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2. Contributions of healthier diets and agricultural productivity toward sustainability and climate goals in the United States

Author

Wu, Grace C, Baker, Justin S, Wade, Christopher M, McCord, Gordon C, Fargione, Joseph E, and Havlik, Petr

Subjects
Climate Action, Life on Land, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Land use, Diets, Agriculture, GHG emissions, FABLE, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Meeting ambitious climate targets will require deploying the full suite of mitigation options, including those that indirectly reduce greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. Healthy diets have sustainability co-benefits by directly reducing livestock emissions as well as indirectly reducing land use emissions. Increased crop productivity could indirectly avoid emissions by reducing cropland area. However, there is disagreement on the sustainability of proposed healthy U.S. diets and a lack of clarity on how long-term sustainability benefits may change in response to shifts in the livestock sector. Here, we explore the GHG emissions impacts of seven scenarios that vary U.S. crop yields and healthier diets in the U.S. and overseas. We also examine how impacts vary across assumptions of future ruminant livestock productivity and ruminant stocking density in the U.S. We employ two complementary land use models—the US FABLE Calculator, an agricultural and forestry sector accounting model with high agricultural commodity representation, and GLOBIOM, a spatially explicit partial equilibrium optimization model for global land use systems. Results suggest that healthier U.S. diets that follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans reduce agricultural and land use greenhouse gas emissions by 25–57% (approx 120–310 MtCO2e/y) and pastureland area by 28–38%. The potential emissions and land sparing benefits of U.S. agricultural productivity growth are modest within the U.S. due to the increasing comparative advantage of U.S. crops. Our findings suggest that healthy U.S. diets can significantly contribute toward meeting U.S. long-term climate goals for the land use sectors.

Published
2023

3. Single species conservation as an umbrella for management of landscape threats.

Author

Runge, Claire A, Withey, John C, Naugle, David E, Fargione, Joseph E, Helmstedt, Kate J, Larsen, Ashley E, Martinuzzi, Sebastian, and Tack, Jason D

Subjects
Animals, Galliformes, Artemisia, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Grassland, General Science & Technology, MD Multidisciplinary
Abstract

Single species conservation unites disparate partners for the conservation of one species. However, there are widespread concerns that single species conservation biases conservation efforts towards charismatic species at the expense of others. Here we investigate the extent to which sage grouse (Centrocercus sp.) conservation, the largest public-private conservation effort for a single species in the US, provides protections for other species from localized and landscape-scale threats. We compared the coverage provided by sage grouse Priority Areas for Conservation (PACs) to 81 sagebrush-associated vertebrate species distributions with potential coverage under multi-species conservation prioritization generated using the decision support tool Zonation. PACs. We found that the current PAC prioritization approach was not statistically different from a diversity-based prioritization approach and covers 23.3% of the landscape, and 24.8%, on average, of the habitat of the 81 species. The proportion of each species distribution at risk was lower inside PACs as compared to the region as a whole, even without management (land use change 30% lower, cheatgrass invasion 19% lower). Whether or not bias away from threat represents the most efficient use of conservation effort is a matter of considerable debate, though may be pragmatic in this landscape where capacity to address these threats is limited. The approach outlined here can be used to evaluate biological equitability of protections provided by flagship species in other settings.

Published
2019

6. Identifying opportunity hot spots for reducing the risk of wildfire-caused carbon loss in western US conifer forests

Author

Peeler, Jamie L, primary, McCauley, Lisa, additional, Metlen, Kerry L, additional, Woolley, Travis, additional, Davis, Kimberley T, additional, Robles, Marcos D, additional, Haugo, Ryan D, additional, Riley, Karin L, additional, Higuera, Philip E, additional, Fargione, Joseph E, additional, Addington, Robert N, additional, Bassett, Steven, additional, Blankenship, Kori, additional, Case, Michael J, additional, Chapman, Teresa B, additional, Smith, Edward, additional, Swaty, Randy, additional, and Welch, Nathan, additional

Published
2023
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8. Minimizing habitat conflicts in meeting net-zero energy targets in the western United States

Author

Wu, Grace C., primary, Jones, Ryan A., additional, Leslie, Emily, additional, Williams, James H., additional, Pascale, Andrew, additional, Brand, Erica, additional, Parker, Sophie S., additional, Cohen, Brian S., additional, Fargione, Joseph E., additional, Souder, Julia, additional, Batres, Maya, additional, Gleason, Mary G., additional, Schindel, Michael H., additional, and Stanley, Charlotte K., additional

Published
2023
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16. Minimizing Conservation Impacts of Net Zero Energy Systems in the Western United States

Author

Wu, Grace C., primary, Jones, Ryan A., additional, Leslie, Emily, additional, Williams, James H, additional, Pascale, Andrew, additional, Parker, Sophie, additional, Cohen, Brian, additional, Fargione, Joseph E., additional, Prochnik, Julia, additional, Batres, Maya, additional, Gleason, Mary, additional, Schindel, Michael, additional, and Stanley, Charlotte, additional

