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1. Ocular Manifestations of Sarcoidosis in a South Florida Population

Author

Laura D, Lee Y, Farhangi M, Salamo O, Mirsaeidi M, Goldhardt R, and Galor A

Subjects
neurosarcoidosis, sarcoidosis, ocular sarcoidosis, uveitis, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Diana Laura,1,2 Yonghoon Lee,1,2 Monika Farhangi,1,2 Oriana Salamo,1 Mehdi Mirsaeidi,1,3 Raquel Goldhardt,1,2 Anat Galor1,2 1Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, USA; 2Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; 3Department of Pulmonology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33125, USACorrespondence: Anat GalorMiami Veterans Administration Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL 33125, USAEmail agalor@med.miami.eduObjective: To describe the ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis in a South Florida population and identify risk factors for the presence of ocular disease.Design: Retrospective consecutive case series.Methods: Medical charts of individuals with sarcoidosis seen in the University of Miami pulmonary department were reviewed for ocular disease. Odds ratios were used to identify risk factors for ocular sarcoidosis.Results: Fourteen of 108 individuals with sarcoidosis had ocular involvement. The mean age of the 14 individuals was 56± 15 years. Seventy-one percent were female, 50% were black, and 21% were Hispanic. Twelve had uveitis of which panuveitis was the most common subtype. Five had ≤ 20/70 vision in at least one eye due to uveitis. Neurosarcoidosis was a risk factor for ocular sarcoidosis (OR 6.14, p=0.03, 95% CI 1.21– 31.09).Conclusion: Ocular manifestations occurred in a minority of individuals in a pulmonary sarcoidosis clinic in South Florida. Uveitis was the most common ocular manifestation. Neurosarcoidosis was a risk factor for ocular involvement.Keywords: neurosarcoidosis, sarcoidosis, ocular sarcoidosis, uveitis

Published
2020

2. Deep neural networks-based denoising models for CT imaging and their efficacy

Author

KC, Prabhat, Zeng, Rongping, Farhangi, M. Mehdi, and Myers, Kyle J.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Most of the Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) based CT image denoising literature shows that DNNs outperform traditional iterative methods in terms of metrics such as the RMSE, the PSNR and the SSIM. In many instances, using the same metrics, the DNN results from low-dose inputs are also shown to be comparable to their high-dose counterparts. However, these metrics do not reveal if the DNN results preserve the visibility of subtle lesions or if they alter the CT image properties such as the noise texture. Accordingly, in this work, we seek to examine the image quality of the DNN results from a holistic viewpoint for low-dose CT image denoising. First, we build a library of advanced DNN denoising architectures. This library is comprised of denoising architectures such as the DnCNN, U-Net, Red-Net, GAN, etc. Next, each network is modeled, as well as trained, such that it yields its best performance in terms of the PSNR and SSIM. As such, data inputs (e.g. training patch-size, reconstruction kernel) and numeric-optimizer inputs (e.g. minibatch size, learning rate, loss function) are accordingly tuned. Finally, outputs from thus trained networks are further subjected to a series of CT bench testing metrics such as the contrast-dependent MTF, the NPS and the HU accuracy. These metrics are employed to perform a more nuanced study of the resolution of the DNN outputs' low-contrast features, their noise textures, and their CT number accuracy to better understand the impact each DNN algorithm has on these underlying attributes of image quality., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, SPIE proceeding

Published
2021
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3. Lung Nodule Malignancy Prediction in Sequential CT Scans: Summary of ISBI 2018 Challenge

Author

Balagurunathan, Yoganand, Beers, Andrew, Mcnitt-Gray, Michael, Hadjiiski, Lubomir, Napel, Sandy, Goldgof, Dmitry, Perez, Gustavo, Arbelaez, Pablo, Mehrtash, Alireza, Kapur, Tina, Yang, Ehwa, Moon, Jung Won, Perez, Gabriel Bernardino, Delgado-Gonzalo, Ricard, Farhangi, M Mehdi, Amini, Amir A, Ni, Renkun, Feng, Xue, Bagari, Aditya, Vaidhya, Kiran, Veasey, Benjamin, Safta, Wiem, Frigui, Hichem, Enguehard, Joseph, Gholipour, Ali, Castillo, Laura Silvana, Daza, Laura Alexandra, Pinsky, Paul, Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree, and Farahani, Keyvan

Subjects
Information and Computing Sciences, Engineering, Bioengineering, Cancer, Lung Cancer, Lung, Clinical Research, Biomedical Imaging, Good Health and Well Being, Algorithms, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, ROC Curve, Solitary Pulmonary Nodule, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Training, Deep learning, Lung cancer, Computed tomography, Biomedical imaging, Pathology, nodules challenge, ISBI 2018, indeterminate pulmonary nodules, cancer detection in longitudinal CT, NLST, computed comography, deep learning methods in lung CT, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Information and computing sciences
Abstract

Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death in the US. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of screening using low dose CT (LDCT) in reducing lung cancer related mortality. While lung nodules are detected with a high rate of sensitivity, this exam has a low specificity rate and it is still difficult to separate benign and malignant lesions. The ISBI 2018 Lung Nodule Malignancy Prediction Challenge, developed by a team from the Quantitative Imaging Network of the National Cancer Institute, was focused on the prediction of lung nodule malignancy from two sequential LDCT screening exams using automated (non-manual) algorithms. We curated a cohort of 100 subjects who participated in the National Lung Screening Trial and had established pathological diagnoses. Data from 30 subjects were randomly selected for training and the remaining was used for testing. Participants were evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of nodule-wise malignancy scores generated by their algorithms on the test set. The challenge had 17 participants, with 11 teams submitting reports with method description, mandated by the challenge rules. Participants used quantitative methods, resulting in a reporting test AUC ranging from 0.698 to 0.913. The top five contestants used deep learning approaches, reporting an AUC between 0.87 - 0.91. The team's predictor did not achieve significant differences from each other nor from a volume change estimate (p =.05 with Bonferroni-Holm's correction).

Published
2021

5. Switched-boost-based multilevel inverters

Author

Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Lee, SS, Siwakoti, YP, Blaabjerg, F, Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Lee, SS, Siwakoti, YP, and Blaabjerg, F

Abstract

Multilevel voltage source inverters/converters (ML-VSIs) with an integrated voltage-boosting feature have been popular in recent years as an interface between the provided low-magnitude DC voltage and standard 220V rms grid voltage. The voltage-boosting feature is achieved with an integrated switched-capacitor (SC) or a switched-boost (SB) technique, while the circuit configuration of the resulting ML-VSIs can be based on a standard half-bridge-based design or a common-ground/midpoint-clamp-based structure. The critical challenges for SC-based ML-VSIs are the discontinuous nature of the input current, pulsating current stress over devices, and the static ratio of the voltage-conversion gain. These challenges require that researchers go through either a two-stage-based boost-integrated design with a front-end DC–DC boost converter or a single-stage SB-based ML-VSI with inherent dynamic voltage-conversion gain. This chapter investigates the state-of-the-art contributions of boost-integrated ML-VSIs and provides insights for overcoming critical challenges like excessive current stress and the inrush current problem. The chapter also outlines the relatively new concept of SB-based MLIs, while the working principles of several recently proposed structures are reviewed and compared.

Published
2024

6. An Interleaved Single-Stage Switched-Boost Common-Ground Multilevel Inverter: Design, Control, and Experimental Validation

Author

Farhangi, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Lee, SS, Aguilera, RP, Lu, D, Siwakoti, YP, Farhangi, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Lee, SS, Aguilera, RP, Lu, D, and Siwakoti, YP

Abstract

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) with a common-ground (CG) circuit design and a switched-boost (SB) technique are of interest in transformerless grid-connected applications due to the enhanced overall efficiency, higher power density and reduced leakage current concern. Utilization of the SB technique in MLIs leads to obtaining a single-stage power conversion platform with a dynamic voltage boosting feature. Drawing a continuous input current and spike-free current stress of the devices are two additional features of SB-based MLIs. Regarding the current state-of-the-art contributions, an interleaved CGSB-based MLI is introduced in this work. The main benefits of the proposed topology are larger injected grid current handling capability with a reduced current stress, uniform peak voltage stress across the devices, bidirectional power flow operation, controllable power sharing, and generalization capability to realize any number of output voltage levels. Through a modular design with a phase-shifted PWM technique, the injected grid current is shared among the modules, while the size of the grid-interface filters is reduced, leading to establishing a practical design with enhanced overall efficiency. The working principle of the proposed converter is discussed in detail. Design guidance, comparative study and extensive closed-loop experimental results obtained from a 5.1 kW grid-tied laboratory-built prototype are then given to validate the feasibility and performance of the proposed solution.

