotumulus, by the presence of five rows on lateral plate series of body (vs. four). Farlowella azpelicuetae differs from F. gracilis, F. hasemani, F. isbrueckeri, F. nattereri, and F. odontotumulus by having proportionally-shorter snoutmouth length (less than 50% HL vs. more than 50% HL). The new species differs from F. jauruensis and F. gianetii by its marbled coloration pattern of snout (vs. snout completely dark and snout darkly pigmented only laterally, respectively). Farlowella azpelicuetae differs from F. altocorpus by having a continuous half-moon pigmentation pattern on the caudal fin (vs. discontinuous half-moon shaped pattern) and by the shorter predorsal length (37.8-41.8 % SL vs. 43.7-45.6% SL). The new species can be further distinguished by the presence of three rows of abdominal plates (vs. two in F. acus, F. amazonum, F.colombiensis, F.henriquei, F.martini, F.rugosa, F. venezuelensis, F. vittata, and F. yarigui and an incomplete median disjunct row of abdominal plates in F. mitoupibo). Additionally, F. azpelicuetae differs from F. hahni, F. knerii, F. oxyrryncha, F. reticulata, and F. schreitmuelleri by having irregular dark brown blotches on the snout (vs. a reticulated pattern formed by the dark pigmentation of the border of the bony plates in the head); from F. curtirostra and F. taphorni by the absence of breeding odontodes on side of head and presence of a long and slender snout (vs. presence of breeding odontodes on sides of the head and presence of a short and broad snout). The new species also differs from F. hahni, F. mariaelenae, F. oxyrryncha, F. paraguayensis, and F. smithi by having a continuous half-moon pigmentation pattern on the caudal fin (vs. caudal pigment restricted to the dorsal lobe in F. hahni, F. oxyrryncha, and F. smithi and discontinuous pattern with dark stripe in upper lobe of caudal fin broad and larger than stripe in lower caudal lobe in F. mariaelenae and F. paraguayensis). Additionally, the new species can be distinguished from F. gianetii by having i,11,i or i,12,i caudal-fin rays (vs. i,10,i), F. gracillis by the diamond-shaped plates in the second row of lateral plate series (vs. hexagonal plates), from F. isbrueckeri by presenting the ventromedian row of anterior plates keeled and the marbled coloration pattern on snout (vs. row unkeeled and snout entirely dark), from F. jauruensis by having i,5 pelvic-fin rays (vs. i,4), from F. nattereri by first anal- and dorsal-fin rays not entirely darkly pigmented (vs. entirely pigmented), and from F. odontotumulus by the presence of spots on fins (vs. spines and rays lacking spots). Description. Morphometric data for holotype and paratypes presented in Tab. 2. Body elongate, slender and cylindrical in transversal section, dorsoventrally depressed. Greatest body depth and width at opercular region. Head slightly depressed in lateral view, body trunk cylindrical, caudal peduncle depressed. Dorsal profile of head concave from snout tip to anterior margin of nares, relatively straight from that point to posterior margin of parieto-supraoccipital, and then slightly concave until dorsal-fin origin. Body profile straight from last dorsal-fin ray to caudal fin. Ventral profile slightly straight from tip of snout to pectoral girdle, straight from that point to anal-fin insertion; straight from the terminus of anal fin to anteriormost ventral caudal-fin plate. Body completely covered with bony plates except for snout tip, gular region and oval region surrounding urogenital area. Snout short, papillae absent. Preorbital ridge present. Anterior and posterior nares of similar size, with dermal flap separating both openings. Orbit dorsolateral, not visible in ventral view; iris operculum present. Sixth infraorbital present. Dorsal surface of head with longitudinal keel on supraoccipital bone; compound pterotic ornamented with reticulate pattern of perforations. Mouth ovoid, lower lip longer than upper lip; wide oval papillae on upper lip and round papillae on lower lip; decreasing in size from oral aperture to lip margin; lip margin papillose. Few platelets anterior to lip. Each premaxilla with 21(1), 22(4), 23(1), 24(4), 25(4), 28(1), 29(1), 33(3), or 34*(1) bicuspid teeth. Each dentary with 20(2), 21(3), 22(3), 23(3), 24(1), 25(4), 27(1), 29(1), 30*(1), or 33(1) bicuspid teeth; premaxilla wider than dentary. Buccal papillae present. Ventral surface of head completely covered by platelets. Two maxillary barbels small and projecting slightly from mouth margin. Five lateral plate rows on anterior portion of body, dorsal series with 30(1), 31*(12), 32 (5), 33(1), or 34(1) plates; dorsomedian series with 7*(9), 8(7), or 9(4) plates; median series with 7(1), 8*(6), 9(6), 10(5), or 11(2) plates; dosomedian+median series with 4(1), 5(5), 6*(7), or 7(7) plates; ventromedian series with 15*(7) or 16(13) plates; ventral series with 32 (2), 33*(6), 34(6), 35(5), or 36(1) plates; and coalescent series with 18(12), 19*(6), or 20(2) plates. Pectoral-fin rays i,6*(20), posterior border straight, leading ray longest and thicker than branched rays; pelvicfin rays i,5*(20), posterior margin slightly curved; dorsal-fin rays i,6*(20). Anal-fin rays i,5*(20), similar in size and shape to dorsal fin. Adipose fin absent. Caudal-fin rays i,11,i(2), i,12,i*(18), dorsal and ventral lobes similar in size; the principal caudal-fin ray in each lobe bears a filament. Breeding odontodes were not found in the analyzed specimens. Color in alcohol. Background coloration light brown, with one dark brown lateral stripe on each side, that runs from snout to end of dorsal fin, leaving a central light brown area (Fig. 1). Snout with dark brown marbled pattern in dorsal view (Fig. 2a), more uniform and darker in the ventral and lateral portions of head and lighter on the dorsal region. Ventral body region light brown with diffuse scattered pigmentation. Fins with dark brown blotches on rays and slightly hyaline on membranes. Caudal fin with a dark marking forming a continuous crescentic half-moon pigmentation pattern (Fig. 2b). Color in life. Overall coloration of specimens in life similar to specimens after fixation except for the brighter yellowish background of the body (Fig. 2c). Geographic distribution. Farllowella azpelicuetae is distributed in the upper Bermejo River basin, La Plata basin, provinces of Salta and Jujuy in the Yungas region, northwestern Argentina (Fig. 3). Ecological notes. Specimens were collected at altitudes ranging from 310 to 450 masl in the main channel of the Bermejo (Fig. 4) and San Francisco Rivers, associated with wood drift debris on the margins. No specimens of this species were captured in streams, or small courses of water sampled in the area. Etymology. The species is named azpelicuetae after Dr. María de las Mercedes Azpelicueta, in recognition of her prominent contributions to ichthyology, especially to the systematics of Argentinian fishes. She described numerous species and was essential to the formation of subsequent generations of freshwater fish systematists in Argentina. A matronym in genitive case. Conservation status. Considering that no major threats to the species were detected in the area of distribution, the conservation status of Farlowella azpelicuetae may be classified as having Least Concern (LC), according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (IUCN, 2017). Comparative material. Most of the comparative material was listed in Ballen, Mojica (2014), Ballen et al. (2016a, 2016b). Additional material: Farlowella hahni: Argentina, Province of Corrientes, Paraná River, CI-FML 5419,1, 43.9 mm SL; CI-FML 7504, 3, 74.8-114.2 mm SL. Azpelicueta MM, Koerber S. Finding of the holotype of Farlowella paranaense Meinken, 1937. Hist Nat (Buenos Aires). 2014; 4 (2): 95-99. Ballen GA, Mojica JI. A new trans-Andean Stick Catfish of the genus Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with the first record of the genus for the río Magdalena Basin in Colombia. Zootaxa. 2014; 3765 (2): 134-42. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/ zootaxa.3765.2.2 Ballen GA, Pastana MNL, Peixoto LAW. A new species of Farlowella (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) of the F. nattereri species-group from the rio Xingu basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, with comments on Farlowella jauruensis, a poorly-known species from the upper rio Paraguai basin. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2016 a; 14 (3):e 160046. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/1982-0224-20160046 Farlowella azpelicuetae is assigned to the Farlowella nattereri group sensu Ballen et al. (2016a) (see Tab. 1), because it exhibits the following characteristics: five lateral plates on the anterior portion of the body, three abdominal plate series, and diamond shaped median plates. Ballen GA, Urbano-BonillaA, Zamudio JE. Farlowella mitoupibo, a new species of stick catfish from the upper Guaviare River, Orinoco basin, Colombia (Teleostei: Loricariidae). Ichthyol Explor Freshw. 2016 b; 27 (4): 325-32. The new taxon is the second species of the genus Farlowella known to Argentina after F. hahni, distributed in the lower Paraná and Paraguay Rivers. A third species mentioned for Argentina is F. amazonum. However, the presence of this species has not been confirmed and it is only based on the hypothesized locality of the holotype of F. paranaense (synonym of F. amazonum), after a probable labelling error by Meinken (see, Azpelicueta, Koerber, 2014). Boeseman M. The “comb-toothed” Loricariinae of Surinam, with reflections on the phylogenetic tendencies within the family Loricariidae (Siluriformes, Siluroidei). Zool Verh. 1971; 116: 1-56. Covain R, Fisch-Muller S. The genera of the Neotropical armored catfish subfamily Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): a practical key and synopsis. Zootaxa. 2007; 1462 (1): 1-40. Available from: https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/ zt01462p040.pdf The Bermejo River is one of the greatest hydrographic systems of Argentina and one of the main tributaries of the Rio de la Plata system. According to Hales, Petry (2015), the Bermejo River basin belongs to the Chaco Ecoregion. This area also includes the drainages of the western Paraguay basin across Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina. There are presently more than 150 species of fishes recorded in this ecoregion of which at least 17 are endemic (Terán et al., 2016). The pace at which description of new taxa is occurring in this region suggests the chance of further discoveries. The outstanding diversity of the area when compared to other drainages in the southernmost portion of the continent renders the Bermejo River basin an important reservoir of biological resources for Argentina. Fernández-Yépez A. Análisis ictiológico del complejo hidrográfico (04) “Río Yaracuy”. Ministerio de Obras Públicas. Venezuela. 1972; 1: 1-25 Fricke R, Eschmeyer WN, Van der Laan R. Eschmeyer’s catalog of fishes: genera, species, references [Internet]. San Francisco(CA): California Academy of Sciences; 2019 [cited 2019 May 2]. Available from: http://researcharchive. calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain. asp Fricke R, Eschmeyer WN. Eschmeyer’s catalog of fishes: Guide to fish collections. [Internet]. San Francisco (CA): California Academy of Sciences; 2019. [cited 2019 Apr 25]. Available from: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/ catalog/collections.asp Acknowledgments Financial support was provided by CONICET, Fundación Miguel Lillo, and FONCyT (PICT-2011-0992 and PICT-2016-0275 to JMM and PICT- 2012-2683 to GA). Secretaría de Ambiente of Salta and Jujuy provided the collecting licenses. GAB was funded through a doctoral scholarship and a BEPE internship grant by FAPESP (2014/11558-5 and 2016/02253-1). We thank Fabiana Cancino for the loan of material. This work was benefited by the comments of Priscila Camelier, Rafaela Ota, Sven Kullander and anonymous reviewers. References Discussion Fernández-Yépez A. Análisis ictiológico del complejo hidrográfico (04) “Río Yaracuy”. Ministerio de Obras Públicas. Venezuela. 1972; 1: 1-25 Fricke R, Eschmeyer WN, Van der Laan R. Eschmeyer’s catalog of fishes: genera, species, references [Internet]. San Francisco(CA): California Academy of Sciences; 2019 [cited 2019 May 2]. Available from: http://researcharchive. calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain. asp Fricke R, Eschmeyer WN. Eschmeyer’s catalog of fishes: Guide to fish collections. [Internet]. San Francisco (CA): California Academy of Sciences; 2019. [cited 2019 Apr 25]. Available from: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/ catalog/collections.asp Acknowledgments Financial support was provided by CONICET, Fundación Miguel Lillo, and FONCyT (PICT-2011-0992 and PICT-2016-0275 to JMM and PICT- 2012-2683 to GA). Secretaría de Ambiente of Salta and Jujuy provided the collecting licenses. GAB was funded through a doctoral scholarship and a BEPE internship grant by FAPESP (2014/11558-5 and 2016/02253-1). We thank Fabiana Cancino for the loan of material. This work was benefited by the comments of Priscila Camelier, Rafaela Ota, Sven Kullander and anonymous reviewers. References Discussion

