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The cognitive, social, and emotional growth of children are all improved when their parents are actively concerned in their early education. The purpose of this research is to examine how parental participation influences children's academic and social-emotional growth in public preschools. Peshawar parents who sent their kids to public school were surveyed using a quantitative methodology that have a questionnaire. The results show that children's academic achievement and social-emotional development benefit from parents' participation in early childhood education. Families in Peshawar who have children enrolled in school are the subjects of the research. Participants were chosen using a convenience sampling method, and there were a total of 476 people in the study's sample. Researchers concluded that public schools should do more to involve parents in their children's early learning.

The goal of this study is to find out how work-family conflict (WFC) affects the quality of service that female school faculty provide. A healthy balance between work and personal life includes both work and personal activities. Because their workloads are getting bigger, it's getting harder for women faculty members to balance work and family life. The gender gap puts more stress on the female faculty, which makes it harder for them to give good care. This study uses a positivist research paradigm to get information from female teachers in Pakistan's Lahore District public schools. The focus of this study is on female teachers from a variety of public schools in District Lahore, Pakistan. For this study, a representative sample of female teachers from 203 public schools in the Lahore District of Pakistan was chosen. Cronbach's Alpha (Sarstedt et al., 2019) ranges from 0.681 to 0.931 and a composite range of 0.826 to 0.954, which shows that the results of this study can be trusted. The Fornell-Larcker criterion (Henseler, 2015), cross-loadings, and heteronormativity are used to figure out whether the results are similar or different. Structured equation modelling (SEQ) is used to look at the data (Cheung & Wang, 2017). This study found that role ambiguity and role conflict at work, as well as interactions between parents and spouses at home, have a negative effect on WFC. People are affected by work pressures, which can lead to job stress and, in the long run, depression. When women in the academic workforce experience WFC, it makes their depression worse. Respondent views of ISQ were average when it came to dependability, empathy, responsiveness, and concreteness (Reynoso et a., 1995). WFC hurts the ISQ of female faculty members because it makes them more likely to get depressed. This study also shows that more research needs to be done using different methods, like qualitative analysis and triangulation. This means that in Pakistan, WFC in female faculty can be studied in both public and private schools. Lastly, the study makes some suggestions for future research on WFC and gives management some tips on how to help the female faculty members raise the ISQ.

Purpose of the study: This paper will discuss the gaps in the current and Islamic education systems, focusing on Indo-Pakistan. Islamic education aims to bring attitudinal changes and build a value system among humans that should transform society by promoting love, peace, equality, purity, integrity, forgiveness, and justice. Methodology: This is descriptive research where Islamic education and Contemporary education have been analyzed. Emphasis has been placed on Indo-Pakistan, the Western education system, and the Islamization of education in Pakistan and its future. Principal Findings: As a state, Pakistan comprises politically, geographically, culturally, linguistically, and educationally diverse people. They cannot trace their origins by calling themselves Arabs or Indians. That conflict is reflected in Pakistan's education system – which has lost its identity to be called either religious or contemporary. The moral and ethical standards to bring any positive behavior change are hardly maintained to groom the graduates in the current education system. The Western education left by the British in the Subcontinent, including Pakistan, has its colonial drawbacks, which need to be addressed. Application of this study: In Pakistan and other Islamic states, it is essential to instill Islamic values within the current education system. One of the viable solutions that could make the Muslim world, including Pakistan, move forward is to accept modern-day learning practices and introduce a hybrid education system. A system that safeguards Islam's values and principles and has rich content of research and development in various fields carried out by the West, irrespective of religious affiliation. This study would benefit researchers and policymakers in framing such an education system. The novelty of this study: The paper frames some recommendations to tailor the existing education system according to the Islamic education system.

