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In this review, we have discussed recent developments on the direct selenosulfonylation of unsaturated compounds which lead to the formation of two new carbon-sulfur and carbon-selenium bonds in a single operation. The reactions were classified based on the type of starting unsaturated compound and product. Thus, the review is divided into three major sections. The first describes the current literature on selenosulfonylation of alkenes. The second section covers the available literature on selenosulfonylation of alkynes. The third focuses exclusively on selenosulfonylation of allenes.

The application of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylammonium triflate (BFPAT) as a convenient new organocatalyst for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives is described. In the presence of BFPAT, one-pot synthesis of a wide variety of quinoxaline derivatives was achieved by the reaction of various o-phenylenediamines and 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds in water.

Many of the historical objects that form our cultural heritage are made of wood. Wooden artefacts, wood painted panels and historic furniture represent a significant part of our cultural heritage. Their preservation over time is a challenging task, and insect infestation still represents a primary cause of loss of cultural heritage artifacts. For this reason in this research, wood pigments that are important in the conservation of historical wooden objects are described. The characterization of very stable pigments from a cultural heritage building named by SAGHATALAR which is located in Mazandaran province, a suburb around of Fridonkenar city in the north of Iran near Caspian Sea (Cochakbishehmahaleh village) was investigated. The result were showed no organic materials was find in the four colors (Blue, Red, Yellow and Green) as samples of this building were detected and taken samples from them for characterization and analysis. The spectroscopic techniques that have been used are Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XRD), Uv-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Mossbauer spectroscopy.

A novel and efficient procedure for the generation of quinazolinone phosphonate derivatives employing the reaction of euparin, isatin or its derivatives, primary amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, trimethyl phosphite or triphenyl phosphite, and acidic solution of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous media at ambient temperature under ultrasonic irradiation was developed. Without ultrasonic irradiation, the reaction does not proceed and agitation of the reaction mixture is difficult. Some advantages of this procedure are: short time of reaction, high yields of products, easy isolation of products.

Aim and Objective: Ionic liquids are a suitable medium for stabilization and preparation of catalytic systems. Materials and Methods: The two-dimensional (2D) ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were synthesized using ionic liquid [OMIM]Br as a stabilizer and soft template. The nanocomposites were characterized via FTIR, XRD, VSM and SEM analysis. Results: The catalytic activity of these composites was evaluated using a multicomponent reaction of primary amines, acetylacetone, and 2-bromoacetophenone. Conclusion: 2D ZnO/Fe3O4 as a recyclable and green catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance for the preparation of poly-substituted pyrroles.

In this work, we synthesized new Schiff base of benzoxazine derivatives in excellent yields using multicomponent reactions of phthalaldehyde or its derivatives, primary amines, isothiocyanate, 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, isopropenylacetylene and methyl or ethyl amine in the presence of catalytic amount of Cu/KF/CP@MWCNTs NCs in water at room temperature. Also, the catalytic activity of the green synthesized Cu/KF/CP@MWCNTs NCs was evaluated in the reduction in organic pollutants such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in water at mild conditions. The results indicated that the biosynthesized NCs have very high and effective catalytic activity for organic pollutants within few seconds. As well the antioxidant activity of some synthesized benzoxazine was studied using trapping of radical by DPPH and ferric reduction activity potential (FRAP) experiment. The short time of reaction, high yields of product, easy separation of catalyst and products are some benefits of this procedure.

A convenient one-pot three-component synthesis of indeno[1,2-b]pyrrol-4(1H)-ones has been developed. The reaction of ninhydrin, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and primary amines in the presence of PPh3 in MeCN at room temperature produces the respective indeno-[1,2-b]pyrrol-4(1H)-ones in high yields. The synthesized pyrrole derivatives have been used in the Diels–Alder reaction with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in MeCN under reflux conditions to obtain indeno[1,2-b]pyrano[3,4-d]pyrroles in high yields.