Published
2024

7. Design, Implementation and Reliability Assessment of a Fault-Tolerant Three-Port Converter

Author

Alam, MM, Farhangi, M, Lu, DDC, Siwakoti, YP, Aljarajreh, H, Alam, MM, Farhangi, M, Lu, DDC, Siwakoti, YP, and Aljarajreh, H

Abstract

This article proposes a novel three-port converter with a fault-tolerant (FT) capability to reconfigure automatically under different switching fault conditions, i.e., open circuit fault (OCF) and short circuit fault (SCF) of the power transistors, and to continue achieving different control objectives such as effective battery charging, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and output voltage regulation. The proposed fault-tolerant design with a one-level redundancy structure enhances the reliability of traditional three-port converters (TPCs). Experimental results of a laboratory prototype has proven the effectiveness of the proposed converter.

Published
2024

8. Derivatives in Graph Space with Applications for Finding and Tracking Local Communities

Author

Rigi, M. Amin, Moser, Irene, Farhangi, M. Mehdi, Alhajj, Reda, Series Editor, Glässer, Uwe, Series Editor, Liu, Huan, Series Editor, Wittek, Rafael, Series Editor, Zeng, Daniel, Series Editor, Aggarwal, Charu C., Advisory Editor, Brantingham, Patricia L., Advisory Editor, Gross, Thilo, Advisory Editor, Han, Jiawei, Advisory Editor, Manásevich, Raúl, Advisory Editor, Masys, Anthony J., Advisory Editor, Morselli, Carlo, Advisory Editor, Karampelas, Panagiotis, editor, Kawash, Jalal, editor, and Özyer, Tansel, editor

Published
2019
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13. A 5-Level HERIC Active-Clamped Inverter With Full Reactive Power Capability for Grid-Connected Applications

Author

Syasegov, YY, Farhangi, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Siwakoti, YP, Li, L, Lu, DDC, Aguilera, RP, Pou, J, Syasegov, YY, Farhangi, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Siwakoti, YP, Li, L, Lu, DDC, Aguilera, RP, and Pou, J

Abstract

Distributed generation systems integrated into the modern electrical grid demand novel circuit architectures that can combine high efficiency and high power density together. The transformerless highly efficient and reliable inverter concept (HERIC) topologies are notable due to their mitigated leakage current concerns, constant common-mode voltage, and high efficiency. Nonetheless, the HERIC-based structures feature a maximum of three-level ac output voltage, forcing the conversion system to integrate large output filters to meet the grid codes. This article introduces a novel HERIC active-clamped converter with bidirectional power flow and full reactive power capabilities that can achieve five-level output voltage. This is accomplished by means of a phase-shifted pulsewidth modulation technique that effectively doubles the apparent switching frequency of the inverter and improves the quality of the injected ac power. Consequently, the topology can achieve higher power conversion efficiency, while using the same or a smaller output filter. To verify the feasibility of the proposed converter, a 2.5-kW SiC-based prototype was built and tested in the laboratory under different operation conditions.

Published
2023

14. A Single-Stage Switched-Boost Grid-Connected Five-Level Converter With Integrated Active Power Decoupling Under Polluted Grid Voltage Condition

Author

Farhangi, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Aguilera, RP, Lu, DDC, Liserre, M, Siwakoti, YP, Farhangi, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Aguilera, RP, Lu, DDC, Liserre, M, and Siwakoti, YP

Abstract

Grid-connected inverters with a multilevel output voltage and an integrated dynamic voltage boosting feature are promising to achieve higher overall efficiency/power density, reduced output filter size, and better power quality. However, the input current of such a single-stage system might be pulsating with low- and high-frequency ripple contents in a single-phase grid-connected application. To tackle this challenge, active power decoupling (APD) can be used to keep the input current flat and reduce the current stress of the devices with an efficient performance. On the other hand, the grid voltage is usually nonideal in practice, polluted with the harmonics. This causes additional complexity in the closed-loop control system to maintain the injected power quality. The aim of this article is to apply a tailored closed-loop APD control on a recently proposed single-source single-stage switched-boost (SB) five-level converter leading to further enhancing its overall efficiency without adding any extra circuit components. A distinctive feature of the proposed solution is using a single proportional-resonant controller with a filtered feedforward term to achieve APD, even under a distorted grid voltage condition. This solution can also be applied to other single-stage SB-based converters as long as their input current before integration of the APD control contains a low-frequency ripple content. A 2-kW SiC-based prototype is built to validate the feasibility and accurate performance of the proposed method via experiments when connected to a grid with harmonic pollution.

Published
2023

15. Optimal Switching Sequence Direct Power Control for AC/DC Converters with Enhanced Converter Model for Lower Switching Frequencies

Author

Poblete, P, Syasegov, YY, Farhangi, M, Aguilera, RP, Siwakoti, YP, Lu, D, Pereda, J, Poblete, P, Syasegov, YY, Farhangi, M, Aguilera, RP, Siwakoti, YP, Lu, D, and Pereda, J

Abstract

Grid-connected AC/DC power converters play a crucial role in integrating renewable energies, smart grids, and motor drives. Consequently, high-performance control techniques have constantly attracted the interest of researchers. Predictive direct power control (P-DPC) strategies are promising control techniques for these converters, due to their fast transient response. However, standard P-DPC strategies cannot effectively compensate for steady-state errors when the switching frequency is reduced, due to model inaccuracies. This work proposes a new optimal switching sequence direct power control (OSS-DPC) strategy, which enhances the converter discrete-time model by estimating the grid currents and voltages at each commutation instant within a sampling period. As a result, the proposed OSS-DPC provides a fast dynamic response with reduced overshoot and improved steady-state performance, outperforming the standard P-DPC strategies.

Published
2023

16. New Family of Dual-Mode Active Neutral Point-Clamped Five-Level Converters

Author

Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Lee, SS, Aguilera, RP, Liserre, M, Siwakoti, YP, Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Lee, SS, Aguilera, RP, Liserre, M, and Siwakoti, YP

Abstract

Active neutral point-clamped (ANPC) multilevel converters with integrated flying-capacitor (FC) technique are widely used in many industrial applications owing to their low losses, reduced stress on devices, bidirectional operation, and leakage current attenuation capability. Their major setback related to the half dc-link voltage utilization at the ac output has also recently been addressed using the concept of active boost neutral point-clamped (ABNPC) converters with a switched-capacitor (SC) technique. Nonetheless, such a voltage-boosting capability in ABNPCs causes an excessive voltage stress on devices, when the provided dc-link voltage is larger than double of the grid peak voltage. To address this critical challenge, the concept of dual-mode (DM) converter that can retain the quality of ac output with a reduced voltage stress on devices over a wide range of the input dc voltage is introduced. Following this concept, a family of three DM-ANPC five-level (5L) converters is presented in this article, where they can be operated in either buck or boost mode. This allows to operate the converters with a wide range of input dc voltage utilization and an improved performance. Each of the proposed DM-ANPC-5L converters requires 10 power switches, while they offer a bidirectional power flow feature with an integrated FC and/or SC technique. Extensive analysis, comparative study, and several simulation and experimental results obtained from a laboratory-built prototype operating in the grid-connected condition are presented to validate the performance of the proposed converters.

Published
2023

17. Single-Phase 5-Level Split-Midpoint Cross-Clamped (5L-SMCC) Inverter: An Alternative to the Two-Stage ANPC Topology

Author

Lee, SS, Cao, S, Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Siwakoti, YP, Lee, SS, Cao, S, Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, and Siwakoti, YP

Abstract

The conventional active neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) multilevel inverters are popular for single-phase applications owing to their advantage of mitigating high-frequency common-mode voltage (CMV). With the ac neutral connected to the midpoint of dc link, their voltage gain is restricted to only half. For boosting output voltage, a two-stage structure by adding a frontend dc-dc boost converter is commonly used. This article investigates the performance of the conventional two-stage 5-level ANPC inverter and proposes an improved topology by splitting the dc-link midpoint and cross clamping them to the dc-link capacitors. While using the same number of power devices and retaining the advantages of the conventional two-stage 5-level ANPC topology, such as high-frequency CMV mitigation and continuous dc source current, the proposed 5-level split-midpoint cross-clamped (5L-SMCC) inverter achieves several advantages, such as higher voltage gain, lower voltage across dc-link capacitors, lower inverter voltage stress, and natural voltage balancing for all capacitors without requiring any balancing controller or sensor. In addition, it saves one capacitor by eliminating the flying capacitor of the conventional 5-level ANPC inverter. The operation of the proposed 5L-SMCC inverter is thoroughly analyzed. For validation, simulation and experimental results are presented.

Published
2023

18. HERIC-Clamped and PN-NPC Inverters with Five-Level Output Voltage and Reduced Grid-Interfaced Filter Size

Author

Syasegov, YY, Farhangi, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Li, L, Lu, DDC, Aguilera, RP, Siwakoti, YP, Syasegov, YY, Farhangi, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Li, L, Lu, DDC, Aguilera, RP, and Siwakoti, YP

Abstract

Transformerless grid-connected inverters with highly efficient and reliable inverter concept (HERIC) and positive-negative neutral point-clamped (PN-NPC) circuit configurations exhibit excellent performance in terms of overall efficiency, common-mode voltage, and alleviated leakage current concern. These inverters are designed to generate only a three-level (3L) output voltage waveform, thereby reducing the power density of a conversion system. On the other hand, it is well-known that increasing the inverter output voltage levels entails the reduction of the output filter size. In this regard, this article aims to develop a five-level (5L) inverter output voltage for the improved versions of HERIC-clamped and original PN-NPC inverters. This is achieved with either phase-shifted or level-shifted pulse width modulation technique leading to further quality improvement of ac voltage and current waveforms through increasing the number of output voltage levels. Therefore, a much smaller output filter size can be utilized, while the overall efficiency of the entire system is enhanced. Two laboratory-built SiC-based prototypes for both the proposed HERIC-clamped (1.8 kW) and PN-NPC-5L (2 kW) inverters have been fabricated to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution via experiments.

Published
2023

22. Effect of Copper sulphate on behavioral and histopathological changes in roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus

Author

Farhangi, M., Gholipour Kanani, H., Aliakbariyan, A., and Kashani, M.

Subjects
Rutilus rutilus caspius, Copper Sulphate, Toxicity, LC50, Histopathological, Behavioral, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Science
Abstract

The research was accomplished in order to study behavioral and histopathological effects of Copper on Rutilus rutilus caspicus under experimental condition. The study was performed using Water Static Method during 96 hours. 15 fish with averaged weight 2±0.5 g in weight were encountered to different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg/l) of Copper. A group of fish was considered as control. Under stable condition and aeration, the lethal concentration was 0.4 mg/l. Results indicated that there was significant differences between treatments when copper concentration increased (p

Published
2014

23. Prevention of acute ammonia toxicity in beluga, Huso huso, using natural zeolite

Author

Farhangi, M., Gholipour Kanani, H., and Kashani, M.

Subjects
Huso huso, Zeolilte, Lethal Concentration, Histopathology, Ammonia, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Science
Abstract

This study was accomplished to examine the efficiency of natural zeolite in preventing acute toxicity of total ammonia to Huso huso. The study was performed using Water Static Method in 96 hours. Fish averaged 46  5 g in weight and 22  4 cm in total length were exposed to four different concentrations (15, 30, 50, 75 mgL-1) of ammonia and a group was considered as control. Under stable condition, the lethal concentration of ionized ammonia was 75 mgL-1 in 96 hours. In the lethal concentration of total ammonia, different amounts of 5, 10, 15 g.L-1 granulated clinoptilolite zeolite were used. Results indicated significant differences between treatments and control (p

Published
2014

24. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Author

Kinyoki, D, Ross, J, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Munro, S, Schaeffer, L, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abbastabar, H, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, N, Abebo, T, Abegaz, K, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abushouk, A, Accrombessi, M, Acharya, D, Adabi, M, Adebiyi, A, Adedeji, I, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, A, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Aduroja, P, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, R, Ajumobi, O, Akal, C, Akalu, T, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, S, Alamene, G, Alanzi, T, Rabanal, J, Alema, N, Ali, B, Ali, M, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amare, A, Amegah, A, Amini, S, Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, Z, Antonio, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Araya, E, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Asgari, S, Asghari, B, Ashagre, A, Asrat, A, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, H, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azadmehr, A, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, Z, Babaee, E, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Bahrami, M, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Bakkannavar, S, Balakrishnan, S, Bali, A, Banach, M, Banik, P, Baradaran-Seyed, Z, Baraki, A, Barboza, M, Barnighausen, T, Barua, L, Basaleem, H, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bayih, M, Baynes, H, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, Y, Bennett, D, Berbada, D, Berhe, K, Berhe, A, Berman, A, Bernstein, R, Bhageerathy, R, Bhandari, D, Bharadwaj, P, Bhattacharjee, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Sayeed, M, Birara, S, Birhane, M, Birhanu, M, Biswas, R, Bitew, Z, Bogale, K, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Borzi, A, Borzouei, S, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Britton, G, Budhathoki, S, Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cano, J, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castro, F, Cerin, E, Chansa, C, Charan, J, Chatterjee, P, Chattu, V, Chauhan, B, Chavshin, A, Chehrazi, M, Chichiabellu, T, Chin, K, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Cicuttini, F, Collison, M, Cork, M, Cormier, N, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Dadi, A, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das, J, Gupta, R, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davis Weaver, N, Leo, D, Neve, J, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demissie, D, Demoz, G, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, B, Desalew, A, Deshpande, A, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhillon, P, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, G, Nasab, M, Diaz, D, Forooshani, Z, Dinsa, G, Dipeolu, I, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doku, P, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Dubey, M, Adema, B, Dunachie, S, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Earl, L, Leylabadlo, H, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elemineh, D, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Elsharkawy, A, El-Sherbiny, Y, Elyazar, I, Emamian, M, Enany, S, Endalew, D, Endalifer, M, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esteghamati, A, Etemadi, A, Etisso, A, Fanzo, J, Farahmand, M, Faraj, A, Farashi, S, Fareed, M, Farioli, A, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Farzam, H, Fatima, S, Fattahi, N, Fauk, N, Fazaeli, A, Fentahun, N, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flohr, C, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Forster, J, Francis, J, Fukumoto, T, Gayesa, R, Geberemariyam, B, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremariam, H, Gebremariam, K, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebreslassie, A, Gebretsadik, G, Gedefaw, G, Geramo, Y, Gesesew, H, Geta, B, Getenet, A, Gezae, K, Ghaffarifar, F, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghajarzadeh, M, Ghashghaee, A, Ghiasvand, H, Gholamian, A, Gilani, S, Gill, T, Ginawi, I, Goli, S, Gomes, N, Gopalani, S, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, A, Govindakarnavar, A, 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Abstract

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.

Published
2020

25. A Single-Source Single-Stage Switched-Boost Multilevel Inverter: Operation, Topological Extensions, and Experimental Validation

Author

Farhangi, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Aguilera, RP, Lee, SS, Lu, DDC, Siwakoti, YP, Farhangi, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Aguilera, RP, Lee, SS, Lu, DDC, and Siwakoti, YP

Abstract

In this article, we present a family of multilevel converters with the single-stage dynamic voltage-boosting feature, reduced number of circuit components, modular structure, bidirectional operation, continuous input current, and acceptable overall efficiency. The proposed structure is based on a three-level single-stage boost integrated inverter with an embedded quasi-H-bridge (QHB) cell. It is comprised of five unidirectional power switches and a floating capacitor. By differential connection of two or three QHB cells and with the aim of a single inductor/input dc source, several derived topologies for both the single and three-phase applications with different multilevel output voltage performances have been achieved. The aforementioned advantages make this converter a suitable candidate for renewable energy applications. Theoretical analysis, design consideration, comparative study, and several experimental results for a 3-kW laboratory-built system are presented to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of this proposal.

Published
2022

26. Nine-Level Nine-Switch Common-Ground Switched-Capacitor Inverter Suitable for High-Frequency AC-Microgrid Applications

Author

Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Lee, SS, Aguilera, RP, Siwakoti, YP, Pou, J, Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Lee, SS, Aguilera, RP, Siwakoti, YP, and Pou, J

Abstract

Voltage source multilevel inverters with reduced leakage current, single-stage voltage step-up feature, compact design, and an efficient performance are a promising technology for high-frequency ac (HFac) microgrids feeding through renewable energy sources. This article proposes a novel single-source common-grounded (CG) step-up nine-level (9L) inverter, which can be applied in HFac microgrid applications. The proposed CG-based boost inverter is comprised of only nine switches (9S) and three self-balanced capacitors. Using the switched-capacitor (SC) technique, a double voltage boosting feature within a single power processing stage is achieved, while the leakage current concern is eliminated due to a CG-based configuration between the input dc source and the null of the grid. With the help of an LC input filter, the input current profile is free from large discontinuous inrush spikes. The working principles of the proposed 9L9S-CGSC inverter are discussed in this article. The modulation and closed-loop control strategy, as well as a comparative study, are presented. Finally, the open and closed-loop grid-tied performances of the proposed topology are evaluated by both simulation and experimental results obtained from a 1.2-kW laboratory-built prototype.

Published
2022

27. Active Neutral Point-Clamped Five-Level Inverter With Single-Stage Dynamic Voltage Boosting Capability

Author

Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Lee, SS, Aguilera, RP, Siwakoti, YP, Liserre, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Lee, SS, Aguilera, RP, Siwakoti, YP, and Liserre, M

Abstract

The circuit performance of conventional active neutral point-clamped (ANPC) inverter is widely accepted in many renewable energy-based applications like photovoltaic (PV) or electric vehicle grid-connected systems. This is mainly because of its excellent characteristics in terms of voltage/current stress profile of the switches, bidirectional power flow capability, and efficient operation. Nonetheless, due to its half-dc link voltage utilization in the ac output voltage, another power processing stage with additional active and passive elements is required to make its output voltage compatible with the grid when low and wide varying input dc source is available. In this paper, a novel ANPC-based five-level (ANPC5L) inverter with a single-stage boost-integrated circuit design is presented. The proposed topology is able to make the peak output voltage of the conventional ANPC5L inverter followed by a front-end bidirectional boost converter double using the same number of power switches but with less total standing voltage across semiconductors. The working principles of the proposed topology is discussed. Experimental results obtained from 1.3 kW laboratory-built prototype under the grid-connected condition are also given to support the discussion.

Published
2022

28. An Interleaved Switched-Boost Common-Ground Five-Level Inverter

Author

Farhangi, M, Brazegarkhoo, R, Lee, SS, Lu, D, Siwakoti, Y, Farhangi, M, Brazegarkhoo, R, Lee, SS, Lu, D, and Siwakoti, Y

Abstract

Transfomerless grid-connected inverters with common-grounded circuit architectures and single-stage dy-namic voltage boosting gain are promising candidates for PV energy conversion applications. In this work, a new five-level (5L) variant of this category of inverters is introduced. Key features of the presented inverter are the reduced current stress profile, modularity, uniform peak voltage stress across the switches, higher power handling capability, and bi-directional power flow operation. The proposed topology is comprised of two input inductors, two capacitors, and ten power switches. Through a modular design with a phase-shifted SPWM technique, the injected grid current can be shared among the modules, while the size of the grid-interface filters can be reduced. The working principle of the converter is discussed, and some simulation and experimental results are presented to validate its feasibility.

Published
2022

29. A Novel Seven-Level Switched-Boost Common-Ground Inverter With Single-Stage Dynamic Voltage Boosting Gain

Author

Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Lee, SS, Aguilera, RP, Siwakoti, YP, Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Lee, SS, Aguilera, RP, and Siwakoti, YP

Abstract

Single-stage grid-connected PV inverters with a transformerless (TL) concept have been a hot spot research topic in both the academia and industry in the latest years. Dynamic voltage boosting feature through the adjustment of de duty cycle, reduced value of the current and voltage stress across the switches, common-ground (CG)-based circuit architecture and capability of larger number of output voltage levels generation can make these types of inverters an attractive option for an efficient and compact design. In this paper, a novel seven-level (7L)-CG-based TL inverter is proposed, which possesses all the above-mentioned features for a compact design. The working principle and modulation strategy are discussed. Some simulation results are presented to attest a proper performance of the converter.

Published
2022

30. Common-Ground Grid-Connected Five-Level Transformerless Inverter With Integrated Dynamic Voltage Boosting Feature

Author

Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Aguilera, RP, Lee, SS, Blaabjerg, F, Siwakoti, YP, Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Aguilera, RP, Lee, SS, Blaabjerg, F, and Siwakoti, YP

Abstract

A single-phase common-ground five-level (5L) inverter with a dynamic voltage conversion gain and capability of operating in a wide input voltage range and a single-stage energy conversion configuration is presented in this article. The proposed topology requires nine active power switches and is comprised of an integrated switched-boost (SB) module connected in series to a switched-flying-capacitor (SFC) cell. Two self-balanced capacitors with a single boost inductor in the integrated SB module are employed to generate a 5L output voltage waveform with a dynamic voltage conversion gain. The current stress profile of all the active and passive elements is kept within a permissible input current range. By adopting an extra diode-capacitor-inductor network into the integrated SB module and with the utilization of the same SFC cell, the proposed topology is extended to achieve a quadratic voltage conversion gain while retaining the quality of ac voltage waveform. Theoretical analysis, closed-loop control/modulation principles, design guidance, comparative study, and relevant experimental results obtained from a 1.5-kW laboratory-built prototype are presented to ascertain the operation and feasibility of the proposed system.

Published
2022

31. A Novel DC/DC Three Port Converter with Fault-Tolerant Ability

Author

Alam, MM, Aljarajreh, H, Farhangi, M, Dylan D.-C., L, Siwakoti, YP, Alam, MM, Aljarajreh, H, Farhangi, M, Dylan D.-C., L, and Siwakoti, YP

Abstract

This article proposes a novel three-port converter with a fault-tolerant (FT) capability to reconFigure automatically under different switching fault conditions, i.e., open circuit fault (OCF) or short circuit fault (SCF) of the power transistors, and to continue achieving different control objectives such as effective battery charging, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and output voltage regulation. The proposed fault-tolerant design with a one-level redundancy structure enhances the reliability of traditional three port converters (TPCs), but it also addresses the component failure while different modes of operations using fewer components by incorporating dual-input single-inductor structure into the converter design. Simulation results are presented to explain the performance of the proposed converter during different fault conditions and the reconfiguration mechanism during these conditions.

Published
2022

33. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Author

Fitzmaurice, C, Abate, D, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdel-Rahman, O, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulle, A, Abebe, N, Abraha, H, Abu-Raddad, L, Abualhasan, A, Adedeji, I, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Aghaali, M, Agius, D, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadian, E, Ahmadpour, E, Ahmed, M, Akbari, M, Akinyemiju, T, Al-Aly, Z, Alabdulkader, A, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alamene, G, Alemnew, B, Alene, K, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Bakeshei, F, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alsharif, U, Alsowaidi, S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, E, Amini, S, Amoako, Y, Anbari, Z, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansariadi, A, Appiah, S, Arab-Zozani, M, Arabloo, J, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Areri, H, Artaman, A, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, E, Ashagre, A, Assadi, R, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, H, Ataro, Z, Atique, S, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Ayele, H, Babaee, E, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Bagli, E, Balakrishnan, S, Balouchi, A, Barnighausen, T, Battista, R, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, B, Belay, Y, Belayneh, Y, Berfield, K, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Beuran, M, Bhakta, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, M, Birungi, C, Bisignano, C, Bitew, H, Bjorge, T, Bleyer, A, Bogale, K, Bojia, H, Borzi, A, Bosetti, C, Bou-Orm, I, Brenner, H, Brewer, J, Briko, A, Briko, N, Bustamante-Teixeira, M, Butt, Z, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castro, C, Castro, F, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chanie, W, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, P, Chauhan, N, Chehrazi, M, Chiang, P, Chichiabellu, T, Chido-Amajuoyi, O, Chimed-Ochir, O, Choi, J, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Constantin, M, Costa, V, Crocetti, E, Crowe, C, Curado, M, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das Neves, J, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demissie, B, Demoz, G, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Derakhshani, A, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, B, Desta, M, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dinberu, M, Djalalinia, S, Doku, D, Drake, T, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, E, Ebrahimi, H, Effiong, A, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, Zaki, M, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Elemineh, D, Elkout, H, Ellenbogen, R, Elsharkawy, A, Emamian, M, Endalew, D, Endries, A, Eshrati, B, Fadhil, I, Fallah, V, Faramarzi, M, Farhangi, M, Farioli, A, Farzadfar, F, Fentahun, N, Fernandes, E, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Force, L, Foroutan, M, Freitas, M, Fukumoto, T, Futran, N, Gallus, S, Gankpe, F, Gayesa, R, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremeskel, G, Gedefaw, G, Gelaw, B, Geta, B, Getachew, S, Gezae, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gill, P, Ginindza, T, Girmay, A, Gizaw, M, Gomez, R, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Goulart, B, Grada, A, Ribeiro Guerra, M, Guimaraes, A, Gupta, P, Gupta, R, Hadkhale, K, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hanfore, L, Haro, J, Hasankhani, M, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassen, H, Hay, R, Hay, S, Henok, A, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Hidru, H, Hoang, C, Hole, M, Hoogar, P, Horita, N, Hosgood, H, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hussen, M, Ileanu, B, Ilic, M, Innos, K, Irvani, S, Iseh, K, Islam, S, Islami, F, Jafari Balalami, N, Jafarinia, M, Jahangiry, L, Jahani, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Javanbakht, M, Jayaraman, S, Jee, S, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Jonnagaddala, J, Joo, T, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kamangar, F, Karch, A, Karimi, N, Karimian, A, Kasaeian, A, Kasahun, G, Kassa, B, Kassa, T, Kassaw, M, Kaul, A, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, A, Kerbo, A, Khader, Y, Khalilarjmandi, M, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khang, Y, Khatab, K, Khater, A, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaee-Pool, M, Khazaei, S, Khoja, A, Khosravi, M, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Komaki, H, Koyanagi, A, Krohn, K, Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kumar, V, Kuupiel, D, La Vecchia, C, Lad, D, Lake, E, Lakew, A, Lal, D, Lami, F, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lazarus, J, Leigh, J, Leshargie, C, Liao, Y, Limenih, M, Listl, S, Lopez, A, Lopukhov, P, Lunevicius, R, Madadin, M, Magdeldin, S, El Razek, H, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Manamo, W, Mansourian, M, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Maroufizadeh, S, Martini, S, Mashamba-Thompson, T, Massenburg, B, Maswabi, M, Mathur, M, Mcalinden, C, Mckee, M, Meheretu, H, Mehrotra, R, Mehta, V, Meier, T, Melaku, Y, Meles, G, Meles, H, Melese, A, Melku, M, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Merat, S, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Mihretie, K, Miller, T, Mills, E, Mir, S, Mirzaei, H, Mishra, R, Moazen, B, Mohammad, D, Mohammad, K, Mohammad, Y, Darwesh, A, Mohammadbeigi, A, Mohammadi, H, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Joo, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Morawska, L, Morgado-Da-costa, J, Morisaki, N, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mousavi, S, Muche, A, Muhammed, O, Musa, J, Nabhan, A, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nagel, G, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Naldi, L, Nam, H, Nasiri, N, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Neupane, S, Newcomb, P, Nggada, H, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nikniaz, L, Ningrum, D, Nirayo, Y, Nixon, M, Nnaji, C, Nojomi, M, Nosratnejad, S, Shiadeh, M, Obsa, M, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Oluwasanu, M, Omonisi, A, Onwujekwe, O, Oommen, A, Oren, E, Ortega-Altamirano, D, Ota, E, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pakpour, A, Pana, A, Park, E, Parsian, H, Pashaei, T, Patel, S, Patil, S, Pennini, A, Pereira, D, Piccinelli, C, Pillay, J, Pirestani, M, Pishgar, F, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Pourshams, A, Prakash, S, Prasad, N, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, M, Rahman, M, Rajati, F, Rana, S, Raoofi, S, Rath, G, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reiner, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Ribeiro, D, Ronfani, L, Roro, E, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Saad, R, Sabbagh, P, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Safiri, S, Sahebkar, A, Salahshoor, M, Salehi, F, Salem, H, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Salomon, J, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, Sayyah, M, Schneider, I, Schottker, B, Sekerija, M, Sepanlou, S, Sepehrimanesh, M, Seyedmousavi, S, Shaahmadi, F, Shabaninejad, H, Shahbaz, M, Shaikh, M, Shamshirian, A, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, H, Sharafi, Z, Sharif, M, Sharifi, A, Sharifi, H, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Shirkoohi, R, Shukla, S, Si, S, Siabani, S, Silva, D, Silveira, D, Singh, A, Singh, J, Sisay, S, Sitas, F, Sobngwi, E, Soofi, M, Soriano, J, Stathopoulou, V, Sufiyan, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Takahashi, K, Tamtaji, O, Tarawneh, M, Tassew, S, Taymoori, P, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Temsah, O, Tesfay, B, Tesfay, F, Teshale, M, Tessema, G, Thapa, S, Tlaye, K, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tran, K, Tsadik, A, Ullah, I, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Varona Perez, P, Veisani, Y, Vidale, S, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vos, T, Vosoughi, K, Vu, G, Vujcic, I, Wabinga, H, Wachamo, T, Wagnew, F, Waheed, Y, Weldegebreal, F, Weldesamuel, G, Wijeratne, T, Wondafrash, D, Wonde, T, Wondmieneh, A, Workie, H, Yadav, R, Yadegar, A, Yadollahpour, A, Yaseri, M, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaneh, A, Yimam, M, Yimer, E, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, B, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zabeh, E, Zadnik, V, Moghadam, T, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zangeneh, A, Zaki, L, Zendehdel, K, Zenebe, Z, Zewale, T, Ziapour, A, Zodpey, S, Murray, C, Fitzmaurice C., Abate D., Abbasi N., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdel-Rahman O., Abdelalim A., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulle A. S. M., Abebe N. D., Abraha H. N., Abu-Raddad L. J., Abualhasan A., Adedeji I. A., Advani S. M., Afarideh M., Afshari M., Aghaali M., Agius D., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadian E., Ahmadpour E., Ahmed M. B., Akbari M. E., Akinyemiju T., Al-Aly Z., Alabdulkader A. M., Alahdab F., Alam T., Alamene G. M., Alemnew B. T. T., Alene K. A., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Bakeshei F. A., Almadi M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani A., Alsharif U., Alsowaidi S., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini E., Amini S., Amoako Y. A., Anbari Z., Anber N. H., Andrei C. L., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansariadi A., Appiah S. C. Y., Arab-Zozani M., Arabloo J., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Areri H. A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Asfaw E. T., Ashagre A. F., Assadi R., Ataeinia B., Atalay H. T., Ataro Z., Atique S., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E. F. G. A., Awasthi A., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayanore M. A., Ayele H. T., Babaee E., Bacha U., Badawi A., Bagherzadeh M., Bagli E., Balakrishnan S., Balouchi A., Barnighausen T. W., Battista R. J., Behzadifar M., Bekele B. B., Belay Y. B., Belayneh Y. M., Berfield K. K. S., Berhane A., Bernabe E., Beuran M., Bhakta N., Bhattacharyya K., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Bin Sayeed M. S., Birungi C., Bisignano C., Bitew H., Bjorge T., Bleyer A., Bogale K. A., Bojia H. A., Borzi A. M., Bosetti C., Bou-Orm I. R., Brenner H., Brewer J. D., Briko A. N., Briko N. I., Bustamante-Teixeira M. T., Butt Z. A., Carreras G., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castro C., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chanie W. F., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi P., Chauhan N. S., Chehrazi M., Chiang P. P. -C., Chichiabellu T. Y., Chido-Amajuoyi O. G., Chimed-Ochir O., Choi