A new species of Farlowella is described from the Bermejo River basin, in Salta and Jujuy provinces, northwestern Argentina. The new species belongs to the Farlowella nattereri species group. The new species is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: marbled rostrum, five rows of lateral plates series, relatively short snout (snoutmouth length less than 50.0% of head length), complete half-moon shaped spot on caudal fin, and short predorsal distance (37.8-41.8% of standard length). Se describe una nueva especie de Farlowella de la cuenca del Río Bermejo, en las provincias de Salta y Jujuy, en el noroeste de Argentina. La nueva especie pertenece al grupo de Farlowella nattereri. La nueva especie se diagnostica con la siguiente combinación de caracteres: rostro veteado, cinco hileras de placas laterales en el cuerpo, hocico relativamente corto (longitud hocico-boca menor a 50.0% longitud cabeza), mancha en forma de media luna completa en la aleta caudal, y distancia predorsal corta (37.8-41.8% longitud estándar) Fil: Teran, Guillermo Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina Fil: Ballen, Gustavo A. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Alonso, Felipe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina Fil: Aguilera, Gaston. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina Fil: Mirande, Juan Marcos. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina

Farlowella schreitmuelleri Arnold, 1936. Farlowella schreitmuelleri also had a diploid chromosome number 58 and karyotype composed of 10m + 30m +14st+4a, and FN = 112 (Fig. 1d). A secondary constriction was observed in the distal region of the long arms of the acrocentric pair No. 28, together with size heteromorphism, corresponding to the Ag-NOR (Fig. 1f), the ribosomal 18S DNA (Fig. 2e), and positive C-banding sites. The genome of this species possessed a much larger quantity of heterochromatin compared to Farlowella cf. amazonum, located in the centromeric region of all chromosomes, where some bands were more conspicuous than others. Interstitial bands also occurred in the long arms of pairs Nos. 7, 9, 14, 22, and 23. Pairs Nos.8, 24, 25, and 28 also had conspicuous bands in the terminal region of the long arms (Fig. 1e). Multiple 5S rDNA sites were observed, in sm pair No. 16 (in only one of the homologs) and st pair No. 26. Both these sites were positive for C-banding (Fig. 2f). Hybridiza- tion with telomeric probes revealed terminal signals in all chromosomes and Interstitial Telomeric Sequences (ITSs) in pairs Nos. 7, 14, 25, and 28, all of which corresponded with heterochromatin blocks. In pair No. 28, the ITS was observed in only one of the homologs (Fig. 2b)., Published as part of Marajó, Leandro, Viana, Patrik F., Ferreira, Milena, Rapp Py-Daniel, Lúcia H. & Feldberg, Eliana, 2018, Cytogenetics of two Farlowella species (Loricariidae: Loricariinae): implications on the taxonomic status of the species, pp. 1-8 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (4) on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20180029, http://zenodo.org/record/3710253

Farlowella is one of the most diverse genera of the Loricariinae, restricted to South America rivers. The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among its species are contentious and, while genetic studies would contribute to the understanding of their relationships, the only available datum refer to the karyotype description of only one species. In the present study two Amazonian species, Farlowella cf. amazonum and F. schreitmuelleri, were analyzed using conventional and molecular cytogenetic procedures. Both species had diploid chromosome number 58, but different fundamental numbers (NF) 116 and 112, respectively, indicative of chromosomal rearrangements. C-banding is almost poor, especially in F. cf. amazonum, and occurs predominantly in the centromeric and in some telomeric regions, although genome of F. schreitmuelleri possessed a much larger heterochromatin amount then those of F. cf. amazonum. The chromosomes bearing the NOR sites were likely the same for both species, corresponding to the 1st metacentric pair in F. cf. amazonum and to the 28th acrocentric in F. schreitmuelleri. The location of the 5S rDNA was species-specific marker. This study expanded the available cytogenetic data for Farlowella species and pointed the remarkable karyotype diversity among species/populations, indicating a possible species complex within genus. RESUMO Farlowella é um dos gêneros mais diversos de Loricariinae, restrito aos rios da América do Sul. As relações taxonômicas e filogenéticas entre suas espécies são contenciosas e, enquanto os estudos genéticos contribuem para a compreensão dessas relações, o único dado disponível refere-se à descrição cariotípica de apenas uma espécie. No presente estudo, foram analizadas duas espécies amazônicas Farlowella cf. amazonum e F. schreitmuelleri, empregando procedimentos citogenéticos convencionais e moleculares. Ambas as espécies apresentaram número diploide igual a 58 cromossomos, mas com números fundamentais diferentes (NF) de 116 e 112, respectivamente, indicando rearranjos cromossômicos. Bandas C são poucas, especialmente em F. cf. amazonum, e ocorre predominantemente nas regiões centroméricas e em algumas regiões teloméricas, embora F. schreitmuelleri apresenta uma quantidade de heterocromatina muito maior que F. cf. amazonum. Os cromossomos carreadores dos sítios da NOR foram provavelmente os mesmos para ambas as espécies, correspondendo ao primeiro par metacêntrico em F. cf. amazonum e ao 28º acrocêntrico em F. schreitmuelleri. A localização do DNAr 5S foi espécie-específico. Este estudo expandiu os dados citogenéticos disponíveis para espécies de Farlowella e apontou uma remarcável diversidade cromossômica entre espécies/populações, indicando um possível complexo de espécies neste gênero.