Aims & Objective: An efficient procedure for the synthesis of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives in excellent yields was investigated using catalyst-free multicomponent reaction of phthaladehyde, methylamine, activated acetylenic compounds, alkyl bromides and triphenylphosphine in water under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. In addition, Diels- Alder reactions of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives with activated acetylenic compounds under ultrasonic irradiation are investigated in two procedures. The advantages of this procedure compared to report methods are short time of reaction, high yields of product, easy separation of product, clean mixture of reaction and green media for performing reaction. In addition, because of having isoquinoline core in synthesized compounds, in this research antioxidant activity of some synthesized compounds was studied. Materials and Methods: To a stirred mixture of phthalaldehyde 1 (2 mmol) and methylamine 2 (2 mmol) in water (3 mL) under ultrasonic irradiation was added to activated acetylenic compounds 4 after 20 min. Alkyl bromide 3 and triphenylphosphine 5 react in another pot in water (3 mL) under ultrasonic irradiation for 15 min. After this time, this mixture was added to the first pot. After completion of the reaction, the solid residue was separated by filtration and washed with Et2O to afforded pure title compound 6. Results: In this work, generation of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives 6 are performed using phthalaldehyde 1, methylamine 2, α-halo substituted carbonyls 3, activated acetylenic compounds 4 and triphenylphosphine 5 in water under ultrasonic irradiation condition at room temperature in excellent yield at short time. Conclusion: In summary, multicomponent reaction of phthaladehyde, methylamine, activated acetylenic compounds, alkyl bromides and triphenylphosphine in water under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature produced pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives in excellent yields. Also, Diels-Alder reaction of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives with activated acetylenic compounds and triphenylphosphine under ultrasonic irradiation is investigated in two procedures. Also, the antioxidant activities of 6a, 6c, 6g and 6i were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing power analyzes. The compounds 6a exhibit excellent DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP compared to synthetic antioxidants BHT and TBHQ. The chief benefits of our method are high atom economy, green reaction conditions, higher yield, shorter reaction times, and easy work-up, which agree with some principles of green chemistry.

A series of novel 3-hydroxyflavones were designed and synthesized under efficient and green one-pot three-component aldol condensation/intramolecular cyclization reaction of 1-[6-hydroxy-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1-benzofuran-5-yl]ethanone, substituted benzaldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of potassium fluoride /clinoptilolite nanocatalyst in water at room temperature.

Objective Functionalized benzenes are prepared from the reaction of sulfonoketenimides that is produced from the Copper catalyzed reaction of terminal alkynes and sulfonyl azides with zwitterionic intermediate that is generated from the reaction of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, alkyl bromides and triphenylphosphine in the presence of ZnO-nanoparticles in good yields. Material and methods All chemicals employed in this work were prepared from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland) and were used without further purification. Nanoparticles of ZnO were synthesized according to literature report. Melting points were measured on an Electrothermal 9100 apparatus. Elemental analyses for C, H, and N were performed using a Heraeus CHN–O-Rapid analyzer. Mass spectra were recorded on a FINNIGAN-MAT 8430 spectrometer operating at an ionization potential of 70 eV. IR spectra were measured on a Shimadzu IR-460 spectrometer. 1H, and 13C NMR spectra were measured with a BRUKER DRX-500 AVANCE spectrometer at 500.1 and 125.8 MHz, respectively. Results In these reactions, the first step is optimization of reaction conditions for achieving best conditions. For this reason, solvent, catalyst, and reaction time is changed so that the best result is obtained. For optimization, several catalysts such as CuI, CuBr, CuCl, ZnO-nanoparticles, CM-ZnO, pyridine, piperidine, CuO-NPs, TiO2-NPs and copper powder were checked. Among them CuI and ZnO-NPs give the best results. Also, several solvents such as CH3CN, H2O, solvent-free conditions, toluene and diethyl ether are employed and CH3CN is the best solvent. Conclusion In summary, sulfonoketenimides react with intermediate that is generated from the reaction of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, alkyl bromides and triphenylphosphine in the presence of ZnO-NPs (10 mol%) to produce benzene derivatives in good yields.

Several derivatives of the new pyrimido[4′,5′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-4,7,12-trione ring system have been prepared by the reaction of 3-amino-1-aryl-5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-2-carbonitriles with aliphatic carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphoryl chloride (POCl3). The synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral and microanalytical data.

KF/clinoptilolite nanoparticles were used as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of spiro[indole-3,2'-pyran] derivatives via three-component reactions of N -alkylisatins, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and electron-deficient acetylenic compounds under solventfree conditions at 80°C. The present protocol has significant advantages, such as high yields, easy purification, and low environmental impact.

A three-component condensation was applied for the preparation of cyclopentadiene derivatives through the reaction of primary amines, alkyl propiolate and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of catalytic amount of ZnO-nanorods (Zn-NR) under solvent-free conditions at 50 °C. The method has proved to be synthetically green, simple, and effective with high atom economy and yield. The catalyst also revealed significant reusability. Moreover, the antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of the newly synthesized derivatives 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d was screened using free radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and compared with hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). These compounds do not exhibit good DPPH radical scavenging, but they have a desirable FRAP.

Aim and Objective: A one-pot synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives by threecomponent cyclo-condensation of isatoic anhydride, aldehydes and amine or ammonium acetate has been developed using 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl) phenylammonium triflate (BFPAT) as a new organocatalyst. Material and method: All of the obtained products are known compounds and identified by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and melting points. Results: A wide variety of structurally different aldehydes reacted easily and rapidly to result in the relating 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones in good to excellent yield. Conclusion: We have demonstrated an extremely effective and new process for synthesizing 2,3- dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones employing BFPAT as a novel organocatalyst in one-pot fashion.

A simple three-components reaction between alkynes, primary amines, and isothiocyanates in the presence of nanophase ZnO catalysts in aqueous medium at room temperature is reported which produced 1,3-thiazolidine derivatives in good yields. Particularly valuable features of this method include high yields of products, broad substrate scope, short reaction time, and straightforward procedure.

A proficient, green and environmentally benign one-pot three-component synthesis of functionalized quinolines was developed by condensation reactions of isatin, activated acetylenic compounds, and alcohols in the presence of KF/CP (NPs) as a heterogeneous base nanocatalyst, at room temperature in water.

Three- component reactions of 1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-yl)-1-ethanone, aldehydes and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of nanoparticles of ZnO as catalyst are explained as effective and green synthetic method for generating 9H- furo[2,3-f]chromenes in good yield.

Pechmann condensation reaction of 3-hydroxyphenol and ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of 1,1′‐butylenebispyridinium hydrogen sulfate as an efficient, green, and recyclable catalyst produces 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin in good yield under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. This catalyst has advantages such as the following: good to excellent yields, short reaction times, simplicity in operation, and easy workup procedure.

A simple, rapid, efficient, and environmental method for the preparation of phosphonate derivatives has been realized using the reaction of 1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-yl)-1-ethanone, m...

An effective one-pot synthesis of benzene derivatives using a Diels–Alder reaction of activated acetylenes with phosphoryl-2-oxo-2H-pyrans is described. The latter compounds were synthesized in good yield via the reaction of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and alkyl bromides in the presence of trialkyl phosphites under solvent-free conditions at 50 oC.

 Abstract—Stable derivatives of oxaphosphaphenanthrenes were prepared using multicomponent reactions of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate with 3-bromo-2-naphthol in the presence of trimethyl or triphenyl phosphite in good yields. Chromene derivatives were produced by using triethyl phosphite and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of OH-acids in excellent yields.

Aims & Scope: Thiazole derivatives are produced using one-pot multicomponent reactions of acid chlorides, potassium thiocyanate, amino acids, alkyl bromides and ZnO nanorods (NR-ZnO) as the catalyst in water at ambient temperature. These reactions were no't performed without using NR-ZnO as the catalyst. Nanorods of ZnO have been prepared by reflux procedure using sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Nanorods of ZnO showed a considerable improvement in the yield of the product and displayed significant reusable activity. Materials and methods In these reactions, all chemicals were prepared from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Nanorods of ZnO were synthesized in the laboratory according to literature report. By using an electrothermal 9100 apparatus, melting points of synthesized compounds were determined. Heraeus CHN-O-Rapid analyzer was employed for elemental analyses for C, H, and N. FINNIGANMAT 8430 spectrometer operating at an ionization potential of 70 eV was used for mass spectra. Shimadzu IR-460 spectrometer was employed for IR spectra. BRUKER DRX-500 AVANCE spectrometer at 500.1 and 125.8 MHz was used for 1H, and 13C NMR spectra for solutions in CDCl3 with TMS as internal standard or 85% H3PO4 as external standard, respectively. Results We describe a facile and green synthetic method for the synthesis of thiazole derivatives 5 from acid chlorides, potassium thiocyanate, alkyl bromides and amino acids using NR-ZnO- as the catalyst in water at room temperature. Conclusion In conclusion, we describe an efficient, green procedure and high yielding synthesis of thiazole derivatives using acid chlorides, potassium thiocyanate, alkyl bromides and amino acids in the presence of NR-ZnO as the catalyst in water at room temperature.

An effective one-pot synthesis of dialkoxyphosphoryl-2-oxo-2H-pyran derivatives by three-component reaction of alky bromides and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of trialkyl phosphite is described. The reactions were performed under solvent-free conditions at 50°C and neutral conditions and provided good yields of products.

7 Cyclopentadiene derivatives of type (IV) are prepared using a multicomponent reaction of primary amines and electron-deficient acetylenic compounds with triphenylphosphine in water.

An effective route for the synthesis of phosphonate derivatives is described. This procedure involves the reaction of a trialkyl phosphites and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of amines in water as the solvent at room temperature.

A simple and proficient method for the synthesis of 1,3-benzoxazine derivatives via three-component reaction of isocyanide and isoquinoline with 1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-yl)-1-ethanone or 4-hydroxycumarine in water in the presence of piperidine at 70°C is reported.

An efficient synthesis of functionalized tetrahydroimidazoles via a one-pot tandem reaction between ninhydrin, primary alkylamines, arylisocyanates or arylisothiocyanates, acetylenic esters and triphenylphosphine is described.

The research was accomplished in order to study the efficiency of natural zeolite to prevent acute toxicity of ammonia on Huso huso. The study was performed using Water static method for 96 h. Fish with average weight 46 ± 5 g and total length 22 ± 4 cm were exposed to four different concentrations (15, 30, 50, 75 mg L-1) of ammonia salt. A group of fish was considered as control. Under stable condition, the lethal concentration of ionized ammonia was 50 mg L-1 during 96 h. In the lethal concentration of total ammonia, different amounts of 5, 10, 15 g L-1 granulated clinoptilolite zeolite were used. Results indicate significant differences between treatments and also with control (p < 0.05). With increasing clinoptilolite zeolite in each treatment, the survival rate of fish also increased significantly (p < 0.05). In lethal concentration of ammonia, the use of 15 g L-1 zeolite could prevent the mortality rate. Histopathological findings showed that major lesions were hemorrhage, hyperemia, hyperplasia, epithelial cells necrosis, degenerated tubules of kidney, expansion of Bowman's capsule and hepatocytes necrosis. Key words: Ammonia, histopathological, lethal concentration, zeolilte, Huso huso.

1,10-Phenanthroline reacts with malonitrile and aldehydes in the presence of isocyanides as domino-Knoevenagel-nucleophilic cycloaddition for generation of a new class of 10-(aryl)-11-(alkyl- or arylamino-)pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,10]phenanthroline-9-carbonitrile compounds in excellent yield. All compounds are fully characterized with one structurally authenticated by a single X-ray diffraction study.