Purpose of the study: This article's primary objective was to survey tenured faculty members at the universities in Pakistan to determine their attitudes toward Sustainable Development Goal 4. Methodology: Both quantitative and qualitative research design was adopted for this study. A simple random sampling technique was used to obtain data. Semi-structured interview questionnaires were distributed among 20 tenured public sector university faculty members. The target sample of ten-tenured faculty members was selected from two public sectors, and ten were selected from two private sector universities in District Lahore, Pakistan. Principle findings: The full title of SDG 4 is to 'ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all' (Unterhalter, 2019). When it comes to achieving SDG 4, the opinions of the faculty members are of great importance. Most of the faculty members were familiar with sustainable development to some degree. However, they raised the concern that sustainability and Education must be correctly aligned with the objectives laid down under SDG 4. Application of this study: This study would be helpful in all educational institutes of Lahore. The population for this research consisted of all tenured faculty members of District Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The novelty of this study: The study will go into detail regarding the attitudes professors have toward SDG 4 and the steps that must be taken in the classroom to meet SDG 4's objectives.

The current research in wearable electronics is trending towards miniaturization, portability, integration, and sustainability, with the harvesting of biomechanical energy seen as a promising route to improve the sustainability of these wearable electronics. Efforts have been made to prolong operational life of these harvesters, to overcome energy dissipation, lowering resonant frequency, attaining multi-resonant states as well as widening frequency bandwidth of these biomechanical energy harvesters. Herein, an electromagnetic insole energy harvester (EMIEH), capable of efficiently harvesting low-frequency biomechanical energy, has been designed, fabricated and experimentally tested. The core component in the device is the vibrating circular spiral spring, holding two magnets as the driving force on the central platform of the circular spiral spring, and just in-line with the upper and lower wound coils. It has been shown that the harvester exhibits higher sensitivity to low-frequency external vibrations than conventional cantilever-based designs, and hence allows low impact energy harvesting such as harvesting energy from walking, running and jogging. The experimentally-tested four resonant frequencies occurred at 8.9 Hz, 28 Hz, 50 Hz, and 51 Hz. At the first resonant frequency of 8.9 Hz under base acceleration of 0.6 g, the lower electromagnetic generator can deliver a peak power of 664.36 µW and an RMS voltage of 170 mV to a matching load resistance of 43.5 Ω. The upper electromagnetic generator can contribute an RMS voltage of 85 mV, corresponding to the peak power of 175 µW across 41 Ω under the same experimental condition. Finally, the harvester has been integrated into the shoe and it is able to charge a 100 µF capacitor up to 1 Volt for about 8 minutes foot movement. The result has remarkable significance in the development of wireless body monitoring sensors applications.

This paper presents an electromagnetic energy harvester to extract low frequency and low acceleration vibration energy available in a bridge environment. The developed harvester is a multi-mode oscillator with dual electromagnetic transduction mechanisms. The harvester consists of two cantilever beams. The first cantilever beam is split into two equal pieces along its length and the second beam placed in between them coming back to the fixed end and attached at outer end to the first beam. This way instead of a long conventional cantilever beam a compact harvester is fabricated. Two magnets as proof masses are attached to each free end of the beam making it a two degree of freedom system (2-DOF). The magnets are positioned to oscillate inside hand wound coils during operation. An analytical model was developed and COMSOL multiphysics was used to simulate the mode shapes of the harvester. The mathematical model was simulated for open circuit voltage in MATLAB and showed closely matching results with the experimental values. The harvester is characterized in lab for its performance under sinusoidal vibrations at low frequency (3 Hz–15 Hz) and low acceleration (0.01–0.09 g) levels. The 2-DOF harvester has two resonant frequencies of 4.4 Hz and 5.5 Hz and a volume of 333 cm3. It produces maximum voltage of 0.6 V at first resonance on coil-1 and maximum voltage of 1.2 V on coil-2 at second resonance at 0.09 g. At acceleration of 0.09 g the harvester produced 2.51 mW at first resonant frequency and 10.7 mW at second resonance. Moreover, the AC output voltage of the harvester is rectified to DC voltage by a three-stage Cockcroft-Walton multiplier type circuit. The DC power output at 0.05 g was 0.939 mW at first resonance and 0.956 mW at second resonance while maximum voltages of 5.4 V on coil-1 and 4 V on coil-2 were produced.

We present a dual-comb imaging system that employs a single pseudo-randomly driven electro-optic modulator. The result is a simple, cost-efficient and robust instrument that can be exploited for spatially resolved spectral sensing.

A device for the characterization of hydrocarbons in the mid-infrared using a single-crystal waveguide module and open-path electro-optic dual-comb spectroscopy featuring easy configuration of its characteristics is presented.