Farlowella yarigui, new species (Figure 1, Table 1) Holotype. ICNMHN 17819, adult male, 112.3 mm SL, COLOMBIA, Departamento de Santander, El Carmen de Chucur��, Vereda El Top��n, r��o Top��n, main channel of the river, 6 �� 42 ���00��� N, 73 �� 32 ��� 31 ��� W, 422 masl, 19 March 2011, J. I. Mojica, G. A. Ballen, and biology students, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Paratypes. COLOMBIA, Departamento de Santander, El Carmen de Chucur��, Vereda El Top��n, r��o Top��n, ICNMHN 18889 (same data as the holotype), 2, 36.2���43.4 mm SL; r��o Top��n, main channel, 6 �� 45 ' 45 "N, 73 �� 34 ' 56 "W, 276 masl, 18 March 2011, J. I. Mojica, G. A. Ballen, and biology students, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ICNMHN 17789, 2, 75.6���76.9 mm SL. Diagnosis. Farlowella yarigui differs from species of the F. curtirostra species group by having restricted odontodes on sides of the snout but not extending onto the cheek region (vs. hypertrophied odontodes in breeding males extensive on sides of the snout and cheek in species of the F. curtirostra species group). In addition, F. yarigui differs from species of the F. amazona species group by presenting notably concave lateral margins of the snout (vs. lateral margins of the snout straight to nearly straight in the F. amazona species group); and eyes not elevated on the head (vs. eyes elevated on the head in the F. amazona species group). Farlowella yarigui differs from species of the Farlowella nattereri species group as well as from Farlowella gracilis by presenting four rows of lateral plates (vs. five rows in F. gracilis and the F. nattereri species group). In addition, Farlowella yarigui differs from species of the F. knerii and F. mariaelenae species groups by presenting two abdominal plate rows (vs. three abdominal rows in the F. knerii and F. mariaelenae species groups). Farlowella yarigui is herein assigned to the Farlowella acus species group by the presence of long breeding odontodes on the snout in mature males; four rows of lateral body plates from the anteriormost portion of body to posterior margin of dorsal- and anal-fin base; two complete rows of ventral plates and no single plate between pelvic-fin insertions. Farlowella yarigui differs from all the species currently assigned to the F. ac u s species group by having the median anterior lateral row of plates diamond-shaped (vs. hexagonal in shape in F. a c u s, F. colombiensis, F. martini, F. venezuelensis and F. vittata. In addition, Farlowella yarigui differs from F. martini by having dark interradial membranes in the caudal fin (vs. interradial membranes clear in F. martini) Description. Largest specimen 16.8 mm SL (adult male, holotype). Overall shape elongate and cylindrical. Head slightly depressed, body cylindrical, tail very depressed. Dorsal profile from tip of snout to level of nares concave, almost entirely straight from level of dorsal-fin insertion to caudal peduncle. Ventral profile obliquely straight from tip of snout to pectoral girdle and then straight to caudal peduncle. Body completely covered with plates except for tip of snout and gular region. Head in dorsal view with concave lateral margins from snout to halfway between tip of snout and nares, and gently concave from such landmark to opercular region. Snout short with papillary naked tip, papillae more evident in adults; hypertrophied odontodes present on sides of snout in mature males but restricted to snout and not reaching sides of head. Preorbital ridge present; nares with anterior opening smaller than posterior opening, dermal flap separating both openings present. Eyes lateral, not visible from below yet visible in dorsal view, and not raised above head surface; iris operculum present. Six infraorbitals evident. Head plates and bones covered by short and flat odontodes. Dorsal surface of head with longitudinal keel on parieto-supraoccipital bone; compound pterotic ornamented with low reticulate ridges and pits. Mouth ovoid with lower lip larger than upper lip; ventral surface covered by wide oval papillae on upper lip and round papillae on lower lip; round papillae decreasing in size from oral aperture to lip margins; lip margins papillose. Platelets covering dorsal surface of upper lip. Each premaxilla with 13���25 teeth, each dentary with 13���22 teeth; premaxilla wider than dentary. Buccal papilla present, with papillose surface. Ventral surface of head covered by platelets without a particular arrangement. Maxillary barbel very short and projecting only slightly form mouth margin. Abdomen flat, covered with two complete rows of plates and median incomplete row with two to four plates. Ventral plates angled and delimiting abdomen laterally. Posteriormost abdominal plate pair without median platelet. Anal plate arrow-head shaped with posterior margin either straight or slightly curved. Four lateral plate rows on body, all of them forming longitudinal keels. Pectoral fin with distal margin straight, leading ray twice as thick as branched rays; median row of hypertrophied odontodes on dorsal surface absent, dorsal odontodes flat and not hypertrophied, ventral odontodes flat and medially directed. Pelvic fin with posterior margin slightly curved; dorsal odontodes flat, not hypertrophied, ventral odontodes flat, medially directed. Dorsal fin with posterior margin straight, triangular in overall shape. Anal fin the same as dorsal fin. Caudal fin emarginated with dorsal lobe larger than ventral lobe; dorsal filament present. Coloration in alcohol. Head, dorsum, and caudal peduncle light brown; sides of head and body with longitudinal dark brown stripe continuous from tip of snout to fusion of median and ventromedian plate rows; ventral portions of head, body, and caudal peduncle light khaki from snout to base of caudal fin; some individuals show abdomen lighter than ventral portions of head, body, and caudal peduncle, so lateral darker stripe appears less evident from remaining coloration. Head with dark pigment delimiting plates in dorsal and lateral views; longitudinal dark brown stripe present from parieto-supraoccipital to dorsal-fin insertion. Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins with hyaline membranes and black spots on rays poorly arranged in bars. Caudal fin with overall dark brown-black coloration on both membranes and rays; area free of pigment present posteriorly at level of caudal emargination; tips unpigmented; variable clear ocelli present on dorsal and ventral lobes toward margins of lobes. Ontogenetic variation. Description based on three paratype juveniles, 75.6���76.9 mm LS, and the adult male holotype, 112.3 mm SL. Cephalic ridges are more prominent in juveniles, in adults such structures become less defined and show gentle curvatures when compared with juveniles. Odontodes on plates on head, body and caudal peduncle form prominent keels no longer present in subadults and adults. Caudal is not visible in the holotype because of damage in the caudal fin, but present in juveniles. Spots on fins increase in number with size, from three to seven. Despite being less firm, odontodes on ventral surface of paired fins show the same median orientation as in adults. Distribution. Farlowella yarigui is currently known only from the type locality in the middle r��o Magdalena Basin, western flank of the Cordillera Oriental, Colombia. The r��o Top��n drains the western flank of the area under protection by the Parque Nacional Natural Serran��a de los Yarigu��es (Fig. 2). Habitat. The type series of Farlowella yarigui was collected among wood sticks and partially-submerged vegetation using a bottom net. During a two-week collecting period, specimens of the new species