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Approximately 31% of patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 are living with symptoms of long COVID in the United States. Long COVID significantly reduces quality of life and increases morbidity and disability; however, treatment options are limited. Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) is an FDA-approved, non-invasive treatment for the management of cardiovascular symptoms with a mechanism of action which stimulates pathways that induce endothelial homeostasis, improving microvascular function, inflammation, and immune regulation, thereby potentially targeting the underlying etiology of long COVID. We recently reported that EECP improved symptoms in 231 patients with long COVID. Previous studies assessing the effects of EECP for long COVID have lacked a control group. As such, this analysis is the first comparing outcomes in patients with long COVID undergoing EECP (n = 33) to a non-treated group (control, n = 33). The patients were matched for baseline characteristics, and all patients completed patient-reported outcome assessments, including PROMIS Fatigue, the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), and the Rose Dyspnea Scale (RDS), two times within a specified time interval. When comparing the average change from baseline in both groups, the EECP-treated patients’ improvement was significantly greater than the improvement in the control group across all measured endpoints, including PROMIS Fatigue (−15.0 ± 8.9 vs. −2.8 ± 5.9, p < 0.001) and DASI (+17.8 (11.8, 26.8) vs. +1.8 (−3.5, 5.5), p < 0.001), and there was an improvement of ≥1 in the RDS class (75.8% vs. 33.3%, p < 0.001). This study’s limitations include the small sample size and lack of information regarding concurrent treatments or interventions in the non-treated group; however, these preliminary data support EECP as a potential low-risk treatment option for patients with long COVID.

When applied to a rotating disk, Maxwell nanofluids have a wide range of applications in various fields. They provide increased heat transfer efficiency in cooling systems, which is essential for preserving the ideal operating temperatures of spinning gears like disk brakes and turbines. Furthermore, Maxwell nanofluids in microfluidic devices provide improved fluid manipulation and control, improving performance in applications such as microscale pumps and lab-on-a-chip systems. This article has numerically examined the magneto-bio-convection flow of Maxwell, which includes nanofluid, past a disk surface based on these applications. We present the model equations in PDE format, then shift them to ODEs using the appropriate variables. We utilize the bvp4c approach to obtain numerical solutions to the modeled equations. We also take into account the effects of thermal radiation, heat sources, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, chemical reactivity, and activation energy. We find that a higher stretching/shrinking variable has enhanced the radial velocity profile, while simultaneously diminishing the axial and angular velocity field. While the velocity profiles in the axial direction and redial direction have reduced with larger magnitude of Maxwell fluid variable. The thermal distributions have risen due to higher magnetic, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, heat sources, and thermal radiation components. Thermophoresis, magnetic and thermal radiation, heat sources, and Brownian motion all contribute to an increase in heat transfer rates.

The study of fluid dynamics in the context of flow across a rotating disk is highly important since it has extensive applications in multiple industries, as well as in engineering and scientific fields. The objective of our current research is to investigate the heat transfer in the vicinity of a Stagnation Point of a Maxwell nanofluid flow passing over a porous rotating disk. A rotating disc is a phenomenon where a circular arc is formed at every point on the disc as it rotates uniformly around an axis. The shear stress at the interface between the disc and the spinning fluid provides information about the amount of power required to overcome friction and move the disc and the heat transfer is influenced by the alterations in the flow field inside the region. The heat and mass movement are studied in the context of a chemical process. Firstly, convert the PDEs into ODEs, suitable self-similarity transformation is used. After applying transformations, for graphical purpose we have used the Bvp4c technique. A variety of graphs (2D, Contour, vector plots, and Stream lines) and tables depict the impact of active parameters on the fluid's capacity to transfer significance. Velocity outline decreases for the greater values of the Deborah number values. The temperature profile improved with an improvement in the Nb parameter, while the opposite trend we noticed on ϕ(ζ). The findings of this study will have advantages in various fields, including transportation operations, architectural design systems, increased oil recovery systems, and medicinal applications that utilize nanofluids.

Developing effective environmental performance (EP) is a significant challenge for every organization. The present paper examines the effect of green competence building (GCB), green empowerment (GE) and green passion (GP) on EP. Besides, the paper also examines the mediating effect of GE and GP on GCB and EP. The study is quantitative, where researchers collected 298 responses from administrative and faculty staff of different public sector universities of Saudi Arabia employing a survey questionnaire. The PLS-SEM analysis exerts a positive influence of GCB on EP and GP. On the other hand, the effect of GCB on GE is not statistically significant. Moreover, the GP factor is a positive predictor of GE and EP. Finally, GE has a positive effect on EP. Concerning mediating effects, GE mediates the connection between GCB and EP. On the other hand, GP does not mediate the association between GCB and EP, and GE also does not develop the association between GP and EP. Based on the findings, the study recommends that policymakers and university authorities focus on developing an environment full of environmental awareness and skills among individuals within an organization. The study enriches and creates enthusiasm and commitment for the environment, where individuals engage in environmentally friendly behaviours and bring robust environmental sustainability. The study also recommends that organizations prioritize GCB to enhance EP and GP while nurturing a culture that inspires a passion for sustainability.

Nanoparticles enhance the heat transmission by recovering energy that was dissipated due to increased thermal conductivity. Engine oil, commonly known as a lubricant, facilitates the movement of energy between various substances. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the impact of the Maxwell fluid and entropy generation on the movement of ternary hybrid nanoparticles as they flow past a Riga plate under convective boundary conditions. The ternary nanoparticles [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are combined with engine oil ([Formula: see text]) as the primary liquid. The heat transfer analysis involves the examination of heat sink/source and thermal radiation. The use of a similarity transformation is employed to convert partial differential equations (PDEs) into a dimensionless form. The altered equation is subsequently solved with the homotopy analysis method (HAM), a robust analytical technique. The current analysis is marked by convergence, which denotes the answer. The impact of flow properties, such as the Maxwell parameter, modified Hartmann number, thermal radiation, and Biot number, on the velocity distribution and temperature profile. Higher values of the Maxwell fluid parameter have been shown to result in an increase in the velocity curve. The skin friction and heat transmission variances are elucidated through the utilization of tables and figures. Moreover, the findings suggest that the thermal layer of the tri hybrid nanoliquid is strengthened in reaction to higher thermal radiation and Biot number. At the same time, the thermal layer is also strengthened.

Stretching cylinders play a crucial role in the plastic and metal extrusion processes. This current investigation is to examine the Darcy Forchheimer flow of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/water-based tri-hybrid nanofluid through a stretching cylinder. A composite of ternary hybrid nanofluid containing MoS2, TiO2 and Ag with CMC-water-based fluid has been added to the Crossflow model. The equations regulating motion and the equation for entropy generation are both formulated using cylindrical coordinates. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) equations have been transformed into an ordinary differential equations (ODEs) system using a similar scaling operation. Afterward, the BVP4c function employs the finite difference method and then implements the Lobatto IIIa formula. To fully understand how the flow behaves close to the cylinder's surface, the effects of these various factors on the number of entropy generation, Bejan number, the speed of the flow, the temperature and concentration distributions have been carefully studied. The result reveals that enhancing the values of Weissenberg number We and the porosity parameter declines the velocity profile. An increment in the curvature parameter β declines the velocity gradient and temperature distribution. In addition, enhancement in the radiation parameter escalates the entropy minimization and Bejan number. Furthermore, the impact of drag friction, heat, and mass are displayed in tabular form and elaborated suitably. The outcomes are authenticated with previously published literature for accuracy and authenticity.