Published
2022
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19. Natural climate solutions for Canada

Author

Drever, C. Ronnie, primary, Cook-Patton, Susan C., additional, Akhter, Fardausi, additional, Badiou, Pascal H., additional, Chmura, Gail L., additional, Davidson, Scott J., additional, Desjardins, Raymond L., additional, Dyk, Andrew, additional, Fargione, Joseph E., additional, Fellows, Max, additional, Filewod, Ben, additional, Hessing-Lewis, Margot, additional, Jayasundara, Susantha, additional, Keeton, William S., additional, Kroeger, Timm, additional, Lark, Tyler J., additional, Le, Edward, additional, Leavitt, Sara M., additional, LeClerc, Marie-Eve, additional, Lemprière, Tony C., additional, Metsaranta, Juha, additional, McConkey, Brian, additional, Neilson, Eric, additional, St-Laurent, Guillaume Peterson, additional, Puric-Mladenovic, Danijela, additional, Rodrigue, Sebastien, additional, Soolanayakanahally, Raju Y., additional, Spawn, Seth A., additional, Strack, Maria, additional, Smyth, Carolyn, additional, Thevathasan, Naresh, additional, Voicu, Mihai, additional, Williams, Christopher A., additional, Woodbury, Peter B., additional, Worth, Devon E., additional, Xu, Zhen, additional, Yeo, Samantha, additional, and Kurz, Werner A., additional

Published
2021
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20. Lower cost and more feasible options to restore forest cover in the contiguous United States for climate mitigation

Author

Cook-Patton, Susan C., primary, Gopalakrishna, Trisha, additional, Daigneault, Adam, additional, Leavitt, Sara M., additional, Platt, Jim, additional, Scull, Sabrina M., additional, Amarjargal, Oyut, additional, Ellis, Peter W., additional, Griscom, Bronson W., additional, McGuire, Jenny L., additional, Yeo, Samantha M., additional, and Fargione, Joseph E., additional

Published
2020
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21. We need both natural and energy solutions to stabilize our climate

Author

Griscom, Bronson W., primary, Lomax, Guy, additional, Kroeger, Timm, additional, Fargione, Joseph E., additional, Adams, Justin, additional, Almond, Lucy, additional, Bossio, Deborah, additional, Cook‐Patton, Susan C., additional, Ellis, Peter W., additional, Kennedy, Christina M., additional, and Kiesecker, Joseph, additional

Published
2019
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22. Natural climate solutions for the United States

Author

Fargione, Joseph E., Bassett, Steven, Boucher, Timothy, Bridgham, Scott D., Conant, Richard T., Cook-Patton, Susan C., Ellis, Peter W., Falcucci, Alessandra, Fourqurean, James W., Gopalakrishna, Trisha, Gu, Huan, Henderson, Benjamin, Hurteau, Matthew D., Kroeger, Kevin D., Kroeger, Timm, Lark, Tyler J., Leavitt, Sara M., Lomax, Guy, McDonald, Robert I., Megonigal, J. Patrick, Miteva, Daniela A., Richardson, Curtis J., Sanderman, Jonathan, Shoch, David, Spawn, Seth A., Veldman, Joseph W., Williams, Christopher A., Woodbury, Peter B., Zganjar, Chris, Baranski, Marci, Elias, Patricia, Houghton, Richard A., Landis, Emily, McGlynn, Emily, Schlesinger, William H., Siikamaki, Juha V., Sutton-Grier, Ariana E., Griscom, Bronson W., Fargione, Joseph E., Bassett, Steven, Boucher, Timothy, Bridgham, Scott D., Conant, Richard T., Cook-Patton, Susan C., Ellis, Peter W., Falcucci, Alessandra, Fourqurean, James W., Gopalakrishna, Trisha, Gu, Huan, Henderson, Benjamin, Hurteau, Matthew D., Kroeger, Kevin D., Kroeger, Timm, Lark, Tyler J., Leavitt, Sara M., Lomax, Guy, McDonald, Robert I., Megonigal, J. Patrick, Miteva, Daniela A., Richardson, Curtis J., Sanderman, Jonathan, Shoch, David, Spawn, Seth A., Veldman, Joseph W., Williams, Christopher A., Woodbury, Peter B., Zganjar, Chris, Baranski, Marci, Elias, Patricia, Houghton, Richard A., Landis, Emily, McGlynn, Emily, Schlesinger, William H., Siikamaki, Juha V., Sutton-Grier, Ariana E., and Griscom, Bronson W.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Science Advances 4 (2018): eaat1869, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat1869., Limiting climate warming to <2°C requires increased mitigation efforts, including land stewardship, whose potential in the United States is poorly understood. We quantified the potential of natural climate solutions (NCS)—21 conservation, restoration, and improved land management interventions on natural and agricultural lands—to increase carbon storage and avoid greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. We found a maximum potential of 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) Pg CO2e year−1, the equivalent of 21% of current net annual emissions of the United States. At current carbon market prices (USD 10 per Mg CO2e), 299 Tg CO2e year−1 could be achieved. NCS would also provide air and water filtration, flood control, soil health, wildlife habitat, and climate resilience benefits., This study was made possible by funding from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. C.A.W. and H.G. acknowledge financial support from NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System program (NNH14ZDA001N-CMS) under award NNX14AR39G. S.D.B. acknowledges support from the DOE’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research Program under the award DE-SC0014416. J.W.F. acknowledges financial support from the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under National Science Foundation grant no. DEB-1237517.