were found exclusively in such microhabitat despite collection efforts throughout the main channel of the r��o Top��n. Syntopic species included Astyanax caucanus, A. magdalenae, A. filiferus, Roeboides dayi, Sturisoma cf. panamense, Chaetostoma sp., Lasiancistrus caucanus, Creagrutus cf. guanes and Hemibrycon sp. During the fieldtrip a wide range of microhabitats were sampled for fishes, but specimens of F. y a r i g u i were collected only with bottom netting amidst submerged vegetation and sticks (Fig. 3) in almost the same microhabitat where cis-Andean species of Farlowella are common. No specimens were detected in still water, mountain brooks, muddy environments, sandy banks, or among gravel and boulders in swift water. It is noteworthy that such a distinctive loricariid catfish remained unnoticed until now in the r��o Magdalena Basin. Most of the collection efforts in Colombia have concentrated on this drainage (in addition to the Llanos region) since the XIX century. Some of the prominent collectors working in trans-Andean Colombia were Carl H. Eigenmann, Cecil Miles, George Dahl, Plutarco Cala, and Germ��n Galvis, along with several other incidental collectors. In addition, it was quite easy to secure specimens of F. y a r i g u i when working in the right microhabitat, which suggests that either collectors working in the r��o Magdalena Basin have been concentrating on mainstream and lowland areas and devoting little or no effort to piedmont areas, or that this drainage (one of the supposedly best-sampled in Colombia) is indeed still poorly known. In addition to the present species of Farlowella, Torres- Mej��a et al. (2012) described Astyanacinus yariguies from the Serran��a de los Yarigu��es in Santander, suggesting that some tributaries of the r��o Magdalena Basin are still poorly known and that more intensive biodiversity inventories may enhance the discovery of additional new species. The r��o Magdalena system supports ca. 80 % of the total Colombian population (32 million people). This extreme anthropic impact has caused deforestation, an increase in erosion and sediment transport, floodplain draining, and fisheries collapse, that together severely degrade the environmental quality of habitats available for fish communities (Galvis & Mojica, 2007). Contrary to the long-held opinion about the completeness of our knowledge on the r��o Magdalena fishes, urgent efforts are required on at least two fronts: (1) biodiversity inventories in fragile systems such as piedmont tributaries, and (2) more efficient conservation policies. Without such measures, the rate of habitat degradation will continue to rise while the rate of knowledge acquisition will decrease, and the r��o Magdalena biodiversity will be lost even before being adequately documented. Etymology. The specific epithet is an arbitrary combination of letters in allusion to the Parque Nacional Natural Serran��a de los Yarigu��es, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, in recognition of its conservation efforts in this region of the Eastern Colombian Andes. It is used as a noun in apposition. Remarks. The present contribution records for the first time the genus Farlowella from trans-Andean drainages exclusive of the Maracaibo Basin, where two other species have been recorded (F. curtirostra and F. taphorni). However, in his monograph on the fishes of Northern Colombia, Dahl (1971: 81) comments on the type locality of F. gracilis and its confusing report for the Cauca valley. Additionally, in a footnote, the editor, probably Jorge Hern��ndez-Camacho, a Colombian naturalist very interested in birds, may have confused the collector���s name based on his knowledge of ornithology, suggesting that such locality is in fact a mistyping of a locality in the r��o Cauca Basin: "The type locality of Farlowella gracilis corresponds to the r��o Cauquita, Cali, Departamento de Valle [del Cauca], small affluent on the left margin of the upper r��o Cauca. The manuscript labels for material collected there by Batty have allowed erroneous transcriptions (r��o "Cauqueta", r��o "Caquet��"), and therefore generates confusion with the r��o Caquet�� or Yapuar��, in the Amazon basin. If no label change ever occurred in fact, the type specimen of F. gracilis must be considered to be collected in the r��o Cauca basin, which requires confirmation through collection of additional specimens." (Editor footnote, our translation; Dahl, 1971: 82). Regan (1904: 303) reported the collector of the holotype of F. gracilis to be Mr. M. D. Eder, and makes no mention of any collector and/or donor with last-name Batty, who was a well-known collector of birds. J. H. Batty collected birds in Western and Central Colombia during the XIX century, particularly in the Cauca Valley and adjoining mountains (Chapman, 1912), and none of the localities reported by Chapman belong to the Amazonian versant of the Colombian Andes. In addition, there is no way to link the collections of J. H. Batty to M. D. Eder, so every data at hand suggest that the interpretation presented in Dahl (1971) has no merit. The historical limits of the Departamento de Cauca in Colombia in the XIX century were markedly different from those currently in use, and included the upper r��o Caquet��, as well as from the Dari��n mountain range to the north and the r��o Mira to the south, including part or all of the actual departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Choc��, Antioquia, Quind��o, Caldas, Risaralda, and Nari��o. Even today, the Departamento de Cauca includes the upper r��o Caquet�� drainage. This historical background allows one to consider the possibility of reporting the r��o Caquet�� as belonging to the Departamento de Cauca, and is even more likely to be confounded as synonymous with Cauca Valley, particularly in the XIX century. Given the inconsistence in the collector���s information discussed in Dahl (1971), the lack of evidence linking Batty and Eder, and the historical geographic setting of Colombia in the XIX century, we conclude that earlier comments about the type locality of F. gracilis are unfounded. Finally, Retzer & Page (1996) reported F. gracilis as endemic to the r��o Caquet��. This implies that F. gracilis is not a trans-Andean species as suggested in earlier literature (Dahl, 1971), and that F. yarigui is the only species known with certainty to dwell in trans-Andean rivers exclusive of the Maracaibo basin., Published as part of Ballen, Gustavo A. & Mojica, Jos�� Iv��n, 2014, A new trans-Andean Stick Catfish of the genus Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with the first record of the genus for the r��o Magdalena Basin in Colombia, pp. 134-142 in Zootaxa 3765 (2) on pages 135-140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/227289, {"references":["Galvis, G. & Mojica, J. I. (2007) The Magdalena river freshwater fishes and fisheries. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 10 (2), 127 - 139. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 14634980701357640","Dahl, G. (1971) Los Peces del Norte de Colombia. Inderena, Bogota, 391 pp.","Regan, C. T. (1904) A monograph of the fishes of the family Loricariidae. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 17 (1), 191 - 350. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1904. tb 00040. x","Chapman, F. M. (1912) Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian birds. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 31, 139 - 166.","Retzer, M. E. & Page, L. M. (1996) Systematic of the Stick Catfishes, Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann (Pisces, Loricariidae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 147, 33 - 88."]}