J. -Y. J., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Constantin M. -M., Costa V. M., Crocetti E., Crowe C. S., Curado M. P., Dahlawi S. M. A., Damiani G., Darwish A. H., Daryani A., Das Neves J., Demeke F. M., Demis A. B., Demissie B. W., Demoz G. T., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derakhshani A., Deribe K. S., Desai R., Desalegn B. B., Desta M., Dey S., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Diaz D., Dinberu M. T. T., Djalalinia S., Doku D. T., Drake T. M., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E. E., Ebrahimi H., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., Zaki M. E. S., El-Jaafary S. I., El-Khatib Z., Elemineh D. A., Elkout H., Ellenbogen R. G., Elsharkawy A., Emamian M. H., Endalew D. A., Endries A. Y., Eshrati B., Fadhil I., Fallah V., Faramarzi M., Farhangi M. A., Farioli A., Farzadfar F., Fentahun N., Fernandes E., Feyissa G. T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J. L., Force L. M., Foroutan M., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Futran N. D., Gallus S., Gankpe F. G., Gayesa R. T., Gebrehiwot T. T., Gebremeskel G. G., Gedefaw G. A., Gelaw B. K., Geta B., Getachew S., Gezae K. E., Ghafourifard M., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gill P. S., Ginindza T. T. G., Girmay A., Gizaw M., Gomez R. S., Gopalani S. V., Gorini G., Goulart B. N. G., Grada A., Ribeiro Guerra M., Guimaraes A. L. S., Gupta P. C., Gupta R., Hadkhale K., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hanfore L. K., Haro J. M., Hasankhani M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassen H. Y., Hay R. J., Hay S. I., Henok A., Henry N. J., Herteliu C., Hidru H. D., Hoang C. L., Hole M. K., Hoogar P., Horita N., Hosgood H. D., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hussen M. M., Ileanu B., Ilic M. D., Innos K., Irvani S. S. N., Iseh K. R., Islam S. M. S., Islami F., Jafari Balalami N., Jafarinia M., Jahangiry L., Jahani M. A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., James S. L., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S., Jee S. H., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Jonnagaddala J., Joo T., Jungari S. B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kamangar F., Karch A., Karimi N., Karimian A., Kasaeian A., Kasahun G. G., Kassa B., Kassa T. D., Kassaw M. W., Kaul A., Keiyoro P. N., Kelbore A. G., Kerbo A. A., Khader Y. S., Khalilarjmandi M., Khan E. A., Khan G., Khang Y. -H., Khatab K., Khater A., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaee-Pool M., Khazaei S., Khoja A. T., Khosravi M. H., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim D., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Komaki H., Koyanagi A., Krohn K. J., Bicer B. K., Kugbey N., Kumar V., Kuupiel D., La Vecchia C., Lad D. P., Lake E. A., Lakew A. M., Lal D. K., Lami F. H., Lan Q., Lasrado S., Lauriola P., Lazarus J. V., Leigh J., Leshargie C. T., Liao Y., Limenih M. A., Listl S., Lopez A. D., Lopukhov P. D., Lunevicius R., Madadin M., Magdeldin S., El Razek H. M. A., Majeed A., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Manafi A., Manafi N., Manamo W. A., Mansourian M., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Maroufizadeh S., Martini S. M. S., Mashamba-Thompson T. P., Massenburg B. B., Maswabi M. T., Mathur M. R., McAlinden C., McKee M., Meheretu H. A. A., Mehrotra R., Mehta V., Meier T., Melaku Y. A., Meles G. G., Meles H. G., Melese A., Melku M., Memiah P. T. N., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Merat S., Meretoja T. J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Mihretie K. M. M., Miller T. R., Mills E. J., Mir S. 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B., Desta M., Dey S., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Diaz D., Dinberu M. T. T., Djalalinia S., Doku D. T., Drake T. M., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E. E., Ebrahimi H., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., Zaki M. E. S., El-Jaafary S. I., El-Khatib Z., Elemineh D. A., Elkout H., Ellenbogen R. G., Elsharkawy A., Emamian M. H., Endalew D. A., Endries A. Y., Eshrati B., Fadhil I., Fallah V., Faramarzi M., Farhangi M. A., Farioli A., Farzadfar F., Fentahun N., Fernandes E., Feyissa G. T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J. L., Force L. M., Foroutan M., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Futran N. D., Gallus S., Gankpe F. G., Gayesa R. T., Gebrehiwot T. T., Gebremeskel G. G., Gedefaw G. A., Gelaw B. K., Geta B., Getachew S., Gezae K. E., Ghafourifard M., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gill P. S., Ginindza T. T. G., Girmay A., Gizaw M., Gomez R. S., Gopalani S. V., Gorini G., Goulart B. N. G., Grada A., Ribeiro Guerra M., Guimaraes A. L. S., Gupta P. C., Gupta R., Hadkhale K., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hanfore L. K., Haro J. M., Hasankhani M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassen H. Y., Hay R. J., Hay S. I., Henok A., Henry N. J., Herteliu C., Hidru H. D., Hoang C. L., Hole M. K., Hoogar P., Horita N., Hosgood H. D., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hussen M. M., Ileanu B., Ilic M. D., Innos K., Irvani S. S. N., Iseh K. R., Islam S. M. S., Islami F., Jafari Balalami N., Jafarinia M., Jahangiry L., Jahani M. A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., James S. L., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S., Jee S. H., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Jonnagaddala J., Joo T., Jungari S. B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kamangar F., Karch A., Karimi N., Karimian A., Kasaeian A., Kasahun G. G., Kassa B., Kassa T. D., Kassaw M. W., Kaul A., Keiyoro P. N., Kelbore A. G., Kerbo A. A., Khader Y. S., Khalilarjmandi M., Khan E. A., Khan G., Khang Y. -H., Khatab K., Khater A., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaee-Pool M., Khazaei S., Khoja A. T., Khosravi M. H., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim D., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Komaki H., Koyanagi A., Krohn K. J., Bicer B. K., Kugbey N., Kumar V., Kuupiel D., La Vecchia C., Lad D. P., Lake E. A., Lakew A. M., Lal D. K., Lami F. H., Lan Q., Lasrado S., Lauriola P., Lazarus J. V., Leigh J., Leshargie C. T., Liao Y., Limenih M. A., Listl S., Lopez A. D., Lopukhov P. D., Lunevicius R., Madadin M., Magdeldin S., El Razek H. M. A., Majeed A., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Manafi A., Manafi N., Manamo W. A., Mansourian M., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Maroufizadeh S., Martini S. M. S., Mashamba-Thompson T. P., Massenburg B. B., Maswabi M. T., Mathur M. R., McAlinden C., McKee M., Meheretu H. A. A., Mehrotra R., Mehta V., Meier T., Melaku Y. A., Meles G. G., Meles H. G., Melese A., Melku M., Memiah P. T. N., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Merat S., Meretoja T. J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Mihretie K. M. M., Miller T. R., Mills E. J., Mir S. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei H. R., Mishra R., Moazen B., Mohammad D. K., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Y., Darwesh A. M., Mohammadbeigi A., Mohammadi H., Mohammadi M., Mohammadian M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed A. S., Mohammed J. A., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A. H., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moosazadeh M., Moossavi M., Moradi G., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradpour F., Morawska L., Morgado-Da-costa J., Morisaki N., Morrison S. D., Mosapour A., Mousavi S. M., Muche A. A., Muhammed O. S. S., Musa J., Nabhan A. R., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Nagel G., Nahvijou A., Naik G., Najafi F., Naldi L., Nam H. S., Nasiri N., Nazari J., Negoi I., Neupane S., Newcomb P. A., Nggada H. A., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen C. T., Nikniaz L., Ningrum D. N. A., Nirayo Y. L., Nixon M. R., Nnaji C. A., Nojomi M., Nosratnejad S., Shiadeh M. N., Obsa M. S., Ofori-Asenso R., Ogbo F. A., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Oluwasanu M. M., Omonisi A. E., Onwujekwe O. E., Oommen A. M., Oren E., Ortega-Altamirano D. D. V., Ota E., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakhale S., Pakpour A. H., Pana A., Park E. -K., Parsian H., Pashaei T., Patel S., Patil S. T., Pennini A., Pereira D. M., Piccinelli C., Pillay J. D., Pirestani M., Pishgar F., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Pourshams A., Prakash S., Prasad N., Qorbani M., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi M., Rahman M. A., Rajati F., Rana S. M., Raoofi S., Rath G. K., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reiner R. C., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A. I., Ribeiro D., Ronfani L., Roro E. M., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Saad R. S., Sabbagh P., Sabour S., Saddik B., Safiri S., Sahebkar A., Salahshoor M. R., Salehi F., Salem H., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Salomon J. A., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santric Milicevic M. M., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Savic M., Sawhney M., Sayyah M., Schneider I. J. C., Schottker B., Sekerija M., Sepanlou S. G., Sepehrimanesh M., Seyedmousavi S., Shaahmadi F., Shabaninejad H., Shahbaz M., Shaikh M. A., Shamshirian A., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi H., Sharafi Z., Sharif M., Sharifi A., Sharifi H., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Shirkoohi R., Shukla S. R., Si S., Siabani S., Silva D. A. S., Silveira D. G. A., Singh A., Singh J. A., Sisay S., Sitas F., Sobngwi E., Soofi M., Soriano J. B., Stathopoulou V., Sufiyan M. B., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Takahashi K., Tamtaji O. R., Tarawneh M. R., Tassew S. G., Taymoori P., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M. -H., Temsah O., Tesfay B. E., Tesfay F. H., Teshale M. Y., Tessema G. A., Thapa S., Tlaye K. G., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tran K. B., Tsadik A. G., Ullah I., Uthman O. A., Vacante M., Vaezi M., Varona Perez P., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vollset S. E., Vos T., Vosoughi K., Vu G. T., Vujcic I. S., Wabinga H., Wachamo T. M., Wagnew F. S., Waheed Y., Weldegebreal F., Weldesamuel G. T., Wijeratne T., Wondafrash D. Z., Wonde T. E., Wondmieneh A. B., Workie H. M., Yadav R., Yadegar A., Yadollahpour A., Yaseri M., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshaneh A., Yimam M. A., Yimer E. M., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yousefi B., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zabeh E., Zadnik V., Moghadam T. Z., Zaidi Z., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zangeneh A., Zaki L., Zendehdel K., Zenebe Z. M., Zewale T. A., Ziapour A., Zodpey S., and Murray C. J. L.