The combination of microbes and nanofluids has noteworthy consequences for technological and engineering progress, particularly in the realm of heat transfer applications. This study explains radiative flow with chemical reactions affect the emergence of microorganisms in magnetic mixed convective Williamson nanofluid flow. The Cattaneo-Christov heat flux theory and the effects of heat source/sink have been examined about the energy equation. The prime idea of this analysis is to enhance heat and mass transport. The modelled equations have been converted to dimensionless by considering suitable alteration. The dimensionless expression is then numerically tackled using MATLAB's bvp4c approach. The graphs for different profiles—that is, momentum, temperature, concentration and concentration of microorganisms that move—are made visible for particular nondimensional factors. Furthermore, entropy generation minimization has been obtained through law of thermodynamics. The drag friction, heat and mass transfer rate, and microbe density are also computed in a tabular manner. The most important findings that are pertinent to this study are that an increase in the values of the Brownian motion, thermal radiation and thermophoresis significantly enhance heat transfer characteristics. A consistent pattern can be observed when comparing the current results with earlier research.

Groundwater contamination poses a severe public health risk in Lahore, Pakistan’s second-largest city, where over-exploited aquifers are the primary municipal and domestic water supply source. This study presents the first comprehensive district-wide assessment of groundwater quality across Lahore using an innovative integrated approach combining geographic information systems (GIS), multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), and water quality indexing techniques. The core objectives were to map the spatial distributions of critical pollutants like arsenic, model their impacts on overall potability, and evaluate targeted remediation scenarios. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology was applied to derive weights for the relative importance of diverse water quality parameters based on expert judgments. Arsenic received the highest priority weight (0.28), followed by total dissolved solids (0.22) and hardness (0.15), reflecting their significance as health hazards. Weighted overlay analysis in GIS delineated localized quality hotspots, unveiling severely degraded areas with very poor index values (>150) in urban industrial zones like Lahore Cantt, Model Town, and parts of Lahore City. This corroborates reports of unregulated industrial effluent discharges contributing to aquifer pollution. Prospective improvement scenarios projected that reducing heavy metals like arsenic by 30% could enhance quality indices by up to 20.71% in critically degraded localities like Shalimar. Simulating advanced multi-barrier water treatment processes showcased an over 95% potential reduction in arsenic levels, indicating the requirement for deploying advanced oxidation and filtration infrastructure aligned with local contaminant profiles. The integrated decision support tool enables the visualization of complex contamination patterns, evaluation of remediation options, and prioritizing risk-mitigation investments based on the spatial distribution of hazard exposures. This framework equips urban planners and utilities with critical insights for developing targeted groundwater quality restoration policies through strategic interventions encompassing treatment facilities, drainage infrastructure improvements, and pollutant discharge regulations. Its replicability across other regions allows for tackling widespread groundwater contamination challenges through robust data synthesis and quantitative scenario modeling capabilities.

Sets, probability, and neutrosophic logic are all topics covered by neutrosophy. Moreover, the classical set, fuzzy set, and intuitionistic fuzzy set are generalized using the neutrosophic set. A neutrosophic set is a mathematical concept used to solve problems with inconsistent, ambiguous, and inaccurate data. In this article, we demonstrate some basic fixed-point theorems for any even number of compatible mappings in complete neutrosophic metric spaces. Our primary findings expand and generalize the findings previously established in the literature.

The complex phenomenon of heat transfer plays a pivotal role in a broad spectrum of mechanical and industrial applications, ranging from space and nuclear reactor cooling to medicinal applications like magnetic drug targeting, energy production, heat conduction in biological tissues, among others. Historically, Fourier's law of heat conduction has served as a predictive model for heat transfer in numerous practical scenarios. However, this model's limitation is its generation of a parabolic energy expression, implying an immediate influence on the system by any initial disturbance. Numerous researchers have attempted to address this issue, leading to the Cattaneo's modification to Fourier's law, which introduces a relaxation time for heat flux, meaning the time needed to achieve stable heat conduction following the imposition of a temperature gradient. Christov later tweaked this model into a material invariant version, integrating the upper-connected derivative from the Oldroyd model. These models, now collectively termed as the Cattaneo-Christov (CC) model, form the core of the present study. In this study, we explore the mixed convective MHD Falkner-Skan Suttberby nanofluid flow towards a wedge surface, in the presence of a mixed convection. A two-phase nanofluid based C–C model is utilized to apply the nano-concept. The nonlinear equation system is solved using the bvp4c technique in MATLAB. The effects of various parameters including the magnetic field strength, wedge angle, nanoparticle volume fraction, and Prandtl number on the velocity and temperature profiles are discussed. The results show that the velocity increases with the magnetic parameter, wedge angle, and nanoparticle fraction, while the temperature decreases or increases depending on the suction or injection conditions. The Nusselt numbers and solutal transport rate are also reported for different parameter values. Overall, the study demonstrates that the non-Fourier C–C model yields significantly different solutal and heat transfer characteristics compared to the classical Fourier law. The results provide useful insights into the heat transfer behavior of nanofluids in stagnation point flows over geometries with complex shapes, which have practical applications in areas such as aerodynamics and thermal management of electronic devices.

Although the use of heterosis in maize breeding has increased crop productivity, the genetic causes underlying heterosis for nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) have been insufficiently investigated. In this study, five N-response traits and five low-N-tolerance traits were investigated using two inbred line populations (ILs) consisting of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) and advanced backcross (ABL) populations, derived from crossing Ye478 with Wu312. Both populations were crossed with P178 to construct two testcross populations. IL populations, their testcross populations, and the midparent heterosis (MPH) for NUE were investigated. Kernel weight, kernel number, and kernel number per row were sensitive to N level and ILs showed higher N response than did the testcross populations. Based on a high-density linkage map, 138 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped, each explaining 5.6%–38.8% of genetic variation. There were 52, 34 and 52 QTL for IL populations, MPH, and testcross populations, respectively. The finding that 7.6% of QTL were common to the ILs and their testcross populations and that 11.7% were common to the MPH and testcross population indicated that heterosis for NUE traits was regulated by non-additive and non-dominant loci. A QTL on chromosome 5 explained 27% of genetic variation in all of the traits and Gln1-3 was identified as a candidate gene for this QTL. Genome-wide prediction of NUE traits in the testcross populations showed 14%–51% accuracy. Our results may be useful for clarifying the genetic basis of heterosis for NUE traits and the candidate gene may be used for genetic improvement of maize NUE.

The analysis and interpretation of enormous amounts of data generated by 5G networks present several challenges related to noise, precision, and feasibility validation. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of channel equalisation in the network and enhance it by distributing signals over all subcarriers and symbols. The error-free signal received ensures the reliable transmission of signals in the network connection. These simulations were undertaken to fulfil the needs of and adapt the transmission properties according to the specific conditions of the channel. The dataset consists of artificially generated radio waves to train signals through neural networks (NNs) and machine learning algorithms to detect errors properly. The primary objective is to achieve optimal signal performance. In this regard, an artificial neural network (ANN) was initially employed, explicitly utilising the back-propagation technique and a feedforward multilayer perceptron (MLP). In addition, the signals were subjected to train using a real-time simulator, employing feedforward neural network and support vector machine (SVM) to validate the proposed methodology. Feedforward MLP achieved the highest performance in simulations compared to SVM. The scheme is promising to achieve optimal signal performance in real-time.

It is well recognized that heterocyclic compounds have exceptional biomedical applications, which has led scientists to become increasingly interested in their use in this field in the recent past. It is the aim of this study, using a multistep method based on thiazolidinone derivative synthesis, to synthesize thiazolidinone derivatives derived from pyrazine molecules (1–12). As a result of analyzing 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HREI-MS data, the structures of these derivatives were determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these drugs was also determined alongside the donepezil (IC50 = 10.10 ± 0.10 µM) to determine their potential as anti-Alzheimer agents. Among the screened derivatives, 1 (IC50 = 4.10 ± 0.20 µM), 2 (IC50 = 2.20 ± 0.20 µM), 4 (IC50 = 2.30 ± 0.20 µM), 5 (IC50 = 5.80 ± 0.30 µM), 6 (IC50 = 6.30 ± 0.20 µM), 8 (IC50 = 5.20 ± 0.10 µM), 9 (IC50 = 5.20 ± 0.40 µM), 10 (IC50 = 8.30 ± 0.40 µM), and 11 (IC50 = 8.10 ± 0.70 µM) showed potent activity. In addition, the synthesized moieties were screened against E. coli to determine whether there were any antimicrobial properties. It was found that most of the compounds were more potent inhibitors of bacterial growth in comparison to streptomycin, the reference drug. There have been several molecular docking experiments conducted to gain a deeper understanding of how these compounds interact with the active sites of enzymes to gain a greater understanding of their functional mechanisms.

The current investigation explores the effect of activation energy on the MHD radiative Williamson nanofluid flow across a wedge using heat generation and binary chemical reactivity. The flow model consists of partial differential equations (PDEs) by transforming them into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Numerical computations have been carried out through the bvp4c MATLAB package. The most effective solutions for flow profiles have been displayed through graphs, while the numeric solutions for the drag friction, heat, and mass transport have been displayed via tables. Numerical findings demonstrate that the temperature field is accelerated by the increase in radiation parameter. In addition, it is intriguing to discover that the concentration boundary layer thickness improves as the activation energy increases. A fundamental study further reveals that the local skin friction coefficient is a rising function of thermal and concentration Grashof numbers. Moreover, it is concluded that the enhanced Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and Eckert number decline the heat transfer rate.

Abstract In this study we analyzed the flow, heat and mass transfer behavior of Casson nanofluid past an exponentially stretching surface under the impact of activation energy, Hall current, thermal radiation, heat source/sink, Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Transverse magnetic field with the assumption of small Reynolds number is implemented vertically. The governing partial nonlinear differential equations of the flow, heat and mass transfer are transformed into ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and solved numerically by using Matlab bvp4c package. The impact of each of the Hall current parameter, thermal radiation parameter, heat source/sink parameter, Brownian motion parameter, Prandtl number, thermophoresis parameter and magnetic parameter on velocity, concentration and temperature, is discussed through graphs. The skin friction coefficient along the x-and z-directions, the local Nusselt number and the Sherwood number are calculated numerically to look into the inside behavior of the emerging parameters. It is witnessed that the flow velocity is a diminishing function of the thermal radiation parameter and the behavior has observed in the case of Hall parameter. Moreover, mounting values of Brownian motion parameter reduce the nanoparticle concentration profile.

Myasthenia in the infancy and toddler age group is rare and often presents a challenge to treating pediatric neurologists. Our report addresses the challenges encountered when distinguishing myasthenia in infants and toddlers from similar illnesses, as well as the differentiation between congenital myasthenia, transient myasthenia, and autoimmune myasthenia. We present four cases of myasthenia between the ages of 10 and 30 months. The diagnosis and management of these cases were challenging due to the variability in clinical presentation. Four cases of myasthenia were diagnosed, with three having autoimmune myasthenia and one having congenital myasthenic syndrome. One patient initially tested negative for acetylcholine receptor antibodies, but later tested positive after 4 months and had a rare facial diplegia finding. The patient with congenital myasthenic syndrome had a novel genetic mutation, DPAGT1 homozygous variants, and also had false positive acetylcholine receptor antibodies. These cases highlight the importance of genetic testing for all infants and toddlers suspected of having myasthenia.

This paper shows the stagnant point flow of Powell-Eyring hybrid nanofluids due to a stretching sheet. The Xue and Yamada-Ota based on hybrid nanoliquid have been subjected to a comparison study that has been scrutinized. The suspension of two nanoparticles AA 7072 and AA 7075 with base fluid Ethylene glycol ( EG ) is studied through hybrid nanoliquid. With the implementation of the noteworthy suitable alteration, the system of equations in terms of ODEs is established. The bvp4c technique is then applied to obtain the numerical solution of reduced ODEs. The significance of physical quantities over thermal, velocity, force friction, and heat transport are elaborated in tabular form and also in graphical form. During this analysis, the Xue model produced less heat transport as compared to the Yamada-Ota hybrid nanofluid. The result shows that the Xue model produces less heat gradient equated to the Yamada-Ota model. The velocity profile is enhanced and the thermal profile has decayed with the larger value of the fluid parameter.

Abstract The impact of chemical reaction and activation energy plays a vital role in the analysis of fluid dynamics and its thermal properties. The application of the flow of fluid is significantly considered in nuclear reactors, automobiles, manufacturing setups, electronic appliances etc. This study explores the impacts of activation energy and chemical reaction on the magnetohydrodynamic Darcy–Forchheimer squeezed Casson fluid flow through a porous material across the horizontal channel where the two parallel plates are assumed to be in motion. By using similarity variables, partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations. Numerical method is applied using MATLAB to solve the problems and acquire the data for velocity field, thermal distribution, and concentration distribution. The graphs indicate that fluid velocity and temperature increases as the plates are brought closer. In addition, there was a correlation between a rise in the Hartmann number and a decrease in the fluid's velocity because of the existence of strong Lorentz forces. The temperature and the concentration of the liquid will increase due to the Brownian motion. When the Darcy–Forchheimer and activation energy parameters are both increased, the velocity and concentration decreases.

This study addresses CuO-TiO2/CMC-water hybridnano-liquid in the influence of mixed convection flow and thermal radiative flow past a stretchable vertical surface. Cross nanofluid containing Titanium dioxide (TiO2), and Copper Oxide (CuO) are scattered in a base fluid of kind CMC water. In addition, theirreversibility analysis is also examined in the current problem. A suitable transformation is utilized to transmute the momentum and thermal mathematical expression in non-dimensionless form. Further, the BVP utilizer is set to solve these mathematical expressions. The significance of leading variables on the velocity, entropy generation,temperature, and Bejan numberare displayed and elaborated through the aid ofgraphs. The outcomes demonstrate that the larger values of the Weissenberg number reduce the velocity and entropy profiles while escalatingthe temperature distribution and Bejan number. The drag friction and heat transfer rate are enhanced by exceeding the value of the mixed convective parameter and Biot number. The motive of this manuscript is to give more interest of entropy production study with heat and fluid flow on Cross fluid with nanoparticles and base fluid to develop the system performance. The current work is existed with the previous literaure and obtain a fantastic achievement.

