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Background: Newborn screening programs signify early and presymptomatic detection of treatable disorders which authorize commencement of prompt medication to alleviate notable fatality. Newborn screening (NBS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has been a successful public health initiative in preventive medicine over the last few decades. Previous pilot (1999-2006) and phase 1 (2006-2011) NBS program in Bangladesh reported an increased incidence compared to global data which urged to initiate a second phase NBS program for the detection of CH. Materials & Methods: Neonates’ blood was collected from the umbilical cord or by heel prick and drawn on the Guthrie filter paper card. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was measured from this filter paper by Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) or Dissociation Enhanced Lanthanide Fluorescence Immunoassay (DELFIA) method. Results: 123 out of 2,61,550 neonates have already been diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism from September 2018 to August 2020, which represents an incidence of 1:2126. Conclusion: Ongoing phase-2 project data is already showing some optimistic outcomes. Hence, a time-worthy sustainable policy should be implemented to mark this program as an effective one. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 25(1): 15-21, 2022

Mungbean is an important crop species cultivated in Southeast Asia and middle east regions where expanded salinity is a central point restricting plant development and yield profitability. In the p...

Introduction: Radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) in patients with hyperthyroidism (HT) causes apoptosis of thyrocytes to bring about restoration of thyroid function. The aim of the study was to find the short term extent of reduction of thyroid gland volume (TGV) by non-invasive quantitative assessment using ultrasound imaging (USG). Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on a group of patients who had received RAIT due to primary hyperthyroidism at National Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (NINMAS). Pre-therapy work up included hormone assay and baseline measurement of TGV by US before administration of appropriate fixed dose RAIT. Short term follow-up with hormone assay and serial measurements of TGV on two occasions were done at three and six months following the RAIT. Observed temporal changes of parameters were analyzed using appropriate statistics. Results: Total 117 patients with primary hyperthyroidism had received RAIT with diagnosis of diffuse toxic goiter in 86 patients, toxic multinodular goiter in 21 cases and single toxic nodular goiter in 10 cases. There was a decline of mean TGV from the baseline level of 24 ml to 14 ml at three months followed by a further decline to 9.1 ml at six months. Thus the volume reduction of thyroid gland was calculated to be 42% at three months and 62% at six months. The volume reduction was observed to be in a correlative trend with the normalization of hormone levels. The proportion of patients who showed persistent hyperthyroidism till the study end point was 23%. Conclusion: Single dose of radioactive iodine therapy resulted in reduction of TGV up to 62% till six months after RAIT while 23% patients showed persistent hyperthyroidism. The correlative trend of volume reduction with normalization of hormone levels indicates potentiality of TGV to emerge as an adjunct to conventional assessment of treatment efficacy following RAIT. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 21(2): 87-91, July 2018

Objective: It is well established that citrus stimulation has a definite role in preventing salivary gland damage after radioiodine therapy. The aim of this study was to observe how effectively this stimulation can be used to prevent salivary gland damage and whether the timing of sucking citrus substances play any role in preventing this damage more effectively. Patients and Methods: A total of 128 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients who received radioiodine treatment for thyroid carcinoma were divided into two groups- group-A and group-B. Group-A patients started citrus stimulation 1 hour after radioiodine ingestion and group-B patients started 24 hours after RAIT. Patients were followed-up at 5th day, 3rd month, and 6th month after RAIT. Follow up procedure consisted of physical examination and history of pain and swelling in salivary gland regions, taste dysfunction and dryness of mouth. Result: The incidence of different types of salivary glands side effects and abnormal scan findings were significantly high in the group of patients who were advised to start citrus stimulation 1 h after radioiodine ingestion. On the other hand, patients who started citrus stimulation 24 h after RAIT suffered less from salivary gland side effects. Conclusion: This study showed that delayed initiation of citrus stimulation was more effective in reducing salivary gland damage after RAIT. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 21(2): 92-96, July 2018

A pot experiment was carried out in the nethouse of Soil Science Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur in 2017 and 2018 with an objective to evaluate the potentiality of AM fungi, Rhizobium and P in different best combinations on germination (%), growth, yield and yield contributing characters, nodulation, sporulation and nutrient concentration of mungbean under low salinity (4 dSm-1) stress condition. The experiment was designed in CRD with 10 treatments and 4 replications. Mungbean variety BARI Mung-6 was used as a test crop. Peat based rhizobial inoculum (BARI RVr-403) was used in this experiment @ 50 g kg-1 seed and the population density of inoculum being above 108 cfu g-1 inoculant. Soil based AM inoculum containing 275 ± 20 spores and infected root pieces of the host plant was used in each pot. There were 10 treatments viz. T1: Control (Not absolute control), T2: Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) + 50% P, T3: AM + 75% P, T4: AM + 100% P, T5: Rhizobium + 50% P, T6: Rhizobium + 75% P, T7: Rhizobium + 100% P, T8: AM + Rhizobium + 50% P, T9: AM + Rhizobium + 75% P and T10: AM + Rhizobium + 100% P. The highest seed yield (2.28 g plant-1, 46.2% higher over control in 2017 and 2.97 g plant-1, 33.8% higher over control in 2018) and stover yield (5.23 g plant-1, 30.8% higher over control in 2017 and 5.67 g plant-1, 32.8% higher over control in 2018) were found in AM + Rhizobium + 75% P treatment. Dual inoculation significantly increased P, S, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn concentration of mungbean plant compared to control. The results suggest that inoculation of AM fungi and Rhizobium along with 75% of recommended P rate can help increased mungbean yield under low salinity stress condition through influence on nodulation, colonization and nutrient uptake. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(1): 153-165, March 2019