Published
2018

23. Natural climate solutions for the United States

Author

Fargione, Joseph E., primary, Bassett, Steven, additional, Boucher, Timothy, additional, Bridgham, Scott D., additional, Conant, Richard T., additional, Cook-Patton, Susan C., additional, Ellis, Peter W., additional, Falcucci, Alessandra, additional, Fourqurean, James W., additional, Gopalakrishna, Trisha, additional, Gu, Huan, additional, Henderson, Benjamin, additional, Hurteau, Matthew D., additional, Kroeger, Kevin D., additional, Kroeger, Timm, additional, Lark, Tyler J., additional, Leavitt, Sara M., additional, Lomax, Guy, additional, McDonald, Robert I., additional, Megonigal, J. Patrick, additional, Miteva, Daniela A., additional, Richardson, Curtis J., additional, Sanderman, Jonathan, additional, Shoch, David, additional, Spawn, Seth A., additional, Veldman, Joseph W., additional, Williams, Christopher A., additional, Woodbury, Peter B., additional, Zganjar, Chris, additional, Baranski, Marci, additional, Elias, Patricia, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Landis, Emily, additional, McGlynn, Emily, additional, Schlesinger, William H., additional, Siikamaki, Juha V., additional, Sutton-Grier, Ariana E., additional, and Griscom, Bronson W., additional

Published
2018
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27. Unconventional oil and gas spills: Materials, volumes, and risks to surface waters in four states of the U.S.

Author

Maloney, Kelly O., primary, Baruch-Mordo, Sharon, additional, Patterson, Lauren A., additional, Nicot, Jean-Philippe, additional, Entrekin, Sally A., additional, Fargione, Joseph E., additional, Kiesecker, Joseph M., additional, Konschnik, Kate E., additional, Ryan, Joseph N., additional, Trainor, Anne M., additional, Saiers, James E., additional, and Wiseman, Hannah J., additional

Published
2017
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32. SPECIES RESPONSES TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN HERBACEOUS PLANT COMMUNITIES, AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES TRAITSEcological ArchivesE089-070

Author

Cleland, Elsa E., primary, Clark, Chris M., additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Fargione, Joseph E., additional, Gough, Laura, additional, Gross, Katherine L., additional, Milchunas, Daniel G., additional, Pennings, Steven C., additional, Bowman, William D., additional, Burke, Ingrid C., additional, Lauenroth, William K., additional, Robertson, G. Philip, additional, Simpson, Juliet C., additional, Tilman, David, additional, and Suding, Katharine N., additional

Published
2008
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37. Global diversity of drought tolerance and grassland climate-change resilience

Author

Craine, Joseph M., Ocheltree, Troy W., Nippert, Jesse B., Towne, E. Gene, Skibbe, Adam M., Kembel, Steven W., and Fargione, Joseph E.

Abstract

Drought reduces plant productivity, induces widespread plant mortality and limits the geographic distribution of plant species. As climates warm and precipitation patterns shift in the future, understanding the distribution of the diversity of plant drought tolerance is central to predicting future ecosystem function and resilience to climate change. These questions are especially pressing for the world’s 11,000 grass species, which dominate a large fraction of the terrestrial biosphere, yet are poorly characterized with respect to responses to drought. Here, we show that physiological drought tolerance, which varied tenfold among 426 grass species, is well distributed both climatically and phylogenetically, suggesting most native grasslands are likely to contain a high diversity of drought tolerance. Consequently, local species may help maintain ecosystem functioning in response to changing drought regimes without requiring long-distance migrations of grass species. Furthermore, physiologically drought-tolerant species had higher rates of water and carbon dioxide exchange than intolerant species, indicating that severe droughts may generate legacies for ecosystem functioning. In all, our findings suggest that diverse grasslands throughout the globe have the potential to be resilient to drought in the face of climate change through the local expansion of drought-tolerant species.

Published
2013
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38. Models in ecosystem science.

Author

Fargione, Joseph E.

Subjects
*ECOLOGY, *NONFICTION
Abstract

Reviews the book "Models in Ecosystem Science," by C.D. Canham, J.J. Cole and W.K. Lauenroth.

Published
2005

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