Abstract

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs fo

Published
2019

34. Camelina oil in the context of a weight loss programs improves glucose homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in NAFLD patients: A randomized, triple -blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Author

salehghadimi s, dehghan p, musazadeh, and Abbasalizad-Farhangi M

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Context (language use), Inflammation, Placebo, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, Camelina, Clinical trial, Weight loss, Internal medicine, medicine, Glucose homeostasis, medicine.symptom, business, Oxidative stress
Abstract

Background: Over the past few years, the benefits of co-administration of omega-3 and antioxidants have been reported in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) complications.This study evaluated the effects of Camelina sativa oil (CSO) supplementation as one of the richest dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids on glucose homeostasis,inflammation, metabolic endotoxemia, and oxidative stress in NAFLD patients. Methods: In all, 43 subjects with NAFLD were allocated to either an intervention (20g/d CSO) or placebo (20g/d sunflower oil) group receiving a calorie-restricted diet for 12 weeks. Fasting serum levels of glycemic indices, hs-CRP, endotoxin, antioxidant enzymes activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), and uric acid were measured at baseline and post-intervention. Results: CSO intake led to a significant decrease in insulin concentration (-17.49%), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-20%), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), (-12.94%), lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (-32.55%), malondialdehyde (MDA) (-18.75%), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) (-19.55%) and a significant increase in the levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (31.82%) and superoxide dismutase activity (10.22%) in the CSO group compared with the placebo group. Also, there was no significant difference between the two groups in fasting plasma glucose, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity, and uric acid level. In addition, within-group analyses showed a significant reduction of insulin, QUICKI, hs-CRP, and endotoxin levels in the intervention group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that CSO may improve glycemic, inflammation, metabolic endotoxima, oxidative stress status, and mental health in patients with NAFLD.

Published
2021
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35. Switched-Boost Common-Ground Five-Level (SBCG5L) Grid-Connected Inverter With Single-Stage Dynamic Voltage Boosting Concept

Author

Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Aguilera, RP, Siwakoti, YP, Lee, SS, Barzegarkhoo, R, Farhangi, M, Aguilera, RP, Siwakoti, YP, and Lee, SS

Abstract

Dynamic voltage boosting feature in photovoltaic (PV) grid-integrated application is a necessity to achieve the maximum power point of PV arrays as well as boost the input voltage to the necessary dc-link voltage requirement. Such feature is usually achieved by incorporating a front-end boost or buck-boost dc-dc converter tendem with a conventional two or three-level inverter. However, such an integration cannot efficiently meet many IEEE strict grid codes from the power quality, ground leakage current, and the overall efficiency per power density aspects. The aim of this paper is to present a new five-level (5L) inverter with an integrated single-stage dynamic voltage-boosting concept and a common-grounded (CG) feature. As a result, the concern of ground leakage current is addressed through the provided CG feature, whilst both the power quality and overall efficiency of the system are improved with a 5L single-stage boosted output voltage waveform. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposal, apart from the circuit description, some experimental results are also presented.

Published
2021

36. A Novel Single-Source Single-Stage Switched-Boost Five-Level (S5B5L) Inverter With Dynamic Voltage Boosting Feature

Author

Farhangi, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Siwakoti, YP, Lu, D, Lee, SS, Farhangi, M, Barzegarkhoo, R, Siwakoti, YP, Lu, D, and Lee, SS

Abstract

Single-source inverters with integrated switched-boost (SB) module and single-stage energy power conversion architecture have become a popular solution in many power electronics applications. This paper presents a novel topology of such types of inverters, which offers a modular design with a dynamic voltage boosting feature over a wide range of input voltages. The basic configuration of the proposed topology is able to generate three output voltage levels. It is comprised of an integrated SB module and a Quasi-H-Bridge (QHB) cell. The QHB cell consists of a self-balanced floating capacitor and four power switches, and the SB cell consists of a boost inductor and a single power switch. A five-level boosted output voltage can be achieved through the differential connection of two identical QHB cells utilizing a single SB module. The circuit description of the proposed topology, a comparative study, and the simulation and measurement results are given to verify the feasibility of this proposal.

Published
2021

37. A Compact Design Using GaN Semiconductor Devices for a Flying Capacitor Five-Level Inverter

Author

Farhangi, M, Siwakoti, YP, Barzegarkhoo, R, Hasan, SU, Lu, D, Rogers, D, Farhangi, M, Siwakoti, YP, Barzegarkhoo, R, Hasan, SU, Lu, D, and Rogers, D

Abstract

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) based on the flying capacitor (FC) concept are beneficial in many renewable energy-based applications due to their compactness, low current stress on semiconductor devices, and reasonable thermal behavior for high-power applications. However, the recently developed FC-based topologies suffer from half dc-link voltage utilization and a variable high-frequency common-mode voltage (HF-CMV). The aim of this paper is to propose an FC-based family of MLIs with a five-level (5L) output voltage, full dc-link voltage utilization, and low HF-CMV. Using redundant states and the phase-shifted sinusoidal PWM technique, the value of the flying capacitor has been reduced significantly. The performance of the converter has been verified using Gallium Nitride (GaN) power switches. Circuit description and a brief comparative study with existing MLIs are given to justify the suitability of the topology.

Published
2021

38. Efficiency Improvement Scheme for PV Emulator Based on a Physical Equivalent PV-Cell Model

Author

Khawaldeh, HA, Al-Soeidat, M, Farhangi, M, Lu, DD-C, Li, L, Khawaldeh, HA, Al-Soeidat, M, Farhangi, M, Lu, DD-C, and Li, L

Abstract

Recently, a photovoltaic (PV) emulator is proposed which is based on a combination of a constant current source and a one-diode photovoltaic model. Its superior dynamic performance is compatible with that of a real PV system. Although it is power efficient at the maximum power point (MPP), it suffers from high power loss around and at the open-circuit voltage (OCV) operation condition. The PV emulator can be used for PV system analysis and testing, such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This paper presents a new switching circuit which is placed in parallel with the diode string to minimize the power loss. The switching circuit consists of a two-switch non-inverting buck-boost DC/DC converter. When the operating point of the PV emulator moves from the current source region to the voltage source region, the converter, which is more efficient, switches in to replace the diode string seamlessly to maintain the circuit operation of the emulator. Experimental results show that in the worst case scenario, i.e. OCV condition, the efficiency and temperature of the proposed solution reach 81.47% and 30.1 °C respectively, as compared with 2.8% and 94.2 °C respectively for the diode string only case. In terms of dynamic response, the proposed PV emulator lags the real PV panel by only 3.5 ms as compared with 120 ms by a commercial emulator under the 30% to 60% insolation change test.

Published
2021

43. Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)

Author

Kinyoki, DK, Ross, JM, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Munro, SB, Schaeffer, LE, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abbastabar, H, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, ND, Abebo, TA, Abegaz, KH, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abushouk, AI, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Adabi, M, Adebiyi, AO, Adedeji, IA, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, AM, Adetokunboh, OO, Adham, D, Aduroja, PE, Advani, SM, Afarideh, M, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, R, Ajumobi, O, Akal, CG, Akalu, TY, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, S, Alamene, GM, Alanzi, TM, Rabanal, JEA, Alema, NM, Ali, BA, Ali, M, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, SM, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Amare, AT, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Rarani, MA, Amiri, F, Amit, AML, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, ZA, Antonio, CAT, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Araya, EM, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Asgari, S, Asghari, B, Ashagre, AF, Asrat, AA, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, HT, Atnafu, DD, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Kinyoki, DK, Ross, JM, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Munro, SB, Schaeffer, LE, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abbastabar, H, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, ND, Abebo, TA, Abegaz, KH, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abushouk, AI, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Adabi, M, Adebiyi, AO, Adedeji, IA, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, AM, Adetokunboh, OO, Adham, D, Aduroja, PE, Advani, SM, Afarideh, M, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, R, Ajumobi, O, Akal, CG, Akalu, TY, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, S, Alamene, GM, Alanzi, TM, Rabanal, JEA, Alema, NM, Ali, BA, Ali, M, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, SM, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Amare, AT, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Rarani, MA, Amiri, F, Amit, AML, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, ZA, Antonio, CAT, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Araya, EM, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Asgari, S, Asghari, B, Ashagre, AF, Asrat, AA, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, HT, Atnafu, DD, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, EFGA, and Awasthi, A