Key to the species of Farlowella from Colombia The following key is partially modified from Retzer & Page (1996), and based on species reported from Colombia in the literature (Retzer & Page, 1996; Galvis et al., 1997; Maldonado-Ocampo, et al., 2008). 1 Five rows of anterior lateral plates........................................................................ 2 - Four rows of anterior lateral plates........................................................................ 3 2 Anterior plates on median row hexagonal in shape.................................................... F. gracilis - Anterior plates on median row diamond-shaped...................................................... F. nattereri 3 Two complete rows of plates on abdomen.................................................................. 4 - Three complete rows of plates on abdomen................................................................. 9 4 Anterior plates on median row diamond-shaped.................................................. F. yarigui n. sp. - Anterior plates on median row hexagonal in shape.......................................................... 5 5 Very dark vermiculations on head and snout........................................................ F. amazona - No dark vermiculations on head and snout................................................................. 6 6 Head with raised mid-dorsal ridge............................................................ F. colombiensis - Head nearly flat..................................................................................... 7 7 Eyes raised on head, lateral margins of snout nearly straight...................................... F. platorhynchus - Eyes set at the level of dorsal surface of head, lateral margins of snout noticeably concave............................ 8 8 Breeding odontodes on preorbital ridge............................................................... F. a c us - No breeding odontodes on preorbital ridge............................................................ F. vittata 9 Breeding odontodes on sides of head, plates in second lateral row thickened and forming a keel....................... 10 - Breeding odontodes on sides of head absent, plates in second lateral row normal and not forming a keel.............. 11 10 Adult males with body depth less than snout-mouth length............................................ F. taphorni - Adult males with body depth greater than snout-mouth length........................................ F. curtirostra 11 Wide caudal peduncle plates.................................................................. F. oxyrrhyncha - Narrow caudal peduncle plates.......................................................................... 12 12 Median row of anterior lateral plates diamond-shaped.............................................. F. mariaelenae - Median row of anterior lateral plates hexagonal....................................................... F. s m i t h i, Published as part of Ballen, Gustavo A. & Mojica, Jos�� Iv��n, 2014, A new trans-Andean Stick Catfish of the genus Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with the first record of the genus for the r��o Magdalena Basin in Colombia, pp. 134-142 in Zootaxa 3765 (2) on pages 140-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/227289, {"references":["Retzer, M. E. & Page, L. M. (1996) Systematic of the Stick Catfishes, Farlowella Eigenmann & Eigenmann (Pisces, Loricariidae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 147, 33 - 88.","Galvis, G., Mojica, J. I. & Camargo, M. (1997) Peces del Catatumbo. Asociacion Cravo Norte, Bogota, D. C., 118 pp.","Maldonado-Ocampo, J. A., Vari, R. P. & Usma, J. S. (2008) Checklist of freshwater fishes of Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 9 (2), 143 - 237."]}

Farlowella yarigui, new species (Figure 1, Table 1) Holotype. ICNMHN 17819, adult male, 112.3 mm SL, COLOMBIA, Departamento de Santander, El Carmen de Chucurí, Vereda El Topón, río Topón, main channel of the river, 6 ° 42 ’00” N, 73 ° 32 ’ 31 ” W, 422 masl, 19 March 2011, J. I. Mojica, G. A. Ballen, and biology students, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Paratypes. COLOMBIA, Departamento de Santander, El Carmen de Chucurí, Vereda El Topón, río Topón, ICNMHN 18889 (same data as the holotype), 2, 36.2–43.4 mm SL; río Topón, main channel, 6 ° 45 ' 45 "N, 73 ° 34 ' 56 "W, 276 masl, 18 March 2011, J. I. Mojica, G. A. Ballen, and biology students, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ICNMHN 17789, 2, 75.6–76.9 mm SL. Diagnosis. Farlowella yarigui differs from species of the F. curtirostra species group by having restricted odontodes on sides of the snout but not extending onto the cheek region (vs. hypertrophied odontodes in breeding males extensive on sides of the snout and cheek in species of the F. curtirostra species group). In addition, F. yarigui differs from species of the F. amazona species group by presenting notably concave lateral margins of the snout (vs. lateral margins of the snout straight to nearly straight in the F. amazona species group); and eyes not elevated on the head (vs. eyes elevated on the head in the F. amazona species group). Farlowella yarigui differs from species of the Farlowella nattereri species group as well as from Farlowella gracilis by presenting four rows of lateral plates (vs. five rows in F. gracilis and the F. nattereri species group). In addition, Farlowella yarigui differs from species of the F. knerii and F. mariaelenae species groups by presenting two abdominal plate rows (vs. three abdominal rows in the F. knerii and F. mariaelenae species groups). Farlowella yarigui is herein assigned to the Farlowella acus species group by the presence of long breeding odontodes on the snout in mature males; four rows of lateral body plates from the anteriormost portion of body to posterior margin of dorsal- and anal-fin base; two complete rows of ventral plates and no single plate between pelvic-fin insertions. Farlowella yarigui differs from all the species currently assigned to the F. ac u s species group by having the median anterior lateral row of plates diamond-shaped (vs. hexagonal in shape in F. a c u s, F. colombiensis, F. martini, F. venezuelensis and F. vittata. In addition, Farlowella yarigui differs from F. martini by having dark interradial membranes in the caudal fin (vs. interradial membranes clear in F. martini) Description. Largest specimen 16.8 mm SL (adult male, holotype). Overall shape elongate and cylindrical. Head slightly depressed, body cylindrical, tail very depressed. Dorsal profile from tip of snout to level of nares concave, almost entirely straight from level of dorsal-fin insertion to caudal peduncle. Ventral profile obliquely straight from tip of snout to pectoral girdle and then straight to caudal peduncle. Body completely covered with plates except for tip of snout and gular region. Head in dorsal view with concave lateral margins from snout to halfway between tip of snout and nares, and gently concave from such landmark to opercular region. Snout short with papillary naked tip, papillae more evident in adults; hypertrophied odontodes present on sides of snout in mature males but restricted to snout and not reaching sides of head. Preorbital ridge present; nares with anterior opening smaller than posterior opening, dermal flap separating both openings present. Eyes lateral, not visible from below yet visible in dorsal view, and not raised above head surface; iris operculum present. Six infraorbitals evident. Head plates and bones covered by short and flat odontodes. Dorsal surface of head with longitudinal keel on parieto-supraoccipital bone; compound pterotic ornamented with low reticulate ridges and pits. Mouth ovoid with lower lip larger than upper lip; ventral surface covered by wide oval papillae on upper lip and round papillae on lower lip; round papillae decreasing in size from oral aperture to lip margins; lip margins papillose. Platelets covering dorsal surface of upper lip. Each premaxilla with 13–25 teeth, each dentary with 13–22 teeth; premaxilla wider than dentary. Buccal papilla present, with papillose surface. Ventral surface of head covered by platelets without a particular arrangement. Maxillary barbel very short and projecting only slightly form mouth margin. Abdomen flat, covered with two complete rows of plates and median incomplete row with two to four plates. Ventral plates angled and delimiting abdomen laterally. Posteriormost abdominal plate pair without median platelet. Anal plate arrow-head shaped with posterior margin either straight or slightly curved. Four lateral plate rows on body, all of them forming longitudinal keels. Pectoral fin with distal margin straight, leading ray twice as thick as branched rays; median row of hypertrophied odontodes on dorsal surface absent, dorsal odontodes flat and not hypertrophied, ventral odontodes flat and medially directed. Pelvic fin with posterior margin slightly curved; dorsal odontodes flat, not hypertrophied, ventral odontodes flat, medially directed. Dorsal fin with posterior margin straight, triangular in overall shape. Anal fin the same as dorsal fin. Caudal fin emarginated with dorsal lobe larger than ventral lobe; dorsal filament present. Coloration in alcohol. Head, dorsum, and caudal peduncle light brown; sides of head and body with longitudinal dark brown stripe continuous from tip of snout to fusion of median and ventromedian plate rows; ventral portions of head, body, and caudal peduncle light khaki from snout to base of caudal fin; some individuals show abdomen lighter than ventral portions of head, body, and caudal peduncle, so lateral darker stripe appears less evident from remaining coloration. Head with dark pigment delimiting plates in dorsal and lateral views; longitudinal dark brown stripe present from parieto-supraoccipital to dorsal-fin insertion. Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins with hyaline membranes and black spots on rays poorly arranged in bars. Caudal fin with overall dark brown-black coloration on both membranes and rays; area free of pigment present posteriorly at level of caudal emargination; tips unpigmented; variable clear ocelli present on dorsal and ventral lobes toward margins of lobes. Ontogenetic variation. Description based on three paratype juveniles, 75.6–76.9 mm LS, and the adult male holotype, 112.3 mm SL. Cephalic ridges are more prominent in juveniles, in adults such structures become less defined and show gentle curvatures when compared with juveniles. Odontodes on plates on head, body and caudal peduncle form prominent keels no longer present in subadults and adults. Caudal is not visible in the holotype because of damage in the caudal fin, but present in juveniles. Spots on fins increase in number with size, from three to seven. Despite being less firm, odontodes on ventral surface of paired fins show the same median orientation as in adults. Distribution. Farlowella yarigui is currently known only from the type locality in the middle río Magdalena Basin, western flank of the Cordillera Oriental, Colombia. The río Topón drains the western flank of the area under protection by the Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de los Yariguíes (Fig. 2). Habitat. The type series of Farlowella yarigui was collected among wood sticks and partially-submerged vegetation using a bottom net. During a two-week collecting period, specimens of the new species were found exclusively in such microhabitat despite collection efforts throughout the main channel of the río Topón. Syntopic species included Astyanax caucanus, A. magdalenae, A. filiferus, Roeboides dayi, Sturisoma cf. panamense, Chaetostoma sp., Lasiancistrus caucanus, Creagrutus cf. guanes and Hemibrycon sp. During the fieldtrip a wide range of microhabitats were sampled for fishes, but specimens of F. y a r i g u i were collected only with bottom netting amidst submerged vegetation and sticks (Fig. 3) in almost the same microhabitat where cis-Andean species of Farlowella are common. No specimens were detected in still water, mountain brooks, muddy environments, sandy banks, or among gravel and boulders in swift water. It is noteworthy that such a distinctive loricariid catfish remained unnoticed until now in the río Magdalena Basin. Most of the collection efforts in Colombia have concentrated on this drainage (in addition to the Llanos region) since the XIX century. Some of the prominent collectors working in trans-Andean Colombia were Carl H. Eigenmann, Cecil Miles, George Dahl, Plutarco Cala, and Germán Galvis, along with several other incidental collectors. In addition, it was quite easy to secure specimens of F. y a r i g u i when working in the right microhabitat, which suggests that either collectors working in the río Magdalena Basin have been concentrating on mainstream and lowland areas and devoting little or no effort to piedmont areas, or that this drainage (one of the supposedly best-sampled in Colombia) is indeed still poorly known. In addition to the present species of Farlowella, Torres- Mejía et al. (2012) described Astyanacinus yariguies from the Serranía de los Yariguíes in Santander, suggesting that some tributaries of the río Magdalena Basin are still poorly known and that more intensive biodiversity inventories may enhance the discovery of additional new species. The río Magdalena system supports ca. 80 % of the total Colombian population (32 million people). This extreme anthropic impact has caused deforestation, an increase in erosion and sediment transport, floodplain draining, and fisheries collapse, that together severely degrade the environmental quality of habitats available for fish communities (Galvis & Mojica, 2007). Contrary to the long-held opinion about the completeness of our knowledge on the río Magdalena fishes, urgent efforts are required on at least two fronts: (1) biodiversity inventories in fragile systems such as piedmont tributaries, and (2) more efficient conservation policies. Without such measures, the rate of habitat degradation will continue to rise while the rate of knowledge acquisition will decrease, and the río Magdalena biodiversity will be lost even before being adequately documented. Etymology. The specific epithet is an arbitrary combination of letters in allusion to the Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de los Yariguíes, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, in recognition of its conservation efforts in this region of the Eastern Colombian Andes. It is used as a noun in apposition. Remarks. The present contribution records for the first time the genus Farlowella from trans-Andean drainages exclusive of the Maracaibo Basin, where two other species have been recorded (F. curtirostra and F. taphorni). However, in his monograph on the fishes of Northern Colombia, Dahl (1971: 81) comments on the type locality of F. gracilis and its confusing report for the Cauca valley. Additionally, in a footnote, the editor, probably Jorge Hernández-Camacho, a Colombian naturalist very interested in birds, may have confused the collector’s name based on his knowledge of ornithology, suggesting that such locality is in fact a mistyping of a locality in the río Cauca Basin: "The type locality of Farlowella gracilis corresponds to the río Cauquita, Cali, Departamento de Valle [del Cauca], small affluent on the left margin of the upper río Cauca. The manuscript labels for material collected there by Batty have allowed erroneous transcriptions (río "Cauqueta", río "Caquetá"), and therefore generates confusion with the río Caquetá or Yapuará, in the Amazon basin. If no label change ever occurred in fact, the type specimen of F. gracilis must be considered to be collected in the río Cauca basin, which requires confirmation through collection of additional specimens." (Editor footnote, our translation; Dahl, 1971: 82). Regan (1904: 303) reported the collector of the holotype of F. gracilis to be Mr. M. D. Eder, and makes no mention of any collector and/or donor with last-name Batty, who was a well-known collector of birds. J. H. Batty collected birds in Western and Central Colombia during the XIX century, particularly in the Cauca Valley and adjoining mountains (Chapman, 1912), and none of the localities reported by Chapman belong to the Amazonian versant of the Colombian Andes. In addition, there is no way to link the collections of J. H. Batty to M. D. Eder, so every data at hand suggest that the interpretation presented in Dahl (1971) has no merit. The historical limits of the Departamento de Cauca in Colombia in the XIX century were markedly different from those currently in use, and included the upper río Caquetá, as well as from the Darién mountain range to the north and the río Mira to the south, including part or all of the actual departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Chocó, Antioquia, Quindío, Caldas, Risaralda, and Nariño. Even today, the Departamento de Cauca includes the upper río Caquetá drainage. This historical background allows one to consider the possibility of reporting the río Caquetá as belonging to the Departamento de Cauca, and is even more likely to be confounded as synonymous with Cauca Valley, particularly in the XIX century. Given the inconsistence in the collector’s information discussed in Dahl (1971), the lack of evidence linking Batty and Eder, and the historical geographic setting of Colombia in the XIX century, we conclude that earlier comments about the type locality of F. gracilis are unfounded. Finally, Retzer & Page (1996) reported F. gracilis as endemic to the río Caquetá. This implies that F. gracilis is not a trans-Andean species as suggested in earlier literature (Dahl, 1971), and that F. yarigui is the only species known with certainty to dwell in trans-Andean rivers exclusive of the Maracaibo basin.