A pot experiment was carried out in the nethouse of Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during 2014-2015 through 2015-2016. The design of the experiment was factorial randomized completely block design with 4 replications. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the potential of Arbuscular mycorrhization (AM) on the germination, nodulation and sporulation of lentil treated with different concentration of NaCl. Five NaCl treatments (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) possessed NaCl level as the first factor that were treated with soils before sowing of lentil seeds pivotal pulse crop in Bangladesh. The second factor consists of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal treatments. Mycorrhizal plants showed better performance in terms of germination (%), nodule number, nodule weight, spore population/100 g soil and root colonization (%) than non-mycorrhizal plants. With increasing NaCl concentration, germination (%), nodule number, nodule weight, spore population/100 g soil and root colonization (%) in the rhizosphere soil, decreased significantly (p

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium (R) on plant growth and their biocontrol against grasspea foot and root rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. The bio-control potential of these bio-agents against foot and root rot pathogen was carried out under pot culture condition using AMF alone or in combination with rhizobial inoculum in the nethouse of Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during 2014-2015 through 2015-2016. The experiment was designed in RCBD with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Grasspea variety BARI Khesari-1 was used as a test crop. Peat based rhizobial inoculum (BARI RLs-10) was used in this experiment @ 50 g kg-1 seed. The AM fungi used in this experiment were Glomus fusianum, Glomus macrocarpum, Glomus warcuppi, Acaulospora foveata, Acaulospora denticulate, Gigaspora albida, Gigaspora rosea, Glomus spp. etc. Soil based AM inoculum containing about approximate 252 spores and infected root pieces of the host plant was used pot-1. There were eight treatments viz. T1: Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), T2: Rhizobium, T3: AM + Rhizobium, T4: Sclerotium rolfsii, T5: Sclerotium rolfsii + AM, T6: Sclerotium rolfsii + Rhizobium, T7: Sclerotium rolfsii + AM + Rhizobium and T8: Control. Dual inoculation (AM + Rhizobium) increased 20-25% germination, 50-100% seed yield and 36-98% stover yield compared to control. Dual inoculation reduced 44-48% foot and root rot disease compared to control. On the contrary, Sclerotium rolfsii + Rhizobium, Sclerotium rolfsii + AM, and Sclerotium rolfsii + AM + Rhizobium reduced 12-17%, 16-20% and 28-31% foot and root rot disease, respectively compared to only Sclerotium rolfsii trearment. Therefore, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species and its combination with rhizobial inoculum were significant both in the formation and effectiveness of AM symbiosis and the reduction of foot and root rot incidence in grasspea plants. Use of these bio-control agents could be promoted as an active component of bio-intensive Integrated Disease Management Program (IDMP) under organic mode. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 2 December 2017, pp 109-117

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and parity in women of reproductive age group.Materials and methods: A cross sectional analytical study was carried out where the study population was women of reproductive age group (15 to 49 years of age). A total of 180 women were included as study subjects and the sampling technique was non random sampling. The study population was selected from healthy women of reproductive age group. Data about age, height, weight and history of parity were taken. BMD was measured by DEXA. Then relationship between BMD and parity were analysed.Results: In this study, a large number, 79 (43.9%) of participants were in age group of 29-38 years with mean± SD 35.46±6.75 years. Association between BMD and age of the study subjects represented that values of BMD decreased with increasing age (P

Tax compliance behavior has been researched at different times in various parts of the world using various theories. This research has focused on the psychological aspects of tax compliance behavior by applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) proposed by Ajzen. 300 taxpayers were studied using a questionnaire based on Likert scale, and the results were analyzed using structural equation modelling. Results found from SEM approach indicate that subjective norm has a significant influence on tax compliance behavior while intention mediates it and moderated by religion. Attitude and perceived behavioral control were found to have a significant influence on intention. Individual taxpayers are selected from the capital, and thus findings derived from the sample might not be generalizable for all individual taxpayers in Bangladesh. The results of this study might provide some insight to the tax non-compliance problem in Bangladesh and help authorities to design strategies to motivate taxpayers to comply with existing fiscal policies. Tax compliance issues have been explored from various perspectives in Bangladesh. Lack of significant influence on subjective norm toward taxpayer intention indicates that social and peer is yet to make a substantial contribution to improving tax compliance. This study has introduced structural equation modelling technique to explore the moderating influence of religion on individual taxpayers in the context of Bangladesh.

not availableBangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 85-88, January 2015

not availableBangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 73-84, January 2015

The present study was carried out to evaluate the combined effect of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Rhizobium and Sclerotium rolfsii on Grasspea ( Lathyrus sativus ) in the net house of Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during 2014-2015 through 2015-2016. The experiment was designed in RCBD with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Grasspea variety BARI Khesari-1 was used as a test crop. Peat based rhizobial inoculum (BARI RLs-10) was used in this experiment @ 50 g kg -1 seed. The AM fungi used in this experiment were Glomus fusianum, Glomus macrocarpum, Glomus warcuppi, Acaulospora foveata, Acaulospora denticulate, Gigaspora albida, Gigaspora rosea, Glomus spp. etc. Soil based AM inoculum containing about approximate 252 spores and infected root pieces of the host plant was used pot -1 . There were eight treatments viz. T 1 : Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), T 2 : Rhizobium , T 3 : AM + Rhizobium , T 4 : Sclerotium rolfsii , T 5 : Sclerotium rolfsii + AM, T 6 : Sclerotium rolfsii + Rhizobium , T 7 : Sclerotium rolfsii + AM + Rhizobium and T 8 : Control. Dual inoculation (AM + Rhizobium ) significantly increased germination (%), nodule number and dry weight, root colonization by AM fungi and spore population in rhizosphere soils of grasspea compared to single inoculation or any other treatments. Dual inoculation increased germination after 23 DAS (20% in 2014-2015 and 23% in 2015-2016) compared to control. It increased nodule number plant -1 (172% in 2014-2015 and 72% in 2015-2016) over AM treatment, and (112% in 2014-2015 and 26% in 2015-2016) over Rhizobium treatment. It also increased root infection (20% in 2014-2015 and 56% in 2015-2016) over AM treatment, and (200% in 2014-2015 and 100% in 2015-2016) over Rhizobium treatment. It reduced foot and root rot disease (48% in 2014-2015 and 44% in 2015-2016) compared to control. On the contrary, Sclerotium rolfsii + Rhizobium, Sclerotium rolfsii + AM, and Sclerotium rolfsii + AM + Rhizobium reduced 12-17%, 16-20% and 28-31% foot and root rot disease, respectively compared to only Sclerotium rolfsii treatment. Therefore, use of these bio-control agents could be promoted as an active component of bio-intensive Integrated Disease Management Program (IDMP) under organic mode. The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 143-155

A pot experiment was carried out in the nethouse of Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during 2014-2015 through 2015-2016. The design of the experiment was factorial randomized completely block design with 4 replications. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the potential of Arbuscular mycorrhization (AM) on the germination, yield and yield attributes of lentil treated with different concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl). Five NaCl treatments (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) possessed NaCl level as the first factor that were treated with soils before sowing of lentil seeds overriding or pivotal pulse crop in Bangladesh. The second factor consists of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatments. Mycorrhizal plants showed better performance in terms of germination %, yield and yield contributing characters than non-mycorrhizal plants. With increasing NaCl concentration germination %, yield and yield contributing characters in the rhizosphere soil, decreased significantly (p

Radiation safety culture in health care considers radiation protection of patients, health workers and the general public. Radiation protection is the science and art of protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation in medical imaging is one of the powerful diagnostic tools, and accurate knowledge of radiation protection will affect the radiological technologists? safety behaviors during practice. This is a preliminary descriptive study aimed to evaluate radiological technologist knowledge and performance towards radiation protection during their working time. Total of 75 radiology technologists who work in various hospitals were participated in this study and data was collected through well-structured pretested self-administered questionnaire. Among 75 radiology technologist responded to this study, there were 75% male and 25% female and education qualification for most of them were Diploma (80.7%) level. Moreover the study did not find any relation between level of education of participants and work expertise with their knowledge around necessity performance of periodical examination. According to data analysis, there was no significant relation between awareness of radiation safety, performance and work experience. In this study there were (75%) male and (25%) female and most of them had no bachelor degree (about 80%). Regarding radiation protection and awareness, majority of the participants (98.7%) only know that doors and walls should be well shielded, they should wear personal monitoring devices during work time to monitor the individual dose limit and their devices used to check periodically providing assurance that dose limits are not exceeded. But most of radiology technologists are very unconscious about patient safety. Only 10% of respondents have some knowledge on ALARA Principle and ionizing radiation. It was also warning that only 72% of respondent technologists use to wear lead apron during their work. It is due to lack of awareness among professionals and patients regarding the potential harmful effects of unintended medical exposure. These may be caused by insufficient knowledge of the risks and relevant contributing factors among medical professionals, regulatory and public health authorities. Justification of the study: Radiology technologist should always adhere to radiation protection/safety protocols in their daily practices, they could protect themselves and patients from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Research ouestion: How much knowledge and awareness does a radiology technologist have to protect himself, patient, public and environment from ionizing radiation (x-ray)? Objective: Hospitals are medical institutions that contain a lot of risk factors. One of these factors is that employees, general public and patients are exposed to ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge and awareness level of radiology technologist regarding radiation safety and to emphasize the level of knowledge towards radiation safety.

