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Background: Reverse the fat accumulation and to improve body contouring with more safely than invasive procedures has become a necessary therapeutic approach, but little detailed when using LED photobiomodulation., Aims: To evaluate an application protocol with two different wavelengths (red and infrared LED) consecutively in the abdomen region alone or associated with the dermocosmetics application with lipolytic properties., Methods: Ninety patients with a significant amount of adipose tissue in the abdomen region were selected and randomized into three groups: Sham (SG), in which patients received a simulation of the treatment; LED (LG), in which participants received the application with LED; LED with dermocosmetic (LDG), in which the participants underwent a combination of LED and dermocosmetic treatment. The following assessments were carried out: anthropometric data (weight, height, perimetry, and adipometry); ultrasound examination to adipose layer; patient satisfaction questionnaire; histology of a donated a tissue sample., Results: The main findings were a decrease in umbilical perimetry, a significant decrease in the body fat layer determined by ultrasound and significant histological changes that indicated an improvement in the appearance of the skin and an increase in the amount of macrophages in the subcutaneous layer. Histological data also showed an improvement in the appearance of the skin with an increase in collagen deposition and an increase in macrophages in the subcutaneous layer., Conclusions: The LED phototherapy application protocol, both alone and in association with the dermocosmetic, with the emission of two consecutive wavelengths, was effective in reducing the fat tissue in the abdomen region., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The sample comprised 44 volunteers who had undergone some surgical procedure and were equally divided into four groups. G1 started the therapy 24 h after the surgical procedure with the device off. G2 followed the same time pattern, 24 h, but with the device turned on. G3 and G4 started therapy three days after the surgical procedure; in G3, the device was turned off, and in G4, the device remained on during therapy; each session lasted 30 min, using 660 nm (red), energy 180 J. For all groups, the therapy started with daily use for seven days and followed the interval use of three times a week until completed 21 days. The revaluation was performed after 7 and 21 days. The results found show changes in HR at rest, systolic and diastolic BP, and in peripheral oxygen saturation, which showed a significant difference in the groups that used on-therapy (p < 0.05). In the MCGILL Scale evaluation, the mean total score showed a more accentuated drop in the groups that used ILIB, (p < 0.05). ILIB may have prevented a more significant evolution of firosis levels; however, no changes were observed in the evaluation of sleep and anxiety. The application of the ILIB in patients undergoing plastic surgery was supported in terms of hemodynamics and pain; in addition, starting the ILIB application 24 h after the procedure proved to be more advantageous., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

This study evaluated the effects of laser application of diverse wavelengths applied simultaneously and on different skins. The sample included two participants, a woman with light skin with abdominal hair and a woman with dark skin and hair on the inner part of the lower limbs, who received a laser therapy session. After 45 days from laser application, abdominoplasty and thigh dermolipectomy surgery were performed. In the control sample, the hair follicles were in the anagen phase, showing the presence of Bcl-2 expression. In the treated areas, follicles were observed in an advanced phase (telogen), with the presence of CK-18 and negativity of Bcl-2, highlighting the phase of hair loss at that moment and the complete apoptosis of the investigated follicle. Significant difference was observed in the comparison of the anagen phase ( p  = .00) and it similarly occurred in the comparison of the telogen phase ( p  = .00). The presence of a greater amount of follicles in the anagen phase in the control area and follicles in the telogen phase in the treated area demonstrates the efficiency of the laser at different wavelengths when reaching different skin phototypes and hair thickness, being reinforced by apoptosis and cell proliferation markers. Therefore, the hair-removal process has been optimized with various laser wavelengths.

Objective: This study analyzed the histological and immunohistochemical changes in hair follicles submitted to epilation with light-emitting diode (LED). Background: The use of specific wavelengths of LED leads to the absorption of photons by chromophore tissues, enabling different photophysical and photochemical events, bringing therapeutic benefits such as removing body hair. Methods: The sample included five participants, with phototypes II-V, divided into two groups. The volunteers received a session of epilation with the Holonyak ® device on the pubic region and right groin, whereas the contralateral side was kept as a control. An energy of 10 J and a cooling temperature of -5°C were used, after which the pain provoked by the equipment was questioned using the analogue pain scale. After 45 days, the punching procedure was performed in the region where skin samples were taken for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: For all phototypes, in the treated area, the follicles and sebaceous glands were in a stage of involution, showing perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate with changes suggestive of apoptosis. The apoptosis process was confirmed by the increase in markers cytokeratin-18 and cleaved caspase 3, in addition to the reduced expression of Blc-2, and the lower cell proliferation (Ki67), reinforcing the action of LED based on the definite involution and resorption of the follicle, through macrophages (CD68) triggered by the inflammatory process. Conclusions: The preliminary results of this study found relevant histological changes and immunohistochemical markers in the epilation process, which may indicate the efficacy of LED in permanent hair removal.