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020

44. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Author

Kinyoki, DK, Ross, JM, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Munro, SB, Schaeffer, LE, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abbastabar, H, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, ND, Abebo, TA, Abegaz, KH, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abushouk, AI, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Adabi, M, Adebiyi, AO, Adedeji, IA, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, AM, Adetokunboh, OO, Adham, D, Aduroja, PE, Advani, SM, Afarideh, M, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, R, Ajumobi, O, Akal, CG, Akalu, TY, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, S, Alamene, GM, Alanzi, TM, Rabanal, JEA, Alema, NM, Ali, BA, Ali, M, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, SM, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Amare, AT, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Rarani, MA, Amiri, F, Amit, AML, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, ZA, Antonio, CAT, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Araya, EM, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Asgari, S, Asghari, B, Ashagre, AF, Asrat, AA, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, HT, Atnafu, DD, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Kinyoki, DK, Ross, JM, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Munro, SB, Schaeffer, LE, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abbastabar, H, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, ND, Abebo, TA, Abegaz, KH, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abushouk, AI, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Adabi, M, Adebiyi, AO, Adedeji, IA, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, AM, Adetokunboh, OO, Adham, D, Aduroja, PE, Advani, SM, Afarideh, M, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, R, Ajumobi, O, Akal, CG, Akalu, TY, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, S, Alamene, GM, Alanzi, TM, Rabanal, JEA, Alema, NM, Ali, BA, Ali, M, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, SM, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Amare, AT, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Rarani, MA, Amiri, F, Amit, AML, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, ZA, Antonio, CAT, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Araya, EM, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Asgari, S, Asghari, B, Ashagre, AF, Asrat, AA, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, HT, Atnafu, DD, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, EFGA, and Awasthi, A

Abstract

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.

Published
2020

45. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Author

Kinyoki, D. K., Ross, J. M., Lazzar-Atwood, A., Munro, S. B., Schaeffer, L. E., Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M., Abbasi, M., Abbastabar, H., Abdelalim, A., Abdoli, A., Abdollahi, M., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulkader, R. S., Abebe, N. D., Abebo, T. A., Abegaz, K. H., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Uddin, Riaz, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Lamichhane, Prabhat, Kinyoki, D. K., Ross, J. M., Lazzar-Atwood, A., Munro, S. B., Schaeffer, L. E., Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M., Abbasi, M., Abbastabar, H., Abdelalim, A., Abdoli, A., Abdollahi, M., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulkader, R. S., Abebe, N. D., Abebo, T. A., Abegaz, K. H., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Uddin, Riaz, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, and Lamichhane, Prabhat

Published
2020

49. The global burden of childhood and adolescent cancer in 2017: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Force, LM, Abdollahpour, I, Advani, SM, Agius, D, Ahmadian, E, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alebel, A, Alipour, V, Allen, CA, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alvarez, EM, Amini, S, Amoako, YA, Anber, NH, Arabloo, J, Artaman, A, Atique, S, Awasthi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Basaleem, H, Bekru, ET, Bijani, A, Bogale, KA, Car, M, Carvalho, F, Castro, C, Catalá-López, F, Chu, DT, Costa, VM, Darwish, AH, Demeke, FM, Demis, AB, Demoz, GT, Dharmaratne, SD, Do, HP, Doan, LP, Dubey, M, Eftekhari, A, El-Khatib, Z, Emamian, MH, Abbasalizad Farhangi, M, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Fouladi Fard, R, Friedrich, PM, Fukumoto, T, Gedefaw, GA, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Harvey, JD, Hassen, HY, Hay, SI, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Horita, N, Hosseini, SN, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hsairi, M, Hudson, MM, Innos, K, Jalilian, F, James, SL, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Kassebaum, NJ, Keiyoro, PN, Khader, YS, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kirby, J, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kocarnik, JM, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Mägi, M, Malik, MA, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Massenburg, BB, Mehta, V, Meles, HG, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mir, SM, Mohammad, DK, Darwesh, AM, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadibakhsh, R, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mokdad, AH, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, and Moossavi, M

Subjects
Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: Accurate childhood cancer burden data are crucial for resource planning and health policy prioritisation. Model-based estimates are necessary because cancer surveillance data are scarce or non-existent in many countries. Although global incidence and mortality estimates are available, there are no previous analyses of the global burden of childhood cancer represented in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Methods: Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 methodology, childhood (ages 0–19 years) cancer mortality was estimated by use of vital registration system data, verbal autopsy data, and population-based cancer registry incidence data, which were transformed to mortality estimates through modelled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Childhood cancer incidence was estimated using the mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated by using MIR to model survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the difference between the age of death and a reference life expectancy. DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. Final point estimates are reported with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: Globally, in 2017, there were 11·5 million (95% uncertainty interval 10·6–12·3) DALYs due to childhood cancer, 97·3% (97·3–97·3) of which were attributable to YLLs and 2·7% (2·7–2·7) of which were attributable to YLDs. Childhood cancer was the sixth leading cause of total cancer burden globally and the ninth leading cause of childhood disease burden globally. 82·2% (82·1–82·2) of global childhood cancer DALYs occurred in low, low-middle, or middle Socio-demographic Index locations, whereas 50·3% (50·3–50·3) of adult cancer DALYs occurred in these same locations. Cancers that are uncategorised in the current GBD framework comprised 26·5% (26·5–26·5) of global childhood cancer DALYs. Interpretation: The GBD 2017 results call attention to the substantial burden of childhood cancer globally, which disproportionately affects populations in resource-limited settings. The use of DALY-based estimates is crucial in demonstrating that childhood cancer burden represents an important global cancer and child health concern. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC), and St. Baldrick's Foundation.

Published
2019

50. Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Author

Burstein, R, Henry, NJ, Collison, ML, Marczak, LB, Sligar, A, Watson, S, Marquez, N, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abrigo, MRM, Acharya, D, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Afshari, M, Aghaali, M, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadpour, E, Ahmed, R, Akal, CG, Akinyemi, JO, Alahdab, F, Alam, N, Alamene, GM, Alene, KA, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almalki, MJ, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Amit, AML, Anbari, Z, Androudi, S, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Armoon, B, Arora, A, Artaman, A, Asadi, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Ashraf-Ganjouei, A, Assadi, R, Ataeinia, B, Atre, SR, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayanore, MA, Azari, S, Babaee, E, Babazadeh, A, Badawi, A, Bagheri, S, Bagherzadeh, M, Baheiraei, N, Balouchi, A, Barac, A, Bassat, Q, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Belay, YB, Bell, B, Bell, ML, Berbada, DA, Bernstein, RS, Bhattacharjee, NV, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bohlouli, S, Breitborde, NJK, Britton, G, Browne, AJ, Nagaraja, SB, Busse, R, Butt, ZA, Car, J, Cárdenas, R, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Cerin, E, Chanie, WF, Chatterjee, P, Chu, DT, Burstein, R, Henry, NJ, Collison, ML, Marczak, LB, Sligar, A, Watson, S, Marquez, N, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abrigo, MRM, Acharya, D, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Afshari, M, Aghaali, M, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadpour, E, Ahmed, R, Akal, CG, Akinyemi, JO, Alahdab, F, Alam, N, Alamene, GM, Alene, KA, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almalki, MJ, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Amit, AML, Anbari, Z, Androudi, S, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Armoon, B, Arora, A, Artaman, A, Asadi, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Ashraf-Ganjouei, A, Assadi, R, Ataeinia, B, Atre, SR, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayanore, MA, Azari, S, Babaee, E, Babazadeh, A, Badawi, A, Bagheri, S, Bagherzadeh, M, Baheiraei, N, Balouchi, A, Barac, A, Bassat, Q, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Belay, YB, Bell, B, Bell, ML, Berbada, DA, Bernstein, RS, Bhattacharjee, NV, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bohlouli, S, Breitborde, NJK, Britton, G, Browne, AJ, Nagaraja, SB, Busse, R, Butt, ZA, Car, J, Cárdenas, R, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Cerin, E, Chanie, WF, Chatterjee, P, and Chu, DT

Abstract

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations.

Published
2019

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