We present a dual-comb imaging system based on a single pseudo-randomly driven electro-optic modulator. The result is a cost-efficient and robust fiber-based scheme that can be employed to perform spatially resolved spectral sensing.

The key objective of the research was to find the effect of communicative language teaching (CLT) on descriptive writing skills among 9th graders. Relevant literature revealed that descriptive writing skills can be enhanced with the help of communicative teaching. The Quasi experimental design was used. To conduct the experiment, six classes from two schools were selected conveniently. for gathering data to achieve the intended objective. Communicative lessons were intervention material. Results showed that communicative teaching had a significant effect on 9th graders skills of description in terms of writing. The outcome of research tells that CLT is valuable for educationists. Further, it is recommended for teaching of writing any literary genre.

Due to the rapid proliferation in low-power autonomous wireless electronic systems and gadgets, energy harvesting has gained growing attention over the last couple of years. A wireless system is typically a wireless sensor node (WSN) which comprises a sensor, processing circuit, wireless communication module, microcontroller, on-board memory, and a power supply unit. These WSNs, when operating in conjunction, form a wireless sensor network (WSNW). The finite energy supply from batteries results in repeated recharging or replacement, which is not favorable for a widely spread or a remotely located WSNW. The abundantly available ambient energy in the environment and development in the energy transduction mechanisms by which WSNs can be powered up are the key motivations toward energy harvesting technology. Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEEHs) convert mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy when subjected to mechanical strain, pressure, or force and are used as a power source in WSNs. This chapter introduces PEEHs with respect to device architecture, conversion mechanism, performance parameters, and implementation. The harvesting devices have been compared in terms of generated power, output voltage, resonant frequencies, internal impedance, and base excitation levels to which PEEHs were subjected.

Solar energy is available as the most abundant energy in the universe which can be utilized through solar cells for meeting the power requirements of all biomedical devices used for health betterment. Solar cell of low cost has been chosen as the harvester to be embedded inside human body in order to experience the amount of power it generates while exposed to sunlight. A novel and low cost Solar based human embedded energy harvester (SHEH) is designed, fabricated and tested at indoor and outdoor environment. The power produced by this harvester is greater as compared to other energy scavengers due to availability of sunlight in greater quantity. The harvester having solar cell of an area of 2.64 cm2is embedded inside human skin for experimentation under different light intensity levels. A solar cell is used as sensor made from silicon for generating charge through photovoltaic effect. The solar cell is characterized at indoor and outdoor environment with maximum load voltage of 2.41 V for indoor and 3.03 V for outdoor environment. This energy is enough to meet the power requirement of the implantable device inside human body. The power generated from this harvester lies in the range of 9 mW to 460 mW. Maximum voltage produced by SHEH for outside walk is 2.61 V while for indoor walk is 2.2 V.

We present a novel technology for real-time hyperspectral imaging in the terahertz range based on the use of a dual-comb source that promises to revolutionize most of the performance characteristics of current terahertz imaging systems.

Hyperspectral dual-comb imaging is based on generating two closely matched frequency combs interfering at rates that can be detected by a video camera. The system provides ultrafine spectral and high temporal resolution enabling precision spectroscopic imaging.

In this Letter, we present and experimentally validate the first direct hyperspectral dual-comb gas imaging system operating in the mid-infrared region. This method provides an unmatched combination of super-fine spectral characterization and high temporal resolution without the need for thermal contrast between the target molecules and the background. In a proof-of-concept experiment, the system has allowed us to perform precision hyperspectral imaging of butane in the 3.4 µm band with a time resolution of 1 s. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (TEC2017-86271-R); H2020 European Research Council (777222).