Key to the species of Farlowella from Colombia The following key is partially modified from Retzer & Page (1996), and based on species reported from Colombia in the literature (Retzer & Page, 1996; Galvis et al., 1997; Maldonado-Ocampo, et al., 2008). 1 Five rows of anterior lateral plates........................................................................ 2 - Four rows of anterior lateral plates........................................................................ 3 2 Anterior plates on median row hexagonal in shape.................................................... F. gracilis - Anterior plates on median row diamond-shaped...................................................... F. nattereri 3 Two complete rows of plates on abdomen.................................................................. 4 - Three complete rows of plates on abdomen................................................................. 9 4 Anterior plates on median row diamond-shaped.................................................. F. yarigui n. sp. - Anterior plates on median row hexagonal in shape.......................................................... 5 5 Very dark vermiculations on head and snout........................................................ F. amazona - No dark vermiculations on head and snout................................................................. 6 6 Head with raised mid-dorsal ridge............................................................ F. colombiensis - Head nearly flat..................................................................................... 7 7 Eyes raised on head, lateral margins of snout nearly straight...................................... F. platorhynchus - Eyes set at the level of dorsal surface of head, lateral margins of snout noticeably concave............................ 8 8 Breeding odontodes on preorbital ridge............................................................... F. a c us - No breeding odontodes on preorbital ridge............................................................ F. vittata 9 Breeding odontodes on sides of head, plates in second lateral row thickened and forming a keel....................... 10 - Breeding odontodes on sides of head absent, plates in second lateral row normal and not forming a keel.............. 11 10 Adult males with body depth less than snout-mouth length............................................ F. taphorni - Adult males with body depth greater than snout-mouth length........................................ F. curtirostra 11 Wide caudal peduncle plates.................................................................. F. oxyrrhyncha - Narrow caudal peduncle plates.......................................................................... 12 12 Median row of anterior lateral plates diamond-shaped.............................................. F. mariaelenae - Median row of anterior lateral plates hexagonal....................................................... F. s m i t h i

F. platoryncha:- MHNG 2588.93 (72), 185.3 mm of SL, Peru, Ucayali Department, Yarinacocha, Isla del Amor in the vicinity of Pucallpa, de Rham et al., 29 May 1996., Published as part of Raphael Covain & Sonia Fisch-Muller, 2007, The genera of the Neotropical armored catfish subfamily Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): a practical key and synopsis., pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 1462 on page 4

Farlowella nattereri: Brazil - MCP 36599, 1 ex.; MCP 36600, 1 ex.; MZUSP 56116, 1 ex.; MZUSP 56217, 2 ex.; NMW 46497, 1 ex. holotype. Bolivia - AUM 23719, 8 ex.; CAS 77322, 2 ex. syntypes of Farlowella acestrichthys; INHS 36996, 3 ex.; FMNH 106987, 1 ex.Peru - INHS 36630, 3 ex.; INHS 54710, 1 ex.; SIUC 37127, 1 ex.; SIUC 28112, 2 ex.; UMMZ 66480, 1 ex. syntype of Farlowella acestrichthys., Published as part of Michael E. Retzer, 2006, A new species of Farlowella Eigenmann and Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a stickcatfish from Bolivia., pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1282 on page 60