Background Ophthalmic trauma caused by intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) can impact visual prognosis by generating direct ocular structural damage. Factors bearing poor visual prognosis are related to size and velocity of IOFB, location in posterior segment with associated retinal detachment or endophthalmitis. Current study is aimed to evaluate size and location of IOFB and associated ocular structural damage. Methods In this retrospective study done at single tertiary center, patients injured by IOFBs were analyzed between January, 2010 to January, 2021 for ocular structural damage caused by size, velocity and location of impacted IOFB. All were assessed for corneal or scleral perforation and other structural damage due to IOFB. Location, route of retrieval and size of IOFB was measured. Results All 41 eyes were operated for removal of metallic IOFB. Corneal repair was done in 90.2% and scleral repair in 9.8% eyes. Hyphema cleared in 53.6% eyes. Traumatic cataract in 85.4% requiring phacoemulsification, preexisting aphakia (previous surgery) and siderosis was seen in 2.4% eyes. Retinal detachment was present in 14.6% and endophthalmitis in 4.9% eyes. Location of IOFB was on iris and lens in 2.4% each, with 19.5% impacted in retina and 75.6% were isolated in vitreous cavity. Small size IOFB was 58.3%, medium size was 29.3%, large size was 4.9% and very large size was 7.3%. No eye was deformed requiring evisceration of enucleation. Corneal or scleral repair, phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular foreign body removal as one stage procedure was done in each case. Intraocular lens implantation was done where sufficient anterior or posterior capsule was present. Conclusion Trauma caused by IOFB is commonly seen at workplace in young male laborers. It usually presents as corneal or scleral perforation, traumatic cataract, endophthalmitis and retinal detachment. Level of structural damage to ocular structures is dependent on the size, velocity and location of IOFB impaction. One stage surgical intervention for wound closure and IOFB should be considered for better surgical prognosis.

Abstract Background Data literacy is increasingly important in today’s data-driven world. Students across many educational systems first formally learn about data in elementary school not as a separate subject but via the mathematics curriculum. This experience can create tensions in the priorities of learning and assessment given the presence of other foundational mathematics content domains such as numbers, algebra, measurement, and geometry. There is a need to study data literacy in comparison to these other content domains in elementary mathematics. To address this need, we developed a methodology motivated by thinking curriculum theory and aligned with international assessment framework, for comparative analysis across mathematics content domains. This methodology examined increasing levels of cognitive domains from knowing to applying to reasoning across mathematics content domains. Intended, assessed, and attained curricula were analyzed using Singapore as a case study, combined with broader comparisons to attainments in four East Asian countries in TIMSS, an international large-scale assessment. Results We found that learning in the data domain had very limited coverage in intended and assessed curricula in Singapore. However, compared to other mathematics content domains, the data curriculum placed heavier emphasis on higher-order cognitive domains including the use of generally difficult mixed data visualizations. This demanding curriculum in Singapore was associated with the highest attainment in the data domain among average 4th grade Singaporean students relative to students in four East Asian countries in TIMSS, as analyzed by quantile regression. However, lower-performing Singaporean students at the 10th percentile generally did not outperform their East Asian peers. We further found very limited applications of data in other mathematics domains or cross-domain learning more generally. Conclusion Our study offers a comparative analysis of the data curriculum in elementary school mathematics education. While the data curriculum was cognitively demanding and translated to very high average attainments of Singaporean students, the curriculum did not equally help weaker Singaporean students, with implications on current discourse on equity–excellence trade-off in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. Our study further highlights the lack of cross-domain learning in mathematics involving data. Despite the broad applicability of data science, elementary school students’ first formal experience with data may lack emphasis on its cross-domain applications, suggesting a need to further integrate data skills and competencies into the mathematics curriculum and beyond.

Nitrogen (N) is unevenly distributed throughout the soil and plant roots proliferate in N-rich soil patches. However, the relationship between the root response to localized N supply and maize N uptake efficiency among different genotypes is unclear. In this study, four maize varieties were evaluated to explore genotypic differences in the root response to local N application in relation to N uptake. A split-root system was established for hydroponically-grown plants and two methods of local N application (local banding and local dotting) were examined in the field. Genotypic differences in the root length response to N were highly correlated between the hydroponic and field conditions (r>0.99). Genotypes showing high response to N, ZD958, XY335 and XF32D22, showed 50–63% longer lateral root length and 36–53% greater root biomass in N-rich regions under hydroponic conditions, while the LY13 genotype did not respond to N. Under field conditions, the root length of the high-response genotypes was found to increase by 66–75% at 40–60 cm soil depth, while LY13 showed smaller changes in root length. In addition, local N application increased N uptake at the post-silking stage by 16–88% in the high-response genotypes and increased the grain yield of ZD958 by 10–12%. Moreover, yield was positively correlated with root length at 40–60 cm soil depth (r=0.39). We conclude that local fertilization should be used for high-response genotypes, which can be rapidly identified at the seedling stage, and selection for “local-N responsive roots” can be a promising trait in maize breeding for high nitrogen uptake efficiency.

These fundamental Theorems of classical analysis, namely Baire's Theorem and Cantor's Intersection Theorem in the context of Neutrosophic 2-metric spaces, are demonstrated in this article. Naschie discussed high energy physics in relation to the Baire's Theorem and the Cantor space in descriptive set theory. We describe, how to demonstrate the validity and uniqueness of the common fixed-point theorem for four mappings in Neutrosophic 2-metric spaces.

Tomato is one of the major economically domesticated crops, and it is extensively used in different ways and purposes worldwide. Cell metabolism is the central core of all the biological processes to sustain life including cell growth, differentiation, maintenance, and response to environmental stress. To evaluate how genetic engineering can improve tomato fruit metabolome, the transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets of two transgenic tomatoes (SlMX1 overexpression and RNAi lines) have been compared with wild-type. The combined results demonstrated that the constitutive expression of SlMX1 not only increased trichome formation, carotenoids, and terpenoids as has been stated in several studies, but has also up- and down-regulated the expression of multiple genes related to cell growth (cell wall turnover), primary (carbohydrates, vitamins, and phytohormones), and secondary (phenylpropanoids, carotenoids, and terpenoids) metabolism, cell signaling, and stress responses. These changes in gene expression due to the constitutive expression of SlMX1 promote the most important agroeconomic traits such as fruit yield and quality, biosynthesis of health-promoting phytochemicals (including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins), and finally, activate resistance to Botrytis cinerea and repress the expression of over-ripening-related genes, thus extending the fruit shelf-life. In conclusion, the traits improvement achieved by SlMX1 overexpression can be harnessed in molecular breeding programs to engineer fruit size and yield, induce health-promoting secondary metabolites, promote fungal resistance, and finally extend the fruit shelf-life.

The flow of fluid over a spinning disk has a broad scope of numerous applications. It is employed in various things, including medical equipment, the braking system of cars, gas turbines, plastic films, and glass production. As a result of these applications, we considered the phenomena of Darcy Forchheimer's three-dimensional flow on TiO2−Fe3O4 nanoparticles suspended in based CMC-water fluid. The influence of thermal radiation and convective conditions is studied. Moreover, the Buongiorno model is utilized to compute the Brownian motion and the thermophoretic effect. To generate the non-dimensionalized governing equations, suitable alterations are put into use. These equations are then utilized with Matlab BVP4c. Graphs are used to analyze the behavior of velocity distributions, and thermal and concentration profiles at different parameter values. In addition, the solutions to the flow problem have been analyzed in terms of several other physical variables on velocity, temperature, concentration, drag force, heat, and mass transfer. According to the findings, it is clear that an escalates in the value of the rotation parameter leads to an increase in the radial velocity and axial velocity. In contrast, an opposite pattern is followed in the Forchheimer number. Finally, some engineering quantities are evaluated numerically and presented in tabular forms.

