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We consider the recent results on UHECR (Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray), clustering, composition, distribution in the sky, from the energy of several EeV with the dipole anisotropy up to the highest ones. We have suggested since 2008 and we reconfirm here that UHECR at 40 up to 70 EeV are mostly made by light and lightest nuclei. The remarkable Virgo absence and the few localized nearby extragalactic sources as CenA, NG 253, M82 may be well understood by the lightest nuclei fragility and opacity within Mpc distances. We comment also on the role of a few galactic UHECR sources at ten EeV that may be partially feeding the Auger dipole UHECR anisotropy. The recent anisotropy in the UHECR spectral composition of lightest and heavy nuclei, outside and along the galactic plane, could also be a first confirmation of our previous claims (2012). The interplay of the heavier and most energetic UHECR galactic nuclei with the mainly local (Mpcs) extragalactic signals ruled by lightest nuclei, seems to fit the main pieces of UHECR puzzle., Comment: 8 pages, 1 page reference, 3 figures, Conference Cris 2022

Last two years high energy neutrino data are studied. The two recent tau neutrino double bang candidate are discussed within their detectability, noise and expected rate. The neutrino flavor distribution mainly favoring equal electron and muon presence, is reminded. The angular distribution of highest muon neutrino tracks is analyzed. Their horizontal strong anisotropy and their remarkable up-down asymmetry, with the absence of clustering, is noticed. The main persistent missing of astrophysical X,gamma sources (as GRB and AGN flaring source) and all the above signatures led us to suggest a dominance of prompt charmed (atmospheric) events able to pollute, to smear and to hide any minor astronomical presence., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, updated minimaized version, from earlier arxiv.org/abs/1808.10493v4; Volume 331, Frontier Research in Astrophysics, III (FRAPWS2018)

IceCube Neutrino Astronomy is considered. The tau neutrino flavor paucity and the asymmetry for the tracks suggest a dominant atmospheric charm noise. The correlated cascades and tracks asymmetry with relevant statistics enforce the charm noise dominance in the data. The charm signal may explain at once the absence of correlation for the tracks data with the galactic plane and with known brightest gamma sources., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure , Questions and Discussion; new sections and new updated arguments

The most distant AGN, within the allowed GZK cut-off radius, have been recently candidate by many authors as the best location for observed UHECR origination. Indeed, the apparent homogeneity and isotropy of recent UHECR signals seems to require a far cosmic isotropic and homogeneous scenario involving a proton UHECR courier: our galaxy or nearest local group or super galactic plane (ruled by Virgo cluster) are too much near and apparently too much anisotropic in disagreement with PAO and TA almost homogeneous sample data. However, the few and mild observed UHECR clustering, the North and South Hot Spots, are smeared in wide solid angles. Their consequent random walk flight from most far GZK UHECR sources, nearly at 100 Mpc, must be delayed (with respect to a straight AGN photon gamma flaring arrival trajectory) at least by a million years. During this time, the AGN jet blazing signal, its probable axis deflection (such as the helical jet in Mrk501), its miss alignment or even its almost certain exhaust activity may lead to a complete misleading correlation between present UHECR events and a much earlier active AGN ejection. UHECR maps maybe anyway related to galactic or nearest (Cen A, M82) AGN extragalactic UHECR sources shining in twin Hot Spot. Therefore we defend our (quite different) scenarios where UHECR are mostly made by lightest UHECR nuclei originated by nearby AGN sources, or few galactic sources, whose delayed signals reach us within few thousand years in the observed smeared sky areas., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, minor editorial corrections, in press, JPS Conference Proceedings Vol. 9 (published on April 6, 2016) JPS Conference Proceedings,Proceedings of International Symposium for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays October 2016, (UHECR2016)

The last few years, 2013-2016, the high energy neutrino events in ICECUBE and the last rich UHECR maps by AUGER and TA were hopefully opening a new High Energy astronomy age. Unfortunately the foreseen correlation between neutrino with best gamma X sources has not (yet) been found. The most celebrated GRB gamma sources do not correlate to any neutrino events. The expected Local Group anisotropy in UHECR within the nuleon GZK cut off, has just fade away. UHECR events from Virgo are almost absent. Above two hundred TeV energy tau neutrino might shine by double bang in detectable way in ICECUBE. Within a dozen of events no tau neutrino arised (yet) in ICECUBE. Finally GRBs Fireball models calling since decades for HE neutrinos correlated imprint at TeVs energy are not (yet) found. So many absences are making a huge question mark: is there a new reading key?

High Energy Neutrino Astronomy has been revealed by a sudden change in the flavor composition around maximal energies since three years of recording in ice km detector. However these discover didn' t led to any clear promised Neutrino Astronomy land yet. No correlation with hard gamma sources was found. Moreover the astrophysical spectra expected at Fermi value, seem to converge to a softer value, also required to avoid any Glashow resonant neutrino signal. We suggest a main solution within a composite flux ruled by prompt atmospheric neutrinos. Nevertheless the recent discover of twentyone crossing muons at hundreds TeVs had shown a first narrow overlapped doublet and a correlated track with a peculiar hard UHECR event clustering pointing to a well known microjet in bynary precession; these first connections hint for a non negligible astrophysical component making neutrino astronomy anyway already more than a hope., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures

Highest energy neutrino events (contained) in cubic km ICECUBE detector resulted in last three years to be as many as $37-2=35$ signals (two of those having been recently discharged); these tens-hundred TeV (32 energetic events) up to rarest (only 3) PeV cascade showers, proved to have an extraterrestrial origin. The UHE neutrino flavor transition from a $\nu_{\mu}$ atmospheric dominance (over $\nu_{e}$ showers at TeV energy), toward a higher energy shower cascade ($\nu_{e}$, $\nu_{\tau}$) events at few tens TeV up to PeV energy is a hint of such a fast extraterrestrial injection. The majority (28 out of 35) of all these events are spherical cascade; their consequent smeared map is inconclusive. The additional rarest $9-2=7$ muon tracks, while being sharp in arrival directions, did not offer any correlated clustering nor any overlapping within known sources. We recently suggested that the highest energy (tens-TeV) crossing muon along the ICECUBE, mostly at horizons or upcoming, are the ideal tool able to reveal soon such clustering or even any narrow angle pointing to known (IR, X, Radio or $\gamma$) sources or self-correlation in rare doublet or triplet: a last hope for a meaningful and short-time $\nu$ Astronomy. Any crossing muons clustering along galactic sources or within UHECR arrivals might also probe rarest UHECR event made by nuclei or neutrons. Within three years of ICECUBE data all the non-contained crossing highest energy muons above few tens TeV may be several dozens, possibly around $54$ (27 for upward ones), mostly enhanced along horizontal edges, painting known sources and/or self-correlating in doublets or rarest triplet (if steady or transient nearby source are at sight). Recent preliminary ICECUBE presentation on crossing muons are consistent with present preliminary muon rate estimate., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure, Nucl.B macro

On 2010 MINOS experiment was showing an hint of possible different mass splitting and mixing angles for neutrinos and anti-neutrinos, suggesting a charge-parity-time (CPT) violation in the lepton sector; last year 2012 a second result from MINOS showed a reduced discrepancy between the two set of parameters, nearly compatible with no CPT violation. We proposed an experiment for more precise estimation of neutrino oscillation parameters being useful not only for a complete discrimination for CPT scenarios, but also for mass hierarchy and theta 13 determination, and mostly for the first oscillated detection of tau and antitau neutrinos. We show an experiment, (the longest baseline neutrino oscillation test available by crossing most of Earth diameter, a NeuWorld), that may improve the oscillation measurement and disentangle at best any hypothetical CPT violation while testing tau appearance at the same time of the muon disappearance correlated. The experiment use a neutrino beam crossing the Earth, within an OPERA-like experiment from CERN (or Fermilab), in the direction of the IceCube DeepCore detector at the South Pole. Such a tuned beaming and its detection may lead to a strong signature of neutrino muon-tau mixing (nearly one anti tau or two tau a day, with 10 sigma in a year), even for an one per-cent OPERA-like NeuWorld experiment., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1012.3245; Opera experiment reference added