Farlowella altocorpus, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2) Holotype. INHS 99773, 170.15 mm SL, sex unknown. Bolivia: La Paz State: R��o Beni Basin: R��o Coroico, Caranavi, 4 August 1995, L.M. Page, B.M. Burr, M.H. Sabaj, J. Sarmiento & A.S. Barrera. Paratypes. INHS 36972, 2 ex., 87.82-91.69 mm SL; same data as holotype. - SIUC 23150, 3 ex., 69.59-138.89 mm SL same data as holotype. Diagnosis: Farlowella altocorpus is a member of the F. nattereri group as defined by Retzer and Page (1996) and is distinguished from all non-members of this group except Farlowella gracilis Regan by having five rows of anterior lateral plates. The new species is distinguished from F. gracilis by having a snout-mouth length 1.0.) Farlowella altocorpus differs from F. nattereri in having a shorter and broader snout. This difference is reflected in a shorter snout-mouth length relative to the pectoral length in adults (73-87% in F. altocorpus, 91-138% in F. nattereri, Fig. 3), and not having first anal and dorsal fin spines entirely darkly pigmented. Note that in Table 14 of Retzer and Page (1996), the snout-mouth length to pectoral length ratio is incorrect due to a typographic error. The correct value in the table should have been>1.0 and was correctly given in the description for the species on page 57. The addition of new data herein has lowered the value from 1.0 to 0.91. The body depth of Farlowella altocorpus is not as deep as that of F. hasemani but is relatively deeper when compared to the other species of the F. nattereri species group. Farlowella altocorpus differs from F. isbruckeri in having a deeper body relative to pelvic fin length (69-79% in Farlowella altocorpus, 57-68% in F. isbruckeri), deeper body relative to pectoral fin length (45-51% in F. altocorpus, 37-41% in F. isbruckeri), and post-anal plates (22-23 in Farlowella altocorpus, 24 in F. isbruckeri). Farlowella altocorpus differs from F. juarensis in having a deeper body relative to pelvic fin length (69-79% in F. altocorpus, 64% in F. juaruensis) and a deeper body relative to distance between pelvic and pectoral fin origins (49-53% in F. altocorpus, 47% in F. juaruensis). Farlowella altocorpus differs from F. juaruensis in having a shorter head length relative to snout tip to mouth length (1.94-2.28 times the length in F. altocorpus, 2.48 in F. juaruensis). Respectively, F. altocorpus differs from F. juaruensis in four meristic counts: anterior median lateral plates 14-16 versus 13, posterior median lateral plates 16-18 versus 14, post-anal plates 22-23 versus 24, and abdominal plates 22-31 versus 20. Farlowella altocorpus differs from F. odontotumulus in having a deeper body relative to pelvic fin length (69-79% in F. altocorpus, 60-64% in F. odontotumulus) and a deeper body relative to distance between pelvic and pectoral fin origins (49-53% in F. altocorpus, 39-46% in F. odontotumulus), and in having a longer head length relative to snout tip to mouth length (1.94-2.28 times the length in F. altocorpus, 1.67 in F. juaruensis). Mid-ventral lateral plate series of F. altocorpus is keeled; it is unkeeled in F. isbruckeri and F. odontotumulus. Distribution: Farlowella altocorpus is currently known only from a single locality on the R��o Coroico, (R��o Beni Basin), La Paz State of Bolivia. Etymology: From Latin, alto, meaning deep, and corpus, meaning body. The species epithet, altocorpus refers to its relatively high (alto) or deep body (corpus) relative to most of the other species of Farlowella. Comments: The upper Rio Beni is also the type locality of Farlowella acestrichthys Pearson. Retzer and Page (1996) considered F. acestrichthys to be a junior synonym of F. nattereri. Comparison of F. altocorpus to the F. acestrichthys syntypes indicates that the species are easily distinguished from each other. Farlowella altocorpus has a distinctly shorter and broader snout relative to F. acestrichthys (Figs. 1, 4). Retzer and Page (1996) also commented that F. nattereri is a complex of species. This observation is reflected in the plot of factor scores (Fig. 5). In Figure 5, the syntypes of F. acestrichthys are separate from specimens identified as F. nattereri (AUM 23719) that are also from the type locality of F. acestrichthys. As noted by Retzer and Page (1996), closer examination of populations of this wide-ranging species will be required to accurately access F. nattereri. One of the syntypes of F. acestrichthys (CAS 77322) does appear to group with F. altocorpus and F. hasemani; however, this is likely to be an artifact of the PCA because of the very large size of the specimen, 221.8 mm SL., Published as part of Michael E. Retzer, 2006, A new species of Farlowella Eigenmann and Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a stickcatfish from Bolivia., pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1282 on pages 60-67

Farlowella odontotumulus: Brazil - MCP 36595, 5 ex.Ecuador - FMNH 99135, 1 ex. holotype. Venezuela - MCNG 25405, 1 ex. paratype., Published as part of Michael E. Retzer, 2006, A new species of Farlowella Eigenmann and Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a stickcatfish from Bolivia., pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1282 on page 60

Farlowella altocorpus: Bolivia - INHS 99773, 1 ex. holotype; INHS 36972, 2 ex. paratypes; SIUC 23150, 3 ex. paratypes, Published as part of Michael E. Retzer, 2006, A new species of Farlowella Eigenmann and Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a stickcatfish from Bolivia., pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1282 on page 60

Farlowella jauruensis: Brazil - FMNH 55088, 1 ex. holotype., Published as part of Michael E. Retzer, 2006, A new species of Farlowella Eigenmann and Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a stickcatfish from Bolivia., pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1282 on page 60

Farlowella hasemani: Brazil - FMNH 55089, 1 ex.; FMNH 55090, 1 ex., Published as part of Michael E. Retzer, 2006, A new species of Farlowella Eigenmann and Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a stickcatfish from Bolivia., pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1282 on page 60

Farlowella isbruckeri: Brazil - INHS 32943, 1 ex. paratype; MCP 36601, 2 ex.; MZUSP 27704, 1 ex. paratype; MZUSP 37641, 1 ex. holotype., Published as part of Michael E. Retzer, 2006, A new species of Farlowella Eigenmann and Eigenmann (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a stickcatfish from Bolivia., pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1282 on page 60

Farlowella altocorpus is described from six specimens from a single locality on the Río Coroico, a tributary of the Río Beni in Bolivia. Farlowella altocorpus is a member of the Farlowella nattereri Steindachner species group and can be distinguished from other members of that group by a unique combination of characters: snout tip to mouth length 73–87% of pectoral fin length in adults, body depth 69–79% of pelvic fin length, body depth 49–53% of distance between pelvic and pectoral fins, head length 1.94–2.28 times length of snout tip to mouth, mid-ventral plates keeled, pectoral fins reach origins of pelvic fins, not having first anal and dorsal fin spines entirely darkly pigmented, anterior median lateral plates 14–16, posterior median lateral plates 16–18, post-anal plates 22–23, and abdominal plates 22–31.

A new species of Farlowella is described from El Carmen de Chucuri in the Departamento de Santander, western flank of the Cordillera Oriental, rio Magdalena Basin, Colombia. Farlowella yarigui n. sp. differs from its congeners in lateral body plate morphology, abdominal cover, cephalic hypertrophied odontodes, and details of coloration. This is the first verifiable record of the genus in the Magdalena drainage. Aspects of natural history and implications of this finding are provided concerning the state of knowledge of the fishes of the rio Magdalena Basin. Previous records of Farlowella gracilis in the rio Cauca basin are examined and herein considered erroneous, rendering the new species the only representative of the genus in the Magdalena-Cauca system. A key to species of Farlowella from Colombia is provided.

A new species of Farlowella is described from eighteen specimens collected in the upper rio Xingu basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The new species is a member of the Farlowella nattereri species-group and can be distinguished from other members of the group, with exception of Farlowella jauruensis , by exhibiting a proportionally shorter snout. The new species is distinguished from F. jauruensis by differences on the cleithrum and plate morphology, by counts of pelvic and caudal-fin rays, and by the color pattern of the snout. The discovery of new lots of F. jauruensis , a species so far known only from the holotype, is also herein reported. This discovery represents a considerable expansion of the geographic distribution and of the number of known specimens of F . jauruensis . RESUMO Uma nova espécie de Farlowella é descrita de dezoito espécimes da bacia do alto rio Xingu, estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil. A nova espécie é membro do grupo de espécies da Farlowella nattereri , e é diagnosticada de outros membros deste grupo, com exceção de Farlowella jauruensis , por apresentar um focinho proporcionalmente mais curto. A nova espécie se diferencia de F . jauruensis por diferenças morfológicas do cleitro e de placas, pelas contagens de raios da nadadeira pélvica e caudal, e pelo padrão de colorido do focinho. A descoberta de novos lotes de F. jauruensis , uma espécie até então conhecida apenas pelo holótipo, também é aqui reportada. Esta descoberta representa uma expansão considerável da distribuição geográfica e do número de espécimes conhecidos de F . jauruensis .