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Since Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a problematic parasitic infection in the west of Iran, this study was carried out to clarify the epidemiological aspects of Cl. Our database includes all Cl cases with detailed information during 2014–2018 in Ilam province, west of Iran. Patients referred to health and clinical centers in our study areas then health providers and laboratory technicians took smears to detect leishmania parasites under light microscope. SPSS24 software used for analyzing data by the Chi square test. Mehran and Dehloran districts were alone accounted for 50% of all reported cases. ≥ 36 age group was dominant cases also housekeepers were at the top of categories in case of occupation. Hand and leg entangled with this infection more than other organs. Moreover, most cases observed in the winter season, and lesions were 1–3 cm in size. Apart from decreasing Cl cases in our study location compared to 2014, building debris around the urban area should be cleaned up concerning standards of hygiene in each phase to keep rodents away. Additionally, citizens at the land border of Iran-Iraq should protect themselves from sand fly biting at least by insect repellent at peak travel times.

BACKGROUND: Every year many people around the world become infected with food-borne infections. Insufficient knowledge and skills related to food safety and hygiene are among the factors affecting the incidence of food-borne diseases, especially in adolescents.AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and practices associated with food safety and hygiene in Ilam city male adolescents.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three hundred and eighty of male adolescents aged 13 to 19 were selected randomly and entered the cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire From December 2016 to February 2017. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyse the data in SPSS software (version 19.0).RESULTS: The findings of the study showed a positive and significant relationship between knowledge and practices related to food safety and hygiene (r = 0.122; p = 0.018). Also, the findings showed that food safety knowledge and practice of adolescents were significantly affected by the level of their education, parental education level, parental employment status and household economic conditions, (p < 0.005). Also, the results showed that the participants generally obtained 57.74% of the knowledge score and 57.63% of practices score. The subjects had the most knowledge about food supply and storage (60%), and the highest practice was related to personal and environmental hygiene, (61.73%).CONCLUSION: The inadequacy of knowledge and performance of adolescents about food safety and hygiene shows the need for implementation of health education interventions in this area.

Introduction: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a Zoonosis disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of educational intervention on practice improvement of employees in healthcare centers and meat distribution centers of Ilam province in relation to Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever. Materials and methods: Participants in present quasi-experimental study were 200 employees of healthcare centers and 75 workers of meat distribution centers that were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected at baseline and 6-weeks after intervention using two 38-item and 50-item questionnaires. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software. P

Objective To assess the larvicidal efficacy of five different extracts of Nerium oleander L. ( N. oleander ) against malaria mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi ( An. stephensi ), to combat disease. Methods The acetone, benzene, petroleum ether, chloroform, and aqueous extracts from leaves and flowers of N. oleander were subjected to distillation process in a Clevenger type glass apparatus model soxhlet. Larvicidal bioassays were performed to determine their LC 50 and LC 90 values, regression equation, and 95% confidence with lower and upper limits were calculated using probit analysis. Mortality effect was recorded after 24 h. Results The data indicated that there were significant differences in the lethality (LC 50 , LC 90 ) values of An. stephensi mosquito larvae among most of the various extracts with their controls. The order of potency with five different concentrations of flower extracts was benzene>chloroform> acetone>petroleum>water. The order of potency with similarly five different concentrations of leaf extracts was chloroform>petroleum>benzene>water>acetone. Conclusions It was concluded that there was an overall lethal effect of N. oleander extracts against mosquito, An. stephensi larvae which could be manipulated to develop a safe and effective larvicide.