Recent research has linked the improvement of extrusion features, rotatary heat process and biofuel production to the use of nanoparticles. The prime proposes of the current scrutinization is to inspect the MHD flow of Powell-Eyring fluid induce by the nanofluid and bioconvection flow through a spinning disk. Together with nanofluids, a blend of bioconvective is employed to improve the system's thermal performance which has applications in different technological systems. The flow is considered over a stretable spinning disk. The Buongiorno model has been produced to adequately reflect how the role of nanoliquid affects Brownian motion and thermophoresis characteristics. Arrhenius's activation energy has also been considered. By applying the suitable transformation, the obtained boundary layer expressions are altered into a set of ordinary differential expressions. The three stages Lobatto BVP4c technique is utilized for ordinary differential expressions. The influences of pertinent variables on different profiles are represented graphic form. The study demonstrates tangential and axial velocity reduces with larger magnitude of Ma as the opposite effect is noted for fluid parameters α1. Moreover, the concentration distributions enhance with rising values of κ and Ea . The results are calculated using previously published research, and excellent conformity is discovered.

Different research synthetic methods have been developed recently for the synthesis of bis-benzimidazole analogs to investigate various biological significances. In this present study, an attempt was made to synthesize a new series of bis-benzimidazole analogs in a fast and efficient method. A variety of spectroscopic techniques, including 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and HREI-MS, were used to establish the existence of every synthesized scaffold. Molecular docking profiles were also carried out to ascertain the binding interactions of the compounds. All derivatives (1–18) were evaluated for their biological potential to investigate the inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase through SAR study. Almost all derivatives were found to be engaged in a highly promising activity when compared to referenced drug acarbose (IC50 = 8.24 ± 0.08 µM), in this regard among the tested series analog 9 (IC50 = 0.10 ± 0.50 and 0.20 ± 0.50 µM respectively), showed excellent activity. Moreover, ADME predictions were also studied for potent compounds, exhibited drug like properties.

Here, we discuss the synthesis of thiosemicarbazide derivatives based on benzoxazole. These compounds were obtained via sequence of reactions. The targeted products were confirmed using a number of spectroscopic methods, including NMR (1H and 13C) and EI-MS. After spectral confirmation all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for urease and β-Glucuronidase inhibitory activity in order to explore their biological significances in the presence of standard drug thiourea (IC50 = 21.86 ± 0.40) and D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (IC50 value 22.00 ± 1.10 µM) respectively. Among the evaluated series, compounds 14 and 15 (1.10 and 0.01 and 2.20 and 0.60) were shown to have slightly greater potential than standard drugs. Anti-nematodal activity was also employed to explore the cytotoxic nature of synthesized analogs. In order to establish the binding relationship with enzyme active sites, molecular docking experiments were done and directions for compound modification based on SAR features were addressed. In addition, ADMET prediction study also investigated to found drug like properties of the potential analogs.

The cognitive radio network (CRN), an instrumental part of the next-generation wireless communication systems, is mainly dependent on spectrum sensing to function properly. The radio spectrum can help in clean energy transition and load capacity factors by providing a more efficient and accurate spectrum utilization. By using it, the number of spectrums that is used for communication can be optimized, which can reduce the amount of energy consumed by the network. Additionally, 5G radio spectrum sensing can be used to identify and classify different types of signals, which can help reduce the amount of interference in the network and improve the efficiency of energy utilization. It can also allow for the digitization of clean energy infrastructure and facilitate better decision-making processes that take into account environmental impacts while optimizing energy use because of its efficient characteristics like non-linearity, detection, scalability, robustness, generalization, non-stationarity in wireless environments, dynamic entity, weighted sum of Gaussian functions centered at specific frequencies, and robustness against noise and interference. It can adapt to noise and interference by adjusting its parameters, and this allows accurate distinguishing between primary and secondary users in the wireless spectrum, which is why a radial basis function is a popular choice for spectrum sensing in 5G networks. Radial basis function networks (RBFNs) can work better in 5G spectrum sensing for better signal classification, dynamic adaptation, fast detection, faster decision-making, and improved noise and interference reduction. One of the most sought-after goals in the field of wireless research is the creation of spectrum-sensing technology that is dependable and intelligent because multilayer learning approaches are inappropriate for dealing with time-series data due to the higher misclassification rate and inherent computational complexity. To address this, the study proposed the radial basis function network that learns the temporal aspects from spectral data and makes use of additional environmental statistics such as frequency, efficiency, energy, spectrum allocation, distance, and duty-cycle time, which are considered environmental data that may be used to fine-tune sensor performance. The scheme is simulated with real-time parameters, and the results are quite promising in terms of evaluation parameters.

The present study addressed the physical significance of the entropy generation for the mixed convection time-dependent flow of cross-hybrid nanoliquid due to the stretched surface at a stagnation point. The Plot for heat transport is discoursed by applying the role of thermal radiation under convective conditions. For hybrid nanofluid, engine oil is used as a base liquid with copper (II) oxide CuO and titanium dioxide TiO2 nanoparticles. The existing model is framed in the highly partial differential equation system. The governing equations have been transformed into a set of ODS's using a similar scaling operation. Following this, the resulting ODEs are solved numerically through the BVP4c. The primary goal of this research is to analyze the results of varying the stretching ratio parameter (λ), Weissenberg parameter (We), thermal radiation (Rd), and Biot number (Bi) for both pure TiO2 and CuO + TiO2/ EO hybrid nanofluid, on the velocity, temperature, drag force, heat transfer as well as entropy generation, and Bejan number was studied. A drop in velocity is observed with increasing values of the We and upsurge in velocity for rising value of unsteady parameter (A), while increasing values of both of these parameters are associated with rising temperatures. Copper and titanium oxide nanoparticles are used to increase Engine oil (EO) thermal enactment, making it a more useful base fluid. Further, some significant industrial and engineering applications are related to the present problem discourse.

The amalgamation of microorganisms in the nanofluid is significant in beautifying the thermal conductivity of several systems, such as microfluid devices, chip-shaped microdevices, and enzyme biosensors. The current investigation studies mixed convective flow of the entropy minimization of unsteady MHD tangent hyperbolic nanoliquid because a stretching surface has motile density via convective and slip conditions. For the novelty of this work, the variable transport characteristics caused by dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, nanoparticle mass permeability, and microbial organism diffusivity are considered. It is considered that the vertical sheet studying the flow. By using the appropriate alteration, the governing equations for the most recent flow analysis were altered into a non-dimension relation. Through MATLAB Software bvp4c, the PDE model equations have been made for these transformed equations. Engineering-relevant quantities against various physical variables include force friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and microorganism profiles. The results showed good consistency compared to the current literature. Moreover, these outcomes revealed that augmentation in the magnitude of the magnetic field and velocity slip parameter declines the velocity profile. The reverse impact is studied in We. In addition, heat transfer is typically improved by the influence of thermal radiation parameters, Brownian movement, and thermophoretic force. The physical interpretation has existed through graphical and tabular explanations.