The effect of different sources of Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi on cabbage seedlings (Atlas-70) were conducted. Eight sources of AM fungi viz. Jessore (AM-01), Rahmatpur (AM-02), Joydebpur (AM-03), Ullapara (AM-04), Jamalpur (AM-05), Hathazari (AM-06), Ishurdi (AM-07), Rajshahi (AM-08) from different AEZs of Bangladesh were studied along with a control and mixed sources on cabbage seedlings. Soil based AM inoculum at the rate of 2.0 kg m-2 was used. Biomass yield of cabbage (Atlas-70) increased from 28.0% to 130.7% in 2007-08 and 44.8% to 96.9% in 2008-09 over control by inoculation with different sources of AM. The highest biomass yield (503 mg seedling-1 in 2007-08 and 321 mg seedling-1 in 2008-09) of cabbage was observed with Jamalpur source which was identical to all AM source except Ishurdi source in 2007-08 and with Joydebpur source which was identical to all Jamalpur source in 2008-09. Uptake of all the nutrients by cabbage seedlings was also improved by inoculation with AM fungi. The AM fungi from all the sources appeared to be effective in enhancing the growth and development of cabbage seedlings.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 2, Dec 2012, pp 90-96

An experiment on the effect of rate of arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculum in producing tomato seedlings (var. Ratan) were conducted in the seedbed of Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2007-08 and 2008-09. Seven rates of AM inoculum viz. 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 kg m-2 were studied on tomato seedlings. Cowdung was used at the rate of 5 kg m-2 as basal. Seeds were sown in 10 cm apart solid lines on 13 November 2007 and 11 November 2008, and the seedlings were thinned down to about 3 cm from seedling to seedling within a week of germination. Ratan was used as the variety of tomato. Biomass yield, seedling height and nutrient uptake by tomato seedlings increased greatly with the use of AM inoculum. Biomass yield of tomato seedlings followed quadratic trend with the increase of AM inoculum rate from 0 to 1.0 kg m-2 in 2007-08 and 0 to 2.0 kg m-2 in 2008-09.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 2, Dec 2012, pp 104-108

Background: There is no maximum limit for cumulative dose of I-131 for persistent disease in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients. However, most remissions are obtained with cumulative activity equal to or lower than 600 mCi (22 GBq). On the other hand a significantly increased risk of leukemia and secondary cancers has been reported with high cumulative dose of I-131 (? 600 mCi). Above this cumulative activity further radioiodine therapy should be taken on an individualized basis.Objective: The aim of the study was to see the outcome of patients with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma receiving a cumulative doses (CDs) of ? 600 mCi I-131.Patient and Method: A retrospective study of 72 patients with DTC receiving a CDs of ?600 mCi I-131 in the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS), Dhaka during the period of January 1994 up to December 2007 was carried out. Initially all patients were treated by thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy as adjusted by standard protocol. The mean period of follow up was 8.9 ± 6 years. From the medical files, age, gender, histopathological variant, thyroid remnant and radio ablation doses, follow up data were recorded. Age was further categorized as 5 doses to find its association with status on last follow up. Disease free (DF) was established as: undetectable or suppressed serum Tg levels

Soybean plants require high amounts of nitrogen, which are mainly obtained from biological nitrogen fixation. A field experiment was conducted by soybean (Glycine max) genotypes, growing two varieties (Shohag and BARI Soybean6) and two advanced lines (MTD10 and BGM02026) of soybean with or without Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 inoculation. Soybean plants of all genotypes inoculated with Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 produced greater nodule numbers, nodule weight, shoot and root biomass, and plant height than non-inoculated plants. Similarly, inoculated plants showed enhanced activity of nitrogenase (NA) enzyme, contributing to higher nitrogen fixation and assimilation, compared to non-inoculated soybean plants in both years. Plants inoculated with Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 also showed higher pod, stover, and seed yield than non-inoculated plants. Therefore, Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 established an effective symbiotic relationship with a range of soybean genotypes and thus increased the nodulation, growth, and yield of soybean grown in gray terrace soils in Bangladesh.

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is a leguminous cover crop that is generally used as a green manure to sustain soil health in arable land. Molybdenum (Mo) acts as a cofactor for the nitrogenase (NA) and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymes, which are important for nitrogen (N) fixation, nitrate reduction and N transport in plants. In this study, we applied various doses of Mo to soil to evaluate their efficacy on nodulation, nodule characteristics and biomass production of hairy vetch. Mo application increased the number and size of nodules and NA and NR enzyme activity in hairy vetch. This increase in enzyme activity increased N assimilation and led to higher biomass yield. Plants grown in soil that received 0.5 mg Mo kg−1 showed optimal physical and biochemical properties in nodules, and these properties may explain the increased N fixation in hairy vetch. Higher Mo doses (1.0 mg kg−1) led to the deterioration of nodule structure and, hence, reduced enzymatic activity in plants. The 16S rRNA gene seq...

Patients with follicular carcinoma of thyroid may have asymptomatic involvement of adrenal gland and associated metastases to other organs, which may remain undetected for long time if not diagnosed, treated and followed up properly. A very rare case of adrenal metastasis from follicular carcinoma of thyroid, five years after total thyroidectomy is presented. The patient also had synchronous involvement of bones including an unusual site in upper end of left tibia. Here, emphasis is given on awareness of the possibility of unique metastatic deposits of follicular carcinoma of thyroid at unexpected sites as this has a significant impact on clinical decision-making and prognosis of the patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnm.v17i1.22499 Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(1): 97-103, January 2014

Starting as a backward linkage industry, the plastics sector in Bangladesh is achieving aremarkable growth and expansion to become one of the most promising sectors contributing 1.20 per cent of the country's GDP with a total investment of Tk 185.5 billion holding a market share of only 0.01% against the global demands of $590 billion with the ranking of 89 in world exports. Out ofavailable 5,000 plastic industries almost 98 percent belongs to SME. Despite having remarkable achievement with almost 500% growth in export over the past twelve years, Bangladesh plastics industry has been suffering from lack of strategic planned direction towards achieving long-term sustainable inclusive growth. In this study, a thorough analysis of the relevant issues using Triple Triangle Framework (TTF) model helped to understand the competition dynamics of the BangladeshSME Plastic Industry through the identification of challenges and opportunities relevant to the sector.

An experiment on the effect of different sources of Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi on tomato seedlings (var. Roma VF) was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during rabi 2007-08 and 2008-09. Eight sources of AM fungi viz., AM-01 (Jessore), AM-02 (Rahmatpur), AM-03 (Joydebpur), AM-04 (Ullapara), AM-05 (Jamalpur), AM-06 (Hathazari), AM-07 (Ishurdi), and AM-08 (Rajshahi) were studied along with a control and mixed sources on tomato seedlings. Soil based AM inoculum at the rate of 2.0 kg/m2 was used. Biomass yield of tomato (Roma VF) increased from 14.8% to 53.6% in 2007-08 and 32.1% to 58.4% in 2008-09 over control by inoculation with different sources of AM. The highest biomass yield (301 mg/seedling) of tomato (Roma VF) was observed with AM-05 (Jamalpur source), which was higher to all AM sources except AM-07 (Ishurdi source). Nutrient uptake by tomato seedlings was improved by inoculation with AM fungi. The AM fungi from all the sources appeared to be effective in enhancing the growth and development of tomato seedlings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20067 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 23-31, March 2014

A study was conducted to examine the impact of synthetic calcium sulfite (CaSO3 · 0.5H2O) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4 · 2H2O, i.e., gypsum) from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) on soil enzyme activities, used as soil quality indicators, following land application. We used application rates of 0, 1.12 Mg ha−1 of FGD-CaSO3 (CaS-1.12T), 3.36 Mg ha−1 of FGD-CaSO3 (CaS-3.36T), and 1.12 Mg ha−1 of FGD-gypsum (Gyp-1.12T). The field experiments were conducted on a silt loam soil with 1.6 % total C and a pH of 6.5. No crop was grown during the experiment. The concentration of water soluble SO4 2−-S and the associated electrical conductivity (EC) significantly increased during the first 2 weeks following gypsum application but decreased later on (2–4 weeks) due to leaching. There was no significant difference between the Gyp-1.12T and CaS-1.12T treatment after approximately 2 weeks indicating all of the sulfite in the CaS-1.12T treatment was completely oxidized to sulfate. In contrast, the sulfite treated with highest application rate (CaS-3.36T) was not completely oxidized within the 12-week experimental period. Application of FGD-CaSO3 and FGD-CaSO4 did not negatively affect C and N mineralization because β-glucosidase and β-d-glucosaminidase activities did not show any negative change compared with the control. Arylsulfatase activity of the CaS-1.12T treatment markedly declined compared with Gyp-1.12T and control, but then increased after 2 weeks. The arylsulfatase activity reduction, however, persisted for the duration of the experiment in the CaS-3.36T treatment. These activity changes were similar to the observed oxidation pattern of sulfite to sulfate, which indicated that arylsulfatase activity could be used as an indicator for the extent of sulfite oxidation in soil.

The study was grounded in the lived experiences of 13 female and 20 male children of Bangladeshi descent in New York City. It explored how the intersection of ethnicity, gender, generation, and migration shaped the distinctive experiences of the girls as they came of age, straddling the native culture and the host culture. By walking a tightrope between intergenerational continuity of normative gender practice, and change, prompted by egalitarian socialization, they foregrounded educational/career trajectories. Unlike the boys, who acquiesced with the status quo despite its equal opportunity disadvantages, they started rewriting the rules of engagement with patriarchy from this new threshold.

BACKGROUND: The mixtures of legumes and non legumes can be an efficient tool to combine the benefit of the single species in the cover crop practice. However, there is a lack of information on how the species proportion may affect N accumulation and how this can influence the nitrogen use of subsequent rice production. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study barley and hairy vetch was selected as a green manure. The pure stands or mixtures with different seeding ratios was tested on green manure N accumulation and its following rice cultivation. Total aboveground biomass and N accumulation of mixture were higher compared to that of pure barley and hairy vetch. Among the mixtures, the highest aboveground biomass (8.07 Mg/ha) and N accumulation (131 kg/ha) was observed in B75H25 (barley 75% + hairy vetch 25%). The N accumulation of the mixture ranged from 99 kg/ha to 131 kg/ha which was much higher than amount of recommended (90 kg/ha) for rice. All mixture (barley 75%+hairy vetch 25%, barley 50%+hairy vetch 50%, barley 25%+hairy vetch 50%) produced 7-8% more rice yield than the conventional cultivation (NPK). The rice yield of in barley monocrop was 4% less than that of NPK. COLCLUSION(S): Adopting mixtures of barley and hairy vetch could be efficient strategy for rice production as an alternative of nitrogen fertilizer.

BACKGROUND: The nutrient balance in Korea during 1985-2006 had continually increased and maintained the highest levels among OECD countries. The use of green manure crops such as barley and hairy vetch is common practice for reducing chemical fertilizer application and maintaining soil fertility. However, green manure crops can also be used as a livestock feeding material which may reduce nutrient balance in the national scale. We calculated nitrogen and phosphate balance under green manure-rice cultivating system where all green manure was removed and used for feeding livestock. METHODS AND RESULTS: The barley and hairy vetch grown in pure stands or in mixtures with different sowing rates were tested for rice cultivation without chemical fertilization. The conventional fertilization (NPK) for rice cultivation was selected to compare nutrient balance with green manure-rice cultivation. Nitrogen and phosphate balance were calculated according to the surface balance method of the PARCOM guidelines. Total aboveground biomass of mixture (barley and hairy vetch) was higher compared to that of pure barley or hairy vetch. Among the mixture with barley and hairy vetch, the highest aboveground biomass was observed in B75H25 (barley 75%+hairy vetch 25%). The nitrogen and phosphate balance in the B75H25 mixture was-104 kg N/ha and-50.3 kg P/ha, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The barley and hairy vetch mixture proved to be a very effective strategy for biomass production of green manure. The amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer to be applied is estimated to be 104 kg N/ha and 50.3 kg P/ha in order to maintain soil fertility if all green manure and rice straw were removed from rice field for livestock feeding.

Objective: Quantitative assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from radionuclide cardiac imaging study has both diagnostic and prognostic value in coronary artery disease (CAD). Gated SPECT blood pool imaging (GSBPI) and gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (GSMPI) are two technically comparable radionuclide methods for non-invasive measurement of LVEF. While the former is a gold standard the latter is popular as it provides a wider array of information. This study was carried out to bridge the lack in the existing body of evidence regarding assessment of agreement of between GSBPI and GSMPI for measurement of LVEF in CAD. The objective of this study is to validate the LVEF measurements from routine GSMPI as a valuable parameter for clinical decision making through assessment of agreement between GSMPI and GSBPI performed in a short interval, in same patient having CAD.Patients and Methods: A total of 28 patients (three female) was observed with a mean age of 54.5 ± 8.5 years during February to May 2012. All patients underwent GSBPI and GSMPI with a gap of three to seven days in between. LVEF measured by GSBPI performed at rest was compared with LVEF measured in rest phase of one day stress-rest GSMPI. Agreement analysis was done with Bland Altman plot.Results: Mean LVEF measurements show an apparent overall slight underestimation by GSBPI (54.8.9±25) in comparison to GSMPI (56.9±25). Bland Altman plots show that the differences between GSBPI and GSMPI for measurement of LVEF at rest in same patient fall within two SD of the mean difference. This finding remained similar while further categorization of study patients was done on basis of ranges of LVEF, end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), infarct size and regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA).Conclusions: There was overall significant agreement between GSMPI and GSBPI for measurement of LVEF in CAD in this small study. This agreement remains significant irrespective of ranges of LVEF, EDV, ESV, infarct size and RWMA.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 19(2): 128-134, July 2016

Soybean plants require high amounts of nitrogen, which are mainly obtained from biological nitrogen fixation. A field experiment was conducted by soybean (Glycine max) genotypes, growing two varieties (Shohag and BARI Soybean6) and two advanced lines (MTD10 and BGM02026) of soybean with or without Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 inoculation. Soybean plants of all genotypes inoculated with Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 produced greater nodule numbers, nodule weight, shoot and root biomass, and plant height than non-inoculated plants. Similarly, inoculated plants showed enhanced activity of nitrogenase (NA) enzyme, contributing to higher nitrogen fixation and assimilation, compared to non-inoculated soybean plants in both years. Plants inoculated with Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 also showed higher pod, stover, and seed yield than non-inoculated plants. Therefore, Rhizobium sp. BARIRGm901 established an effective symbiotic relationship with a range of soybean genotypes and thus increased the nodulation, growth, and yield of soybean grown in gray terrace soils in Bangladesh.