Ultra High Cosmic Rays) made by He-like lightest nuclei might fit clustering along Cen A. Moreover He like UHECR nuclei explain Virgo absence because the light nuclei fragility and opacity above a few Mpc. We foresaw (2009) that UHECR He from Cen-A AGN being fragile should partially fragment into secondaries at tens EeV multiplet (D,He^{3},p) as the recent twin multiplet discovered ones (AUGER-ICRC-2011), at 20 EeV along Cen A UHECR clustering. We suggest that UHECR are also heavy radioactive galactic nuclei as Ni^{56}, Ni^{57} and Co^{57} widely bent (tens degree up to 100 degrees) by galactic fields. UHECR radioactivity and decay in flight at hundreds keV is boosted (by huge Lorentz factor (billion) leading to PeVs electrons and consequent synchrotron TeVs gamma offering UHECR-TeV correlated sky anisotropy. Electron and tau neutrinos secondaries at PeVs maybe the first signature of such expected radioactive secondary tail., Comment: 4 pages,5 figures

Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) at GZK cut off energy (E \geq 55 EeV eV) may keep sharp or diffused directionality wherever their composition is made by nucleon or light nuclei. AUGER UHECR (2007-2010) did show a mild clustering mainly around Cen A. Two over three of the recent discovered AUGER multiplet (a dozen of events each) tail clustering at twenty EeV are pointing to primary sources very near the same UHECR crowded Cen A region. The Tens EeV tail is aligned with the same UHECR events. We foresaw such possibility as fragment tails of lightest UHECR nuclei. We discuss the relevance of this correlation within a model where UHECR are mostly lightest He like nuclei. UHECR fragment multiplet clustering aligned along higher Cen A events (at 55 EeV energy) probe and reinforce our interpretation with an a priori probability near 3 part over a hundred thousand., Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures

We tried to fit in any way the recent Opera-Cern claims of a neutrino super-luminal speed with observed Supernova SN1987A neutrino burst and all (or most) neutrino flavor oscillation. We considered three main frame-works: (1) A tachyon imaginary neutrino mass, whose timing is nevertheless in conflict with observed IMB-Kamiokande SN1987A burst by thousands of billion times longer. (2) An ad hoc anti-tachyon model whose timing shrinkage may accommodate SN1987A burst but greatly disagree with energy independent Cern-Opera super-luminal speed. (3) A split neutrino flavor speed (among a common real mass relativistic neutrino electron component and a super-luminal neutrino {\mu}) in an ad hoc frozen speed scenario that is leading to the prompt neutrino de-coherence and the rapid flavor mixing (between electron and muon ones) that are in conflict with most oscillation records. Therefore we concluded that an error must be hidden in Opera-Cern time calibration (as indeed recent rumors seem to confirm). We are also reminding the relevance of the guaranteed minimal atmospheric neutrino mass whose detection may be achieved by a milliseconds graviton-neutrino split time delay among gravity burst and neutronization neutrino peak in any future SN explosion in Andromeda recordable in Megaton neutrino detector., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, corrected and updated atmospheric neutrino simulation

Ultra High Cosmic Rays (UHECR) should be tracing their sources, making a new astronomy. Their events counting are finally growing, by Auger experiment, into cosmic sky. Their map should follow the mass distribution in a narrow cosmic volume (the GZK cut off region, correlated with Super Galactic Plane (SPG) or Local Group) if they were protons, as most expected. Recently the last 69 UHECR did not longer follow the SGP map, opening the way to very different correlations, and extreme bending connection; we reconfirm here our Lightest Nuclei interpretation, while showing here the last event over different radio, X, Gamma and tens TeV CR maps. The Virgo Cluster absence, the persistence of UHECR clustering along Cen A, the first triplet along Vela seem to confirm light nuclei UHECR understanding, implying a very narrow Universe view, even partially of galactic origin. UHECR fragments might follow (at half, fourth of the energy) the same UHECR map with a tail or a crown clustering around main UHECR group. Also secondary gamma and UHE neutrino might trace partially those maps. Tau neutrinos at EeV or PeVs may play a role in correlating UHECR map and disentangling nucleon from nuclei nature, possibly in Auger Fluorescence Telescopes, by night horizontal up-going tau airshowers., Comment: 16 pages,8 figures; 2011, Italian Physical Society, Vol. 103 Vulcano Workshop- Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics; F. Giovannelli and G. Mannocchi

Neutrinos are allowed to mix and to oscillate among their flavor. Muon and tau in particular oscillate at largest values.Last Minos experiment claimed possible difference among their matter and anti-matter masses, leading to a first violation of the most believed CPT symmetry.Isotropically born atmospheric muon neutrino at 20-80 GeV, while up-going, they might be partially suppressed by mixing in analogy to historical SuperKamiokande muon neutrino disappearance into tau, leading to large scale anisotropy signals. Here we show an independent muon rate foreseen in Deep Core based on observed SK signals extrapolated to DeepCore mass and its surrounding. Our rate prediction partially differ from previous ones. The neutrino muon disappearance into tau is leading to an anisotropy in vertical up-going muon track: in particular along channel 3-5 we expect a huge rate (tens of thousand of events) of neutral current events, charged current electron and inclined crossing muons. Moreover at channel 6-9 we expect a severe suppression of the rate due to muon disappearance (in CPT conserved frame). Such an anisotropy might be partially tested by more than one string detection at E> 45 GeV energy. A CPT violation may induce a more remarkable suppression of vertical up-going tracks because of larger anti-neutrino muon reduction for E> 35 GeV., Comment: 6 pages, 14 figures

The rise of nucleon UHECR above GZK astronomy made by protons is puzzled by three main mysteries: an unexpected nearby Virgo UHECR suppression, a rich crowded clustering frozen vertically (north-south) along Cen A, a composition suggesting nuclei and not nucleons. The UHECR map, initially consistent with GZK volumes, to day seem to be not much correlated with expected Super Galactic Plane. Moreover slant depth data of UHECR from AUGER airshower shape do not favor the proton but points to a nuclei, while HIRES, on the contrary favors mostly nucleons. We tried to solve the contradictions assuming UHECR as light nuclei (mostly He) spread by planar galactic fields, randomly at vertical axis. The He fragility and its mass and charge explains the Virgo absence (due to opacity above few Mpc) and the Cen A spread clustering (a quarter of the whole sample). However more events and rare doublets and clustering elsewhere are waiting for an answer. Here we foresee hint of new UHECR component: galactic ones. Moreover a careful updated views of UHECR sky over different (Radio,IR,Optics, X,gamma, TeV) background are also favoring forgotten revolutionary Z-shower model. Both Z-Shower, proton GZK and Lightest nuclei UHECR models have dramatic influence on expected UHE neutrino Astronomy: to be soon revealed by UHE tau neutrino induced air-showers in different ways., Comment: 10 pages, 18 figures

We consider the guaranteed physics of horizontal (hadron) air-showers, HAS, developing at high (tens km) altitudes. Their morphology and information traces are different from vertical ones. Hundreds of km long HAS are often split by geomagnetic fields in a long (fan-like) showering with a twin spiral tail. The horizontal fan-like airshowers are really tangent and horizontal only at North and South poles. At different latitude these showering plane are turned and inclined by geomagnetic fields. In particular at magnetic equator such tangent horizontal East-West airshowers are bent and developed into a vertical fan air-shower, easily detectable by a vertical array detector (hanging elements by gravity). Such "medusa" arrays maybe composed by inflated floating balloons chains. The light gas float and it acts as an calorimeter for the particles, while it partially sustains the detector weight. Vertically hanging chains as well as rubber doughnut balloons (whose interior may record Cherenkov lights) reveal bundles of crossing electron pairs. Such an array maybe loaded at best and cheapest prototype in common balloons tracing upward and tangent hadron air-showers from terrestrial atmosphere edge. These array structure may reveal the split shower signature. Better revealing the composition nature. Just beyond the Earth horizons there are exciting, but rarer, sources of upward airshowers: the new UHE Tau Air-showers astronomy originated within Earth by EeVs tau neutrino signals skimming the soil and forming UHE Tau, decaying later in flight. Therefore Horizontal airshowers at equator may show the hadron horizontal twin split nature, its composition as well as a very first expected UHE Neutrino astronomy., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; EPS HEP 2009

The gamma ray burst apparent average isotropic power versus their red-shift of all known GRB (Sept.2009) is reported. It calls for an unrealistic Gamma Ray Burst Evolution around us or it just probe the need of a very thin gamma precession-jet model. These precessing and spinning jet are originated by Inverse Compton and-or Synchrotron Radiation at pulsars or micro-quasars sources, by ultra-relativistic electrons. These Jets are most powerful at Supernova birth, blazing, once on axis, to us and flashing GRB detector. The trembling of the thin jet (spinning, precessing, bent by magnetic fields) explains naturally the observed erratic multi-explosive structure of different GRBs and its rare re-brightening. The jets are precessing (by binary companion or inner disk asymmetry) and decaying by power law on time scales to a few hours. GRB blazing occurs inside the observer cone of view only a seconds duration times; because relativistic synchrotron (or IC) laws the jet angle is thinner in gamma but wider in X band. Its apparent brightening is so well correlated with its hardness (The Amati correlation). This explain the wider and longer X GRB afterglow duration and the (not so much) rare presence of X-ray precursors well before the apparent main GRB explosion. The jet lepton maybe originated by an inner primary hadron core (as well as pions and muons secondary Jets). The EGRET, AGILE and Fermi few hardest and late GeV gamma might be PeV neutron beta decay in flight observed in-axis under a relativistic shrinkage., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, Vulcano 2009

Earliest 2007 UHECR anisotropy findings and ICRC AUGER updated maps and clustering confirms our understanding of CenA as the main nearby UHECR source. Those events are mostly lightest nuclei, as He. The events are spread by galactic fields. We argue that the main UHECR event bending, along CenA, is spreading vertically (respect to horizontal spiral galactic fields) by random (and a final coherent) Lorentz force. The He-nuclei dominance is also well probed by detailed AUGER composition data. The Lightest nuclei are still compatible with most recent Hires composition results. Such lightest UHECR nuclei are fragile and opaque even to nearest Universe. Offering a very narrow local (ten Mpc) view. This opacity explain the otherwise puzzling Virgo persistent absence. The He photo-disruption in flight should lead to halves energy tail clustering (along the same CenA group), events made by deuterium, He3 and protons (or unstable neutrons). This tail anisotropy should be revaled. The consequent foreseen UHE neutrino by UHECR Lightest nuclei dissociation, at tens-a hundred PeV, may rise soon in AUGER and TA telescopes. Such neutrino signal are quite inclined upward fluorescent Tau air-showers at nearest (2 - 4 km) horizons, at middle-low telescope view zenith angles. Their air-showers will be opening and extending in widest azimuth angle and fastest angular velocity spread. Contrary to far EeV tau expected by popular GZK neutrinos. Even hard to observe these Tau Air-showers at tens and hundred PeVs may soon shine (in a peculiar way) at near telescope views and within a short (years) time, both in AUGER, HEAT and TA sky., Comment: 5 pages, 12 figures, (2 new figures from the original and modified AUGER HEP09 talk presentation)

Photon Astronomy ruled the last four centuries while wider photon band ruled last radio-X-Gamma century of discovery. Present decade may see the rise and competition of UHECR and UHE Neutrino Astronomy. Tau Neutrino may win and be the first flavor revealed. It could soon rise at horizons in AUGER at EeV energies, if nucleons are the main UHECR currier. If on the contrary UHECR are Lightest nuclei (He, Li. B) UHE tau neutrino maybe suppressed at EeV and enhanced at tens -hundred PeV. Detectable in AMIGA and HEAT denser sub-array in AUGER. Within a few years., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, Venice Neutrino Telescope March 2009

UHECR may be either nucleons or nuclei; in the latter case the Lightest Nuclei, as He, Li, Be, explains at best the absence of Virgo signals and the crowding of events around Cen-A bent by galactic magnetic fields. This model fit the observed nuclear mass composition discovered in AUGER. However UHECR nucleons above GZK produce EeV neutrinos while Heavy Nuclei, as Fe UHECR do not produce much. UHECR He nuclei at few tens EeV suffer nuclear fragmentation (producing low energetic neutrino at tens PeVs) but it suffer anyway photo-pion GZK suppression (leading to EeV neutrinos) once above one-few 10^{20} eV. Both these cosmogenic UHE secondary neutrinos signals may influence usual predicted GZK Tau Neutrino Astronomy in significant and detectable way; the role of resonant antineutrino electron-electron leading to Tau air-shower may also rise., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, CRIS 2008

After a decade of Fireball reign there is a hope for thin collimated Jet to solve the Supernova-GRB mystery, Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures; white pages 2009

Last and nearest GRB-XRF 080109 has been an exceptional lesson on GRB nature. After a decade (since 25 April 08) we know that Supernovae may often contain a Jet. Its persistent activity may shine on axis as a GRBs. Such a persistent, thin beamed gamma jet may be powered by either a BH (Black Holes) or Pulsars. Late stages of these jets may loose the SN traces and appear as a short GRB or a long orphan GRB (depending on jet angular velocity and view angle). XRF are peripherical viewing of the jets. These precessing and spinning gamma jet are originated by Inverse Compton and-or Synchrotron Radiation at pulsars or micro-quasars sources, by ultra-relativistic electrons. These Jets are most powerful at Supernova birth, blazing, once on axis, to us and flashing GRB detector. The trembling of the thin jet explains naturally the observed erratic multi-explosive structure of different GRBs. The jets are precessing (by binary companion or inner disk asymmetry) and decaying by power on time scales of few hours, but they keep staying inside the observer cone view only a few seconds duration times (GRB); the jet is thinner in gamma and wider in X band. This explain the wider and longer X GRB afterglow duration and the rare presence of X-ray precursors., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures

Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) map at 60 EeV have been found recently by AUGER group spreading anisotropy signatures in the sky. The result have been interpreted as a manifestation of AGN sources ejecting protons at GZK edges mostly from Super-galactic Plane. The result is surprising due to the absence of much nearer Virgo cluster. Moreover, early GZK cut off in the spectra may be better reconcile with light nuclei (than with protons). In addition a large group (nearly a dozen) of events cluster suspiciously along Cen-A. Finally, proton UHECR composition nature is in sharp disagreement with earlier AUGER claim of a heavy nuclei dominance at 40 EeV. Therefore we interpret here the signals as mostly UHECR light nuclei (He, Be, B, C, O), very possibly mostly the lightest (He,Be) ones, ejected from nearest AGN Cen-A, UHECR smeared by galactic magnetic fields, whose random vertical bending is overlapping with super-galactic arm. The eventual AUGER misunderstanding took place because of such a rare coincidence between the Super Galactic Plane (arm) and the smeared (randomized) signals from Cen-A, bent orthogonally to the Galactic fields. Our derivation verify the consistence of the random smearing angles for He, Be and B, C, O, in reasonable agreement with the AUGER main group events around Cen-A. Only few other rare events are spread elsewhere. The most collimated from Cen-A are the lightest. The most spread the heavier. Consequently Cen-A is the best candidate UHE neutrino tau observable by HEAT and AMIGA as enhanced AUGER array at tens-hundred PeV energy. This model maybe soon tested by new events clustering around the Cen-A and by composition imprint study., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

This Conference is the fifth of a series of Workshops on High Energy Gamma- ray Experiments, following the Conferences held in Perugia 2003, Bari 2004, Cividale del Friuli 2005, Elba Island 2006. This year the focus was on the use of gamma-ray to study the Dark Matter component of the Universe, the origin and propagation of Cosmic Rays, Extra Large Spatial Dimensions and Tests of Lorentz Invariance., Comment: 328 pages, 7.8Mb, Proceedings of the 5th SCINEGHE Workshop, June 18-20, 2007 http://www.roma2.infn.it/SciNeGHE07/

Magic Telescope may observe and reveal at horizons lights from air-shower Cherenkov reflections. The ground, the sea, the cloudy sky (below the mountain) may reflect PeVs-EeV UHECR Cherenkov lights observable by MAGIC telescopes. Even rarest UHE neutrino skimming the atmosphere or skimming the Earth may induce upward-horizontal airshowers: a new Neutrino Astronomy. These fluorescence signals or the Cherenkov reflections in upper cloudy sky may flash in correlated BL-Lac or GRB shining at opposite edges. Geomagnetic splitting of Horizontal Air-showers may offer a new spectroscopy of UHECR from the knee up to GZK energy edges., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, HEP 2007: The 2007 Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics

Cherenkov Telescopes (as Magic, Hess and Veritas), while pointing horizontally should reveal also the fluorescence flare tails of nearby down-going air-showers. Such air-showers, born at higher (tens km) altitudes, are growing and extending up to lowest atmospheres (EeVs) or up to higher (few km) quotas (PeVs). Viceversa, as it has been foreseen and only recently observed, the opposite takes place. Fluorescence Telescopes made for UHECR detection may be blazed by inclined Cherenkov lights. The geomagnetic splitting may tag the energy as well as the inclined shower footprint as seen in a recent peculiar event in AUGER. Additional stereoscopic detection may define the event origination distance and its consequent primary composition, extending our understanding on UHECR composition, while unveling a novel tau Neutrino Astronomy., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Preprint submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods A. Only editorial format change

Electron neutrino has been the first neutral lepton to be foreseen and discovered last century. The un-ordered muon and its neutrino arose later by cosmic rays. The tau discover, the heaviest, the most unstable charged lepton, was found surprisingly on 1975. Its neutrino was hardly revealed just on 2000. So why High Energy Neutrino Astronomy should rise first via tau neutrino, the last, the most rare one? The reasons are based on a chain of three favorable coincidences found last decade: the neutrino masses and their flavor mixing, the UHECR opacity on Cosmic Black Body (GZK cut off on BBR), the amplified tau air-shower decaying in flight. Indeed guaranteed UHE GZK tau neutrinos, feed by muon mixing, while skimming the Earth might lead to boosted UHE tau, mostly horizontal ones. These UHE lepton decay in flight are spread, amplified, noise free Air-Shower: a huge event for an unique particle. To be observed soon: within Auger sky, in present decade. Its discover may sign of the first tau appearance., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

To deflect impact-trajectory of massive km^3 and spinning asteroid by a few terrestrial radius one need a large momentum exchange. The dragging of huge spinning bodies in space by external engine seems difficult or impossible. Our solution is based on the landing of multi screw-rockets, powered by mini-nuclear engines, on the body, that dig a small fraction of the soil surface, to use as an exhaust propeller, ejecting it vertically in phase among themselves. Such a mass ejection increases the momentum exchange, their number redundancy guarantees the stability of the system. The slow landing (below 40 cm s^-1) of each engine-unity at those lowest gravity field, may be achieved by save rolling and bouncing along the surface. The engine array tuned activity, overcomes the asteroid angular velocity. Coherent turning of the jet heads increases the deflection efficiency. A procession along its surface may compensate at best the asteroid spin. A small skin-mass (about 2 10^4 tons) may be ejected by mini nuclear engines. Such prototypes may also build first save galleries for humans on the Moon. Conclusive deflecting tests might be performed on remote asteroids. The incoming asteroid 99942 Apophis (just 2% of km^3) may be deflected safely a few Earth radius. How to tag its trajectory is described. Its encounter maybe not just a hazard but an opportunity, learning how to land, dig, build and also to nest save human station inside. Asteroids amplified deflections by gravity swing maybe driven into longest planetary journeys. Mars journey may benefict by Phobos natural asteroid parking and fueling role., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures; editorial corrections and answer to referee open questions on project time scale

Neutrino masses might be as light as a few time the atmospheric neutrino mass splitting. High Energy ZeV cosmic neutrinos (in Z-Showering model) might hit relic ones at each mass in different resonance energies in our nearby Universe. This non-degenerated density and energy must split UHE Z-boson secondaries (in Z-Burst model) leading to multi injection of UHECR nucleons within future extreme AUGER energy. Secondaries of Z-Burst as neutral gamma, below a few tens EeV are better surviving local GZK cut-off and they might explain recent Hires BL-Lac UHECR correlations at small angles. A different high energy resonance must lead to Glashow's anti-neutrino showers while hitting electrons in matter. In air, Glashow's anti-neutrino showers lead to collimated and directional air-showers offering a new Neutrino Astronomy. At greater energy around PeV, Tau escaping mountains and Earth and decaying in flight are effectively showering in air sky. These Horizontal showering is splitting by geomagnetic field in forked shapes. Such air-showers secondaries release amplified and beamed gamma bursts (like observed TGF), made also by muon and electron pair bundles, with their accompanying rich Cherenkov flashes. Also planet' s largest (Saturn, Jupiter) atmosphere limbs offer an ideal screen for UHE GZK and Z-burst tau neutrino, because their largest sizes. Titan thick atmosphere and small radius are optimal for discovering up-going resonant Glashow resonant showers. Earth detection of Neutrino showering by twin Magic Telescopes on top mountains, or by balloons and satellites arrays facing the limbs are the simplest and cheapest way toward UHE Neutrino Astronomy ., Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures; an author's name correction and Journal Reference

A persistent, thin, micro-nano sr. beamed gamma jet, may be ejected from BH and Pulsars, powered by ultra-relativistic electron pairs. These jet while precessing and spinning are originated by Inverse Compton and-or Synchrotron Radiation at pulsars or micro-quasars sources. They are most powerful at Supernova birth, blazing, once on axis, to us and flashing GRB detector. The trembling of thin jets explains naturally the observed erratic multi-explosive structure of different GRBs. The jets are precessing and decaying on time scales of a few hours surviving as long as thousands of years, linking huge GRB-SN jet apparent Luminosity to more modest SGR relic Jets. Therefore long-life SGR may be repeating and if they are around our galaxy they might be observed again as the few known ones and a few rarer extragalactic XRFs. The orientation of the beam respect to the line of sight plays a key role in differentiating the wide GRB morphology. The relativistic cone is as small as the inverse of the electron progenitor Lorentz factor. The hardest and brightest gamma spectra are hidden inside the inner gamma jet axis. To observe the inner beamed GRB events one needs the widest SN sample and largest cosmic volumes. The most beamed are hardest.The nearest ones, within tens Mpc distances, are mostly observable on cone jet periphery leading to longest SN-GRB duration, with lowest fluency and the softest spectra, as in earliest GRB98425 and recent GRB 060218 signature. Conical shape of few nebulae describe in space the model signature. Recent X-ray precursor, like in GRB060124, ten minutes before the GRB event, or in SGR1806-20 two minutes before the main giant burst cannot be understood otherwise., Comment: 10 pages, 16 figures

Recent homogeneous and isotropic maps of UHECR, suggest an isotropic cosmic origin almost uncorrelated to nearby Local Universe prescribed by GZK (tens Mpc) cut-off. Z-Burst model based on UHE neutrino resonant scattering on light relic ones in nearby Hot neutrino Dark Halo, may overcome the absence of such a local imprint and explain the recent correlation with BL Lac at distances of a few hundred Mpc. Z-Burst multiple imprint, due to very possible lightest non-degenerated neutrino masses, may inject energy and modulate UHECR ZeV edge spectra. The Z-burst (and GZK) ultra high energy neutrinos (ZeV and EeV band) may also shine, by UHE neutrinos mass state mixing, and rise in corresponding UHE Tau neutrino flavor, whose charged current tau production and its decay in flight, maybe the source of UHE showering on Earth. The Radius and the atmosphere size of our planet constrains the tau maximal distance and energy to make a shower. These terrestrial tau energies are near GZK energy limit. Higher distances and energies are available in bigger planets; eventual solar atmosphere horizons may amplify the UHE tau flight allowing tau showering at ZeV energies offering a novel way to reveal the expected Z-Burst extreme neutrino fluxes., Comment: 6 Pages, 9 figures

Ultra High Energy (UHE) Cosmic Rays, UHECR, may graze high altitude atmosphere leading to horizontal upward air-showers. Also PeVs electron antineutrino hitting electron in atmosphere may air-shower at W boson resonant mass. On the other side ultra high energy muon and electron neutrinos may also lead, by UHE neutrinos mass state mixing, to the rise of a corresponding UHE Tau neutrino flavor; the consequent UHE tau neutrinos, via charge current interactions in matter, may create UHE taus at horizons (Earth skimming neutrinos or Hor-taus) whose escape in atmosphere and whose consequent decay in flight, may be later amplified by upward showering on terrestrial, planetary atmospheres. Indeed because of the finite terrestrial radius, its thin atmosphere size its dense crust, the UHE tau cannot extend much more than 360 kilometers in air, corresponding to an energy of about 7.2 EeV, near but below GZK cut-off ones; on the contrary Jupiter (or even Saturn) may offer a wider, less dense and thicker gaseous layer at the horizons where Tau may loose little energy, travel longer before decay and rise and shower at 4-6 10^{19} eV or ZeV extreme energy. Titan atmosphere may open a rare window of opportunity for Up-ward Taus at PeVs. Also solar atmosphere may play a role, but unfortunately tau-showers secondaries maybe are too noisy to be disentangled, while Jupiter atmosphere, or better, Saturn one, may offer a clearer imprint for GZK (and higher Z-Burst) Tau showering, well below the horizons edges., Comment: 8 pages, 16 Figures, CRIS 2006

Amplified Tau-airshower at horizons may well open a novel powerful windows, at PeV-EeV energy, to Neutrino Astronomy. Neutrino induced air-showering astronomy rise because of neutrino masses, their mixing and the consequent replenishment of tau flavor during neutrino flight into spaces; Tau-Air-Showers escaping the Earth are the main traces amplified by its millions muon, billions gamma and thousand billions photon secondaries. Earth edges and its sharp shadows is the huge beam-dump detector for UHE neutrino and the almost noise-free screen for tau air-showers (as well as for PeVs anti-neutrino electron scattering on air electrons by resonant interactions). Crown array detectors for horizontal Cherenkov signals on mountains, on balloons and satellites widening the solid angle view are being elaborated; deep and wide valleys are considered. MAGIC Telescopes pointing downward to terrestrial grounds acts, for EeV Tau neutrino air-showers astronomy, as a massive tens of km^3 water equivalent detector, making (in a given direction) it at present the most powerful dedicated neutrino telescope at PeVs. MAGIC facing the sea edges must also reveal mirrored downward UHECR Air-showers (Cherenkov) flashes. Magic-crown systems may lead to largest neutrino detectors in near future. They maybe located on top mountains, on planes or balloons or in satellite arrays. They may be screened in deep valleys. MILAGRO (and past MILAGRITO or future larger detectors) on a mountain top might already hide records of horizontal up-going muon bundles due to far UHECR and less far (but rarer) tau air-showers at EeV. UHE neutrino may also scatter on relic light (0.1-0.2 eV) ones, showering in the Universe at ZeV energies Cosmic Rays., Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures, Invited talk, La Thuile Conference, 6 March 2006

Future neutrino detector at Megaton mass might enlarge the neutrino telescope thresholds revealing cosmic supernova background and largest solar flares neutrino. Indeed the solar energetic flare particles while scattering among themselves on Solar corona atmosphere must produce prompt charged pions, whose chain decays are source of solar (electron-muon) neutrino "flare" (at tens or hundreds MeV energy). These brief (minutes) neutrino "burst" at largest flare peak may overcome by three to five order of magnitude the steady atmospheric neutrino noise on the Earth, possibly leading to their detection above detection. Moreover the birth of anti-neutrinos at a few tens MeVs is well loudly flaring above a null thermal "hep" anti-neutrino solar background and also above a tiny supernova relic and atmospheric noise. The largest prompt solar anti-neutrino "burst" may be well detected in future SuperKamikande (Gadolinium implemented) by anti-neutrino signatures mostly in inverse Beta decay. Our estimate for the recent and exceptional October - November 2003 solar flares and January 20th 2005 exceptional eruption might lead to a few events above or near unity for existing Super-Kamiokande and above unity for Megaton detectors. The neutrino spectra may reflect in a subtle way the neutrino flavor oscillations and mixing in flight. A comparison of the solar neutrino flare (at their birth place on Sun and after oscillation on the arrival on the Earth) with other neutrino foreground is estimated: it offers an independent track to disentangle the neutrino flavor puzzles and its most secret mixing angles. The sharpest noise-free anti-neutrino imprint maybe its first clean voice., Comment: 2 pages, 4 figures, SNOW 2006 Conference

A new air-showering physics may rise in next years at horizon, offering at different angles and altitudes a fine tuned filtered Cosmic Rays astrophysics and an upward Neutrino induced air-showering astronomy. Most of this opportunity arises because of neutrino masses, their mixing and the consequent replenishment of rarest tau flavor during its flight in Space. Horizontal air atmosphere act as a filter for High energy Cosmic Rays (CR) and as a beam dump for Ultra High Energy (UHE) neutrinos and a powerfull amplifier for its tau decay in air by its wide showering areas. Earth sharp shadows plays the role of a huge detector volume for UHE neutrino and a noise-free screen for upcoming EeVs tau air-showers (as well PeVs anti-neutrino electron air interactions). Projects for Tau Airshowers are growing at the top of a mountains or at the edge of a cliff. ASHRA in Hawaii and CRNTN in Utah are tracking fluorescence lights, while other novel projects on Crown array detectors on mountains, on balloons and satellites are elaborated for Cherenkov lights. AUGER, facing the Ande edges, ARGO located within a deep valley are testing inclined showers; MILAGRO (and MILAGRITO) may be triggered by horizontal up-going muon bundles from the Earth edges; HIRES and AUGER UHECR detectors, linking twin array telescopes along their axis may test horizontal Cerenkov blazing photons. MAGIC (Hess, Veritas) and Shalon Telescopes may act already like a detector for few PeVs and Glashow resonance neutrino events; MAGIC pointing downward to terrestrial ground acts as a massive tens of km^3 detector, making it the most sensitive dedicated neutrino telescope. MAGIC facing the sea edges must reveal mirrored downward UHECR Air-showers Cherenkov flashes. Magic-crown systems may lead to tens km^3, neutrino detectors., Comment: 24 pages, 24 figures, Conference NO-VE, Venice, 09-02-2006

A list of questions regarding Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) and Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs) remain unanswered within the Fireball-cone and Magnetar explosive scenarios. A persistent, thin (less than micron-sr solid angle) precessing and spinning gamma jet, with a power output comparable to the progenitor supernova (SN) or XRay pulsar, may explain these issues. The precessing jets may have a few hours characteristic decay time, while their decreasing intensity follow a power law for thousands of years. The orientation of the spinning and precessing beam respect to the line of sight plays a key role : the farthest GRB events in widest cosmic volumes correspond generally to a very narrow and on-axis beam, while for the nearest ones sources are mostly observable off-axis. Consequentely the far ones are the hardest and the most bright and viceversa nearest one are mostly softer and longest ones as in Amati correlation. We expect that nearby off-axis GRBs would be accompanied by a chain of OT and radio bumps as in GRB030329-SN2003 and latest GRB060218-SN2006 events. Delayed blazing jets are observable in the local universe as X-Ray Flahes (XRFs) or short GRBs often as orphan afterglow event, and at closer distances as SGRs and anomalous X-ray Pulsars AXRPs. The gamma jet is originated by ultra-relativistic electron pairs showering via Synchrotron (or Inverse Compton) radiation. The electron pairs escape from the inner SN core thanks to a more penetrating couriers, the relativistic PeV muon pairs, themselves secondaries of inner UHE hadron jets. They are 'transparent' through the SN shells of matter and lights; they decay far away in to electron pairs (and later on) in gamma and neutrinos jets. Then GRBs (and SGRs) are not the most explosive event of the Universe, but just the most beamed ones., Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, Submitted for pubblication

The cosmic ray spectrum extends to energies above 10^20 eV. In direct production or acceleration models, as well as by photo-pion interaction high energy cosmic ray flux must contain neutrinos and photons. The latter are absorbed by cosmic radiations while neutrinos are not. The need of a Neutrino Astronomy is compelling. In this paper a study of a detector array designed to measure horizontal tau air-showers emerging from the ground, produced by nu_tau interactions with the Earth's crust, is presented. Each array unit is composed of a pair of scintillator tiles mounted on a frame with a front field of view of about 0.1 sr, optimized to distinguish between up-going and down-going crossing particles by their time of flight. The detector array sensitivity, the size of the array and the tau shower identification are discussed. Because of the almost complete mixing of nu_mu to nu_tau the ultrahigh energy neutrino tau and its minimal consequent tau-airshower rate is estimated; assuming that the neutrino energy spectrum follows a Fermi-like power law E^-2, the sensitivity with 3 years of observation is estimated to be about 60 eV cm^-2s^-1sr^-1 in the energy range 10^{17-20} eV. This value would provide competitive upper limit with present and future experiments. We found also that, in the same time, this system can observe about one GZK neutrino event per km^2., Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures

The Fermi Lab Liquid ARgon experiment, FLARE, a huge neutrino argon-liquid project detector of 50 kt mass, might in a near future enlarge the neutrino telescope accuracy revealing in detail solar, supernova, atmospheric as well as largest solar flares neutrino. Indeed the solar energetic (E_p > 100 MeVs) flare particles (protons, alpha) while scattering among themselves or hitting the solar atmosphere must produce on sun prompt charged pions, whose decay (as well as their sequent muon decays) into secondaries is source of a copious solar neutrino "flare" (at tens or hundreds MeV energy). These brief (minutes) neutrino "burst" at largest flare peak may overcome by three to five order of magnitude the steady atmospheric neutrino noise on the Earth, possibly leading to their emergence and detection above the thresholds. The largest prompt "burst" solar neutrino flare may be detected in future FLARE neutrino detectors both in electron and positron and possibly in its muon pair neutrino component. Our estimate for the recent and exceptional October - November 2003 solar flares and last January 20th 2005 exceptional flare might lead to a few events for future FLARE or near unity for present Super-KamiokandeII. The neutrino spectra may reflect the neutrino flavor oscillations and mixing in flight. In neutrino detectors a surprising (correlated) muon appearance may occur while a rarer tau appearance may even marginally take place. A comparison of the solar neutrino flare signal with other neutrino foreground is estimated: it offer the first opportunity for an independent road map to disentangle the neutrino flavor puzzles, as well a prompt alarm system for dangerous solar flare eruptions., Comment: 5 pages, HEP 2005 conference, Lisbon July

A new candidate of cold dark matter arises by a novel elementary particle model: the almostcommutative AC-geometrical framework. Two heavy leptons are added to the Standard Model, each one sharing a double opposite electric charge and an own lepton flavor number The novel mathematical theory of almost-commutative geometry [1] wishes to unify gauge models with gravity. In this scenario two new heavy (m_L>100GeV), oppositely double charged leptons (A,C),(A with charge -2 and C with charge +2), are born with no twin quark companions. The model naturally involves a new U(1) gauge interaction, possessed only by the AC-leptons and providing a Coulomblike attraction between them. AC-leptons posses electro-magnetic as well as Z-boson interaction and, according to the charge chosen for the new U(1) gauge interaction, a new "invisible light" interaction. Their final cosmic relics are bounded into "neutral" stable atoms (AC) forming the mysterious cold dark matter, in the spirit of the Glashow's Sinister model. An (AC) state is reached in the early Universe along a tail of a few secondary frozen exotic components. They should be now here somehow hidden in the surrounding matter. The two main secondary manifest relics are C (mostly hidden in a neutral (Cee) "anomalous helium" atom, at a 10-8 ratio) and a corresponding "ion" A bounded with an ordinary helium ion (4He); indeed the positive helium ions are able to attract and capture the free A fixing them into a neutral relic cage that has nuclear interaction (4HeA)., Comment: This paper has been merged with [astro-ph/0603187] for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity

Horizontal and Upward air-showers are suppressed by deep atmosphere opacity and by the Earth shadows. In such noise-free horizontal and upward directions rare Ultra High Cosmic rays and rarer neutrino induced air-showers may shine, mostly mediated by resonant PeVs interactions in air or by higher energy Tau Air-showers originated by neutrino tau skimming the Earth. At high altitude (mountains, planes, balloons) the air density is so rarefied that nearly all common air-showers might be observed at their maximal growth at a tuned altitude and directions. The arrival angle samples different distances and the corresponding most probable primary cosmic ray energy. The larger and larger distances (between observer and C.R. interaction) make wider and wider the shower area and it enlarge the probability to be observed (up to three order of magnitude more than vertical showers); the observation of a maximal electromagnetic shower development may amplify the signal by two-three order of magnitude (respect suppressed shower at sea level); the peculiar altitude-angle range may disentangle at best the primary cosmic ray energy and composition. Even from existing mountain observatory the up-going air-showers may trace, above the horizons, PeV-EeV high energy cosmic rays and, below the horizons, PeV-EeV neutrino astronomy: their early signals may be captured in already existing gamma telescopes as Magic at Canarie, while facing the Earth edges during (useless) cloudy nights., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys

The role of Sinister Heavy Fermions in recent Glashow's SU(3)*SU(2)*SU(2)'*U(1) model is to offer in a unique frame relic Helium-like products (an ingenious candidate to the dark matter puzzle), a solution to the See-Saw mechanism for light neutrino masses as well as to strong CP violation problem in QCD. The Sinister model requires a three additional families of leptons and quarks, but only the lightest of them Heavy U-quark and E-"electron" are stable. Final neutral Helium-like UUUEE state is an ideal evanescent dark-matter candidate. However it is reached by multi-body interactions along a tail of more manifest secondary frozen blocks. They should be now here polluting the surrounding matter. Moreover, in opposition to effective pair quark annihilations, there is no such an early or late tera-lepton pairs suppressions, because:a) electromagnetic interactions are "weaker" than nuclear ones and b) helium ion 4He++ is able to attract and capture, E-, fixing it into a hybrid tera helium "ion" trap. This leads to a pile up of relic (4HeE)+ traces, a lethal compound for any Sinister Universe. This capture leaves no Tera-Lepton frozen in Ep relic (otherwise an ideal catalyzer to achieve effective late E+E- annihilations possibly saving the model). The (4HeE)+ Coulomb screening is also avoiding the synthesis of the desired UUUEE hidden dark matter gas. The e(4HeE)+ behave chemically like an anomalous hydrogen isotope.Also tera-positronium (eE+) relics are over-abundant and they behave like an anomalous hydrogen atom: these gases do not fit by many orders of magnitude known severe bounds on hydrogen anomalous isotope, making grave shadows over a Sinister Universe. However a surprising and resolver role for Tera-Pions in UHECR astrophysics has been revealed., Comment: 15 pages

The Earth's Shadow to Cosmic Rays offer a windows to Tau Neutrino Astronomy at the Horizon edges. Inclined and Horizontal C.R. Showers (70^o-90^o zenith angle) produce secondary (gamma,e) mostly suppressed by high column atmosphere depth. The shower Cherenkov photons are diluted and filtered by air opacity, but secondary penetrating, muon pairs and their decay into electron pairs, revive additional Cerenkov flash lights. Most largest GeVs gamma telescopes may detect such UHECR horizontal showers. Arrival angle and column depth, shower shape, timing may inform on the altitude interaction and on primary UHECR composition. At larger zenith angle (90^o-99^o) more rare up-going showers are traced by muon (as well electromagnetic) bundles that would give evidence of rare Earth-Skimming neutrinos, tau and anti-tau neutrinos, at PeVs-EeVs energies. Their rate may be comparable with 6.3 PeVs anti-neutrino electron induced air-shower originated in interposed atmosphere, by W^- resonance at Glashow peak. Additional and complementary UHE SUSY neutralino or staus may blaze. Their nature might be disentangled by Stereoscopic Telescopes array. Magic and Hess telescope in present set up may be already comparable to AMANDA underground neutrino detector. Such telescopes pointing at the horizons toward active sources (AGN,BL Lac Objects, GRBs or SGRs blazing micro-quasar jet, and SNRs) do experience in those directions an air mass corresponding to a km^3 water one. Therefore Horizontal Showering is already the most sensitive windows to Neutrino Astronomy possibly pointing to AGN,GRB or SGR events., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, La Thuile -Moriond Conference 2005

Soft Gamma Repeaters are widely believed to occur as isotropic Magnetar explosion. We suggest on the contrary that they may be described by thin collimated spinning and precessing Gamma Jets flashing and blazing along the line of sight. The Jet (for SGRs) maybe powered by an accretion disk in binary system and it reproduces huge outflow and oscillating blazing mode as the observed ones in Giant Flare SGR 1806-20. The precessing and spinning blazing nature reflects at smaller intensity the same behavior observed in brief GRBs Jetted Supernova, as well as re-brightening and bumps in afterglows. The SGR gamma beam maybe powered by Inverse Compton Scattering or by Synchrotron Radiation of electron pair beam respectively at GeVs or PeVs energies. In the latter case tens PeVs leptons (muons and later decaying PeVs electrons) might be originated while EeV nucleons Jets (protons-neutrons) are in photo-pion equilibrium with infrared photons surrounding the source. The neutron Jet might survive and remain collimated. It maybe already detected as an EeV cosmic ray anisotropy in present AGASA map pointing toward known (North Hemisphere) SGRs : SGR 1900 +14 and SGR 1806-20. If the SGR-EeV connection is correct a parasite traces of PeVs neutrino as well PeV-TeVs gamma rays might be found in present or future data records, among the others C.R. array detectors, inside the Amanda and Milagro volumes., Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures, GRB Afterglow Rome Oct. 2004

The apparently huge energy budget of the gamma ray burst GRB 990123 led to the final collapse of the isotropic fireball model, forcing even the most skeptical to consider a beamed Jet emission correlated to a supernova (SN) explosion. Similarly the surprising giant flare from the soft gamma repeater SGR 1806-20 that occurred on 2004 December 27, may induce the crisis of the magnetar model. If the apparently huge energy associated to this flare has been radiated isotropically, the magnetar should have consumed at once most of (if not all) the energy stored in the magnetic field. On the contrary we think that a thin collimated precessing jet, blazing on-axis, may be the source of such apparently huge bursts with a moderate output power. We discuss the possible role of the synchrotron emission and electromagnetic showering of PeV electron pairs from muon bundles. A jet made of muons may play a key role in avoiding the opacity of the SN-GRB radiation field. We propose a similar mechanism to explain the emission of SGRs. In this case we also examine the possibility of a primary hadronic jet that would produce ultra relativistic e+ e- (1 - 10 PeV) from pion- muon or neutron decay. Such electron pairs would emit a few hundreds keV radiation from their interaction with the galactic magnetic field, as it is observed in the intense gamma ray flare from SGR 1806-20. A thin precessing jet from a pulsar may naturally explain the negligible variation of the spin frequency. A correlation between SGR 1806-20, SGR 1900 +14, Cygnus and the AGASA excess of EeV cosmic rays (CRs) has been found; we suggest that a robust EeV signal may be detected by AUGER or Milagro in the near future., Comment: 13 pages,8 figures, submitted to MNRAS

Modern Terrestrial Cerenkov Telescopes and Array Scintillators facing the Horizons may soon reveal far Cosmic Rays or nearer PeVs-EeVs Neutrino Showers Astronomy. Indeed UHE neutrino interactions in air, leading to Horizontal Showers, may take place through several channels: the main Glashow resonant one, the charged nuclear interactions and the neutral current events. Analogous events occur also for the neutrino-nucleon events. These interactions are producing hadronic or electromagnetic showers at the far horizons and their correlated secondaries Cerenkov flashes. Comparable interactions are producing, inside the Earth, the Horizontal, but Up-going ultra-relativistic tau, whose decay in flight is source of tau Air Showers (Uptaus and HorTaus); Horizontal Tau Air-Showers are rarely (one-two order of magnitude) enhanced by highest mountain chains at horizons, as in AUGER experimental site; their hadronic or electromagnetic traces are preferentially at PeV-EeV energies; their tracks are amplified by their muon-gamma bundles whose signals are above the random noises and better disentangled by Cerenkov flashes in time coincidence. More exotic UHE SUSY interactions at tens PeVs-EeV energy may blaze at Horizons. Anyway common High Energy Cosmic rays at PeVs-EeVs energy must traces their presence in Magic-like Cerenkov Telescopes at horizons. Present Magic Telescopes facing the Horizons are, at equal given time, almost comparable with the Amanda underground neutrino detector., Comment: 13 Pages, 2 Figures, Vulcano Conference May-2004

Old and recent puzzles of GRBs and SGRs find a solution with a model based on the fast blazing of very collimated thin gamma Jets. Damped oscillating afterglows in GRB030329 find a natural explanation assuming a very thin Jet whose persistent activity and different angle of view maybe combined at once with the Supernovae power and the apparent huge GRBs output. The same thin beaming offer an understanding of the apparent SGR-Pulsar power connection. A thin collimated precessing Gamma Jet model for both GRBs and SGRs, at their different scaled luminosity (10^{44} - 10^{38}erg s^-1), explains the existence of few identical energy spectra and time evolution of these sources leading to a unified model. Their similarity with the huge precessing Jets in AGN, QSRs and Radio-Galaxies inspires this smaller scale SGR-GRB model. The spinning-precessing Jet explains the rare mysterious X-Ray precursors in GRBs and SGRs events. Any large Gamma Jet off-axis beaming to the observer might lead to the X-Flash events without any GRB signals, as the most recent XRF030723. Its possible re-brightening would confirm the evidence of the variable pointing of the jet in or off line towards the observer. Indeed a multi-precessing Jet at peak activity in all bands may explain the puzzling X or optical re-brightening bumps found in the GRB 021004, GRB030329 and the SGR 1900+ 14 on 27 August 1998 and once again on the 18 April 2001. Rarest micro-quasars neutron star in our galaxy as SS433, and Herbig Haro objects and Cir-X-1 describe these thin precessing Jet imprints in the spectacular shapes of their relic nebulae., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, Vulcano Conference May 2003

Cerenkov Telescopes and Scintillators set on a Crown-like arrays facing the Horizons may reveal far Cosmic Rays Showers, nearer Anti-Neutrino-Electron + Electron --> W- shower in air and upgoing Tau Neutrino + N--> tau + X, --> Shower, Earth-Skimming tau air-showers. Even UHE SUSY Chi + e--> Selectron--> Chi + e at tens PeVs-EeV energy may blaze at Horizons, as anti-neutrino electron at Glashow peak - Burst shower. We show first estimate on down and up-going Horizontal Showers traces for present and future Magic-like Crown Arrays and their correlated Scintillator-like twin Crown Arrays. The one mono or stereo-Magic elements facing the Horizons are already comparable to present Amanda underground neutrino detector., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, COSPAR 2004

Up-going and Horizontal Tau Air-Showers, UpTaus and HorTaus, may trace Ultra High Energy Neutrino Tau Earth Skimming at the edge of the horizon. We show that such events even for minimal GZK neutrino fluxes could be detected by space telescopes such as the EUSO project. These Horizontal Tau Showers will track very long fan-like, multi-finger showers whose signature would be revealed by EUSO, OWL experiments. Moreover the additional imprint of their young secondaries muon, electron pairs and gamma bundles flashes might allow to disentangle their nature from the older UHECR secondaries in horizontal showers. Indeed at large zenith angles, the muon, electron pairs and gamma number for far and old Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, becomes comparable. On the contrary up-ward muon bundles from UpTaus and HorTaus (as well as by anti-neutrino electron + electron resonance at Glashow peak) may arise within a young shower with a gamma-muon ratio as large as 10^2. Such a very characteristic imprint maybe observed by Crown detector arrays on Mountain, planes or balloons in space, as well as by gamma satellites in Space. We estimate the UpTaus and HorTaus rate from the Earth and the consequent event rate of +/-mu bundles, whose flux at 92^o -97^o may exceed the up-going muon flux induced by the atmospheric neutrino, by one or two order of magnitude., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, COSPAR Conference 2004

The present gravitational wave detectors are reaching lowest metric deviation fields able to detect galactic and extra-galactic gravitational waves, related to Supernova explosions up to Virgo cluster. The same gravitational wave detector are nevertheless almost able to reveal, in principle, near field Newtonian gravitational perturbations due to fast huge mass displacements as the ones occurring during largest Earth-Quake or Tsunami as the last on 26nd December 2004 in Asiatic area. Virgo and Ligo detector are unfortunately recording on high frequencies (above tens Hz) while the signal of the Tsunami lay at much lower range (below 0.1 Hz). Nevertheless prompt gravitational near field deformation by the Tsunami might reach the future LISA threshold sensitivity and frequency windows if such an array is located nearby (3000-10000) km distances. Unfortunately the present LISA system should be located at Lagrange point too far (1.5 million km. far away). We note however that the later continental mass rearrangement and their gravitational field assessment on Earth must induce, for Richter Magnitude 9-like Tsunami, a different terrestrial inertia momentum and a different principal rotation axis. In conclusion we remind that gravitational geodetic deviation on new precise satellites (GOCE 2006), assisted by GPS network, might nevertheless reach in the near future the needed threshold and accuracy to reveal Tsunami by their prompt tidal gravity field deviations . An array of such geoid detector maybe correlated with LISA-like satellite on Earth orbits may offer the fastest alarm system., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, Vulcano Conference 2005, in Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics

High Energy Cosmic Rays (C.R.) versus Neutrino and Neutralino induced Air-Shower maybe tested at Horizons by their muons, gamma and Cerenkov blazing signals. Inclined and Horizontal C.R. Showers (70-90 zenith angle) produce secondary (gamma, e+, e-) mostly suppressed by high column atmosphere depth. Earliest shower Cherenkov photons are diluted by large distances and by air opacity, while secondary penetrating muons and their successive decay into electrons and gamma, may revive additional Cerenkov lights. GeVs gamma telescopes at the top of the mountains or in Space may detect at horizons PeVs up to EeV C.R. and their secondaries. Details on arrival angle and column depth, shower shape, timing signature of photon flash intensity, may inform us on the altitude interaction and primary UHECR composition. Below the horizons, at zenith angle among copious single albedo muons, rare up-going showers traced by muon bundles would give evidence of rare tau Earth-Skimming neutrinos, at EeVs energies. Their rate may be comparable with 6.3 PeVs anti-neutrino electron induced air-shower (mostly hadronic) originated above and also below horizons, in interposed atmosphere by W resonance at Glashow peak. Additional and complementary UHE SUSY neutralinos at tens PeVs-EeV energy may blaze, by its characteristic electromagnetic signature. Their secondary shower blazing Cerenkov lights and distances might be disentangled from UHECR by Stereoscopic Telescopes such as Magic ones or Hess array experiment. The horizontal detection sensitivity of Magic in the present set up (if totally devoted to the Horizons Shower search) maybe already be comparable to AMANDA underground neutrino detector at PeVs energies., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, International Conference on Frontier Science, Phys. and Astrophysics in Space, June 2004

Metastable quarks of 4th generation are predicted in the framework of heterotic string phenomenology. Their presence in heavy stable hadrons are usually strongly constrained; however their hidden compositions in Heavy doubly charged baryons here considered are found to be still allowable: we studied their primordial quark production in the early Universe, their freezing into cosmic Heavy hadrons, their later annihilation into cosmic ray as well as their relic presence in our Universe and among us on Earth. We discuss also their possible production in present or future accelerators. Indeed if the lightest quarks and antiquarks of the 4th generation are stored in doubly charged baryons and neutral mesons, their lifetime can exceed the age of the Universe; the existence of such an anomalous Helium-like (and neutral Pion-like) stable particles may escape present experimental limits, while being close to present and future experimental test. On the contrary primordial abundance of lightest hadrons of the 4th generation with charge +1 can not decrease below the experimental upper limits on anomalous hydrogen and therefore (if stable) it is excluded. While 4th quark hadrons are rare, their presence may play different and surprising role in cosmic rays, muon and neutrino fluxes and cosmic electromagnetic spectra. Most of these traces are tiny, but just nearly detectable., Comment: 41 pages