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38. Cerebral uptake of mefloquine enantiomers in fatal cerebral malaria

Author

Pham, Y. T., Nosten, F., Farinotti, R., Nicholas White, and Gimenez, F.

Subjects
Male, Mefloquine, Fatal Outcome, Malaria, Cerebral, Brain, Humans, Female, Stereoisomerism, Autopsy
Abstract

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The brain disposition of the enantiomers of the antimalarial mefloquine was studied in two post-mortem human cerebral biopsies after oral administration of the racemic mixture. BACKGROUND: Mefloquine (MQ) is an effective antimalarial drug used both for prophylaxis and treatment of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. MQ is generally well tolerated in treatment. Minor side-effects have been described. Potentially serious neuropsychiatric reactions occur. The mechanism underlying the neurotoxicity is unknown, although a dose relationship is evidently involved. RESULTS: Mefloquine enantiomer concentrations were determined using a chiral liquid chromatographic method. Mefloquine concentrations were higher in brain compared to plasma. Studied in one patient, white matter concentrations were higher compared to grey matter concentrations. CONCLUSION: Based on the ratios brain concentration/plasma concentration, the brain penetration of the (+) enantiomer is much higher than that of the (-) enantiomer.

Published
1999

43. [Pentamidine aerosol in the preventive treatment of pneumocystosis in AIDS patients. Comparison of two salts and two nebulizers]

Author

Bertrand DAUTZENBERG, Antoun F, Pm, Broussier, Dohin E, and Farinotti R

Subjects
Adult, Aerosols, Male, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Opportunistic Infections, Pentamidine
Abstract

In a randomized trial conducted in AIDS patients requiring prophylaxis against pneumocystosis we compared two pentamidine salts, isethionate (I) and mesylate (M), and two nebulizers (a modified ultrasonic Ultraneb 99 Devilbiss nebulizer, and a disposable jet nebulizer). Patients were randomized to one or the other nebulizer and received alternatively, once every other week, the two pentamidine salts in the IMIM or MIMI order. Characteristics and the side effects of the two courses of each pentamidine salt, as well as drug delivery by each nebulizer during the first course, were studied in 48 patients. The ultrasonic nebulizer was more effective (nebulization time: 19.8 +/- 7.3 mn versus 30.7 +/- 11 mn) and produced less side-effects (FEV1 decrease: 186 +/- 677 versus 571 +/- 708 ml) than the jet nebulizer. The mesylate salt tended to produce more side-effects than the isethionate, but the difference was not significant (FEV1 decreases: 439 +/- 688 ml and 295 +/- 756 ml respectively). We concluded that the best therapeutic procedure is to use pentamidine isethionate delivered by the ultrasonic nebulizer.

Published
1991

46. Acute effects of propylthiouracil on hemodynamics and oxygen content in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.

Author

Sogni, P, Hadengue, Antoine, Moreau, R., Le Moine, Olivier, Soupison, T, Oberti, F, Farinotti, R, Lebrec, Didier, Sogni, P, Hadengue, Antoine, Moreau, R., Le Moine, Olivier, Soupison, T, Oberti, F, Farinotti, R, and Lebrec, Didier

Abstract

The antithyroid drug propylthiouracil has been suggested for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Its beneficial effects could be due to either a decrease in hepatic oxygen consumption or an increase in hepatic blood flow. The aim of this study was to test these two hypotheses in patients with proven alcoholic cirrhosis., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
1997

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