This communication elaborates the irreversibility analysis of the flow of Prandtl nanofluid along with thermal radiation past a permeable stretched surface embedded in a Darcy-Forchheimer medium. The activation and chemical impressions along with effects of thermophoretic and Brownian motion are as well examined. The flow symmetry of the problem is modeled mathematically and leading equations are rehabilitated into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the assistance of suitable similarity variables. The Keller-box technique in MATLAB is employed to draw the impacts of the contributing elements on the velocity field, temperature distribution, and concentration. The impact of the Prandtl fluid parameter has mounting performance for the velocity whereas conflicting behavior is examined in the temperature profile. The achieved numerical results are matched correspondingly with the present symmetrical solutions in restrictive cases and fantastic agreement is scrutinized. In addition, the entropy generation uplifts for the growing values of the Prandtl fluid parameter, thermal radiation, and Brinkman number and decreases for growing numbers of the inertia coefficient parameter. It is also discovered that the coefficient of friction decreases for all parameters involved in the momentum equation. Features of nanofluids can be found in a variety of real-world fields, including microfluidics, industry, transportation, the military, and medicine.

Yuanyuan Fan,1,&ast; Nazeer Hussain Khan,1,&ast; Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan,2 MD Faysal Ahammad,3 Tayyaba Zulfiqar,2 Razia Virk,4 Enshe Jiang5 1School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; 3Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Bio-Sciences, University Wah, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; 5Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Enshe Jiang, Email esjiang@gmail.comAbstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy affecting women, and its incidence in younger women is rising worldwide. Early-onset of BC is a multi-step process involving various biological aggressive tumors such as triple negative and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive cancers. BC prevention is still arduous across the globe. A series of observational studies have established a conclusive non-genetic clinical link between hypertension (HTN) and the development of invasive BC. Those clinical associations have driven a pharmacological seek to use the anti-hypertension (AHTN) drugs as an effective adjunctive in BC therapy. The use of AHTN, especially beta-blockers and thiazides, has been recognized as a potent anti-tumor drug to mitigate BC progression, reduce the side effects of cancer treatment, and stop the reoccurrence of cancer in the survivors. Considering the dire need to disseminate the research on how AHTN drugs can be opted as the effective adjunctive therapy to cure the BC, the current review aimed to provide an update on novel understandings on association and mechanisms of AHTN-drugs against BC as an additional cancer therapy.Keywords: breast cancer, beta blockers, hypertension, hypertensive drugs, thiazides

There is an emerging, many-dimensional model of human functioning that has yet to be rigorously tested in adolescent psychopathology. The model is based, in part, on research suggesting stronger predictive power at the level of single items compared to the commonly used smaller number of higher-level constructs represented by scores or factors. Here, the model is tested in research relevant for the understanding how psychopathology relates to adolescent school enjoyment. We compared, explained, and clustered machine learning model results from a set of 99 self-reported items from different instruments that measured the behavioral and social-emotional problems of adolescents to predict school enjoyment. There is support for a many-dimensional model. Individual items had unique variances beyond noise that incrementally added out-of-sample predictive power above construct-level prediction, particularly for nonlinear machine learning classifiers. Explainable machine learning uncovered important predictors of low school enjoyment, and these were specific nuances of withdrawn/depressive behaviors, elevated fears and anxieties, lowered sensation-seeking, and some conduct problems—what we term risk nuances (cf. risk factors). Clustering further identified shared risk nuances among different groups of individuals with low school enjoyment. Our results suggest that item nuances are important in revealing many ways in which adolescents’ behavioral and social-emotional problems relate to school enjoyment at the individual and group levels. A many-dimensional model can complement current descriptive, predictive, and intervention efforts in adolescent psychopathology.

Some poor readers show little or no progress in literacy interventions as their susceptibility to the concreteness and neighborhood effect is not accounted for during intervention. This study aims to develop a resource for poor readers by revising the Dolch list to account for the concreteness and neighborhood (orthographic, phonological and semantic) effect. Psycholinguistic techniques were employed to recategorize 220 Dolch list words according to concreteness via function and content word categories, and include the associated orthographic, phonological and semantic neighbors of each word into a new High Frequency List with Neighbors (HFLN). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni post hoc test and Levene’s test of variance homogeneity were carried out as measures of statistical significance and variability. The HFLN contains a total of 220 words with 1057 neighbors across five function and content word categories. Both measures of statistical significance and variability show that grade categories in the Dolch list contain greater mean concreteness values with overlapping similarities and higher variability. Conversely, the HFLN effectively delineates concreteness value clusters between categories with lower variability. The HFLN aids in targeted intervention of poor readers by presenting the available orthographic, phonological and semantic neighbors according to the descending order of concreteness.

A series of benzimidazole-based Schiff base derivatives (1–18) were synthesized and structurally elucidated through 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HREI-MS analysis. Subsequently, these synthetic derivatives were subjected to evaluation for their inhibitory capabilities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). All these derivatives showed significant inhibition against AChE with an IC50 value in the range of 123.9 ± 10.20 to 342.60 ± 10.60 µM and BuChE in the range of 131.30 ± 9.70 to 375.80 ± 12.80 µM in comparison with standard Donepezil, which has IC50 values of 243.76 ± 5.70 µM (AChE) and 276.60 ± 6.50 µM (BuChE), respectively. Compounds 3, 5 and 9 exhibited potent inhibition against both AChE and BuChE. Molecular docking studies were used to validate and establish the structure–activity relationship of the synthesized derivatives.

In comparison to Newtonian fluids, non-Newtonian fluids have fascinating features in heat transportation. Here, newly type of Reiner-Rivlinnanoliquid flow over the revolving disk for viscous dissipation (VD) is being explored in a multiple-slip effect. The inclusion of gyrotactic microorganisms in the nanoliquid enhances the tendency of the nanoparticles. The idea of the intended model is enhanced by considering in the impact of activation energy, thermal radiative, heated convective conditions and entropy minimization. The system of nonlinear PDE is constructed into nonlinear ODE's by applying the von-Karman similarity method and later solved numerically using the BVP4c solver which is considered to study the complicated ordinary differential equations. TheInfluence of various parameters is elaborated and plotted physically through the graphical illustration. By contrasting the reported data in the restricted form to a previously published article, the accuracy of the current model has examined. The impact of a non-Newtonian fluid parameter over the velocity field appeared to showdpreciation in it. The results elucidate that when the wall slip coefficient is larger more torque is needed to maintain constant disk revaluation. Surface heat transmission and wall skin friction are computed for a wide variety of factors. These flows have several real world-applications, including modeling cases that occur in oceanography and geophysics, various industrial fields (such as lumber production).

Recycled concrete aggregate, waste rock, crushed stone aggregate, reclaimed asphalt pavement, crushed clay brick, fine recycled glass, and gravel are some of the things that are left behind when concrete buildings are torn down. These things are a big problem for many countries around the world. More and more people want to find smart ways to use the waste that these substances make. To protect the environment and natural resources and to keep damage to the environment to a minimum, it is important to deal with this issue locally. Several studies have shown that old concrete is strong and can be used as a green material. This will make construction cheaper in the long run. Thus, the goal of this research was to find out how well demolished concrete waste works and what its engineering properties are so that it could be used in the base and sub-base of road pavements. The old concrete waste aggregates were used to replace the new or fresh aggregates in a range from 0% to 100% by weight. When demolished concrete waste aggregates were used instead of new aggregates, the water absorption went up from 1.58 to 4.65%. This shows that the water-cement ratio got better. The crushing value went up from 26.54 to 55.29%, the impact value went up from 27.86 to 58.05%, and the abrasion value went up from 26.96 to 35.58%. Based on the results of this study, the sub-base of roads can be made from a mix of 50% recycled aggregates and 50% new aggregates. Reusing concrete waste from buildings that have been torn down as a sub-base material will help reach social, economic, and environmental sustainability.