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is a leguminous cover crop that is generally used as a green manure to sustain soil health in arable land. Molybdenum (Mo) acts as a cofactor for the nitrogenase (NA) and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymes, which are important for nitrogen (N) fixation, nitrate reduction and N transport in plants. In this study, we applied various doses of Mo to soil to evaluate their efficacy on nodulation, nodule characteristics and biomass production of hairy vetch. Mo application increased the number and size of nodules and NA and NR enzyme activity in hairy vetch. This increase in enzyme activity increased N assimilation and led to higher biomass yield. Plants grown in soil that received 0.5 mg Mo kg−1 showed optimal physical and biochemical properties in nodules, and these properties may explain the increased N fixation in hairy vetch. Higher Mo doses (1.0 mg kg−1) led to the deterioration of nodule structure and, hence, reduced enzymatic activity in plants. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and cluster analysis showed that the bacterial isolates found in the nodules of hairy vetch roots belonged to the Rhizobiaceae family and shared high sequence similarity with Rhizobium leguminosarum and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Application of 0.63 mg Mo kg−1 to soil was the optimum dose to maximize the biomass yield of hairy vetch.

BACKGROUND: Hairy ventch (Vicia villosa) is a good green manure for supplying nitrogen in arable soil. Ammonia emission from rice fields can occur, and the degree of this emission can be great. However, quantitative information of ammonia emission from paddy soil using green manure is required to obtain emission factors for rice cropping in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ammonia emission from flooding soil with different application rate of hairy vetch was measured using the closed chamber method. For this study, hairy vetch was applied at rates of 0 (control), 500 (H500), 1000 (H1000), 2000 (H2000), and 3000 (H3000) kg/ha (fresh matter basis). This experiment was conducted for 54 days under flooding condition. The total NH3 emission throughout the experiment period was 0.32, 0.54, 1.20, 4.20, and 6.20 kg/ha for control, H500, H1000, H2000, and H3000, respectively. The ratio of NH3 emission to applied nitrogen by hairy vetch for each treatment was 0.7, 1.4, 3.2, and 3.2% for H500, H1000, H2000, and H3000, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): A very small amount of ammonia emission was recorded in the present study. Therefore, the use of hairy vetch in paddy field instead of chemical fertilizer can reduce ammonia emissions.

BACKGROUND: In Korea, green manure has been cultivated for reducing chemical fertilizer application, maintaining soil fertility, and feeding livestock in winter season. We evaluated the phosphate balance under green manure-rice cultivating system with different removal rates of green manure for maintaining soil fertility. METHODS AND RESULTS: The barley and hairy vetch mixture was selected as the green manure in this study. The barley and hairy vetch was sowed at a rate of 135 and 23 kg/ha, respectively, without fertilizer application. Total aboveground biomass was 12000 (barley: 5400 kg/ha, hairy vetch: 6600 kg/ha) kg/ha, and these green manure were incorporated with different input rates before rice planting. The input rates of green manure in this study were 0 (NPK+0%), 25 (NPK+25%), 50 (NPK+50%), 75 (NPK+75%) and 100 % (NPK+100) and the standard fertilization (NPK) without green manure cultivation. All treatments were applied with standard fertilizer (N-P-K: 90-19.6-48.3 kg/ha) before rice planting. The highest rice yield was observed in NPK+50% which was 20% higher compared with NPK. The phosphate balance with different incorporation rates of green manure was-104.0,-76.8,-52.9,-27.4, and 6.0 kg/ha for NPK+0%, NPK+25%, NPK+50%, NPK+75%, and NPK+100%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The use of green manure for livestock feeding in green manure-rice cropping systems could remove a huge amount of phosphate. This cropping system strongly requires phosphate application before green manure seeding for maintaining soil fertility.

In recent years, the use of Hybrid RANS/LES (HRL) models has become more common in CFD simulations, since HRL models include characteristics of both RANS and LES models to offer more accuracy than RANS in regions of flow separation at a reduced cost relative to LES in attached boundary layers. Although HRL models are widely used in turbulent flow simulations, they have limitations for transitional flow predictions. Most of the HRL models include a fully turbulent RANS model component for boundary layer regions. The small number of HRL models that include transition-sensitive RANS models have issues related to the RANS model itself and to the zonal transition between RANS and LES. In order to address those issues, a new transition-sensitive HRL modeling methodology has been developed that includes a dynamic HRL (DHRL) methodology and a physics-based transition-sensitive RANS model. The feasibility of the transition-sensitive dynamic HRL (TDHRL) model has been investigated by performing numerical simulations of the flow over a PAK-B airfoil at different Reynolds numbers and FSTI conditions. Transient simulations using the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) model and the TDHRL model are performed at Re = 25,000 and Re = 100,000 for low FSTI and Re = 100,000 for high FSTI conditions. Comparison with experimental measurements and DDES model computational results illustrates the potential of TDHRL model for accurately capturing the physics of complex transitional flow phenomena.