Stable derivatives of phosphonates were prepared using multicomponent reactions of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate with 4-hydroxycumarin in the presence of trimethyl or triphenyl phosphite in good yields. Chromene derivatives were produced by using triethyl phosphite and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of 4-hydroxycumarin in excellent yields.

A one-pot synthesis of oxazine derivatives via reaction between activated acetylenic compounds, benzoyl cyanide, and N-nucleophiles in water as the solvent is described‎.

4-amino-2-iminodithiole derivatives were synthesised via multi-component reactions of tetramethyl thiourea, isothiocyanates and alkyl bromides in the presence of ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NR) as the catalyst in water at ambient temperature. These reactions provide low yields without catalysts. The catalyst exhibited significant reusable activity.

Stable derivatives of oxaphosphaphenanthrenes were prepared by using the reactions of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate with 3-bromo-2-naphthol in the presence of trimethyl or triphenyl phosphite under microwave conditions at 70°C in good yields. Under similar conditions, chromene derivatives were produced by using triethyl phosphite and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of OH-acids in excellent yields.

Multicomponent reactions involving 4-hydroxycumarine, activated acetylenic compounds and N-nucleophiles under solvent-free conditions were investigated. The reactions could also be extended to quinoline or CH-acides. Substituted chromen could be obtained from this routine, which may have potential applications in drugs fields.

An efficient synthesis of thiazines from the three component reactions between dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, arylisothiocyanates and N -nucleophiles at room temperature in water as the solvent is described.

Three-component reaction of 1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-yl)-1-ethanone, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and isocyanides in water was described as efficient and green synthetic procedure for preparation of 9Hfuro[ 2,3-f]chromene-8,9-dicarboxylates in excellent yield. In these reactions, 1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuranyl)- 1-ethanone was extracted from rhizomes of Petasites hybridus from northern Iran. The structure of this compound was determined by 1H, 13C-NMR and IR spectroscopy and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. This procedure provides rapid access to novel and diversely substituted 9H-furo[2,3-f]chromene-8,9-dicarboxylate derivatives....

A new dipicolinate complex of Ru(II), cis-[Ru(phen)2dipic] · 9.5H2O (1), where dipic is dipicolinate or pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate and phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic (IR, UV-Vis), cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. ORTEP drawing of cis-[Ru(phen)2dipic] · 9.5H2O shows that the coordination geometry around Ru(II) is a distorted octahedron. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, with space group P 1, a = 10.4633(2) A, b = 13.6332(4) A, c = 13.6637(4) A, α = 67.516(3)°, β = 69.757(2)°, γ = 77.201(2)°, V = 1680.74(8) A3, Z = 2, and R int = 0.0311. In 1, two phen are bidentate N,N′ ligands. The Ru(II) in 1 is bonded to dipicolinate through pyridine nitrogen and one oxygen of carboxylate groups, thus pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate is a bidentate N,O ligand. Efficient and selective oxidation of alcohols with NaIO4 as oxidant was conducted by this complex catalyst in CH3OH/H2O as solvents under air at room temperature.

A one-pot synthesis of dialkyl 2-(diphenoxyphosphoryl)-3-[hydroxy (alkyl)(aryl) sulfanyl] succinate derivatives via the reaction between dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, triphenyl phosphite and mercaptoalkanols or mercaptophenols is described. These reactions lead to the formation of dialkyl 2-(diphenoxyphosphoryl)-3-[hydroxy (alkyl)(aryl) sulfanyl] succinates as a mixture of two diastereomers without using any catalyst and in good yields.

A straightforward and an efficient method for the synthesis of 2H-pyrans via the one-pot, reaction of alkyl bromides, carbon disulfide, secondary amines, activated acetylenes and isocyanides under solvent-free conditions without using any catalyst at room temperature is reported. The method offers several advantages including high yields of products and an easy work-up procedure. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).