Abstract Polyphagous aphids often consist of host‐specialized lineages, which have greater fitness on their native hosts than on others. The underlying causes are important for understanding of the evolution of diet breadth and host shift of aphids. The cotton‐melon aphid Aphis gossypii Glover is extremely polyphagous with many strict host‐specialized lineages. Whether and how the lineage specialized on the primary host hibiscus shifts to the secondary host cucumber remains elusive. We found that the hibiscus‐specialized lineage suffered high mortality and gave birth to very few nymphs developing into yellow dwarfs on fresh cucumber leaves, and did not inflict any damage symptoms on cucumber plants. The poor performance did not improve with prolonged exposure to cucumber; however, it did significantly improve when the cucumber leaves were pre‐infected with a biotrophic phytopathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis. More importantly, the hibiscus‐specialized lineage with two‐generation feeding experience on pre‐infected cucumber leaves performed as well as the cucumber‐specialized lineage did on fresh cucumber leaves, and inflicted typical damage symptoms on intact cucumber plants. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) indicated that the hibiscus‐specialized lineage did not ingest phloem sap from fresh cucumber leaves but succeeded in ingesting phloem sap from pre‐infected cucumber leaves, which explained the performance improvement of the hibiscus‐specialized lineage on pre‐infected cucumber leaves. This study revealed a new pathway for the hibiscus‐specialized lineage to quickly acclimate to cucumber under the assistance of the phytopathogen. We considered that the short feeding experience on pre‐infected cucumber may activate expression of effector genes that are related to specific host utilization. We suggest to identify host‐specific effectors by comparing proteomes or/and transcriptomes of the hibiscus‐specialized lineage before and after acclimating to cucumber.

Following improvements in devices used in biomedical engineering, cancer treatments, and thermal extrusion systems, this report explores the dynamics of Ree-Eyring nanofluid when subject to free convection, bioconvection, heat source, and thermal radiation over a convection-heated Riga plate. Bioconvection is assessed in light of the movement of the motile microorganisms that stabilize the dispersion of nanoparticles in the fluid. The impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion, critical in the flow of heat and mass is also considered, together with the convective boundary condition. In many manufacturing sectors, non-Newtonian nanofluid flow is a crucial cooling component. Based on these factors, partial differential equations—the governing equations that model the transportation phenomena—are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the relevant relations. Finally, the nonlinear differential equations are solved using the homotopy analysis method (HAM), and the solutions are displayed in graphs representing distinct fluid flow parameters. It is conclusively found that the skin friction coefficient increases as the mixed convection parameter value rises, while the opposite effect is seen as the bioconvection Rayleigh number grows.

Abstract A choledochal cyst (CC) is a rare congenital dilation of the biliary ductal system that can cause troublesome complications when left untreated. CC in children classically manifests as a rare triad of the right upper quadrant mass, jaundice, and abdominal pain. Here, we report the case of an eight-year-old boy seen in Paediatric Unit I of Dr Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan, on October 9, 2019, who was initially misdiagnosed for liver abscess due to the non-specific symptoms and managed appropriately with antibiotics, which failed to improve the symptoms. Moreover, a hydatid cyst was considered based on ultrasonography (USG) which was later ruled out by the negative serology. A definitive diagnosis of CC was established on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). In resource-limited countries, USG is always the first line screening tool for biliary duct abnormalities which in some cases is comprehensibly enough for ----Continue---

In this manuscript, we give sufficient conditions for a sequence to be Cauchy in the context of controlled fuzzy metric space. Furthermore, we generalize the concept of Banach’s contraction principle by utilizing several new contraction conditions and prove several fixed point results. Furthermore, we provide a number of non-trivial examples to validate the superiority of main results in the existing literature. At the end, we discuss an important application to the transformation of solar energy to electric power by utilizing differential equations.

This study investigates novel aspects of entropy generation in fully developed heat transport of Carreau fluid in a porous vertical microchannel. Consequences of thermal radiation and viscous heating are included in the thermal energy equation. The no-slip velocity and convective heating temperature boundary conditions are also considered. Darcy–Forchheimer model model is also considered. The system is solved using the bvp4c approach to solve a dimensional less two-point boundary value problem derived from the governing equations. The effect of effective factors on the Bejan number, entropy generation rate, temperature, and velocity are depicted in graphs. According to our analysis, increasing values of the Weissenberg number reduce entropy generation on the left and right sides of the channel, whereas the Bejan number improves on both sides of the channel and is highest in the middle. The fluid transport in a microchannel is enhanced by the pressure gradient. Because of the boundary conditions of convection heating at the microchannel walls, entropy production is at its maximum. Furthermore, the magnitude of the Bejan number is lessened due to a stronger viscous heating mechanism, whereas entropy production gets larger. The results were compared to those previously reported in the literature as a limiting case of the problem, and they were found to be in excellent agreement.

Materi membedakan ovipar dan vivipar yang guru SDN Karangpawitan III Karawang masih berupa teks dan gambar pada buku, serta belum menerapkan pemelajaran media secara visual. Materi yang disampaikan masih dengan cara ceramah atau siswa yang diundang untuk mencari materi dengan media buku pelajaran. Kurangnya penggunaan media pembelajaran di sekolah pada proses belajar mengajar membuat siswa kurang aktif dan merasa bosan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Agar meningkatkan minat siswa dan siswi dalam belajar perlu adanya media yang menyenangkan bagi mereka salah satunya adalah game edukasi, penggunaan game edukasi merupakan alternatif lain dalam meningkatkan pemahaman saat proses belajar mengajar.Dalam game edukasi metode yang digunakan adalah MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) dan alat yang digunakan untuk memubuat game yaitu RPG Maker MV dan Adobe Ilustrator. Game edukasi ini berhasil mendapatkan proporsi rata-rata dari penguji sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan game, didapatkan hasil rata-rata siswa sebelum menggunakan game sebesar 39,5% sedangkan rata-rata siswa sesudah menggunakan game 85%. Sehingga dapat disempurnakan game edukasi hewan ovipar dan vivipar ini dapat digunakan sebagai media alternatif proses pembelajaran karna berdasarkan tabel kelayakan game edukasi ini mendapatkan nilai B yang artinya baik. 5% sedangkan rata-rata siswa sesudah menggunakan game sebesar 85%.Sehingga dapat disempurnakan game edukasi hewan ovipar dan vivipar ini dapat digunakan sebagai media alternatif proses pembelajaran karna berdasarkan tabel kelayakan game edukasi ini mendapatkan nilai B yang artinya baik. 5% sedangkan rata-rata siswa sesudah menggunakan game sebesar 85%. Sehingga dapat disempurnakan game edukasi hewan ovipar dan vivipar ini dapat digunakan sebagai media alternatif proses pembelajaran karna berdasarkan tabel kelayakan game edukasi ini mendapatkan nilai B yang artinya baik.