Harvesting biomechanical energy is a viable solution to sustainably powering wearable electronics for continuous health monitoring, remote sensing, and motion tracking. A hybrid insole energy harvester (HIEH), capable of harvesting energy from low-frequency walking step motion, to supply power to wearable sensors, has been reported in this paper. The multimodal and multi-degrees-of-freedom low frequency walking energy harvester has a lightweight of 33.2 g and occupies a small volume of 44.1 cm3. Experimentally, the HIEH exhibits six resonant frequencies, corresponding to the resonances of the intermediate square spiral planar spring at 9.7, 41 Hz, 50 Hz, and 55 Hz, the Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) beam-I at 16.5 Hz and PVDF beam-II at 25 Hz. The upper and lower electromagnetic (EM) generators are capable of delivering peak powers of 58 &micro, W and 51 &micro, W under 0.6 g, by EM induction at 9.7 Hz, across optimum load resistances of 13.5 Ω and 16.5 Ω, respectively. Moreover, PVDF-I and PVDF-II generate root mean square (RMS) voltages of 3.34 V and 3.83 V across 9 MΩ load resistance, under 0.6 g base acceleration. As compared to individual harvesting units, the hybrid harvester performed much better, generated about 7 V open-circuit voltage and charged a 100 &micro, F capacitor up to 2.9 V using a hand movement for about eight minutes, which is 30% more voltage than the standalone piezoelectric unit in the same amount of time. The designed HIEH can be a potential mobile source to sustainably power wearable electronics and wireless body sensors.

Even though dual-comb-based systems are employed almost routinely nowadays in an ever-increasing number of applica-tions, an efficient combination of this effective technique withan imaging arrangement, which would undoubtedly revolu-tionize hyperspectral imaging, had not yet been demonstrated. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first hyperspectral dual-comb imaging system in which interferograms are directly detected by a video camera. The system, based on a dual-comb scheme capable of consistently generating interfer-ograms at a rate of 1 Hz and below, combines fast hyperspectral imaging with unprecedented optical resolution and fully multiplex operation. Various proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating hyperspectral imaging of molecular resonances have proved that the direct hyperspectral dual-comb imaging method presented here is capable of characterizing a scene with super-fine resolution in a narrow optical span within 1 s. European Commission (ATTRACT project Grant Agreement 777222)

The study investigated family interference with work conflict (FIW) among female teachers based on selected demographic variables and its impact on their job performance; with job performance as the dependent variable and FIW the independent variable. The data was gathered from 295 female teachers from fifteen FEF girls’ degree colleges across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through a survey questionnaire of 42 closed-end items on five-point Likert scale. Of the total 295 teachers, 220 respondents including 177 married and 43 unmarried returned the questionnaire. The findings divulged that the teachers faced FIW with different magnitude based on various demographic factors and has an adverse impact on their job performance. The findings are useful for researchers, policy makers, teacher and employers as they give an insight into the female teachers’ problems in their efforts of balancing their roles in family and work domains

In this paper a novel multimodal hybrid bridge energy harvester (HBEH) using combined piezoelectric and electromagnetic conversion is reported. The architecture, fabrication, and characterization of the harvester is discussed. The devised HBEH consists of a permanent magnet, a wound coil, a piezoelectric plate, an airfoil, and two cantilever beams attached to a base support frame. The upper cantilever is holding a permanent magnet and an airfoil as tip mass. A piezoelectric plate is bonded on this beam near its fixed end. On the other hand, the lower beam holds a wound coil. The coil is adjusted in such a way that it is in-line and close to the permanent magnet. The harvester is capable of converting bridge vibrations and ambient wind energy into useful electrical energy to operate wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) for the health monitoring of bridges. Experimentally, the HBEH operated at three, low frequency resonant modes, ranging from 11 to 45 Hz, concentrated around 11, 38 and 43 Hz. Moreover, under sinusoidal base acceleration of 0.6 g, the harvester produced a maximum power of 2214.32 µW across a matching impedance of 28 Ω from its electromagnetic portion at 1st resonance (11.1 Hz). However, a peak power of 155.7 µW was generated by the harvester from its piezoelectric part under 0.4 g base excitation across 130 kΩ load resistance. Furthermore, at 6 m/s pulsating wind speed, the harvester generated load voltages of 25 mV and 114 mV from its electromagnetic and piezoelectric portions when connected to optimum load impedance of 28 Ω and 130 kΩ respectively.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel electromagnetic-based acoustic energy harvester (EH) for the application of wireless autonomous sensors. Design/methodology/approach The developed acoustic EH comprises a Helmholtz resonator (HR), a suspension system that consists of a flexible membrane and a permanent magnet, a couple of coils and a coil holder. Furthermore, the HR, used in the harvester, is designed for a specific resonant frequency based on simulation carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics®. Findings The developed harvester is tested both in lab under harmonic sound pressure levels (SPLs) and in real environment under random SPLs. In lab, when exposed to 100 dB SPL, the harvester generated a peak power of 212 µW. Furthermore, in real environment in vicinity of electric generator, the harvester produced an output voltage of about 110 mV collectively from its both coils. Originality/value In this paper, a novel geometric configuration for electromagnetic-based acoustic EH is proposed. In the developed harvester, two coils are placed in it to achieve enhanced electrical output from it for the first time.