Accurate prediction of high Reynolds number flow fields around complex geometries requires turbulence models that have favorable characteristics with regard to numerical stability, computational cost, mesh sensitivity, and accuracy. In order to investigate the feasibility of a new Hybrid RANS/LES (HRL) model with respect to these characteristics, numerical simulations were performed over a rearward facing step at ReH = 37,000 and around a GLC-305 airfoil configured with a 22.5-minute glaze ice accretion at Re = 3.5x10 6 , M = 0.12, and α = 6°. In the case of rearward facing step flow, comparisons were made between simulation results that employed a RANS model (Shear Stress Transport (SST)), the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) model, and the new HRL model. Mean velocity profiles of the new HRL model predictions showed better agreement with experimental data, in comparison with RANS and DDES model predictions. Both RANS and the new HRL model predictions of the turbulent kinetic energy profiles exhibited qualitatively good agreement with the experimental measurements, while the DDES model results agreed less well. Simulations using the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) model, DDES model, and the new HRL model were performed for the flow field analysis of the airfoil with ice shape. Computations of DES, DDES, and new HRL model are still not rigorously comparable to the experiments as these computations have not yet attained statistically stationary flow fields. However, the qualitative assessment of the computations shows that the new HRL model enhances shear layer breakup and rollup in the separated flow region more so than do either DES or DDES.

Objective: The objective of this study was to optimize dose of levothyroxine (LT4) based on lean body mass (LBM) in young athyrotic patients with differentiated carcinoma of thyroid (DCT) which has not been properly addressed in Bangladesh before. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with DCT (age, range: 20-39 years) having total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine ablative therapy (RIT) and 23 euthyroid volunteers were recruited. Clinical, biochemical parameters were obtained from all patients after 2 months of RIT and on LT4 replacement at a dose of 200 μg/day as first follow up visit and also from control subjects. Then 60 patients were divided into two groups consisting of 30 patients each. Patients of Group-I received LT4 replacement based on LBM measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and Group-II continued LT4 replacement in conventional dose. Patients of both groups were assessed again for same parameters at 6 to 12 months at the second visit. Results: Optimized dose of LT4 based on LBM by DXA (131 ±23 μg/day) significantly reduced thyroid hormones and kept thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in expected levels in patients of Group-I at the second visit compared to patients of Group-II who continued conventional LT4 dose (200 μg/day). Hyperthyroid symptom scale (HSS) was significantly reduced to 2 ± 1 in patients of Group-I but not in patients of Group-II, HSS, 8 ±1 ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Optimization of LT4 dose based on LBM can avoid chronic exposure of mild excess of thyroid hormone in young patients with low risk DCT.

Cost and management accounting practices (CMAP) are highly researched area in practical accounting with multi-dimensional considerations. Such considerations come from the intuition of the researchers affected by the internal and external factors generated from contingency framework. CMAP have no structured version like GAAP or IAS. In Bangladesh, the research on CMAP is very rare that made the researchers interested to initiate a research in this area. It will enlarge the scope of further researches benefiting the practitioners to come up with feasible solutions to the problems identified in the research. A semi-structured questionnaire is designed to conduct the field survey. And different descriptive statistical tools are used to present the survey findings. As the research is a preliminary one, the discussions are kept simple and the analysis is kept limited to the extent of highlighting the practices in some selective areas. The research perspective is simply an informative one in nature.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9282BJAR 2011; 36(3): 543-552

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of AM (Arbuscular mycorrhiza) fungi alone and in combination with bioinoculants i.e., Rhizobium to find out the best combination on dry biomass, nodulation, colonization, and yield, along with their biocontrol against groundnut foot and root rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. The study was carried out under pot culture conditions in the net house of the Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur in 2020 and 2021. The experiment was designed in RCBD with eight treatments and four replications. Peat-based rhizobial inoculum (BARI RAh-801) was used @ 1.5 kg ha-1 in this experiment. Soil-based AM inoculum containing approximately 252 spores and infected root pieces of the host plant was used in pot-1. The treatments were Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), Rhizobium, AM+Rhizobium, Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotium rolfsii+AM, Sclerotium rolfsii+Rhizobium, Sclerotium rolfsii+AM+Rhizobium and Control. Dual inoculation (AM+Rhizobium) significantly increased dry biomass, nodulation, colonization, yield, and yield attributes of groundnut compared to single inoculation or other treatments. The result showed that dual inoculation (AMF+Rhizobium) increased nut yield (59.61% in 2020 and 26.32% in 2021) and stover yield (23.21% in 2020 and 33.74% in 2021) compared to control. On the contrary, Sclerotium rolfsii+AMF+Rhizobium increased nut yield (65.50% in 2020 and 52.94% in 2021) and stover yield (36.45% in 2020 and 99.35% in 2021) compared to only Sclerotium rolfsii treatment. The plant dry biomass, nodulation, colonization, nutrient concentration and uptake were increased by dual inoculation under pathogenic and non-pathogenic conditions leading to an improved yield of groundnut. Therefore, AMF species and its combination with rhizobial inoculum were significant in the formation and effectiveness of AM fungi symbiosis. They also increased yield and reduced the incidence of foot and root rot disease in groundnut plants.