Nazeer Hussain Khan,1,2 Faiz Ullah,3 Taskin Aman Khan,4 Ujala Zafar,5 Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan,6 Muhammad Mustaqeem,7 Syed Sakhawat Shah,3 Dong-Dong Wu,1,8 Xin-Ying Ji1 1Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Henan 475001, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; 4Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; 5School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; 6Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; 7Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha Sub-Campus, Bhakkar 30000, Pakistan; 8School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University College of Medicine, Henan 475001, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Dong-Dong Wu Email ddwubiomed2010@163.comXin-Ying Ji Email 10190096@vip.henu.edu.cnAbstract: To look superior and acceptable in society, people from all over the world use various types of cosmetic products to enhance or alter their facial appearance and body texture. In recent times, an exponential surge in cosmetic use has been observed in Pakistan, and hence spending money on personal-care products is high. However, there are many reported facts about high loads of lead, mercury, copper, and others hazardous and cancerous elements in local Pakistani cosmetic brands. Consumers of these brands are at high risk of many clinical issues, including cancer. As such, it is a necessity to make people aware of the devastating harmful effects related to cosmetic use. The aim of this study was to provide information for stakeholders and raise awareness in the general public about the use of these local unauthorized personal-care cosmetic products, along with government strategies to stop this cosmetic blight on human health.Keywords: cosmetics, cancer, health issues, mercury, Pakistan

Abstract The investigation on metalenses have been rapidly developing, aiming to bring compact optical devices with superior properties to the market. Realizing miniature optics at the UV frequency range in particular has been challenging as the available transparent materials have limited range of dielectric constants. In this work we introduce a low absorption loss and low refractive index dielectric material magnesium oxide, MgO, as an ideal candidate for metalenses operating at UV frequencies. We theoretically investigate metalens designs capable of efficient focusing over a broad UV frequency range (200–400 nm). The presented metalenses are composed of sub-wavelength MgO nanoblocks, and characterized according to the geometric Pancharatnam–Berry phase method using FDTD method. The presented broadband metalenses can focus the incident UV light on tight focal spots (182 nm) with high numerical aperture ( $$\hbox {NA}\approx 0.8$$ NA ≈ 0.8 ). The polarization conversion efficiency of the metalens unit cell and focusing efficiency of the total metalens are calculated to be as high as 94%, the best value reported in UV range so far. In addition, the metalens unit cell can be hybridized to enable lensing at multiple polarization states. The presented highly efficient MgO metalenses can play a vital role in the development of UV nanophotonic systems and could pave the way towards the world of miniaturization.

The authors show that a subanesthetic dose of ketamine markedly elevate calcium signals in apical dendritic spines in the mouse prefrontal cortex. This effect is driven by a local-circuit mechanism that involves the suppression of somatostatin interneurons leading to dendritic disinhibition.

Being endemic in over one hundred twenty-two countries, at least four billion people are at risk of being infected by the dengue virus (DENV). Dengue fever is caused by the bite of infected arthropods: mosquitoes and ticks [1]. It has four variants (DENV 1-4), and the infection is often presented with acute symptoms like fever, myalgia, arthralgia, eye pain, headache, rash, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. In literature, it has been mentioned that only five percentages of cases manifested with severe illness that was characterized by plasma leakage that leads to effusion, respiratory distress, shock, and haemorrhage [2]. Infection with DENV may also leads to a sequel of uncontrolled inflammatory responses and resulted in the development of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Assertion with dengue was first documented in 10-month-old patient in Puerto Rico in 2010 [2]. Hyperinflammatory conditions cause HLH due to over activated immune response. Primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a familial disorder while secondary HLH is commonly associated with numerous infections, malignancy, and autoimmune diseases [3]. The diagnosis of HLH is mostly based on clinical and laboratory findings. The clinical features of HLH are prolonged fever and organomegaly; laboratory investigations shows high level of ferritin, triglycerides, low level of fibrinogen and bone marrow shows haemophagocytes [3]. Jha VK ET all presented a case of DENV with symptoms of persistent fever, pancytopenia, and multi-organ failure secondary to HLH, and early treatment with corticosteroid had shown promising results [4]. Complicated DENV has an atypical presentation with pancytopenia associated HLH which is challenging for a physician to look into this rare presentation. If prompt treatment is started such cases of complicated DENV can be saved. It is high time for physicians to think of different approaches when they are dealing with patients with unusual presentation of dengue with anti-dengue antibodies or non-structural protein 1(NS1) antigen positive. An immediate approach to such cases can save patients’ life. Along with treatment of such cases we also should focus on vector control that will be beneficial to break the cycle of DENV and related complication [5].

The physiological systems and biological applications that have arisen during the past 15 years depend heavily on the microscale and nanoscale fluxes. Microchannels have been utilized to develop new diagnostic assays, examine cell adhesion and molecular transport, and replicate the fluid flow microenvironment of the circulatory system. The various uses of MHD boundary flow in engineering and technology are extensive, ranging from MHD power generators and the polymer industry to MHD flow meters and pumps and the spinning of filaments. In this investigation, the (Magnetohydrodynamic) MHD flow of Prandtl nanofluid is investigated along with mixed convection, energy activation, microorganism, and chemical reaction. The flow model is considered through partial differential equations in dimensionless form which is then integrated numerically via considering the Bvp4c technique. The outcome is numerous emerging physical parameters over velocity profile, temperature, mass concentration, and microorganism with the separate pertinent quantities such as the Prandtl fluid parameter, elastic fluid parameter, magnetic field, mixed convection parameter, activation energy, chemical reaction, Brownian motion, thermophoretic force, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number. The friction factor, rate of heat transfer and Sherwood number, and density of microbes are revealed numerically and graphically. The outcomes indicate that the Prandtl fluid parameter and elastic fluid parameter tend to enhance the velocity profile. It is also noted that the Prandtl fluid parameter depreciates the thermal rate with the addition of the concentration profile while the opposite trend is recorded for activation energy. Obtained numerical outcomes are correspondingly compared with the current statistics in limiting cases and a close match is obtained.

Advances in signal processing and machine learning have expedited electroencephalogram (EEG)-based emotion recognition research, and numerous EEG signal features have been investigated to detect or characterize human emotions. However, most studies in this area have used relatively small monocentric data and focused on a limited range of EEG features, making it difficult to compare the utility of different sets of EEG features for emotion recognition. This study addressed that by comparing the classification accuracy (performance) of a comprehensive range of EEG feature sets for identifying emotional states, in terms of valence and arousal. The classification accuracy of five EEG feature sets were investigated, including statistical features, fractal dimension (FD), Hjorth parameters, higher order spectra (HOS), and those derived using wavelet analysis. Performance was evaluated using two classifier methods, support vector machine (SVM) and classification and regression tree (CART), across five independent and publicly available datasets linking EEG to emotional states: MAHNOB-HCI, DEAP, SEED, AMIGOS, and DREAMER. The FD-CART feature-classification method attained the best mean classification accuracy for valence (85.06%) and arousal (84.55%) across the five datasets. The stability of these findings across the five different datasets also indicate that FD features derived from EEG data are reliable for emotion recognition. The results may lead to the possible development of an online feature extraction framework, thereby enabling the development of an EEG-based emotion recognition system in real time.