Objectives: The authors aimed to evaluate clinical and histological changes induced by Fractional Radiofrequency (FRF) and microneedling in vulvar tissue., Methods: Thirty postmenopausal women were randomly divided into G1 (FRF) and G2 (microneedling) groups. Sub-ablative FRF was executed using disposable fractionated electrodes with an intensity of 8 mJ. Microneedling was performed using a derma roller system. The authors evaluated before and after treatment using the Vaginal Laxity Questionnaire (VLQ), EuroQol Five-Dimensional (EQ-5D) questionnaire, and the Blatt and Kupperman Menopausal Index (BKMI). Additionally, the authors performed biopsies of the labia majora for histological analysis pre- and post-treatment. Data were expressed as mean (± standard deviation). A paired t-test was used for intra-group comparison (pre- and post-treatment), with an independent t-test used to compare intergroup data (both pre- and post-treatment)., Results: In the G1 group, the VLQ values showed differences compared to the pre-treatment values with the data obtained 60 days after the beginning of the sessions (p = 0.01). Similarly, the data changes of the G2 group proved to be significant (p = 0.001) across the same time interval. In comparing the groups, VLQ values were not different (p > 0.05). Regarding histological analysis, FRF demonstrated improvement concerning the number of fibroblasts, blood vessels, and fatty degeneration (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Additionally, FRF and microneedling samples showed higher type III collagen and vimentin expression in the immunohistochemical analysis (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: The therapies were found to be effective in treating the flaccidity of the female external genitalia. Additionally, histological changes were observed after interventions suggesting collagen remodeling., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 HCFMUSP. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background: Plate cryolipolysis is a method of applying cooling without a vacuum system, which can be used in regions with less possibility of skin suction or fibrosis., Objective: To investigate the effects of cryolipolysis with the use of plate-shaped applicators (CrioPlaceTM) for localized fat treatment., Methods: The sample consisted of men aged 20 to 45 years with complaints of localized adiposity in the abdominal region and flanks. Two plates were positioned in the flank and abdomen regions, respectively. They received two 60-min applications in the temperature of -2°C. The anthropometric, thermographic and ultrasound assessments were performed, and a satisfaction questionnaire was applied after treatment. The re-evaluations occurred 30 and 60 days after the first intervention., Result: A reduction in adiposity was observed in flank region plicometry (p<0.05) and abdominal and flank ultrasound (p < 0.05). About 66.7% of the volunteers reported less water retention, about 41.7% reported that their clothes were looser, and 100% reported overall satisfaction. Fifty percent rated the treatment as excellent and 58.3% felt improvement in overall aesthetics., Conclusion: The CrioPlaceTM method was effective in reducing localized adiposity, with clinical satisfaction of measurement reduction, both in plicometry and ultrasound analyses, with highlights to the flank region results.

BACKGROUND: Cryofrequency combines cryotherapy with radiofrequency, reaching the tissue in different layers, providing various biological effects, and reducing localized adiposity. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the efficacy of cryofrequency in reducing localized adiposity. METHODS: The study population consisted of 63 women with infra-abdominal adiposity, evaluated before and after treatment using evaluation protocols, questionnaires, and ultrasound imaging. The volunteers were randomly distributed into three subgroups; of these, Group 1 (G01) received the cryofrequency treatment (temperature of -10°C, 85% power); Group 2 (G02) underwent cryofrequency associated with ultracavitation (frequency of 60 Hz, 70% power, shooting at 25%, duty cycle of 60% on and 40% off); and the control group (CG) received cryotherapy alone (temperature of -10°C). All groups were submitted to four treatment sessions, one session per week. RESULTS: The reduction in the fat layer analyzed by ultrasonography showed that the right side of G01 presented a significant difference in comparison with CG ( p =0.01); a significant difference was also observed in the comparison between the G01 and G02 groups ( p =0.001). Considering the left side, significant differences were observed in G01 when compared with CG ( p =0.01) and between G01 and G02 ( p =0.001). The variables of plicometry and perimetry presented a significant difference relative to in CG; however, no differences were observed with regard to weight or body mass index ( p >0.05). The majority of participants reported positive feelings about the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The cryofrequency protocol alone led to a significant reduction in the fat layer but its association with ultracavitation led to superior results., Competing Interests: FUNDING:No funding was provided for this study. DISCLOSURES:The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article., (Copyright © 2020. Matrix Medical Communications. All rights reserved.)