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Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of low-mass stars undergo strong tidal effects that modify their spin states. These planets are expected to host dense atmospheres that can also play an important role in the spin evolution. On one hand, gravitational tides tend to synchronise the rotation with the orbital mean motion, but on the other hand, thermal atmospheric tides push the rotation away and may lead to asynchronous equilibria. Here, we investigate the complete tidal evolution of Earth-like planets by taking into account the effect of obliquity and eccentric orbits. We adopted an Andrade rheology for the gravitational tides and benchmarked the unknown parameters with the present rotation of Venus. We then applied our model to Earth-like planets, and we show that asynchronous rotation can be expected for planets orbiting stars with masses between 0.4 and 0.9 $M_\odot$ and semi-major axes between 0.2 and 0.7 au. Interestingly, we find that Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of stars with masses $\sim 0.8$ $M_\odot$ may end up with an equilibrium rotation of 24 hours. We additionally find that these planets can also develop high obliquities, which may help sustain temperate environments., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables

We propose and demonstrate a generative deep learning approach for the shape recognition of an arbitrary object from its acoustic scattering properties. The strategy exploits deep neural networks to learn the mapping between the latent space of a two-dimensional acoustic object and the far-field scattering amplitudes. A neural network is designed as an Adversarial autoencoder and trained via unsupervised learning to determine the latent space of the acoustic object. Important structural features of the object are embedded in lower-dimensional latent space which supports the modeling of a shape generator and accelerates the learning in the inverse design process.The proposed inverse design uses the variational inference approach with encoder and decoder-like architecture where the decoder is composed of two pretrained neural networks, the generator and the forward model. The data-driven framework finds an accurate solution to the ill-posed inverse scattering problem, where non-unique solution space is overcome by the multifrequency phaseless far-field patterns. This inverse method is a powerful design tool that does not require complex analytical calculation and opens up new avenues for practical realization, automatic recognition of arbitrary shaped submarines or large fish, and other underwater applications., Comment: 43 pages, 19 figures

Non-Hermitian systems offer new platforms for unusual physical properties that can be flexibly manipulated by redistribution of the real and imaginary parts of refractive indices, whose presence breaks conventional wave propagation symmetries, leading to asymmetric reflection and symmetric transmission with respect to the wave propagation direction. Here, we use supervised and unsupervised learning techniques for knowledge acquisition in non-Hermitian systems which accelerate the inverse design process. In particular, we construct a deep learning model that relates the transmission and asymmetric reflection in non-conservative settings and proposes sub-manifold learning to recognize non-Hermitian features from transmission spectra. The developed deep learning framework determines the feasibility of a desired spectral response for a given structure and uncovers the role of effective gain-loss parameters to tailor the spectral response. These findings pave the way for intelligent inverse design and shape our understanding of the physical mechanism in general non-Hermitian systems.

We present here how a coherent perfect absorber-laser (CPAL) enabled by parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$)-symmetry breaking may be exploited to build monochromatic amplifying devices for flexural waves. The fourth order partial differential equation governing the propagation of flexural waves leads to four by four transfer matrices, and this results in physical properties of the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry specific to elastic plate systems. We thus demonstrate the possibility of using CPAL for such systems and we argue the possibility of using this concept to detect extremely small-scale vibration perturbations with important outcomes in surface science (imaging of nanometer vibration) and geophysics (improving seismic sensors like velocimeters). The device can also generate finite signals using very low exciting intensities. The system can alternatively be used as a perfect absorber for flexural energy by tailoring the left and right incident wave for energy harvesting applications., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

In this work we theoretically propose scattering cancellation-based cloaks for heat waves that obey the Maxwell-Cattaneo equation. The proposed cloaks possess carefully tailored diffusivity to cancel the dipole scattering from the object that they surround, and thus can render a small object invisible in the near and far fields, as demonstrated by full-wave finite-element simulations. Mantle heat cloaking is further analyzed and proposed to simplify the design and bring this cloaking technology one step closer to its practical implementation, with promising applications in nanoelectronics and defense related applications., Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures

We explore broadband and omnidirectional low frequency sound screening based on locally resonant acoustic metamaterials. We show that the coupling of different resonant modes supported by Fabry-Perot cavities can efficiently generate asymmetric lineshapes in the transmission spectrum, leading to a broadband sound opacity. The Fabry-Perot cavities are space-coiled in order to shift the resonant modes under the diffraction edge, which guaranty the opacity band for all incident angles. Indeed, the deep subwavelength feature of the cavities leads to avoid diffraction that have been proved to be the main limitation of omnidirectional capabilities of locally resonant perforated plates. We experimentally reach an attenuation of few tens of dB at low frequency, with a metamaterial thickness fifteen times smaller than the wavelength (lambda / 15). The proposed design can be considered as a new building block for acoustic metasurfaces having a high level of manipulation of acoustic waves., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures

Surface plasmons polaritons were thought to exist only in metals near their plasma frequencies. The concept of spoof plasmons extended the realms of plasmonics to domains such as radio frequencies, magnetism, or even acoustic waves. Here, we introduce the concept of localized surface platonic modes (SPMs). We demonstrate that they can be generated on a two-dimensional clamped (or stress-free) cylindrical surface, in a thin elastic plate, with subwavelength corrugations under excitation by an incident flexural plane wave. Our results show that the corrugated rigid surface is elastically equivalent to a cylindrical scatterer with negatively uniform and dispersive flexural rigidity. This, indeed, suggests that plasmonic-like platonic materials can be engineered with potential applications in various areas including earthquake sensing, or elastic imaging and cloaking., Comment: 29 pages, 5 figures

We present in this paper a theoretical and numerical analysis of bending waves localized on the boundary of a platonic crystal whose building blocks are split ring resonators (SRR). We first derive the homogenized parameters of the structured plate using a three-scale asymptotic expansion in the linearized biharmonic equation. In the limit when the wavelength of the bending wave is much larger than the typical heterogeneity size of the platonic crystal, we show that it behaves as an artificial plate with an anisotropic effective Young modulus and a dispersive effective mass density. We then analyze dispersion diagrams associated with bending waves propagating within an infinite array of SRR, for which eigen-solutions are sought in the form of Floquet-Bloch waves. We finally demonstrate that this structure displays the hallmarks of All-Angle-Negative-Refraction(AANR) and it leads to superlensing and ultrarefraction effects, interpreted thanks to our homogenization model as a consequence of negative and vanishing effective density, respectively., Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures

In a recent comment arxiv:1310.1503 Miller et al. noted that a cloak we previously presented (Scientific Reports 3, 2328) that exploits a scattering cancellation technique to render an optically small dielectric particle invisible suffers from increased extinction. According to Miller et al. this disqualifies the terminology of a cloak. We concur with the crux of the comment but wish to stress that we never claimed nor suggested a reduction in extinction. A scattering cancellation cloak cancels scattering. The issue, therefore, seems to be whether the structure should be called a cloak or not. We understand a cloaked object as an object that is not perceived by an external observer. We argue that optically small particles are much easier seen in a scattering configuration whereas it is difficult to perceive them in extinction; providing justification to the terminology as used., Comment: This is a reply to a comment published in arxiv:1310.1503

In this paper, we will introduce THz graphene antennas that strongly enhance the emission rate of quantum systems at specific frequencies. The tunability of these antennas can be used to selectively enhance individual spectral features. We will show as an example that any weak transition in the spectrum of coronene can become the dominant contribution. This selective and tunable enhancement establishes a new class of graphene-based THz devices, which will find applications in sensors, novel light sources, spectroscopy, and quantum communication devices.

This paper describes the techniques and physical parameters used to produce stable centimetric water drops in microgravity, and to study single cavitation bubbles inside such drops (Parabolic Flight Campaigns, European Space Agency ESA). While the main scientific results have been presented in a previous paper, we shall herein provide the necessary technical background, with potential applications to other experiments. First, we present an original method to produce and capture large stable drops in microgravity. This technique succeeded in generating quasi-spherical water drops with volumes up to 8 ml, despite the residual g-jitter. We find that the equilibrium of the drops is essentially dictated by the ratio between the drop volume and the contact surface used to capture the drop, and formulate a simple stability criterion. In a second part, we present a setup for creating and studying single cavitation bubbles inside those drops. In addition, we analyze the influence of the bubble size and position on the drop behaviour after collapse, i.e. jets and surface perturbations.

We studied spark-generated cavitation bubbles inside water drops produced in microgravity. High-speed visualizations disclosed unique effects of the spherical and nearly isolated liquid volume. In particular, (1) toroidally collapsing bubbles generate two liquid jets escaping from the drop, and the "splash jet" discloses a remarkable broadening. (2) Shockwaves induce a strong form of secondary cavitation due to the particular shockwave confinement. This feature offers a novel way to estimate integral shockwave energies in isolated volumes. (3) Bubble lifetimes in drops are shorter than in extended volumes in remarkable agreement with herein derived corrective terms for the Rayleigh-Plesset equation., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures