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The aim of the current case study is to sequentially assess the heavy metals (HMs) cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in five products (raw juice, bagasse, mud-cake, refined sugar and molasses) along with the effluents of the selected sugar industry (SSI) Sindh, Pakistan. Estimations of daily intake and possible toxic risk of HMs by the consumption of sugar of SSI to end-user (families of SSI workers) of age group of 2.0–5.0, 6.0–15.0, 16.0–30.0 and 31.0–50.0 years were conducted. The high contents of HMs were observed in molasses followed by mud-cake and bagasse (raw waste). The raw juice of sugarcane and refined/white sugar showed the lowest levels of these HMs. The low levels of HMs in effluents of SSI might be to their separation at different stages of sugar processing and refining into the mud-cake, bagasse and molasses. The calculated daily intake of Fe and Zn from refined/white sugar to various study groups was found to be adequate based on the recommended levels by Food and Nutrition Board (FNB). The estimated weekly intake (WI) for Cd and Pb by the consumption of SSI sugar was significantly lower (2–5 times) than the provisional acceptable WI of Cd and Pb by WHO from foodstuff. The potential toxic risk study of Cd and Pb revealed that the studied subjects were not at potential toxic risk by the consumption of SSI sugar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present the data of children with anorectal malformations treated with a staged approach, including the complications of each stage. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal Study Place and Duration of Study: Paediatric Surgery Departments, Combined Military Hospital, Malir and Multan, Pakistan from Jan 2017 to Jun 2019 and Jul 2019 to Jul 2022, respectively. Methodology: Twenty-four children with anorectal malformations were included. Al were treated with a staged approach. The complications encountered during each approach were documented. Results: A total of 24 patients were operated on. Fourteen (58.3%) were female, whereas 10 (41.7%) were male patients. The age range was 1-4 years, with a mean of 2.00 ± 0.97 years. Female patients had an ARM with a rectovestibular fistula. Two (20%) of the male patients had rectal atresia, a recto-urethral bulbar fistula, a recto-urethral prostatic fistula, a recto-bladder neck fistula, or a perineal fistula. Two (8.3%), three (12.5%), two (8.3%), and one (4.1%) patients who had stage 1 had stomal stenosis or retraction, wound dehiscence, wound infection, and stoma prolapse respectively. In the second stage, two patients (8.3% of al patients) had an infection, a wound dehiscence, a dehiscence of the perineal body, and anal stenosis. In the other patient, one (4.1%) had an anal mucosal prolapse and severe urethral injury. After stage 3, only one patient (4.1%) had a wound infection. Conclusion: Patients with ARM are generaly treated with a multistaged approach, and each stage of treatment has its own complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the study: the prime purpose of this research study is to investigate the fundamentals requirements for workplace satisfaction among library experts in both public and private sector university libraries of Karachi, Sindh. Design / methodology/approach: the study explores the factors influencing the job satisfaction of Library professionals. Quantitative research design were used to accomplish the study further we have selected 150 professionals for this project. 95 where responded with complete data. The response ratio was 63% and Structured Questionnaire was used to gather data. The collected data were analyzed using statistical package SPSS-5. Findings: the findings of the study shows that majority of the respondents were female with 60 and 35 of them were male. As far as designations are concern that majority of them were librarians. Practical application: A differentiated approach is necessary for fundamental requirements for workplace satisfaction among library experts. The research raises questions about the future of librarianship in Pakistan and makes a case for better job prospects for librarians among decisionmakers, managers, and educators of libraries. Originality: this study helps fill the void and contribute to the growth of knowledge and this study contributes library and information sciences about job satisfaction level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently associated with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) with prevalence ranging from 25% to 50%. PVT is associated with poor prognosis, limiting the available therapeutic options for these patients. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for PVT in patients with HCC. Method: A retrospective analysis was performed on the prospectively collected data from January 2018 to March 2020. All patients with HCC discussed in our weekly multidisciplinary liver clinic were reviewed. Multivariate analysis was done to identify the independent risk factors for PVT in HCC patients. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Result: Of 316 patients, the prevalence of PVT was 31% (n = 98). Larger tumour size (p < 0.001), raised Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) level (p = 0.036) and higher Child-Pugh class (p = 0.008) were significantly associated with PVT. In 216 patients with preserved liver function (Child-Pugh class A), PVT was seen in 53 (24.5%) patients. Large tumour size (p < 0.001) and higher AFP levels (p = 0.021) were independent risk factors. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of PVT in HCC was 31% whereas 24.5% in patients with early cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A). We identified various risk factors associated with PVT in our local population, highlighting the importance of early and regular screening of cirrhotic patients including Child-Pugh class A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 4-aryl methylidene-2-phenyl/methyl-5-(4H)-oxazolone derivatives (2-7) have been synthesized using the reported method by condensation of aldehydes with N-benzoyl / N-acetyl glycine in the presence of zinc oxide as a catalyst and acetic anhydride at room temperature in ethanol. The compounds (2-6) are new derivatives. The structures of compounds were evaluated on the basis of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EIMS, FT-IR and elemental analysis. All the compounds were screened for their antibacterial and urease inhibition activity. Antibacterial activity was tested by agar well diffusion method using Mueller Hinton Agar medium. Compound (2) showed excellent activity against S. aureus which has 16 mm (80%) inhibition and above 24 mm (70%) against S. typhi. The most active compound against E. coli was compound (6) having 20 mm (80%) inhibition followed by compound (5) having above 18 mm (70%) inhibition. Urease inhibition activity of all the compounds was determined by indophenol method. Compounds (3, 6) and (7) showed significant inhibition against Jacks bean urease.

A new method has been developed for the synthesis of novel Schiff bases containg anthraquinone moiety using dodeca-Tungstosilicic acid/P2O5 under solvent free conditions at room temperature. The reaction was completed in 1-3 minutes with excellent yields. This method was found to be more efficient, easy and hazardous free for the synthesis of azomethines. The development of these type of methadologies in synthetic chemistry may contribute to green chemistry. The structures of synthesized novel Schiff bases was elucidated using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LCMS, FTIR and CHN analysis.

Objective: to determine the cases brought to the Otolaryngology Department with adenoidal hyperplasia. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: ENT Department, Combined Military Hospital, Multan Pakistan from Jan to May 2022. Methodology: The study was conducted on children of age more than 2.5 years having adenoid hypertrophy that was confirmed by an X-Ray lateral view of the nasopharynx for adenoids. Their tympanogram was obtained. Results: The study showed that 2(2%) cases had a Type-B curve in a single ear, and 14(14.3%) had a Type-B curve in both ears. PTA was normal in 32(32.7%) cases. Up to 25 decibels (dB) of hearing loss was seen in 6(6.1%) cases. In 8(8.2%) cases, hearing loss, was more than 25Db. Conclusion: The tympanometry test is an objective test which is very easy to carry out and can very easily detect patients having glued ears which can be managed, and possible complications of the disease can be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A total of 225 hens (18 weeks of age) of each Rhode Island Red male x Fayoumi female (RIFI), Fayoumi male x Rhode Island Red female (FIRI) and White Leghorn male x FIRI female (RLH) were maintained on deep litter system for a period of 72 weeks of age. In floor pens, each crossbred chicken was randomly distributed between pens, with 21 to 24 birds of the same breed per pen (2.00 to 2.50 ft2/bird). The results revealed that the age of sexual maturity was lowest in RIFI followed by FIRI and RLH chickens. The highest egg production was obtained by three-way crossbred chickens (RLH) as compared with two-way crossbred chickens (RIFI and FIRI). The highest egg weight was observed in RLH than those of FIRI and RIFI crossbred chickens. The internal egg quality parameters included yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk + albumen weight and albumen height were same in all crossbred chickens. There was non-significant (P>0.05) difference in blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, calcium, protein, uric acid and ALP values among all crossbred chickens. It may be concluded that three-way crossbred chickens (RLH) showed better egg traits than two-way crossbred chickens (RIFI and FIRI) with lower mortality. The RIFI crossbred chickens achieved sexual maturity earlier than both FIRI and RLH crossbred chickens with lower egg traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal purpose of this study was to examine the socioeconomic factors which can influence rural-urban migration in the most urbanized province of Pakistan. To get an in-depth idea of migration patterns, a field survey was conducted with 200 respondents of four districts of Punjab province. The Binomial Logit technique was used to predict the magnitude of influence of the various factors associated with migration from rural to urban localities. The impact of age, literacy, different education levels, marital status, and the availability of various facilities at the inception and ownership of land was analysed. The results indicate that the availability of facilities (education, job opportunities, transportation, and health), and age are significantly associated with the decision to move. The policy recommendation is that the rural localities should be adequately managed by improving infrastructure and providing all the necessary facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify potential scaffolds to treat gastritis and oxidative stress, 2-aryl-1 H -naphtho[2,3- d ]imidazole derivatives (1-15) were synthesized. The synthesis was conveniently carried out by condensing 2,3-diaminonaphthalene with variously substituted aldehydes to yield 15 new 2-aryl-1 H -naphtho[2,3- d ]imidazole derivatives. Structures of all synthesized compounds were elucidated using MS and NMR spectroscopic techniques. Compounds containing an imidazole moiety have continued to spark interest in the field of medicinal chemistry due to their unique properties. In continuation of this statement, to further explore the biological potential of these types of compounds, newly synthesized imidazole derivatives were evaluated for their inhibitory potential against urease and antioxidant activities. Compounds 4 and 11 were identified as the most potent urease inhibitors in the series, with IC 50 values of 34.2 ± 0.72 and 42.43 ± 0.65 μM, respectively. Compounds 1, 3, 6, 11, and 15, with EC 50 values in the range of 37-75 μg ml -1 , showed significant antioxidant activity. Molecular docking studies of the selected synthesized compounds 3, 4, 9, and 11 were also performed to determine their binding interaction with the jack bean urease. Through docking studies, it was revealed that all the compounds that showed good inhibitory potential against urease fit well within the protein's binding pocket. Furthermore, ADME analysis was carried out to explore the drug-likeness properties of the compounds. The findings of the present work revealed that compounds 4 and 11 could be better options to treat gastritis and associated oxidative stress., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy also known as Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare benign disease that typically manifests as lymphadenopathy with or without systemic manifestations whose etiology remains poorly understood. Most common clinical presentation is painless bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. However, it also can present in various extranodal sites and can easily be missed because of its rarity if not considered in the differential diagnosis. It commonly occurs in children and young adults with a slightly male predominance. Clinically patients may be mistaken for lymphoma and other infectious disorders like tuberculosis especially in developing countries like in Pakistan where tuberculosis is more prevalent. Here we report a case of a 38-years-old gentleman with bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and worsening ascites. His symptoms initially mimicking tuberculosis and lymphoma, was finally diagnosed as having Rosai-Dorfman's Disease on intra abdominal lymph node biopsy.