This article presents the development of multi-mode vibration based electromagnetic type micro power generator (MPG). Along the stainless steel planar spring (SPS) and magnet assembly, a movable coil (MC) is a novel addition to the resonant frequencies of the device. The design with MCs on either side of the magnet provide higher power generation for the same footprint of the device at multiple modes. Computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine, wire-cut electric discharge machine (EDM) and 3D printer are used to fabricate the MCs, SPS and spacers respectively to yield a MPG with an overall volume of 29.03 cm3. The developed MPG is characterized to generate power at four different resonant frequencies below 100 Hz. At 3rd mode (82 Hz) the developed MPG is able to produce a maximum 33 mV open circuit voltage, 14.5 mV load voltage and a power of 68.4 μW. Furthermore, the present development and experimentation of the MPG with a yielded power density of 2.35 μW/cm3 at 2 g acceleration can be regarded as guidelines for multi-mode devices.

Health monitoring is considered for the maintenance of the various industrial systems. The machine condition monitoring is necessary to predict any functional abnormality and to timely perform the necessary maintenance activities. In this paper, internet of things (IoT) based system is designed for the electrical motor. The electrical motor health is monitored by measuring the parameters such as vibration, current and temperature. It can be measured through the sensors, like accelerometer, current sensor and thermocouple. The signals of these sensors are sent to the webserver through Wi-Fi module where it can be accessible to the receiver in any part of the globe where the internet is available. To avoid the limitation of the internet, the signals of these sensors were also sent to the receiver through global system for mobile (GSM) because it can also work in the areas where the internet is not available. The sensors are attached to the microcontroller and the microcontroller is programmed to get the required results. The signals coming from the sensor were also analyzed through DAQ card. These signals are monitored and are used to identify the fault in the electric motor.

This paper presents the design, simulation and fabrication of a radio frequency (RF) energy harvester for the charging of low power portable biomedical devices. A receiver single patch antenna is modeled, simulated and fabricated which operates in industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band. Moreover, a two stage rectifying and voltage doubler circuit is designed and fabricated which rectified the harvested voltage signal into DC voltage. Furthermore, a matching circuit is also produced for the purpose of delivering higher power to the rectifying circuit. The simulation of receiver antenna has been done with computer simulation technology (CST) software while rectifying circuit has been simulated with an advance design system (ADS) software. A DC voltage of 5.3 V is achieved in simulation which is enough to operate low power biomedical devices. Moreover, the efficiency of different rectifying circuits has been studied and it is found that at 0 dBm the rectifier circuit gives the maximum efficiency of 64%.

This paper shows modeling and simulation of a circular plate type gas flow based piezoelectric energy harvester using COMSOL multiphysics. The harvester can be used for powering wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) utilized in the pipeline's monitoring system. The simulated piezoelectric energy harvester has a unimorph piezoelectric plate having a cylindrical proof mass. The effect of varying the geometrical dimension and boundary and load conditions on the maximum plate deflection, stress, and generated voltage were investigated. The simulation result shows that the plate deflection, generated voltage, and stress produced in the device increases with the increase in applied flow pressure amplitude. An energy harvester with substrate diameter of 27 mm, piezoelectric diameter of 20 mm, overall thickness 0.45 mm and with a proof mass of 22.3 g generates 1.22 V electric potential and 13.8 µW power when 1724 Pa of fluid pressure amplitude is applied. The maximum deflection at the proof mass of the plate is 5.48 µm and maximum stress is 6.87 MPa under the above condition.